THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1901,
FARMERSTALKSHOP
Work of Annual Congress of
Western Oregon,
ANGORA GOATS INTHIS COUNTRY
Practical Solution of'the Good Roads
Problem Dalrylnsr, Prune Groiv-
in&r, Co-Operation and Noxious
Weeds Discussed.
SALEM. Or., Jan. 7. The second annual
session of the Oregon Farmers' Congress
convened In the Senate chamber at the
Capitol this afternoon. There was a good
ly attendance of farmers from nearly
every section of "Western Oregon, and all
took a deep Interest In the proceedings.
There -was from the first a spirit of hon
est inquiry after Improved methods of
farming, dairying and stockralsing, and
It Is evident that "the congress -will be
rich In benefits to those who attend.
The meeting was called to order by
President W. H. "Wehrung. He introduced
Frank Davey, who delivered an address
of welcome. Mr. Davey stated In his
brief address that Salem is particularly
appropriate as a place for the holding of
the Oregon Farmers Congress, for the
reason that it is located in the center
of one of the richest agricultural sections
of the state, and Its financial well-being
depends largely upon the prosperity of
those who are engaged in agricultural
enterprises. Because of the deep Interest
the people of Salem have In all that per
tains to the success ot the farming
classes, they welcome and encourage any
and all meetings which have for their
object the upbuilding of her primary in
dustries. Mr. Davey emphasized the necessity for
more Intelligent farming, saying that the
shiftless methods of the past will no long
er bring the desired results. And while
more Intelligent method Is the great de
sideratum, no better means of accom
plishing this end can be found than the
holding of such meetings as the annual
session of the farmers' congress. As
workers of every class are organizing In
order to promote their mutual Interest,
the farmers must do the same, and work
In unity for legislation and other needs
of the agricultural classes.
Angora Goats In United State.
Following the address of welcome, H.
M. Williamson, of Portland, read a paper
on "The Angora Goat in the United
States." His paper was as follows:
"The first Angora goats In the United
States ere Imported by Dr. James B.
Davis, of South Carolina, In 1849. Dr.
Davis was sent to Turkey by President
Polk, at the request of the Sultan, to
Introduce the culture of cotton by mod
ern methods In that country. It has long
been generally believed that the Angora
goats which Dr. Davis brought to this
country were presented to him by the
Sultan as a remarkable token of his ap
preciative esteem. In his recent book, "A
New Industry." Colonel "William L. Black,
of Texas, shows that this current account
of the manner In which Dr. Davis ac
quired the goats Is a myth. The Sultan
expressed his esteem in the form of cash.
Dr. Davis does not appear to have held
Angora goats In high esteem, and did not
Intend to buy Angora goats when he pur
chased those he brought to this country.
He supposed the goats he brought were
from somewhere In the 'center of Asia,
and he paid a big expense bill for getting
them to Constantinople. He never be
lieved they were Angora goats, but al
ways called them Cashmere goats, with
the exception of one ewe, which he called
n Thibet shawl goat, and which was prob
ably in reality a Cashmere goat. It may
be accepted as a fact that Dr. Davis
landed in this country In ISO eight An
gora goats of more than ordinary excel
lence and one Cashmere goat. "Within the
next five years he sold a number ot the
offspring of these goats at $1000 per head,
and In 1S55 Colonel Richard Peters bought
nt that price all of his pure-bred Angora
flock. Colonel Peters subsequently made
two importations of Angora goats, aggre
gating 10 or 11 head.
"William "W. Chenery, of Boston, made
an Importation of Angora goats in 1S64,
but these goats wore so badly affected
with scab that they all died soon after
they were landed. Mr. Chenery made an
other Importation of about 20 head in 1SG8,
and a third importation of a like number
in 1867. In 1S70, Brown & Dlehl landed 1S5
Angora goats.
"In 1S70 or 1871. Mr. A. Eutechldes, an
Armenian merchant and goat-raiser of
Oregon, who had a son living In Califor
nia, brought over about 100 head.
"In 1S76, John S. Harris, of the then
firm of Hall & Harris, of California,
reached home from Turkey with 12 head
of Angoras. Mr. Harris was an expe
rienced breeder of Angora goats before
he went after those, but was misled by
the name Cashmere, which was commonly
applied to Angoras up to that time in
this country, and first went all the way
, to Thibet In order to secure goats at head
quarters. He then found that the Cash
mere goat of Thibet was a wholly dis
tinct goat from the Angora. Finally, In
the dead of "Winter he reached the home
of the goat In Angora, Turkey, when he
carefully selected his goats, and n spite
of almost Insuperable difficulties reached
Constantinople with them in safety, and
In due course of time, California. By the
time the goats had reached their nevr
home they had coast a little over $100
each. About 1876, an English ship captain
took a pair of Angoras from Turkey to
Galveston, Tex., and sold them to Colonel
"W. D. Parish, of San Antonio. It Is also
reported that Colonel Stiles, of Georgia,
made an Importation of eight head Just
before the war.
"This completos the list of Importa
tions of Angora goats from Turkey. Five
head were Imported from South Africa in
1886 by Fink & Hoerle. of Texas. C P.
Bailey, of California, Imported two bucks
from South Africa in 1883, and one in 1899.
It appears, then, that all the Angora
blood found in our flocks in the United
States traces back to less than 300 ani
mals.
