Morning Oregonian., December 28, 1900, Page 4, Image 4

THE MORNING OREGONIAN, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1900.
STATE LOSES CASE
Decision in Suit Over Water
for Its Institution.
SERIOUS PROBLEM NOW ARISES
Size of Snpply Pipes From 3II11
Greek 3Inst Be Greatlr Reduced,
Which Will Give 3Inch Less
Yolnnie Than Required.
SALEM, Or., Dec 27. Judge R. P. Boise
today decided the suit of the Salem Flour
Ins Mill Company against the State of
Oregon in favor of the plaintiff. This
suit ivas brought to enjoin the state of
ficials from taking from Mill Creek for
use at the penitentiary, asylum, fair
grounds and cap! to) more water than
the state is entitled to under its agree
ment with the mill company.
Th3 contention of the mill company
was that the state Is entitled to divert
from the creek only so much water as can
bo pumped through a two-Inch pipe. As
a matter of fact, the state has for nearly
35 years been diverting much more than
that amount, and in recent years as much
as could be pumped through two 10-inch
pipes. The contention of the state was
that the mill company had no exclusive
right to the water, and that if it had
exclusive control of the water, the state
had acquired the right to take the quan
tity it has been using, by an agreement
made with the mill company in pursuance
of which they state furnished labor for
ropalring the mill race after the flood of
liSO. It was also contended that the
state had acquired the right to use the
water by prescription, the use being al
leged to have been open, notorious and
by claim of right for 10 years last past.
In addition to all these defenses, the
Btat- anight to defeat the mill company
by king that the latter had sustained
no damage and hence have no Injunction.
In deciding the case. Judge Boise held
that all the right the state has was
apquirod by virtue of a written grant
from the mill company, and that there Is
no evidence of any agreement made at
the time the state furnished the convict
labor for repairing the mill race in 1SO0.
He also holds that the state has failed
to prove that its use of the water was
adverse to the mill company, for the
reason that It was not shown that the
company had any knowledgo of the use
of more water than that to which the
state was entitled. It appearing that this
wrongful use of water Is to the Injury of
the Salem Flouring Mills Company's
rights. Judge Boise granted an injunc
tion forbidding the state officials to di
vert from Mill Creek more water than
can be drawn through a two-Inch pipe.
The ultimate result of this decision
cannot now be determined, t The state of
ficials will now find it necessary to either
accede to the mill company's demands as
to compensation for water used, or pro
vide some other way of procuring water.
The water has been drawn directly from
two cisterns at the penitentiary, but the
cisterns were supplied from Mill Creek. It
Is impossible to dig a cistern or well that
will by Itself supply water to the amount
required. The injunction granted today
will take effect immediately, and unless
the mill company allows the state to con
tinue -to draw water from the creek, the
state officials will find themselves In a
difficult position. Some time might be
gained by an appeal, but since the state
has lost Its case on the evidence, there
Is not much chance for gaining anything
else by such proceedure. It Is said that
the mill company will not act arbitrarily
in enforcing Its rights, but brought the
suit to determine its rights. As the Legis
lative session Is near at hand, the prob
lem of finding a new water supply will
probably be laid before that body for
Its consideration.
TO ANNEX PART OP LIXX TO LA-XE.
BUI to Tills Effect Will Re Intro
duced at Coxuixigr Legislature.
ALBANY, Or.. Dec. 27. An adjourned
legislative meeting was held here this
forenoon to consider the further need3
for legislative enactment by the next
state Legislature. Senator Clom and Rep
resentatives Whitney. Montague and In
gram met with 14 or 15 taxpayers, mostly
residents of Brownsville, who wish an act
placing back In Linn County part of the
strip taken from the county in 1SS7 and
added to Lane County. Since then the
Blue River mines have come into promi
nence, and It Is desired now to have re
turned to the county a strip of land four
miles wide tributary to the Calapooia, a
Linn County river, leaving In Lane
County the strip four by fourteen miles
tributary to the Mohawk, In which the
Booth-Kelly Company's lumber mill is
situated. A "bill will be introduced provid
ing for this.
