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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 8, 1901)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1901, FARMERSTALKSHOP Work of Annual Congress of Western Oregon, ANGORA GOATS INTHIS COUNTRY Practical Solution of'the Good Roads Problem Dalrylnsr, Prune Groiv- in&r, Co-Operation and Noxious Weeds Discussed. SALEM. Or., Jan. 7. The second annual session of the Oregon Farmers' Congress convened In the Senate chamber at the Capitol this afternoon. There was a good ly attendance of farmers from nearly every section of "Western Oregon, and all took a deep Interest In the proceedings. There -was from the first a spirit of hon est inquiry after Improved methods of farming, dairying and stockralsing, and It Is evident that "the congress -will be rich In benefits to those who attend. The meeting was called to order by President W. H. "Wehrung. He introduced Frank Davey, who delivered an address of welcome. Mr. Davey stated In his brief address that Salem is particularly appropriate as a place for the holding of the Oregon Farmers Congress, for the reason that it is located in the center of one of the richest agricultural sections of the state, and Its financial well-being depends largely upon the prosperity of those who are engaged in agricultural enterprises. Because of the deep Interest the people of Salem have In all that per tains to the success ot the farming classes, they welcome and encourage any and all meetings which have for their object the upbuilding of her primary in dustries. Mr. Davey emphasized the necessity for more Intelligent farming, saying that the shiftless methods of the past will no long er bring the desired results. And while more Intelligent method Is the great de sideratum, no better means of accom plishing this end can be found than the holding of such meetings as the annual session of the farmers' congress. As workers of every class are organizing In order to promote their mutual Interest, the farmers must do the same, and work In unity for legislation and other needs of the agricultural classes. Angora Goats In United State. Following the address of welcome, H. M. Williamson, of Portland, read a paper on "The Angora Goat in the United States." His paper was as follows: "The first Angora goats In the United States ere Imported by Dr. James B. Davis, of South Carolina, In 1849. Dr. Davis was sent to Turkey by President Polk, at the request of the Sultan, to Introduce the culture of cotton by mod ern methods In that country. It has long been generally believed that the Angora goats which Dr. Davis brought to this country were presented to him by the Sultan as a remarkable token of his ap preciative esteem. In his recent book, "A New Industry." Colonel "William L. Black, of Texas, shows that this current account of the manner In which Dr. Davis ac quired the goats Is a myth. The Sultan expressed his esteem in the form of cash. Dr. Davis does not appear to have held Angora goats In high esteem, and did not Intend to buy Angora goats when he pur chased those he brought to this country. He supposed the goats he brought were from somewhere In the 'center of Asia, and he paid a big expense bill for getting them to Constantinople. He never be lieved they were Angora goats, but al ways called them Cashmere goats, with the exception of one ewe, which he called n Thibet shawl goat, and which was prob ably in reality a Cashmere goat. It may be accepted as a fact that Dr. Davis landed in this country In ISO eight An gora goats of more than ordinary excel lence and one Cashmere goat. "Within the next five years he sold a number ot the offspring of these goats at $1000 per head, and In 1S55 Colonel Richard Peters bought nt that price all of his pure-bred Angora flock. Colonel Peters subsequently made two importations of Angora goats, aggre gating 10 or 11 head. "William "W. Chenery, of Boston, made an Importation of Angora goats in 1S64, but these goats wore so badly affected with scab that they all died soon after they were landed. Mr. Chenery made an other Importation of about 20 head in 1SG8, and a third importation of a like number in 1867. In 1S70, Brown & Dlehl landed 1S5 Angora goats. "In 1S70 or 1871. Mr. A. Eutechldes, an Armenian merchant and goat-raiser of Oregon, who had a son living In Califor nia, brought over about 100 head. "In 1S76, John S. Harris, of the then firm of Hall & Harris, of California, reached home from Turkey with 12 head of Angoras. Mr. Harris was an expe rienced breeder of Angora goats before he went after those, but was misled by the name Cashmere, which was commonly applied to Angoras up to that time in this country, and first went all the way , to Thibet In order to secure goats at head quarters. He then found that the Cash mere goat of Thibet was a wholly dis tinct goat from the Angora. Finally, In the dead of "Winter he reached the home of the goat In Angora, Turkey, when he carefully selected his goats, and n spite of almost Insuperable difficulties reached Constantinople with them in safety, and In due course of time, California. By the time the goats had reached their nevr home they had coast a little over $100 each. About 1876, an English ship captain took a pair of Angoras from Turkey to Galveston, Tex., and sold them to Colonel "W. D. Parish, of San Antonio. It Is also reported that Colonel Stiles, of Georgia, made an Importation of eight head Just before the war. "This completos the list of Importa tions of Angora goats from Turkey. Five head were Imported from South Africa in 1886 by Fink & Hoerle. of Texas. C P. Bailey, of California, Imported two bucks from South Africa in 1883, and one in 1899. It appears, then, that all the Angora blood found in our flocks in the United States traces back to less than 300 ani mals. "Angora goats were Introduced on the Pacific Coast by William M. Landrum, then