"Angora goats were Introduced on the
Pacific Coast by William M. Landrum,
then of California, but now of Texas. He
bought two bucks of Colonel Peters and
took them across the plains to California
In 1860. One of these bucks was the cele
brated "Billy Atlanta," of which 'Colonel
Peters said: 'He "won the sweepstake
prize against all competition at even fair
to the one preceding his death.' There
are very few goats in Oregon In which
there is not a trace of Billy Atlanta's
blood. '
"Interest In Angora goats soon centered
In California to such an extent that by
far the greater part of all the goats Im
ported to the United States found their
Ty to that state, as well as the larger
part of Colonel Peters stock of pure
!)reas. In 186S Colonel Peters eentabout
25 head of his pure-bred goats to Cali
fornia, 17 head going to Landrum. But
terflcld & Son. In 1872, Landruxn & Rog
ers bought all of Colonel Peters' flock
which were under the age of 8 years. Of
the Chenery Importation of 20 goats In
1866 William M. Landrum bought nine
head, and C. P. Bailey two. for which he
paid $500 per head. Mr. Landman also
bought one of the goats imported by
Chenery in 1857. Nearly all of the Brown
Jc Dlehl Importation went to California,
C P Ballev being one of the leading pur
chasers. The Eutechldes goats were sold
at auction In California.
"From the time of the first Importation
down to 1879 or 18S0 pure-bred Angora
goats sold at from $200 to $1000 per head.
A number of pure-bred Angoras "were
brought to Oregon about 1S70 -which cost j
from $150 per head upwards. About 1S0
Interest In Angora goats subsided, and
prices of' pure-breds dropped. Mr. Lan
drum removed from California to Texas
with his flock. Mr. Harris found in Ida
ho a new home, where climatic condi
tions were quite similar to those In An
gora. Turkey. From that time until with
in the past three years the prices which
ownersof Angora goats have been willing
to pay for bucks were not large enough
to be very encouraging to breeders.
A renewed demand has arisen for good
bucks, however, and prices are again be
coming remunerative to breeders. A new
generation of breeders is coming into the
field to take up the work so well begun
by the pioneers, and there is a great work
yet to be done to bring up the standard
of our mohair so that it will equal that
of Turkey. At present, probably not 1
per cent of the mohair of this country
equals average Turkish mohair. We have
far the best breeders, but the Turks have
the advantage of a great deal more pure
blood in their goats. The more univer
sally the goat-owners of this country use
pure-bred sires the sooner the quality of
our mohair will come up to that of Tur
key. "Oregon is specially fortunate in hav
ing higher-graded goats than any other
state in which the Industry is largely
developed, with the possible exception of
California. It is also fortunate In having
climatic conditions and foods which ena
ble us to produce to advantage a lustrous
mohair of a full year's growth. There
are good reasons why Oregon should be
the leading state of the Union in the
production of mohair, both as to quality
and quantity."
This paper formed the foundation for a
discussion in which a large number of
the farmers present took part. The dis
cussion took a broad range, but covering
principally the economic value of the
Angora goat. Briefly stated, the expe
rience of all seemed to be that the Angora
goat may be depended upon to produce
revenue from three sources by yielding
hair, by clearing land and by furnishing
meat. Questions on the suitability of Ann
gora goats for meat brought out the as
sertion that goat meat Is sold as veal or
mutton to those who cannot tell the dif
ference. Henry B. Thlelsen insisted that
the demand for female Angora goats In
other states must not be filled by exporta
tion from Oregon, for sending these ani
mals out of the state Is virtually "killing
the goose that laid the golden egg." In
answer to a question, Mr. Williamson said
that the best evidence of the profit that
may be realized upon Angora goats is the
demand for the animals and the high
prices that tire paid.
Following the discussion, George W.
Weeks, the Howell "Valley dairyman,
read an Interesting paper upon "The Silo;
How to Build and How to Fill." The pa
per was given an extended discussion as
to details of building a silo.
Good Roads.
No subject presented during the day re
ceived closer attention than "Good
Roads," the consideration of which was
led by a paper written by Secretary Hen
ry B. Thlelsen, of Salem. This paper was
as follows:
"While Oregon remained a state where
only the one staple crop of wheat was
raised, and this crop was deposited in the
various warehouses along the lines of
river and railroad transportation, the
greater part of the farm hauling could be
don before the beginning of the Fall
rainB and it was possible to endure the
discomforts of the semi-annual change
from deep dust to still deeper mud. and
back again with some degree of equan
imity, as the actual amount of necessary
hauling over Winter roads was compara
tively small. Now, however, diversified
farming has come to stay, with Its tend
ency towards smaller farms and denser
country population; and more people In
the country brings its inevitable corol
lary of more people in the city.
"The mutual necessities of town and
country, for the town must be fed and
warmed and the country must be clothed,
Involve a constantly Increasing travel be
tween the two, that does not cease as
of old with the advent of Winter rains.
Under these new conditions the tax of
effort and wear and tear upon man, beast
and vehicle, where five are required to do
the work that should be performed by
one. Is becoming Intolerable.
"It Is generally acknowledged that our
present system. If It can be called a sys
tem, la Inadequate to the task of mak
ing our highways equal to the constantly
Increasing demands coming upon them,
and the question of how to do this with
out imposing too grlevious a tax upon
ourselves or our posterity invites our
most earnest consideration.
"I venture the assertion that no other
enterprise of equal magnitude or com
mensurate importance la now carried on
with the same amount of wasted effort
and lack of intelligent direction as char
acterizes every department of location,
construction and maintenance of our pub
lic roads. New roads are laid out with
ordinarily greater effort to prevent tres
passing upon accidental property lines
than in the endeavor to locate the road
where it will serve as the most direct
artery of future travel upon the line of
least resistance as to gradients, forget
ting that every vehicle with Its load has
to be lifted over every hill, and that In
all probability the farmer himself, for
whose convenience the road was divert
ed from Its proper location, will waste
more energy in the course of a year than
.will be compensated by the greater con
venience for a few days In cultivating- and
harvesting a more symmetrical field.