An act was also urged providing for the
protection of the dairy interests of th
state against the encroachments of oth9r
states.
FAVORS GOOD- ROAD LAWS.
Representative Rernnrds Deems
"Such I&K3llntion Accessary.
FOREST GROVE. Dec.v 23. Herbert
Bernards, Republican Representative
from Washington County, states that
while he is Interested In all legislation
which will be beneficial to the state, he
considers good road laws especially ' im
portant. He will Eupport all measures to
this end.
In regarding to the United States Sen
atorship. he has no special choice. He
favora the best man for the place. As to
a party caucus, he will nether oppose
nor advocate It.
TO PROTECT FISHING INTERESTS.
Clntsop Delegation Fa-tors Bill to
This End Needed Laws.
ASTORIA. Dec 27. Judging from pres
ent indications only a small number of
bills will be introduced at the coming
session of the Legislature by the Clatsop
County delegation, but every member will
support measures already spoken of that
are of interest to the state at large. C.
W. Fulton, hold-over Senator from this
county, when questioned today as to what
legislation he would especially favor and
his choice for the United States Senator
ship, replied:
"I am anxious to see a State Board of
Equalisation created and shall introduce
a bill for that purpose unless some other
member has one that meets with my ap
probation. "I also desire to have the present fish
law as applicable to the Columbia River
remodeled, particularly the repeal of that
section which compels boatpullers to take
out individual licenses. I regard the fish
ing Industry as one of the most Import
ant in the state, and shnll favor any
measure that will tend to protect and
perpetuate It.
"A direct primary law I regard as a
good measure and shall aid in passing
one if introduced. It is yet too early to
tell what measures will come up for con
sideration, but I shall advocate the adop
tion of any that will be a benefit to the
whole state.
"Regarding the United States Senator
ship ai;d matters relating to It, I have
nothing to say."
Views of Representative Halm.
Representative John Hahn, when asked
rogardlng the Legislative matters that he
would support, said:
"I am strongly in favor of some legis
lation that will guard our fishing indus
try, and ospooclally a law that will afford
protection to the young salmon, by per
mitting them to reach maturity before
being caught, and shall probably intro
duce a bill with that object In view.
"Am in favor of more economical tax
and road laws, ones that will change the
present method of collecting taxes; make
a more uniform assessment of property
valuations throughout the -state, and
compel the expending of road moneys in
the manner that Is Intended.
"A direct primary law that will do
away with the power of the political
bosses will receive my support, as well
as apy other measures that are in the
line of economy and good government, no
matter by whom they are Introduced.
"As to the Senatorship, I have no
particular candidate, but I am a, firm be
liever in caucuses and shall give my sup
port to the caucus nomin.ee."
Representative Allen on Subject.
Representative B. F. Allen, in reply to
a query as to what measures would re
ceive his special support at the coming
session of the Legislature, said:
"I have at present no bills that I in
tend Introducing, but you can say that
I regard the salmon fisheries as one of
great value to the people not only of the
Columbia River district, but of the whole
state, and shall give my earnest sup
port to every measure that will aid in
protecting that Industry from destruction.
"As to other measures, it is too soon
to ascertain just what will be presented,
but I shall favor any law that Is on the
line of economy in public affairs.
"The Senatorship I havo given very lit
tle thought, have no favorite candidate,
and whom I shall vote for depends
entirely upon who the candidates are.
I regard the Senatorship as a fight be
tween the various factions of the Repub
lican party, and being a Democrat I, of
course, am not concerned in who is tho
caucus nominee."
WILL DISBAND AND REORGANIZE.
Baker City Chamber of Commerce to
Clianse Plan of Work.
BAKER CITY, Dec. 27. Baker City's
Chamber of Commerce adopted formal
resolutions to disband last night. How
ever, it is not the purpose to discontinue,
the work of the organization. The effect
of the resolution Is to sever the social
and the business features, which have
united. As now planned, there will be a
chamber or commercial club to transact
such business as shall be regarded of a
general public nature, and a commercial
club to look after matters with which
pleasure is connected.