of California, but now of Texas. He bought two bucks of Colonel Peters and took them across the plains to California In 1860. One of these bucks was the cele brated "Billy Atlanta," of which 'Colonel Peters said: 'He "won the sweepstake prize against all competition at even fair to the one preceding his death.' There are very few goats in Oregon In which there is not a trace of Billy Atlanta's blood. ' "Interest In Angora goats soon centered In California to such an extent that by far the greater part of all the goats Im ported to the United States found their Ty to that state, as well as the larger part of Colonel Peters stock of pure !)reas. In 186S Colonel Peters eentabout 25 head of his pure-bred goats to Cali fornia, 17 head going to Landrum. But terflcld & Son. In 1872, Landruxn & Rog ers bought all of Colonel Peters' flock which were under the age of 8 years. Of the Chenery Importation of 20 goats In 1866 William M. Landrum bought nine head, and C. P. Bailey two. for which he paid $500 per head. Mr. Landman also bought one of the goats imported by Chenery in 1857. Nearly all of the Brown Jc Dlehl Importation went to California, C P Ballev being one of the leading pur chasers. The Eutechldes goats were sold at auction In California. "From the time of the first Importation down to 1879 or 18S0 pure-bred Angora goats sold at from $200 to $1000 per head. A number of pure-bred Angoras "were brought to Oregon about 1S70 -which cost j from $150 per head upwards. About 1S0 Interest In Angora goats subsided, and prices of' pure-breds dropped. Mr. Lan drum removed from California to Texas with his flock. Mr. Harris found in Ida ho a new home, where climatic condi tions were quite similar to those In An gora. Turkey. From that time until with in the past three years the prices which ownersof Angora goats have been willing to pay for bucks were not large enough to be very encouraging to breeders. A renewed demand has arisen for good bucks, however, and prices are again be coming remunerative to breeders. A new generation of breeders is coming into the field to take up the work so well begun by the pioneers, and there is a great work yet to be done to bring up the standard of our mohair so that it will equal that of Turkey. At present, probably not 1 per cent of the mohair of this country equals average Turkish mohair. We have far the best breeders, but the Turks have the advantage of a great deal more pure blood in their goats. The more univer sally the goat-owners of this country use pure-bred sires the sooner the quality of our mohair will come up to that of Tur key. "Oregon is specially fortunate in hav ing higher-graded goats than any other state in which the Industry is largely developed, with the possible exception of California. It is also fortunate In having climatic conditions and foods which ena ble us to produce to advantage a lustrous mohair of a full year's growth. There are good reasons why Oregon should be the leading state of the Union in the production of mohair, both as to quality and quantity." This paper formed the foundation for a discussion in which a large number of the farmers present took part. The dis cussion took a broad range, but covering principally the economic value of the Angora goat. Briefly stated, the expe rience of all seemed to be that the Angora goat may be depended upon to produce revenue from three sources by yielding hair, by clearing land and by furnishing meat. Questions on the suitability of Ann gora goats for meat brought out the as sertion that goat meat Is sold as veal or mutton to those who cannot tell the dif ference. Henry B. Thlelsen insisted that the demand for female Angora goats In other states must not be filled by exporta tion from Oregon, for sending these ani mals out of the state Is virtually "killing the goose that laid the golden egg." In answer to a question, Mr. Williamson said that the best evidence of the profit that may be realized upon Angora goats is the demand for the animals and the high prices that tire paid. Following the discussion, George W. Weeks, the Howell "Valley dairyman, read an Interesting paper upon "The Silo; How to Build and How to Fill." The pa per was given an extended discussion as to details of building a silo. Good Roads. No subject presented during the day re ceived closer attention than "Good Roads," the consideration of which was led by a paper written by Secretary Hen ry B. Thlelsen, of Salem. This paper was as follows: "While Oregon remained a state where only the one staple crop of wheat was raised, and this crop was deposited in the various warehouses along the lines of river and railroad transportation, the greater part of the farm hauling could be don before the beginning of the Fall rainB and it was possible to endure the discomforts of the semi-annual change from deep dust to still deeper mud. and back again with some degree of equan imity, as the actual amount of necessary hauling over Winter roads was compara tively small. Now, however, diversified farming has come to stay, with Its tend ency towards smaller farms and denser country population; and more people In the country brings its inevitable corol lary of more people in the city. "The mutual necessities of town and country, for the town must be fed and warmed and the country must be clothed, Involve a constantly Increasing travel be tween the two, that does not cease as of old with the advent of Winter rains. Under these new conditions the tax of effort and wear and tear upon man, beast and vehicle, where five are required to do the work that should be performed by one. Is becoming Intolerable. "It Is generally acknowledged that our present system. If It can be called a sys tem, la Inadequate to the task of mak ing our highways equal to the constantly Increasing demands coming upon them, and the question of how to do this with out imposing too