"After the road Is located it is then
built and maintained by men having
practically no knowledge of how to do
either, each supervisor being absolute
In his own district, free to tear up what
his predecessor has constructed, if he
chooses, and he only too often does so
choose.
"Imagine the result If a railroad should
be constructed in the same manner, each
engineer being allowed to build his divi
sion according to his individual Ideas of
proper grades and curves. Carry the
parallel still further, for these engineers
have at least been trained In their busi
ness, and allow each foreman to build
such a mile of road as he chooses! What
sort of a railroad would be the result?
It Is only long familiarity with the con
ditions that prevail In road building that
blind us to their absurdity.
"We citizens of the Wobfoot State are
rather noted for insisting upon learning
through our own experience, when oft
times we could acquire our knowledge at
much less cost by using the experience
of others. A celebrated painter upon be
ing onoe asked how he mixed his paints
answered, 'with brains. About the first
thing we must acknowledge In facing the
problem before us. Is that the work of
constructing a homogeneous system of
good roads through the state must be
under Intelligent supervision. A very
meritorious bill before the last Legis
lature provided for the appointment by
the Governor of a competent state en
gineer of Toads. This bill failed because
of the suspicion that this was a graft,
our legislators not seeing that any Intel
ligent form In our road work must have
a competent head to direct. In every
state where real progress has been made
In road building, the direction has been
vested in a state engineer, or a commis
sion consisting of one or more individuals
who are competent for the work. Hence,
my contention that there must be a cen
tral head to our reform.
"There should be also In each county a
competent man in charge of roads and
bridges, under whose direction the dis
trict supervisors shall do their work.
"Under intelligent supervision much
more could be accomplished even with the
present system of working out our road
taxes than now results; in fact, much
has been accomplished in some counties
where the work has been put under one
competent head.
"Each county thus being under one head
and these again working under a state
head, would afford an organization com
petent to build a system of good roads
whenever the Legislature enacts the
proper laws to carry out the work.
"I myself am not in favor of the en
actment of a bonding law that will leave
a legacy of Indebtedness to our poster
ity but rather la the economical ex-
penditure of so much money and labor
as we can afford, paying as we go. In
this connection I would suggest to you
that in the same manner as the payment
of a portion of the principal of a debt
makes it easier to pay the balance by
reducing the Interest, so every mile of
permanent road built allows the labor
saved In the maintenance of this mile to
be applied to the building of other perma
nent miles, thus like the snowball that
grows as it rolls, the ability to build
grows with each mile constructed.
"More than half of the states of the
Union have passed laws looking to the
comprehensive building of permanent
roads. Some of these have proved more
satisfactory than others, though all have
accomplished much.
"Of those states which have passed sat
isfactory laws, I would Instance New
Jersey, which in 1891 passed a law pro
viding that where the owners of the land
abutting on any public road not less than
a mile in length should petition for the
Improvement of the road, agreeing to pay
10 per cent of the cost, the county shall
build the road, and if the same, when
completed, Is up to the standard fixed by
the State Commissioner of Public Roads,
then one-third of the cost shall be de
frayed by the state, and the remainder
by the county. The expenditure of the
state for such work Is limited in any one
year to $150,000, which makes a possible
expenditure in one year of $450,000 by state,
and counties, 'no county being permitted
under the provisions of this law to re
ceive state aid upon roads upon which,
the county expenditure Is more than Vl of
1 per cent of the assessed valuation. Av
eraging the cost of such Improvements at
$S000 per mile, 150 mlle3 per year may be
built.
"Undef this law, 10 miles of road were
built in 1892, 60 miles In 1893, and since 1895
the applications for new roads have been
far in excess of the limit prescribed by
law.
"These roads at first cost about $6000
per mile, but now, owing principally to
the use of Improved labor-saving machin
ery, this has been reduced to about $3000.
The farmers at first were bitterly op
posed to the law, but are now equally
enthusiastic in Its favor.
"A number of other states have copied
after this law with more or less varia
tion, notably Massachusetts, Rhode Isl
and, Connecticut, New York and Califor
nia, but this system seems to be meet
ing with much favor.
"A few years since, during a visit to
Northern Germany, I was deeply Interest
ed In the manner of building and main
taining their splendid roads, and was
greatly encouraged as to our own pros
pects for obtaining similar luxuries, when
I learned that these had all been built
within the third of a century that this
part of the country has belonged to Prus
sia. These roads were located skillfully.
and Intelligently constructed. Although
the country Is more rolling than the Wil
lamette Valley, I did not see a hill on
any road up which one good horso could
not draw a load of 50 bushels of wheat
with ease. The universal use of wide
tires reduces the wear to a minimum, and
it is marvelous to see how many miles
of road one laborer can keep in perfect
repair.
"While upon this subject I would say
that In my Judgment no road in the Wil
lamette Valley, no matter how well con
structed, can be maintained at reasonable
expense, except with the universal use of
wide tires, owing to the fact that all our
gravel, as well as our broken stone, is of
basaltic rock, which, while hard lacks
toughness, and breaks easily under the
shock of a heaw load.
"From frequent personal observation, I
know th an ordinarily tired farm wagon
loaded with 50 bushels of wheat will rare
ly travel over 25 yards of road without
crushing at least one gravel stone. This
explains why our gravel roads wear out
so quickly.