Less than one year ago the present
Chamber of Commerce was organized. It
succeeded a similar body of about a year's
age, which had no social features. Much
work had been accomplished by the old
body, in the way of aiding to construct
roads connecting Baker City with adja
cent sections of the country. Several
matters of public concern were success
fully handled. It was decided that greater
enthusiasm would be possible If club
rooms were established, where guests
could be entertained and members given
opportunity to mingle socially In the even
ing. The clubrooms have not been the
success that was expected, and the plan
heretofore outlined will bo adopted.
Members present at the meeting .last
night were unanimous in the statement
that the Chamber of Commerce work here
should not be dropped. All appreciated
the necessity of having a public body
that could take the lead In matters In
volving tho community's welfare. As
Baker City is rapidly growing and dally
encountering problems requiring united
action of citizens, the need of a live
Chamber of Commerce is greater now
than ever.
The meeting last evening was called
to order by President A. Gelser. Secre
tary O. L. Miller read the financial re
port, showing an expenditure in one year
of nearly $3000. X. E. Imhaus, member
of the board of directors, stated that as
-the body was a legal corporation and a
specified number of directors had to be
present to constitute a quorum for bust,
ness, much difficulty had been encoun
tered in the work. He favored tho dissolu
tion of the corporation after adjustment
of liabilities and an association formed
with less strict rules and regulations.
This will be done. Secretary Miller
stated that at the annual meeting to be
held January 29, he would tender his
resignation.
Assignments for Soldiers.
VANCOUVER BARRACKS. Dec. 27.
Captain James A. Goodin has been de
tailed as a member of the general court
martial appointed to meet at Vancouver
Barracks.
S. L. Jones, Company D, Fourteenth
Infantry, has been ordered to Join his
company at Fort Wayne, Mich.
Upon the recommendation of the Chief
Surgeon of the Department, the following
members of the Hospital Corps will be
sent to posts in the Department: Clar
ence G. Moss, to Fort Caey; John Cur
ran and Frederick W. Mclntyre, to Fort
Flagler.
Alonzo A. Amen, enlisted at Portland,
has been assigned to Company M, Sev
enth Infantry, and will be cent to Camp
William H. Osborne.
OreRon Notes.
Grant's Pass is considering plans for
better fire protection.
Joe Brown, of Galesvllle, has presented
the Roseburg Review with a TJfc-pound
potato.
Baker City will pay $10,000 of its mu
nicipal debt, for which a special levy will
be made.
Curry County authorities are adver
tising for bids for the suporiotendency of
the poor farm.
John Dillon has been bound over to the
grand Jury at The Dalles, in 5200 bonds,
charged with having stolen 515 at Mosler.
A portion of Pete Peterson's dike, on
Haynes Slough, Coos County, washed out
last week. The damage Is estimated at
now.
Sheriff Parrott, of Douglas County, and
his deputies are engaged In levying on
property for delinquent taxes, the total
amount of which Is about $100.
The inquest over the young mulatto,
Louis Hudglns. who was killed at Glen
dale while trying to board a train, was
In accord with facts published.
Douglas County jail has one prisoner,
David Johnson, of Gardiner, who plead
guilty to stealing an overcoat and valise
from a steamer there! Justice Sbultle
sentenced him to 25 days In Jail. Thfs is
the first criminal commitment from Gar
diner for years.
There was a mlx-up at Astoria of Ori
entals In Chinatown Christmas eve, and
for half an hour guns and knives were
displayed with impunity. Joseph Huff
got the worst of matters, being terribly
cut about the head. He is not fatally
hurt, but his escape from death was a
narrow one.
A dead snake eight feet in length Is
lying on the beach about 100 yards east
or the little bridge across China Creek,
near the foot of Washington street, says
The Dalles Chronicle. It was found by
boys. Whfre It came from no one can
Imagine, and no one who has seen It ever
saw such a monster In those parts before.