grlevious a tax upon ourselves or our posterity invites our most earnest consideration. "I venture the assertion that no other enterprise of equal magnitude or com mensurate importance la now carried on with the same amount of wasted effort and lack of intelligent direction as char acterizes every department of location, construction and maintenance of our pub lic roads. New roads are laid out with ordinarily greater effort to prevent tres passing upon accidental property lines than in the endeavor to locate the road where it will serve as the most direct artery of future travel upon the line of least resistance as to gradients, forget ting that every vehicle with Its load has to be lifted over every hill, and that In all probability the farmer himself, for whose convenience the road was divert ed from Its proper location, will waste more energy in the course of a year than .will be compensated by the greater con venience for a few days In cultivating- and harvesting a more symmetrical field. "After the road Is located it is then built and maintained by men having practically no knowledge of how to do either, each supervisor being absolute In his own district, free to tear up what his predecessor has constructed, if he chooses, and he only too often does so choose. "Imagine the result If a railroad should be constructed in the same manner, each engineer being allowed to build his divi sion according to his individual Ideas of proper grades and curves. Carry the parallel still further, for these engineers have at least been trained In their busi ness, and allow each foreman to build such a mile of road as he chooses! What sort of a railroad would be the result? It Is only long familiarity with the con ditions that prevail In road building that blind us to their absurdity. "We citizens of the Wobfoot State are rather noted for insisting upon learning through our own experience, when oft times we could acquire our knowledge at much less cost by using the experience of others. A celebrated painter upon be ing onoe asked how he mixed his paints answered, 'with brains. About the first thing we must acknowledge In facing the problem before us. Is that the work of constructing a homogeneous system of good roads through the state must be under Intelligent supervision. A very meritorious bill before the last Legis lature provided for the appointment by the Governor of a competent state en gineer of Toads. This bill failed because of the suspicion that this was a graft, our legislators not seeing that any Intel ligent form In our road work must have a competent head to direct. In every state where real progress has been made In road building, the direction has been vested in a state engineer, or a commis sion consisting of one or more individuals who are competent for the work. Hence, my contention that there must be a cen tral head to our reform. "There should be also In each county a competent man in charge of roads and bridges, under whose direction the dis trict supervisors shall do their work. "Under intelligent supervision much more could be accomplished even with the present system of working out our road taxes than now results; in fact, much has been accomplished in some counties where the work has been put under one competent head. "Each county thus being under one head and these again working under a state head, would afford an organization com petent to build a system of good roads whenever the Legislature enacts the proper laws to carry out the work. "I myself am not in favor of the en actment of a bonding law that will leave a legacy of Indebtedness to our poster ity but rather la the economical ex- penditure of so much money and labor as we can afford, paying as we go. In this connection I would suggest to you that in the same manner as the payment of a portion of the principal of a debt makes it easier to pay the balance by reducing the Interest, so every mile of permanent road built allows the labor saved In the maintenance of this mile to be applied to the building of other perma nent miles, thus like the snowball that grows as it rolls, the ability to build grows with each mile constructed. "More than half of the states of the Union have passed laws looking to the comprehensive building of permanent roads. Some of these have proved more satisfactory than others, though all have accomplished much. "Of those states which have passed sat isfactory laws, I would Instance New Jersey, which in 1891 passed a law pro viding that where the owners of the land abutting on any public road not less than a mile in length should petition for the Improvement of the road, agreeing to pay 10 per cent of the cost, the county shall build the road, and if the same, when completed, Is up to the standard fixed by the State Commissioner of Public Roads, then one-third of the cost shall be de frayed by the state, and the remainder by the county. The expenditure of the state for such work Is limited in any one year to $150,000, which makes a possible expenditure in one year of $450,000 by state, and counties, 'no county being permitted under the provisions of this law to re ceive state aid upon roads upon which, the county expenditure Is more than Vl of 1 per cent of the assessed valuation. Av eraging the cost of such Improvements at $S000 per mile, 150 mlle3 per year may be built. "Undef this law, 10 miles of road were built in 1892, 60 miles In 1893, and since 1895 the applications for new roads have been far in excess of the limit prescribed by law. "These roads at first cost about $6000 per mile, but now, owing principally to the use of Improved labor-saving machin ery, this has been reduced to about $3000. The farmers at first were bitterly op posed to the law, but are now equally enthusiastic in Its favor. "A number of other states have copied after this law with more or less varia tion, notably Massachusetts, Rhode Isl