"Much more might be added to show
what has been accomplished In other
states, but this will suffice as a peg to
bans' a discussion upon which will, I hope,
be profitable."
In the discussion which followed, Mr.
Thlelsen said that he attributed the poor
roads of Oregon to the lack of system.
He described a road which he saw In
Germany upon which one horse could haul
50 bushels of wheat with ease. He esti
mated the cost of roads like this at from
$3000 to $10,000 perimile, according to the
distance tho material must be hauled. He
emphasized the need of general oversight
of road building by some man who is
thoroughly familiar with the requisites
of a good road. The New Jersey law met
his special approval because it leaves the
matter of securing good roads to the de
cision of each community. Those com
munities which want good roads can se
cure them, while there Is no law com
pelling the building of roads where tho
people do not want them.
In the discussion there were some who
advocated the Issuing of bonds for the
purpose of raising money with which to
build permanent roads, thus lessening the
Immediate burden and distributing the
cost so that all those who receive the
benefits will bear their share of the bur
den. Other Subjects Discussed.
Following the discussion of roadbulld
Ing, Judge T. L. Davidson read a paper
on the subject, "Does It Pay to Grow
French Pink and Dog Fennel?"
At the evening session the following
subjects were discussed: "Up-to-Date
Dairying," Dr. James WIthycombe;
"What France Can Teach Oregon About
Prunes," Professor Lake; "Value of the
State Fair to the Producer," George L.
Rees; "Co-operation Among Producers,"
Tllmon Ford. All these subjects were
handled In an able manner, and extended
reports will appear later.
The election of officers will occur tomor
row morning, and tho session will be con
cluded In the afternoon.
ASTORIA'S COUNCIL COMMITTEES.
Appointed by Mayor, Who Deferred
Annual Address for a Month.
ASTORIA, Or., Jan. 7. The annual
meeting of the Common Council was held
at noon today, and all the newly elected
city officers were formally seated. A reso
lution was passed directing that the regu
lar meetings of the Council for the year
1901 be held the first and third Mondays
of each month, except that the first regu
lar meeting shall be held Friday, January
1L Mayor Bergman announced that his
annual message would not be presented
until the next meeting. He then appoint
ed the standing committees to serve dur
ing the ensuing year, as follows:
Ways and means Scherneckan, Brlx
and Parker.
Health and police Brlx, Cook and Utz
Inger. Streets and public ways Utzlnger,
Agren and Cook.
Fire and water Hansen, Wright and
Svenson.
Public property Parker, Wright and
Hansen.
Wharves and water-frontage Svenson,
Agren and Scherneckan.
The Ilwaco football team visited Fort
Stevens yesterday and played a game
with the team made up of enlisted men
there. The soldiers won tho game by a
score of 10 to 0.
.Perjury Charge Dismissed.
SEATTLE, Wash., Jan 7. Six out of
nine citizens of South Bend, Wash., who
were charged with perjury in the Federal
Court, for proving up valuable timber
lands as homesteads and then selling the
timber to mill companies, were discharged
by Judge Hanford today, and the other
three were released on bonds. This is the
second time tho men have been In
dicted, as the indictments in the first case
were defective.
Rampart Said to Be Booming?.
SEATTLE, Wash., Jan. 7. The first
news from Rampart this Winter shows
that district to be booming. All of the
creeks are looking well, and Big Manook
Is coming to the front with a rush, ac
cording to the Forum. On Ruby Creek
near Big Manook, John Folger panned
JS3 in three days last August.
Van Camp's Soups, 10c
REFORM SCHOOL WORK
SHOWING MADE IN BIENNIAL RE
POUT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
Force of Employes" Cut Down
Though Number of Boys Increased
State School for the Blind.
SALEM, Or., Jan. 7. The biennial re
port of Superintendent H". E. Bickers, of
the State Reform School, was filed with
the Board of Trustees today, and ap
proved. The general report is in brief
as follows:
"I am pleased to be able to state that
the school has made good progress during
the term, notwithstanding the fact that
its means were below the absolute .re
quirements, that Its force of employes was
cut down to meet the conditions of vu de
pleted appropriation, so that Its working
capacity has been seriously crippled, and
that the demands' upon the school have
been far greater than during any other
period of its hlptory. So far as discipline
among the pupils and harmony among
the employes are concerned, they have
been entirely satisfactory. There has
been no se ere physical punishment of pu
pils resorted to. We insist upon and en
force discipline and observance of rules,
and we punish violators of either in a
firm and humane way.
"There is a .growlpg and widespread de
mand from various parts of the state for
some suitable means of caring for the
moral and intellectual welfare of way
ward girls, who have no adequate home
influences, and I believe the time has
come for Oregon to make the necessary
provision. The law, as It already exists,
contemplates the making' of these pro
visions. This Is a boys' and girls' reform
school,' but no girls have been received,
because there are no suitable accommo
dations. These can be furnished by a
separate building, for which I now ask
an appropriation of $10,000,
"During the past two years we have es
established a library for the school, which
now contains about 300 volumes, for the
greater number of which wo are indebted
to the following kind donors: First Pres
byterian Church, Portland; American
Sunday School Tract Union, by Rev. W.
R..Winans," Salem; Mrs. C. B. Wade and
the Laaies Parliamentary Club, Pendle
ton; Mrs. iM. R. Andrews. Portland: Mrs
Helen Corbett, Portland-; 'Mrs. Thomas N.
Strong, Mrs. E. Quackenbush, Mrs. E. C.