Its coloring is very much that of the
rattlesnake, but the spots on Its body are
Irregular in form and are found on the
belly as well as the back.
Elijah Sale, a Mexican War veteran,
aged over SO years, lost his life near
Ruckle Station Saturday night He was
a member of the Soldiers' Home, at Rose
burg. Late Saturday afternoon his body
was found In the deep ditch near the
north end of tho Ruckles railway switch.
There was a deep ga&h in his head, and
his skull was crushed. Mr. Sale was
soon to get off the train Saturday, with
two other passengers, but spoke to no
one at the station, and started along the
railroad track. When only a short dis
tance from the station, on crossing a ra
vine, he fell from the trestle, striking his
head against some rocks, which either
killed him or stunned him so that he rolled
further down into the water and was
drowned.
TO SMELT IDAHO ORES
PLANT AT MINERAL CITY WILL
SOON BEGIN OPERATIONS.
In Position to Handle Ontpnt of Sil
ver Mines of District Proper,
ties of Region.
BAKER CITY, Dec. 27. A 60-ton
mitte smelter will be in operation
within the next few days at Mineral
City, Idaho. This once-famous camp has
been In comparative idleness since the
repeal of the Sherman law In 1893. Min
eral City's chief product was silver, and
the great drop in the price of the white
metal as a result of the repeal of the
Sherman purchasing law led many of the
mincowncrs to suspend development of
their properties. The gradual rise In the
prico of the mineral, and a substantial
increase in the value of copper, much of
which Is found In Mineral City ore, has
encouraged capital to believe a.margln of
profit may again be made in working
Mineral City mines.
While this camp is situated In Idaho,
GALLERY OF NEW MEMBERS
J. A. TALBERT, REPRESENTATIVE FROM CLACKAMAS.
CLACKAMAS. Or., Dec. 27. J. A. Talbert, Representative from Clacaatnas County, was
born in Pettis County, Missouri, In 1848. He crossed the plain in 1852 with his parents,
who located in Clackamas County at Mllwauklo. where they spent the Winter. The next
Spring- they took up a donation land claim about four miles from M!:waukle. where they
resided for about 20 years, after which they purchased land at Clackamas Station, where
Mr. Talbert now resides.
Mr. Talbert was Deputy Sheriff of Clackamas County from 1879 to 1882, and was after
ward Deputy Assessor for two years. Of late years he has been employed In the Government
and state flsh hatcheries. He has been a life-long-Republican.
it Is directly tributary to Eastern Oregon. I
Supplies for the mines are shipped
through Huntington, and matte or con
centrates are taken to the railroad at tho
same point Portfand capital has long
been Interested In the mines, which are
.generally regarded as Oregon property.
Welser once made an effort to divert the
trade of Mineral City to that point by
constructing a wagon road to the mines.
The highway was over a considerable
mountain, where Winter snows complete
ly blocked travel. The road between
Huntington and Mineral City Is along
the Snake River most of the distance, Is
open the year around, and free from
heavy grades.
The new smelter Is the latest pattern
of a water-jacket, copper-matting fur
nace. AH the machinery Is especially de
signed for economy In working, and for
saving the copper. The smelter Is on the
site of the old Lang smelter, which
burned down in 1892, and is located so
as to be most convenient for receiving
the ore from the Black Hawk, Black
Maria and Sliver Bell mines, all of which
are owned by the company constructing
the smelter.
Three smelters have preceded the one
now about completed. A leaching plant
was erected at Mineral City by a Port
land company In the. latter part of the
'SOs. The plant had a dally capacity of
about five tons. After a thorough trial,
it was decided that leaching was not a
success. The Portland concern sold out.
and In 1S91-92 the owners of the Black
Hawk, Black Maria, Silver Bell and Egan
group pooled Interests and put up a
water-jacket smelter, -Alth a dally capac
ity of about 25 tons. Shortly afterwards,
a Portland man named Lang erected an
other jacket smelter, and commenced
custom-ore treatment Both these smelt
ers, were in full swing when silver
slumped from SI. cents to 34 cents. In
1S83. The mineowncrs smelter operated
until Fall, but no effort was made to
start it up next year.