and, Connecticut, New York and Califor nia, but this system seems to be meet ing with much favor. "A few years since, during a visit to Northern Germany, I was deeply Interest ed In the manner of building and main taining their splendid roads, and was greatly encouraged as to our own pros pects for obtaining similar luxuries, when I learned that these had all been built within the third of a century that this part of the country has belonged to Prus sia. These roads were located skillfully. and Intelligently constructed. Although the country Is more rolling than the Wil lamette Valley, I did not see a hill on any road up which one good horso could not draw a load of 50 bushels of wheat with ease. The universal use of wide tires reduces the wear to a minimum, and it is marvelous to see how many miles of road one laborer can keep in perfect repair. "While upon this subject I would say that In my Judgment no road in the Wil lamette Valley, no matter how well con structed, can be maintained at reasonable expense, except with the universal use of wide tires, owing to the fact that all our gravel, as well as our broken stone, is of basaltic rock, which, while hard lacks toughness, and breaks easily under the shock of a heaw load. "From frequent personal observation, I know th an ordinarily tired farm wagon loaded with 50 bushels of wheat will rare ly travel over 25 yards of road without crushing at least one gravel stone. This explains why our gravel roads wear out so quickly. "Much more might be added to show what has been accomplished In other states, but this will suffice as a peg to bans' a discussion upon which will, I hope, be profitable." In the discussion which followed, Mr. Thlelsen said that he attributed the poor roads of Oregon to the lack of system. He described a road which he saw In Germany upon which one horse could haul 50 bushels of wheat with ease. He esti mated the cost of roads like this at from $3000 to $10,000 perimile, according to the distance tho material must be hauled. He emphasized the need of general oversight of road building by some man who is thoroughly familiar with the requisites of a good road. The New Jersey law met his special approval because it leaves the matter of securing good roads to the de cision of each community. Those com munities which want good roads can se cure them, while there Is no law com pelling the building of roads where tho people do not want them. In the discussion there were some who advocated the Issuing of bonds for the purpose of raising money with which to build permanent roads, thus lessening the Immediate burden and distributing the cost so that all those who receive the benefits will bear their share of the bur den. Other Subjects Discussed. Following the discussion of roadbulld Ing, Judge T. L. Davidson read a paper on the subject, "Does It Pay to Grow French Pink and Dog Fennel?" At the evening session the following subjects were discussed: "Up-to-Date Dairying," Dr. James WIthycombe; "What France Can Teach Oregon About Prunes," Professor Lake; "Value of the State Fair to the Producer," George L. Rees; "Co-operation Among Producers," Tllmon Ford. All these subjects were handled In an able manner, and extended reports will appear later. The election of officers will occur tomor row morning, and tho session will be con cluded In the afternoon. ASTORIA'S COUNCIL COMMITTEES. Appointed by Mayor, Who Deferred Annual Address for a Month. ASTORIA, Or., Jan. 7. The annual meeting of the Common Council was held at noon today, and all the newly elected city officers were formally seated. A reso lution was passed directing that the regu lar meetings of the Council for the year 1901 be held the first and third Mondays of each month, except that the first regu lar meeting shall be held Friday, January 1L Mayor Bergman announced that his annual message would not be presented until the next meeting. He then appoint ed the standing committees to serve dur ing the ensuing year, as follows: Ways and means Scherneckan, Brlx and Parker. Health and police Brlx, Cook and Utz Inger. Streets and public ways Utzlnger, Agren and Cook. Fire and water Hansen, Wright and Svenson. Public property Parker, Wright and Hansen. Wharves and water-frontage Svenson, Agren and Scherneckan. The Ilwaco football team visited Fort Stevens yesterday and played a game with the team made up of enlisted men there. The soldiers won tho game by a score of 10 to 0. .Perjury Charge Dismissed. SEATTLE, Wash., Jan 7. Six out of nine citizens of South Bend, Wash., who were charged with perjury in the Federal Court, for proving up valuable timber lands as homesteads and then selling the timber to mill companies, were discharged by Judge Hanford today, and the other three were released on bonds. This is the second time tho men have been In dicted, as the indictments in the first case were defective. Rampart Said to Be Booming?. SEATTLE, Wash., Jan. 7. The first news from Rampart this Winter shows that district to be booming. All of the creeks are looking well, and Big Manook Is coming to the front with a rush, ac cording to the Forum. On Ruby Creek near Big Manook, John Folger panned JS3 in three days last August. Van Camp's Soups, 10c REFORM SCHOOL WORK SHOWING MADE IN BIENNIAL RE POUT OF SUPERINTENDENT. Force of Employes" Cut Down Though Number of Boys Increased State School for the Blind. SALEM, Or., Jan. 7. The biennial re port of Superintendent H". E. Bickers, of the State Reform School, was filed with the Board of Trustees today, and ap proved. The general report is in brief as follows: "I am pleased to be able to state that the school has made good progress during the term, notwithstanding the fact that its means were below the absolute .re quirements, that Its force of employes was cut down to meet the conditions of vu de pleted appropriation, so that Its working capacity has been seriously