Prptzman, William M. Ladd, Thornton
Ladd, Portland. The boys take a deep
interest in this addition to our resources;
they spend their evenings In the library
studying subjects In which they feel the
deepest interest, and we aim to have only
the cleanest material to lay before them.
"Tho appropriation for the past biennial
period was totally inadequate. Even with
uie .greatest economy In all departments
was found Impossible to conduct the
school within the amount given, conse
quently there will be found a total de
ficiency of $13,784 15. The appropriation of
$35,000 made by the Legislature pf 1899 was
only about one-half of the amount usually
appropriated, hence it will be seen that
much outlay -will be needed during the
next biennial term by reason of things
necessarily neglected during the closing
term. I believe the following amounts
win be required for the next two years:
General maintenance ...- $33,000 00
Repairs, painting, fugitive fund,
salaries of Industrial teachers,
lighting, books, furniture, etc.. 26,000 CO
New kitchen building ....'. 5,000 00
New pumping station 5,000 00
Girls' department 10,000 00
Library and amusement fund 500 CO
Deficit last term 13,734 15
Total $98,234 15
The number of boys at the beginning of
tne biennial term was $9, There are now
131 enrolled, the average daily attendance
being 113. The total expenditures for the
term were $48,734 15, of which $35,574 S9 was
for general malntenance,-$10,429 73 for Im
provements, and $2729 43 for lighting. The
per capita cost per year was $21 63, or
$1 88 per month.
Since tho Institution wag established 443
boya have been received from the follow
ing counties:
Baker 12Llnn , 29
Benton
Malheur 3
Marion 41
Clackamas 17
Clatsop 21
Columbia , 4
Coos 2
Curry 1
Morrow 2
Multnomah 118
Pojk 10
Sherman 1
Tillamook 1
Umatilla 20
Union 9
Wallowa 1
Wasco 20
Washington ....... 13
Douglas 26
Gilliam 3
Grant .,., 2
iiarney
Jacxson 15
Josephine 14
K.iamatn
. wneeier a... ..
Lake llYamhlll 24
Lane 24
Lincoln .'.. 2 Total 443
-State School for Blind.
The biennial report of Superintendent J.
L. Carter, of the State School for the
Blind, shows that during the term Just
closed 34 pupils have' been enrolled, the
present attendance being 20. The expen
ditures during the term were as follows:
Salaries , $ 7,972 28
Medical attendance and drugs... 218 45
Wood and water 4.349 00
Groceries and provisions 3,043 '51
Dry goods and furniture 384 02
Hardware, repairs and teaming.. 604 69
Miscellaneous 834 35
Total general expense $14,406 20
Electric lighting 1,482 60
Improvements, typewriters and
piano 1,689 80
Grand total 517.578 60
On the subject of cost per capita the
reoort says:
"The annual cost per capita during the
past two years, not considering the cost
of electric lighting, has been $277. If we
include the electric lighting, which is pro
vided under contract with the state, and
which Is generally considered to be great
ly In excess of what It should be, the cost
per capita would be $306. In a small
school, the cost per capita Is necessarily
greater than In a large one. While the
cost per capita In this school is greater
than in some states, it Is, however, less
than in others. The annual cost per
capita in the California school for the deaf
and blind last year, was $274. In the
Pennsylvania school it was $301."
In his general report Superintendent
Carter states that the conduct of a ma
jority of the pupils has been commend
able, but says that In the enforcement of
rules In some cases dissatisfaction has
been expressed by some. He recommends
that a full investigation of such cases be
made by the board, should they deem it
necessary.
It Is also stated that the pupils are being
given special Instruction In the work of
net-weaving, the object being to tram tne
blind children in work that cannot be
dono by machinery. More work along
the line cf manual training- is being done
in the bchool, In accordance with the rec
ommendation of a committee composed of
Professor French, of Monmouth, and Pro
fessor Ressler, of Eugene, appointed by
the Board of Education to Inspect the
state schools at Salem.
Superintendent Carter recommends an
appropriation of $16,000 for maintenance
and electric lighting, and $2500 for im
provements Penitentiary for the Quarter.
The report of Superintendent J. D. Lee,
of the penitentiary, for the quarter end
ing December 31, shows earnings to- the
amount of $2760 SO, and expenditures to
the amount of $15,794 1L Of the expendi
tures. $4460 was for salaries, and S65S7 66
for work on the new wing. The number
of Convicts at the close of last cuarter
was 273, and at the close of this quar
ter,x278. Tne Text-Boole Commission.
Governor Geer today received messages
that H. W. Scott, o Portland, and P. I
Campbell, of Monmouth, have accepted
their appointments as members of tho
text-book commission. Three of the ap
pointees, Messrs. Scott, Campbell and
Ladd. have now accepted the appoint
ments, and Messrs. Colvlg and Lowell
have not been heard from. Governor
Geer has written Judge Lowell another
letter, supplementary to the one in which
he conveyed the appointment, and urging
Judge Lowell to reconsider his declina
tion and accept the appointment.
Eola Not Satisfied.
Justice of the Peace D. J. Holmes, of
Eola, says that the residents of his neigh
borhood are circulating a petition asking
that the postofHce at Eola be not dis
continued. It was announced that upon
the Inauguration of the free rural delivery
system, one route of which passed through
Eola, the office would be Abolished. The
Eola people are dissatisfied with this plan,
because they get an earlier and better
service by means of the postofflce. The
rural delivery carriers leave Salem at 8
o'clock in the morning, and cover the hill
road to Oak Grove before reaching Eola.
The mall wagon from Salem to Eola leaves
at 12 o'clock, thus carrying the mail that
comes from the north at 11 o'clock. Mr.