Two years ago a "nameless" company
purchaced the Black Hawk. Black Maria,
Silver Bell and a few other smaller prop
erties on the south side of Dcnnlt Creek.
H. C. Stratton. of Portland. Is agent for
this company, and A. J. Crook, superin
tendent. It Is understood that Pennsyl
vania capital holds the majority of the
stock. Last Summer the company ex
perimented with a reverberating furnace,
but without success, and will now resort
to the old water-jacket process.
Much money was made by operators In
Mineral City between 1S90 and 1S9I. Mrs.
Mary H. Speak, who owns the Egan
group, made out of the ore shipped from
her. property to the smelter 575.001 Own
ers of the Silver Bell, Black Hawk and
Black Maria also realized considerable
sums. The silver and copper was demon
strated to be In the ore, and could be
extracted with profit when smelter
charges were 514 a ton. Great improve
ments have since been made In working
methods, and It is believed that not
withstanding the lower price of silver,
the mines will now yield a good profit
On the Silver Bell about lfOO feet of
development work has been done. Three
tunnels have been driven In the vein,
each being in about 500 feet At the
point farthest In, a depth of about 450
feet below the surface has been reached.
The vein of the Silver Bell is one of the
largest in the camp. At some places it
Is 25 feet wide. Of course, this width
is not uniform, and the vein pinches to
a very narrow strip at Intervals. In the
early work in the Bell, smelter certifi
cates showed an average yield of SO ounces
of silver and about 9 per cent copper.
Something like 3000 tons of jore have been
taken from this property.
The Black Maria has about 1200 feet of
tunnels, mostly in tho vein, and a very
short cross-cut sufficed to tap the vein
from the lowest tunnel yet driven. About
3000 tors of ore have been removed from
the Maria. The ledge varies in width
from a narrow fissure to S and 10 feet.
The greatest depth attained Is 350 feet
below the surface.
In the Black Hawk, only about 500 feet
of tunnel has been driven. The Egan
group has about 20C0 feet of work on the
three claims known as the Egan. Hull
Fraction, and Montana. There are two
tunnels on the property, with upraises
and a shoot Some of the best silver ore
j found In the camp was taken from the
j Egan, a portion of which run. as high as
-w uunccs, ana ice average Deing -u
ounces. In the ore so far hindled, cop
per was only nominal, but as this metal
leaches from all ore near enough the
surface to oxidize, better values are con
fidently expected with depth. Although
there is much tunnel work on the group,
the extreme depth is only 100 to 150 feet.
This vein has an average, wfdth of from
fivs to six feet
The Daniel Boone was the first prop
erty discovered Tn the camp. There is
now a group which bears this title. The
two Important claims are the Alta and
Idaho. In all these properties about 000
feet df work has been done, and a depth
of 300 to 400 feet attained.
The Jessie group lies on the north side
of Dennit Creek. The Jessie, Mineral
Chief. Red Bird, Oversight and Yellow
Heel constitute the most important prop
erties. A crors-cut tunnel 200 feet in
length has been driven In the Jessie,
cutting the vein 150 feet from the sur
face. At this point the ledge shows a
width of elsht feet which continues 20
feet or the distance that has been gained
by that portion of 4h.e tunnel following
the ledge. The assay tests of ore show
10 per cent copper, five ounces silver, and
52 50 gold. This group is the only prop
erty in the camp carrying an appreciable
amount of gold.
OF OREGON LEGISLATURE
it
Iron Mountain, three miles from Min
eral but Included in the camp, has sev
eral claims, some of which run high In
Iron. The Last Chance group, which
comprises th Last Chance. Sixteen-to,
One, and William J. Bryan claims, has
about the same ore as the Jessie group.
A Welser company has recently bonded
the group, and Is pushing development
A tunnel SO feet In length has been driven
since last Fall, when the company took
control. This work has revealed a vein
five or six feet In width.