crippled, and that the demands' upon the school have been far greater than during any other period of its hlptory. So far as discipline among the pupils and harmony among the employes are concerned, they have been entirely satisfactory. There has been no se ere physical punishment of pu pils resorted to. We insist upon and en force discipline and observance of rules, and we punish violators of either in a firm and humane way. "There is a .growlpg and widespread de mand from various parts of the state for some suitable means of caring for the moral and intellectual welfare of way ward girls, who have no adequate home influences, and I believe the time has come for Oregon to make the necessary provision. The law, as It already exists, contemplates the making' of these pro visions. This Is a boys' and girls' reform school,' but no girls have been received, because there are no suitable accommo dations. These can be furnished by a separate building, for which I now ask an appropriation of $10,000, "During the past two years we have es established a library for the school, which now contains about 300 volumes, for the greater number of which wo are indebted to the following kind donors: First Pres byterian Church, Portland; American Sunday School Tract Union, by Rev. W. R..Winans," Salem; Mrs. C. B. Wade and the Laaies Parliamentary Club, Pendle ton; Mrs. iM. R. Andrews. Portland: Mrs Helen Corbett, Portland-; 'Mrs. Thomas N. Strong, Mrs. E. Quackenbush, Mrs. E. C. Prptzman, William M. Ladd, Thornton Ladd, Portland. The boys take a deep interest in this addition to our resources; they spend their evenings In the library studying subjects In which they feel the deepest interest, and we aim to have only the cleanest material to lay before them. "Tho appropriation for the past biennial period was totally inadequate. Even with uie .greatest economy In all departments was found Impossible to conduct the school within the amount given, conse quently there will be found a total de ficiency of $13,784 15. The appropriation of $35,000 made by the Legislature pf 1899 was only about one-half of the amount usually appropriated, hence it will be seen that much outlay -will be needed during the next biennial term by reason of things necessarily neglected during the closing term. I believe the following amounts win be required for the next two years: General maintenance ...- $33,000 00 Repairs, painting, fugitive fund, salaries of Industrial teachers, lighting, books, furniture, etc.. 26,000 CO New kitchen building ....'. 5,000 00 New pumping station 5,000 00 Girls' department 10,000 00 Library and amusement fund 500 CO Deficit last term 13,734 15 Total $98,234 15 The number of boys at the beginning of tne biennial term was $9, There are now 131 enrolled, the average daily attendance being 113. The total expenditures for the term were $48,734 15, of which $35,574 S9 was for general malntenance,-$10,429 73 for Im provements, and $2729 43 for lighting. The per capita cost per year was $21 63, or $1 88 per month. Since tho Institution wag established 443 boya have been received from the follow ing counties: Baker 12Llnn , 29 Benton Malheur 3 Marion 41 Clackamas 17 Clatsop 21 Columbia , 4 Coos 2 Curry 1 Morrow 2 Multnomah 118 Pojk 10 Sherman 1 Tillamook 1 Umatilla 20 Union 9 Wallowa 1 Wasco 20 Washington ....... 13 Douglas 26 Gilliam 3 Grant .,., 2 iiarney Jacxson 15 Josephine 14 K.iamatn . wneeier a... .. Lake llYamhlll 24 Lane 24 Lincoln .'.. 2 Total 443 -State School for Blind. The biennial report of Superintendent J. L. Carter, of the State School for the Blind, shows that during the term Just closed 34 pupils have' been enrolled, the present attendance being 20. The expen ditures during the term were as follows: Salaries , $ 7,972 28 Medical attendance and drugs... 218 45 Wood and water 4.349 00 Groceries and provisions 3,043 '51 Dry goods and furniture 384 02 Hardware, repairs and teaming.. 604 69 Miscellaneous 834 35 Total general expense $14,406 20 Electric lighting 1,482 60 Improvements, typewriters and piano 1,689 80 Grand total 517.578 60 On the subject of cost per capita the reoort says: "The annual cost per capita during the past two years, not considering the cost of electric lighting, has been $277. If we include the electric lighting, which is pro vided under contract with the state, and which Is generally considered to be great ly In excess of what It should be, the cost per capita would be $306. In a small school, the cost per capita Is necessarily greater than In a large one. While the cost per capita In this school is greater than in some states, it Is, however, less than in others. The annual cost per capita in the California school for the deaf and blind last year, was $274. In the Pennsylvania school it was $301." In his general report Superintendent Carter states that the conduct of a ma jority of the pupils has been commend able, but says that In the enforcement of rules In some cases dissatisfaction has been expressed by some. He recommends that a full investigation of such cases be made by the board, should they deem it necessary. It Is also stated that the pupils are being given special Instruction In the work of net-weaving, the object being to tram tne blind children in work that cannot be dono by machinery. More work along the line cf manual training- is being done in the bchool, In accordance with the rec ommendation of a committee composed of Professor French, of Monmouth, and Pro fessor Ressler, of Eugene, appointed by the Board of Education to Inspect the state schools at Salem. Superintendent Carter recommends an appropriation of $16,000 for maintenance and electric lighting, and $2500 for im provements Penitentiary for the Quarter. The report of Superintendent J. D. Lee, of the penitentiary, for the quarter end ing December 31, shows earnings to- the amount of $2760 SO, and expenditures to