Holmes says that If the office should be
discontinued, the Eola people would get
a large part of their mall, including the
Morning Oregcnlan, a day late.
A VOICE FROM ASTORIA.
A More or Less Amuslnsr and Shock
Ins Example of Philistinism.
Astoria Herald.
Rev. Edgar P. Hill, of Portland, Is a
sky pilot. He is advertised as a Christian.
In reality he Is a sensational preacher
and is seeking notoriety. The Presby
terian church of Portland Is not a relig
ious organization. It Is composed of a
crowd of political ward strikers, where
wealth and the ability to chip In to the
contribution box are paramount to be
lieving In Jesus Christ and Him cruci
fied. This seasatlonal scandal-monger
recently preached a sermon In which he
criticised the Police Commissioners and
District Attorney of Portland for an
order made last July requiring gamblers
to pay a license. Since July the gamblers
have paid over $25,000 Into the treasury
of Portland. Gambling has existed In
Portland since John Jacob Astor had his
hide .factory near Fort George a( the
mouth of the Columbia. It always will
exist. Rev. Edgar P. Hill does not pay
one cent of taxes, contributes nothing to
the support of Portland, yet he wants
the gambling license revoked In the inter
est of morality. Hill's congregation
thinks nothing of conducting a fair In
which fish ponds, raffles and other gam
bling devices are used to increase the
revenues of the church and Incidentally
pay his salary. This Is all done under
the cloak of religion, and teaches the
younger members tho art and fascination
of gambling. Rev. Edgar P. Hill, of the
Presbyterian church of Portjand, Is a
Christian bigot of the vintage of '49. He
is a firm believer In the old Blue Laws of
Connecticut, that a man ought to be put
to death for kissing his wlfo on Sunday.
His religious belief Is subservient to the
amount of his salary. If he is a Christian
and an expounder of the Gospel, hell will
be full of such Christians, with their
leg3 sticking out of the windows. Gam
bling exists In Portland and will con
tinue to exist, notwithstanding the vis
ionary theories of Rev. Edgar P. Hill.
This same Hill Is the one who preached
a sermon on Representative Curtis, of
this county, in his church two years ago.
and afterwards admitted that he had
made a mistake. He Is a crank of the
worst kind and only takes a hand In
politics for the graft there is in it. Port
land and the Christian religion would be
better off if Rev. Edgar P. Hill were
shoveling brimstone and blue vitriol in
the Infernal regions. If Edgar P. Hill
ever enters the Kingdom of Heaven, then
we prefer to reside In Gehenna.
PLANS FOR ANNEXATION.
"Washington Said to Want the Idaho
"Fnnuandle."
SPOKANE. Wash., Jan. 7. Plans are
being formed here to secure the annexa-
tlon of the northern part of Idaho to the
State of Washington. State Representa
tive H. D. Merritt is planning to bring
this project before the Legislature at Its
coming session. The purpose Is to add to
this state the entire region known as
the "Panhandle," lying north of the 46th
parallel, which is In the southern boun
dary of Washington. This would Include
Kootenai, Shoshone, Latah and Nez
Perces, and partof Idaho County, taking
In all of the famous Coeur d'Alene silver-lead
mining dlstrlot, as well as most
of the rich Clearwater gold fields.
The plan Is received with enthusiasm
here, and Northern Idaho hap In the past
voted In favor of such annexation by an
overwhelming majority. It Is argued that
Southern Idaho would now consent be
cause of lack of railway connection be
tween the two parts of the state and es
pecially because of the great expense re
sulting from the mining riots In the Coeur
d'Alene district and two years of martial
law.
Quotations of Mining: Stocks,
SPOKANE, Jan. 7. Tho ciostns bids
mining- stocks today were:
for
Blacktall ,104
Butte & Boston.... 1
Crystal 4
Deer Trail Con 2
Evening Star 5
Gold Ledge VA
I. X. L 1&
Iron Maak 34
Lone PJne Burp.... 6
Mountain Lion ....31
Morning Glory 7VJ
Morrison 3V4
Qullp 23
Rambler Cariboo. ..28
Republic 58
Reservation 4
Rosaland Giant 2
Sullivan 12u,
Tom Thumb 13
Waterloo 2J4
American Boy 6i
Conjecture , 3
Dewey 2
Miller Creek 2
Flag-Mil 1
Princess Maud .... 1
SAN FRANCISCO. Jan 7. The official clos
ing quotations for mining stocks today were:
Alta. SO 00!
Justice $0 03
Mexican 54
Occidental Con ... 7
Ophlr 1 05
Overman 18
Potosl 21
ravage 24
Beg, Belcher 4
Sierra Nevada ... 50
Silver Hill 01
Alpha Con 3
Andes 12
Belcher IB
Rest & Belcher... 37
RulIIon 4
Caledonia 08
Challensre Con ... 21
m.Oi.o 91
Confidence 50
Con. Cal. & va
2 703tandard .., 3 60
Crown Point
iu union won aa
3ould & Curry...
Rale & Norcross.