Lime and iron necessary to flux the
ore is found in the camp. There Is a lime
reef containing millions of tons of rock
In the canyon back of the smelter. The
company owns some claims on Iron Moun
tain, where Iron without limit can be
had, but it is found that the ores of
the Black Maria, Black Hawk and Sil
ver Bell contain sufficient iron to flux.
Within five miles of the camp large for
ests of timber for fuel and timbering
are found. The company has its own
saw mill, and two or three others' are
also located in the region. When the
smelter gets under way the company
will have on its pay-roll 75 or SO men.
Mineral City once had 400 or 500 men in
it Old-timers hope that the operations
now contemplated portend the return of
some of the camp's former prosperity.
notations of Mining: Stocks.
SPOKANE. Dec 27. The closing quotations
for mining stocks today were:
Bid. Ask,
Bid. Ask.
Blacktnll 0V& 10yj
Butte " Bo3. 1 2
Oulln
Ramb. Car.
Renuhlli.
Crystal 4T4 64
2 Reservation
Eventnir Stir. BU ?U
iioss. oiant
Gold Ledge... IK lh
I. X. L. 1V& 20
Iron Mask ...30 33
L. P. Surp... C 7
Mtn. Lion ...10 22U
Morn. Glory.. 74 7
Sullivan ....
Tom Thnmh
Waterloo 2 2H
Amor. Boy ... 53; 10k
Conjecture ... 3 44
ucwey 2H Z
Morrison ,.. 3 34
Prln. Maud.. 1 lfciFlaghlll I 1
Miller Creole. 2U 3
SAN FRANCISCO. Dec27. Offlcial closing
quotations for mining stocks:
Alta
Alpha Con
$0 04 1 Just Ice jo 02
i -Mexican 23
7 Occidental Con . .. 2
Anacs-
Belcher
Best & Belcher..
Bullion ,
Caledonia ,
Challenge Con ..
Chollnr ,,
Confidence . ....
Con. Cal. &. Va..,
Crown Point ....
Gould. & Curry...
Hale & Norcross.
12CnhIr 5
24 Overman 0
Potosl 12
Savage 14
46!
15ISeg. Belcher
1
Sierra Nevada ...
Silver Hill
23
40
3 25
10
3
10
52
1 G5
0
32
17
Standard .".
union Con
Utah Con
fellow Jacket ....
NEW YORK. Dec 27. Mining stocks today
closed as follows:
Adams Con ?0 201LlttIe Chief JO 15
Alice
Breece ,
Brunswick Con...
Comstock Tunnel
Con. Cal. & Va.
Dead wood Terra,
Horn Silver .,..,
Iron Silver ......
LeadvUl Con ...
iu uuuno .......... u 10
2 00OphIr 60
17 Phoenix 10
4 Potosl 10
1 Q Savage 10
55lfilerra Nevada ... 15
1 10 Kraal! Hopes 50
65 Standard .3 00
51
BOSTON, Dec 27. Closing quotations:
Adventure $ 10 50lHmboldt $ 50 00
Allouez M. Co.. 3 OOtOsceola 70 00
Amal. Copper .. 04 00 Parrott 50 CO
Atlantic 27 MIQulncy 173 00
Boston & Mont 324 OOlSanta Fo Cop... C 75
Butte & Boston 83 00 Tamarack 340 00
Cab &. Hecla... S-10 OOiutah Mining; ... 33 00
Centennial .... 23 S7Wlnona 4 50
Franklin 15 25WolverIncs 40 50
Trlnl of Supreme Court Cases."
SALEM. Or.. Bee 27.-Clerk J. J. Mur
phy, of the Supreme Court today set
cases for trial in that tribunal as fol
lows: January 7 W. E. Mitchell, respondent,
vs. Oregon Women's Flax Fiber Associa
tion, appellant
January 8 Oregon & California Railroad
Company, respondent, vs: Jackson Coun
ty appellant
January 9 L. N. Browning, respondent,
vs. L. A. Lewis, appellant,
January 10 M. C. George et al., ap
pellants, vs. M. Nowlan et al., respond
ents. A Chnmpagme Trlnraph.