the amount of $15,794 1L Of the expendi tures. $4460 was for salaries, and S65S7 66 for work on the new wing. The number of Convicts at the close of last cuarter was 273, and at the close of this quar ter,x278. Tne Text-Boole Commission. Governor Geer today received messages that H. W. Scott, o Portland, and P. I Campbell, of Monmouth, have accepted their appointments as members of tho text-book commission. Three of the ap pointees, Messrs. Scott, Campbell and Ladd. have now accepted the appoint ments, and Messrs. Colvlg and Lowell have not been heard from. Governor Geer has written Judge Lowell another letter, supplementary to the one in which he conveyed the appointment, and urging Judge Lowell to reconsider his declina tion and accept the appointment. Eola Not Satisfied. Justice of the Peace D. J. Holmes, of Eola, says that the residents of his neigh borhood are circulating a petition asking that the postofHce at Eola be not dis continued. It was announced that upon the Inauguration of the free rural delivery system, one route of which passed through Eola, the office would be Abolished. The Eola people are dissatisfied with this plan, because they get an earlier and better service by means of the postofflce. The rural delivery carriers leave Salem at 8 o'clock in the morning, and cover the hill road to Oak Grove before reaching Eola. The mall wagon from Salem to Eola leaves at 12 o'clock, thus carrying the mail that comes from the north at 11 o'clock. Mr. Holmes says that If the office should be discontinued, the Eola people would get a large part of their mall, including the Morning Oregcnlan, a day late. A VOICE FROM ASTORIA. A More or Less Amuslnsr and Shock Ins Example of Philistinism. Astoria Herald. Rev. Edgar P. Hill, of Portland, Is a sky pilot. He is advertised as a Christian. In reality he Is a sensational preacher and is seeking notoriety. The Presby terian church of Portland Is not a relig ious organization. It Is composed of a crowd of political ward strikers, where wealth and the ability to chip In to the contribution box are paramount to be lieving In Jesus Christ and Him cruci fied. This seasatlonal scandal-monger recently preached a sermon In which he criticised the Police Commissioners and District Attorney of Portland for an order made last July requiring gamblers to pay a license. Since July the gamblers have paid over $25,000 Into the treasury of Portland. Gambling has existed In Portland since John Jacob Astor had his hide .factory near Fort George a( the mouth of the Columbia. It always will exist. Rev. Edgar P. Hill does not pay one cent of taxes, contributes nothing to the support of Portland, yet he wants the gambling license revoked In the inter est of morality. Hill's congregation thinks nothing of conducting a fair In which fish ponds, raffles and other gam bling devices are used to increase the revenues of the church and Incidentally pay his salary. This Is all done under the cloak of religion, and teaches the younger members tho art and fascination of gambling. Rev. Edgar P. Hill, of the Presbyterian church of Portjand, Is a Christian bigot of the vintage of '49. He is a firm believer In the old Blue Laws of Connecticut, that a man ought to be put to death for kissing his wlfo on Sunday. His religious belief Is subservient to the amount of his salary. If he is a Christian and an expounder of the Gospel, hell will be full of such Christians, with their leg3 sticking out of the windows. Gam bling exists In Portland and will con tinue to exist, notwithstanding the vis ionary theories of Rev. Edgar P. Hill. This same Hill Is the one who preached a sermon on Representative Curtis, of this county, in his church two years ago. and afterwards admitted that he had made a mistake. He Is a crank of the worst kind and only takes a hand In politics for the graft there is in it. Port land and the Christian religion would be better off if Rev. Edgar P. Hill were shoveling brimstone and blue vitriol in the Infernal regions. If Edgar P. Hill ever enters the Kingdom of Heaven, then we prefer to reside In Gehenna. PLANS FOR ANNEXATION. "Washington Said to Want the Idaho "Fnnuandle." SPOKANE. Wash., Jan. 7. Plans are being formed here to secure the annexa- tlon of the northern part of Idaho to the State of Washington. State Representa tive H. D. Merritt is planning to bring this project before the Legislature at Its coming session. The purpose Is to add to this state the entire region known as the "Panhandle," lying north of the 46th parallel, which is In the southern boun dary of Washington. This would Include Kootenai, Shoshone, Latah and Nez Perces, and partof Idaho County, taking In all of the famous Coeur d'Alene silver-lead mining dlstrlot, as well as most of the rich Clearwater gold fields. The plan Is received with enthusiasm here, and Northern Idaho hap In the past voted In favor of such annexation by an overwhelming majority. It Is argued that Southern Idaho would now consent be cause of lack of railway connection be tween the two parts of the state and es pecially because of the great expense re sulting from the mining riots In the Coeur d'Alene district and two years of martial law. Quotations of Mining: Stocks, SPOKANE, Jan. 7. Tho ciostns bids mining- stocks today were: for Blacktall ,104 Butte & Boston.... 1 Crystal 4 Deer Trail Con 2 Evening Star 5 Gold Ledge VA I. X. L 1& Iron Maak 34 Lone PJne Burp.... 6 Mountain Lion ....31 Morning Glory 7VJ Morrison 3V4 Qullp 23 Rambler Cariboo. ..28 Republic 58 Reservation 4 Rosaland Giant 2 Sullivan 12u, Tom Thumb 13 Waterloo 2J4 American Boy 6i Conjecture , 3 Dewey 2 Miller Creek 2 Flag-Mil 1 Princess Maud .... 1 SAN FRANCISCO. Jan 7. The official clos ing quotations for mining stocks today were: Alta. SO 00! Justice $0 03 Mexican 54 Occidental Con ... 7 Ophlr 1 05 Overman 18 Potosl 21 ravage 24 Beg, Belcher 4 Sierra Nevada ... 