70 Utah Con
201 fellow Jacket
NEW TORK. Jan,
7. Mining stocks today
closed as follows
Adams Con
Allen
.$0 20,
Little Chief $0 16
Ontario 0 75
Ophlr 00
Phoenix 10
Potosl ..t 15
Savage 20
Sierra Nevada ... 35
Small Hopes 65
Standard 3 60
Breece 2.00
Brunswick Con .. F22
Comstock Tunnel. 4
Con Cal. & Va... 2 25
Dead wood Ttrra. 55
Horn Sliver 1 10
Iron S lver 63
Leadville Con .... 0
BOSTON, Jan. 7. Closing quotations:
Adventure $10 00
Allouez M. Co.. 3 00
Amal. Copper.. 91 75
Atlantic 28 00
Humboldt ....... CO 00
Osceola 83 00
Parrott 49 50
Qulncy 173 00
Boston & M ... 311 00
Santa Fe Cop... a oo
Butte & Boston 78 00 Tamarack 330 00
Cal. & Hecla... 835 OOlUtnh Mining ... 82 12
Centennial .... 23 501 Winona 5 75
Franklin 18 00 Wolverines 48 60
Bid.
Clark County Fruitpro-rrera.
VANCOUVER, Wash.. Jan. 7. At a
meeting of the Clark County Fruitgrow
ers' Association Saturday evening the
question of the advisability of the Clark
County growers identifying themselves as
a body with the Northwest Fruitgrowers
Association was the chief topic under dis
cussion. The sentiment of a majority of
the members present: was strongly against
such action, and a resolution favoring
the maintenance of an independent or
ganization in Clark County was adopted.
Killed by a Train.
SEATTLE, Wash., Jan. 7. Thomas
.Nancey, a fisherman of. South Seattle,
was struck by a Nprthern Pacific passen
ger train shortly after noon today, about
100 yard3 south of the brewery at George
town. The man was walking on the track
at the time, and did not seem to heed the
whistle. The body was terribly mutilated.
The remains were brought to the morgue
cere.
PREMIUM AS A BONUS
SUPREME COURT DECISION
BUILDING AND LOAN CASE.
JN
Not a Guide for Societies Organised
on Different Plan Default on
an Installment Note.
SALEM, Or., Jan. 7. The Supreme
Court today handed down decisions In
four appealed cases. The most important
of these was In the suit brought by the
Washington National Building, Loan &
Investment Association, appellant, against
Hartwell B. Stanley and wife, and W. G.
Wright, respondents. The suit was tried
in Polk County by Judge H. H. Hewitt,
and was decided In favor of the defend
ants. This decision Is reversed In an
opinion written "by Justice Wolverton.
This was a suit to foreclose a mortgage
upon real estate. The note which the mort
gage was given to secure provides for tho
payment of $500 with 6 per cent Interest
per annum and 6 per cent premium per
annum thereon from date until paid, etc
The principal defense was that this ob
ligation was usurious and therefore void.
On other questions, the Supreme Court
holds that for the purposes of this suit
the plaintiff Is duly Incorporated and la
authorized to transact business In this
state, and that the complaint Is sufficient
to support a decree In the absence of a
demurrer.
In discussing the question of usury the
court cites the law granting special privi
leges to building and loan associations
(Session Laws of 1895, page 103), and
quotes largely from authorities as to the
definition of such an organization. The
opinion then continues:
"Societies of this description, working
under the plan thus defined and outlined,
are such as the Legislature had In view
when the act was passed authorizing their
Incorporation and extending to them pe
culiar privileges withheld from other
business enterprises. Among these privi
leges is one by which a certain premium
mn.v be taken from the borrower for the
right of securing a loan from the organi
zation, without entailing the consequences
of practicing usury. As understood by
text-writers, this premium Is a 'bonus
charged to a stockholder wishing to bor
row, -for the privilege of anticipating the
ultimate value of his stock, by obtaining
the Immediate use of the money his stock
will be worth at the winding up.' . . .
The significance of the term 'premium,'
within the meaning of the law of build
ing and loan associations, is a bonus in
reality, or a definite, fixed sum agreed
upon by the contracting parties. Repre
senting, as It does, the conventional dif
ference between the par value of the
share advanced and the amount actually
received by the borrower, It is suscep
tible. In theory, at least, of definite and
exact ascertainment, and it Is a part
and purpose of the scheme that it should
be so determined and settled at the out
set, and stand for the consideration upon
which the loan or advancement Is made.
The usual method, and the most satis
factory and equitable way of arriving ai
the premium to be paid for privilege of
obtaining the advancement, Is by a bid
ding between the members wanting the
accumulated funds, the highest laid, or
the one offering the largest premum or
bonus, taking tho funds to the amount
desired." .
In the case Just decided that method
was not followed, but the association
charged a fixed sum as a premium. The
court holds that the contract appears
upon Us face to be usurious, and there
fore refuses to uphold that portion of if
which provides for the 6 per cent premi
um. However, the court says that the
nw in not rlsar and the- parties to the
l contract may have acted in good faith
and with the Intention of Keeping witnin
the law. For that reason he forfeiture of
the money Is not enforced", but a decree
of foreclosure Is desired for the principal
sum with Interest at 6 per cent, against
which the defendants will have a credit
of $39 paid upon the stock.
Thmuehout the oDlnlon the rules are
applied only to this particular case, and
may not apply to associations doing busi
ness upon a different plan.
Thvmns Pnmsrnv". annellant. vs. F. E,
Woodward and Martha A. Woodward, re
spondents, from Marion County, R. P.
Boise. Judge; affirmed. Opinion by Jus
tice Wolverton.