Uusurpassed and remarkable quality of
G. H. Murom's Extra Dry is cause of
109,321 casea Imported to Dec L 1900, or
72.163 more than any other brand. Special
attention is called to the remarkable
quality of the Extra Dry.
20-Ti 2
.254 25
.CO 05
. 34 4U
. 2A 2
1314 U
HOW TO INSTRUCT PUPILS
THEME OF LECTURES BEFORE
TEACHERS' COXVEXTIOX.
Synopsis of Addresses on Three Sub
jects Attendance Yesterday Con
siderably Larger Than First Day.
ALBANY, Or., Dec. 27. The second day
of the State Teachers' Association con
vention was marked by a large at
tendance. One hundred teachers came
in on the trains. The department of su
perintendence opened up with a good rep
resentation. Superintendent McDonal, of
Corvallls. In the chair, and C. L. Gilbert
of The Dalles.- as secretary. Everything
is In working order: and Governor Geer,
ex-offlclo member of the Board of Educa
tion, expressed himself as delighted with
the teachers, and the work they are doing
at this convention.
The morning session convened promptly
at 9 o'clock. Dr Henry D. Sheldln, pro
fessor of psychology in the University of
Oregon, discussed at length "Child's Study
In tho Service of the Teacher." In part
he said: "The task remains of showing
in more concrete terms the service which
systematic child study has performed for
education.
"Firstly, It. has taught us to look at
the child from hi3 own point of view.
We must observe the expression, the cries,
the movements of children as we might
observe a flock of strange Dird3 in a trop
ical forest We must think of the child
pot as an embryo citizen, an embryo
merchant or an embryo philosopher, as
the case may be, but simply as a being to
be watched. Above all things, we must
avoid reading our own :aeas and senti
ments into the children. Now the great
advantage of this process Is that In time
we come to know the child as he Is. When
we see children as children and not as
small men like ourselves, the first stride
has been taken toward scientific educa
tion. The attempt to study children
scientifically has driven home the truth
that children have rights end interests of
their own which are as legitimate as
those of the adult
"Secondly, the child study movement
has added a new Interest to the work
of the teacher, particularly the primary
and grade teacher. From its nature
such work Is likely to be monotonous and
wearing. The same simple subject mat
ter and ever-recurring problems of disci
pline day after day tends to narrow the
horizon of the teacher, unless some other
factor intervenes. What influence could
be stronger than an Interest In child de
velopment whlfh makes each new grado
and each new pupil an artistic problem
for the teacher to solve? Many super
intendents, 'notably Superintendent Balllet,
of Springfield Mass., have spoken In high
terms of service which child study
had rendered In Infusing new vitality Into
grade teaching.
"Thirdly, as we have already indicated,
the study of mental development has em
phasized the relation between mind and
body, the physical basis of the Intellectual
life and trie necessity of conserving It
has been the constant theme of writers
on child study. In an age when over
pressure and nervousness seem to be mak
ing great Inroads among the American
youth, it Is no small thing to possess a
pedagogic school whose watchword is
health."
Dr. Sheldon was followed by Dr. Wood
Hutchlnson. of Buffalo, who emphasized
the necessity of a scientific study of the
child. He put the mental development of
the child on a physiological basis, and
held that every teacher should bo a phy
sician. President Strong, of the University of
Oregon, referred to fads as better than
nothing, and stated that he would like to
see child study promoted throughout the
stale.
Professor J. C. Zlnse, Superintendent
of Clackamas County, spoke, in part, on
the subject, "Desirable Modification of
the State Course of Study"::
"My brief official experience has re
vealed these facts: A large proportion of
the teachers of Clackamas County are
either Inexperienced or but slightly so.
A still larger per cent has had no special
training for the profession. Many have
passed through the country school or the
elementary town school, until they were
able to receive a third-grade certificate.