50 Silver Hill 01 Alpha Con 3 Andes 12 Belcher IB Rest & Belcher... 37 RulIIon 4 Caledonia 08 Challensre Con ... 21 m.Oi.o 91 Confidence 50 Con. Cal. & va 2 703tandard .., 3 60 Crown Point iu union won aa 3ould & Curry... Rale & Norcross. 70 Utah Con 201 fellow Jacket NEW TORK. Jan, 7. Mining stocks today closed as follows Adams Con Allen .$0 20, Little Chief $0 16 Ontario 0 75 Ophlr 00 Phoenix 10 Potosl ..t 15 Savage 20 Sierra Nevada ... 35 Small Hopes 65 Standard 3 60 Breece 2.00 Brunswick Con .. F22 Comstock Tunnel. 4 Con Cal. & Va... 2 25 Dead wood Ttrra. 55 Horn Sliver 1 10 Iron S lver 63 Leadville Con .... 0 BOSTON, Jan. 7. Closing quotations: Adventure $10 00 Allouez M. Co.. 3 00 Amal. Copper.. 91 75 Atlantic 28 00 Humboldt ....... CO 00 Osceola 83 00 Parrott 49 50 Qulncy 173 00 Boston & M ... 311 00 Santa Fe Cop... a oo Butte & Boston 78 00 Tamarack 330 00 Cal. & Hecla... 835 OOlUtnh Mining ... 82 12 Centennial .... 23 501 Winona 5 75 Franklin 18 00 Wolverines 48 60 Bid. Clark County Fruitpro-rrera. VANCOUVER, Wash.. Jan. 7. At a meeting of the Clark County Fruitgrow ers' Association Saturday evening the question of the advisability of the Clark County growers identifying themselves as a body with the Northwest Fruitgrowers Association was the chief topic under dis cussion. The sentiment of a majority of the members present: was strongly against such action, and a resolution favoring the maintenance of an independent or ganization in Clark County was adopted. Killed by a Train. SEATTLE, Wash., Jan. 7. Thomas .Nancey, a fisherman of. South Seattle, was struck by a Nprthern Pacific passen ger train shortly after noon today, about 100 yard3 south of the brewery at George town. The man was walking on the track at the time, and did not seem to heed the whistle. The body was terribly mutilated. The remains were brought to the morgue cere. PREMIUM AS A BONUS SUPREME COURT DECISION BUILDING AND LOAN CASE. JN Not a Guide for Societies Organised on Different Plan Default on an Installment Note. SALEM, Or., Jan. 7. The Supreme Court today handed down decisions In four appealed cases. The most important of these was In the suit brought by the Washington National Building, Loan & Investment Association, appellant, against Hartwell B. Stanley and wife, and W. G. Wright, respondents. The suit was tried in Polk County by Judge H. H. Hewitt, and was decided In favor of the defend ants. This decision Is reversed In an opinion written "by Justice Wolverton. This was a suit to foreclose a mortgage upon real estate. The note which the mort gage was given to secure provides for tho payment of $500 with 6 per cent Interest per annum and 6 per cent premium per annum thereon from date until paid, etc The principal defense was that this ob ligation was usurious and therefore void. On other questions, the Supreme Court holds that for the purposes of this suit the plaintiff Is duly Incorporated and la authorized to transact business In this state, and that the complaint Is sufficient to support a decree In the absence of a demurrer. In discussing the question of usury the court cites the law granting special privi leges to building and loan associations (Session Laws of 1895, page 103), and quotes largely from authorities as to the definition of such an organization. The opinion then continues: "Societies of this description, working under the plan thus defined and outlined, are such as the Legislature had In view when the act was passed authorizing their Incorporation and extending to them pe culiar privileges withheld from other business enterprises. Among these privi leges is one by which a certain premium mn.v be taken from the borrower for the right of securing a loan from the organi zation, without entailing the consequences of practicing usury. As understood by text-writers, this premium Is a 'bonus charged to a stockholder wishing to bor row, -for the privilege of anticipating the ultimate value of his stock, by obtaining the Immediate use of the money his stock will be worth at the winding up.' . . . The significance of the term 'premium,' within the meaning of the law of build ing and loan associations, is a bonus in reality, or a definite, fixed sum agreed upon by the contracting parties. Repre senting, as It does, the conventional dif ference between the par value of the share advanced and the amount actually received by the borrower, It is suscep tible. In theory, at least, of definite and exact ascertainment, and it Is a part and purpose of the scheme that it should be so determined and settled at the out set, and stand for the consideration upon which the loan or advancement Is made. The usual method, and the most satis factory and equitable way of arriving ai the premium to be paid for privilege of obtaining the advancement, Is by a bid ding between the members wanting the accumulated funds, the highest laid, or the one offering the largest premum or bonus, taking tho funds to the amount desired." . In the case Just decided that method was not followed, but the association charged a fixed sum as a premium. The court holds that the contract appears upon Us face to be usurious, and there fore refuses to uphold that portion of if which provides for the 6 per cent premi um. However, the court says that the nw in not rlsar and the- parties to the l contract may have acted in good faith and with the Intention of Keeping witnin the law. For that reason he forfeiture of the money Is not enforced", but a decree of foreclosure Is desired for the principal sum with Interest at 6 per cent, against which the defendants will have a credit of $39 paid upon the stock. Thmuehout the oDlnlon the rules are applied only to this particular case, and may not apply to associations doing busi ness upon a different plan. Thvmns Pnmsrnv". annellant. vs. F. E, Woodward and Martha A. Woodward, re spondents, from Marion County, R. P. Boise. Judge; affirmed. Opinion