This was a suit to foreclose a mortgage
given to secure the payment of an obliga
tion dated September 15, 1S94. whereby the
defendants Woodward promised to pay
the plaintiff the sum of $1500 In install
ments. The suit was instituted May 17,
1899, at which time defendants were In
default In the payment of the three In
stallments for 1696, 1897 and 189S; but on
June. 3. following, they tendered to the
plaintiff the full amount of all such In
stallments, together with interest there
on, and the costs of the suit then ac
crued, and took the same Into court, with
the answer which was filed a few days
later, thus keeping the tender good. It
was decreed that the amount due upon
the three installments, and the costs of
suit up to the date of the tender, be paid
to plaintiff: that defendants Woodward
recover their costs and disbursements sub
sequently incurred, and that the suit be
dismissed, from which the plaintiff ap
pealed. It was urged that the note and mort
gage, having been executed contem
poraneously, should be construed together
as one Instrument, and that, when so con
strued, the entire obligation became due
and payable whenever there was a de
fault In the payment or any installment,
and that a decree of foreclosure should
have been entered, notwithstanding the
tender of the defaulted payments In the
meantime. The reasoning was that the
mortgage engrafted upon the obligation a.
new condition in effect, that, when an
Installment became defaulted, it rendered
the entire obligation due .and payable at
once; so that, Instead of three installments
only being due at tho time of the com
mencement of the suit, the whole debt
was then due and collectible.
The language of the mortgage is that
"in case default Is made In the payment of
the principal or Interest, as above pro
vided, then the party of the second part,
his executors, etc. . . . are hereby em
powered to sell, . . . and out of the
money arising from such sale to retain
the said principal and Interest, etc." The
Supreme Court says:
"We find nothing In this which may be
construed into an agreement between the
DIGESTION
Waits on appetite. Lack of appetite usu
ally indicates weak digestion. Hostetter't
Stomach Bitters, token before meala, will
create & healthy desire for food, by
eleansins the clogged bowele and stimu
lating the accretion of the stomach. It
ilso purifies the blood, strengthens and
Invigorates the liver and kidneys. It u
undoubtedly the moat efficient 'medldni
tn the world for stomach troubles. A
private revenue stamp covera the neck of
the bottle.
HOSTETTER'
STOMACH
BITTERS
Accept No Substitute
UNKNOWN
ps
EAGLE
BRAND
QNDENSEDftf,
SEND'Q AiaiFCnAB00F0
for. DADiuD MOTHERS
Borden's Condensed Milk C6.HY
THE CONDITION OF THE MOUTH.
" I think your powder the very finest
thing of the kind lever used.
" The liquid is very refreshinsr and
cleansing, and I feel sure that if used it
would result in a much im
proved condition in the mouths
of our patients." Sample, 8c.
c.
TeethsBreath
By mall; 25c. and 75c. Hall A Butkel, N. Y. City.
parties that the whole obligation shall
at once become due and payable by reason
of a default in meeting any Installments
thereof."
William if. Sauers, respondent, vs.
James Buchler, et a!., appellants, from
Multnomah County, L. B. Stearns, Judge;
reversed. Oplnon by Chief Justice Bean.
This was a suit to set aside the sale
and conveyance by the defendants, James
and Jennie Buchler, to their co-defendants,
G W. and Eliza A. Ingalls, of cer
tain real estate and a stock of drugs and
druggist's fixtures In the- City of Sellwood,
and to subject such property to the pay
ment of a Judgment recdvered by the
palntlff against the Buchlers. In the lower
court the conveyance was set aside on
the ground that It was made for the pur
pose of defrauding creditors. The opin
ion of the Supreme Court says that "with
out entering Into details, it Is sufficent to
say that we are Impressed with, the view
that It was a bona fide exchange ana
transfer, and such a one as the Buohlera
could lawfully make and the Ingalls law
fully accept."
James Gaines, appellant, vs. Spencer
Chllders, et al. respondents, from Jack
son County. H. K. Hanna. Judge; af
firmed. Opinion by Chief Justice Bean. ,
Morrow Conhty Whent.
HEPPNER, Or., Jan. 7. Charles John
son has just bought S200 bushols of wheat
from B. Klely at 44 cents. This Is one of
the largest of recent sales, and about
75,000 bushels have recently been bought
along the Heppner Railroad. Mr. John
son has kept pretty close track of Mor
row County's wheat production this sea
son, and says that from the most recent
figures obtainable It will total up to 350,000
bushels. There are still several thousand
bushels on tho farms that will not bfc
hauled until Spring.
GRATEFUL COMFORTING
Distinguished Everywhere
for
Delicacy of Fiavor.
Superiority In Quality.
Grateful and Comforting
to tho Nervous or Dyspeptic.
Nutritive Qualities Unrivalled.
Your Grccsr and Storekeeper sell It.
la Half-pound Tint only.
. Prepared by JAMES EPPS & CO, Ltd..
HomcBopathic CbemUts, London,
England.
BREAKFAST SUPPER
T wn i Trdhtt WrrirrirriTj
66
V
Purest product for cooking
ever produced.
A sterilized fat from the
cocoanut.
Try Saratoga Chips
fried in
w
"Delicious!"
Ask your grocer for
or write
India Refining Co.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Rlair makes Heautifiil
Hjomen
NBWBRO'S HERPICIDB STASE3
BEAUTIFUL HAIR, because It de
stroys tho deadly microbe at work
upon the hair roots, thus making dan
druff and fallln? hair Impossible, and
promoting a thick, luxuriant growth
of hah, Increasing the owner's good
looks fully 100 pox cent.
It win also enra youx father, brother, lraa.
baad orcwoelluart otasy ecalpaSacUon tfcoy
may haTO, erea baldnra, tor worts Ilka
ciinn npoa tbs baldest pates. U4 It yottr.
elt, ttea yoa trill fmrer reoomsend It.
For Sale at all Flrt-Cbsj Drug Stores.
fir- S
BORDEN'S
PPPS C000A