by Jus tice Wolverton. This was a suit to foreclose a mortgage given to secure the payment of an obliga tion dated September 15, 1S94. whereby the defendants Woodward promised to pay the plaintiff the sum of $1500 In install ments. The suit was instituted May 17, 1899, at which time defendants were In default In the payment of the three In stallments for 1696, 1897 and 189S; but on June. 3. following, they tendered to the plaintiff the full amount of all such In stallments, together with interest there on, and the costs of the suit then ac crued, and took the same Into court, with the answer which was filed a few days later, thus keeping the tender good. It was decreed that the amount due upon the three installments, and the costs of suit up to the date of the tender, be paid to plaintiff: that defendants Woodward recover their costs and disbursements sub sequently incurred, and that the suit be dismissed, from which the plaintiff ap pealed. It was urged that the note and mort gage, having been executed contem poraneously, should be construed together as one Instrument, and that, when so con strued, the entire obligation became due and payable whenever there was a de fault In the payment or any installment, and that a decree of foreclosure should have been entered, notwithstanding the tender of the defaulted payments In the meantime. The reasoning was that the mortgage engrafted upon the obligation a. new condition in effect, that, when an Installment became defaulted, it rendered the entire obligation due .and payable at once; so that, Instead of three installments only being due at tho time of the com mencement of the suit, the whole debt was then due and collectible. The language of the mortgage is that "in case default Is made In the payment of the principal or Interest, as above pro vided, then the party of the second part, his executors, etc. . . . are hereby em powered to sell, . . . and out of the money arising from such sale to retain the said principal and Interest, etc." The Supreme Court says: "We find nothing In this which may be construed into an agreement between the DIGESTION Waits on appetite. Lack of appetite usu ally indicates weak digestion. Hostetter't Stomach Bitters, token before meala, will create & healthy desire for food, by eleansins the clogged bowele and stimu lating the accretion of the stomach. It ilso purifies the blood, strengthens and Invigorates the liver and kidneys. It u undoubtedly the moat efficient 'medldni tn the world for stomach troubles. A private revenue stamp covera the neck of the bottle. HOSTETTER' STOMACH BITTERS Accept No Substitute UNKNOWN ps EAGLE BRAND QNDENSEDftf, SEND'Q AiaiFCnAB00F0 for. DADiuD MOTHERS Borden's Condensed Milk C6.HY THE CONDITION OF THE MOUTH. " I think your powder the very finest thing of the kind lever used. " The liquid is very refreshinsr and cleansing, and I feel sure that if used it would result in a much im proved condition in the mouths of our patients." Sample, 8c. c. TeethsBreath By mall; 25c. and 75c. Hall A Butkel, N. Y. City. parties that the whole obligation shall at once become due and payable by reason of a default in meeting any Installments thereof." William if. Sauers, respondent, vs. James Buchler, et a!., appellants, from Multnomah County, L. B. Stearns, Judge; reversed. Oplnon by Chief Justice Bean. This was a suit to set aside the sale and conveyance by the defendants, James and Jennie Buchler, to their co-defendants, G W. and Eliza A. Ingalls, of cer tain real estate and a stock of drugs and druggist's fixtures In the- City of Sellwood, and to subject such property to the pay ment of a Judgment recdvered by the palntlff against the Buchlers. In the lower court the conveyance was set aside on the ground that It was made for the pur pose of defrauding creditors. The opin ion of the Supreme Court says that "with out entering Into details, it Is sufficent to say that we are Impressed with, the view that It was a bona fide exchange ana transfer, and such a one as the Buohlera could lawfully make and the Ingalls law fully accept." James Gaines, appellant, vs. Spencer Chllders, et al. respondents, from Jack son County. H. K. Hanna. Judge; af firmed. Opinion by Chief Justice Bean. , Morrow Conhty Whent. HEPPNER, Or., Jan. 7. Charles John son has just bought S200 bushols of wheat from B. Klely at 44 cents. This Is one of the largest of recent sales, and about 75,000 bushels have recently been bought along the Heppner Railroad. Mr. John son has kept pretty close track of Mor row County's wheat production this sea son, and says that from the most recent figures obtainable It will total up to 350,000 bushels. There are still several thousand bushels on tho farms that will not bfc hauled until Spring. GRATEFUL COMFORTING Distinguished Everywhere for Delicacy of Fiavor. Superiority In Quality. Grateful and Comforting to tho Nervous or Dyspeptic. Nutritive Qualities Unrivalled. Your Grccsr and Storekeeper sell It. la Half-pound Tint only. . Prepared by JAMES EPPS & CO, Ltd.. HomcBopathic CbemUts, London, England. BREAKFAST SUPPER T wn i Trdhtt WrrirrirriTj 66 V Purest product for cooking ever produced. A sterilized fat from the cocoanut. Try Saratoga Chips fried in w "Delicious!" Ask your grocer for or write India Refining Co. Philadelphia, Pa. Rlair makes Heautifiil Hjomen NBWBRO'S HERPICIDB STASE3 BEAUTIFUL HAIR, because It de stroys tho deadly microbe at work upon the hair roots, thus making dan druff and fallln? hair Impossible, and promoting a thick, luxuriant growth of hah, Increasing the owner's good looks fully 100 pox cent. It win also enra youx father, brother, lraa. baad orcwoelluart otasy ecalpaSacUon tfcoy may haTO, erea baldnra, tor worts Ilka ciinn npoa tbs baldest pates. U4 It yottr. elt, ttea yoa trill fmrer reoomsend It. For Sale at all Flrt-Cbsj Drug Stores. fir- S BORDEN'S PPPS C000A