Their equipment for their work la of the
most njcager sort. And I must suppose
that the condition of other counties is not
much better. If I may Judge from occa
sional migratory representatives. I find
the teachers lacking especially In the
ability to handle the primary work. And
In my Judgment It Is this very primary
work that is all-Important In our rural
schools, as well as In the town schools.
Start the child right during the first three
years, and you have given him a con
siderable ability to help himself. He Is
less liable to go astray or receive harm
from crude or Indifferent training.
"The harm done the child In the primary
grades can never be wholly righted by
subsequent efforts. I would therefore like
to see in the next issue of the state
'course of study the work of the primary
grades given with considerable detail, as
has already been done to some extent In
the' case of reading. It ought not to be
so very difficult to secure a concensus of
the essentials of up-to-date requirements
in thla direction, even if we might not
all agree as to details. A committee of
well-trained primary teachers, even If
they happened to hold diplomas from dif
ferent normal schools, would probably
agwe for the most part on the essential
lines of work required. To discuss this
subject In all its bearings would be Im
possible In a meeting of this kind. I may
simply 'Illustrate my meaning by refer
; ring to one or two branches. The all-
Important subject of the primary division,
as It Is indeed of the whole elementary
school, Is reading. There should be more
specific directions given in this branch, an
apporved method should be described in
full. But I pass that by.
"In many cases, reading la all that Is
ever attempted in the first and second
years of the rural school. But there must
be time found for laying the founda
tions of several other though less Im
portant hranches. .
"In number work. If we teach the num
bers from 1 to 10 inclusive, with all
the combinations and separations, we
have not undertaken too much, but It is
enough, and if well done will prove an
ample foundation for subsequent work. 1
would like to add one thing not usually
done, that Is fractions. Begin with the
number 1. Probably all chldrcn know
that number, the only thing to do with
It at this point is to teach Its half.
"Numbers cannot successfully be taught
without the constant use of objects. For
the first month or two the work must be
principally oral, since the child must con
sentrate his attention upon reading and
writing. After he has acquired a stock
of words, and the ability quickly to rec
ognize new words, he Is allowed to put
on the slate the simple problems which
have become easy by this time. The use
of symbols of operation is deferred for
some time longer. All the work m.uat be
concrete, since It Is probable that at this
stage of child-mind development of the
abstract idea of number is impossible. The
cross, triangle and square are easy forms
of great usefulness for slate and black
board work. Every combination and
separation of numbers Is to be illustrated
by original stories by teacher and pu
pil. Thus no branch of study is taught
isolated by Itself, but Js as closely as
possible connected with every other
branch. The number stories are read
from, the board and the slate. They have
been copied from board or book and com
pleted. Drawing comes In in forming
the crosses, squares and triangles.
Language training in Inventing and tell
ing the original stories. Even Nature
study Is Incidentally benefited by learn
ing the number of petals of flowers, the
number of legs, etc, of animals. In the
same way should every branch be made
to strengthen and reinforce every other
branch within reasonable limits, without
applying too minutely the Herbartlan
doctrine of concentration. Emphasize as
sociation. "A mimber should be separated into"
all Its parts: these parts again reunited.
The two forms of addition, the two
forms of separatiqn, constituting the four
fundamental operations, should be car
ried on simultaneously, or in close se
quence. Suitable type-queatlons should
be given, and the problems Illustrated,
as hints for the teacher how to proceed.
In teaching the number ff for Instance,
we take the pupil where we fllnd him.
He knows 5 and he knows L Unite them
and state the result In. words. After
making all combinations and separtlons,
we may ask for such problems: Taxe
six splints and aee how many crosses you j
can make. How many triangles? How j
man7 squares? Therefore, how many 2s, j
3s, 4s In 6? Wc are constantly keeping I
In mind that there are tables to be form-
ed, not merely memorized, and apply this
thought wherever possible. By the end 1
of the second year when the first 20 num
bers have been studied, we shall have
made and learned a considerable part of
tho multiplication table, besides the ta-
bles of money, weight and the other ,
measures. The number 12 Is a good op
portunity for learning the. subdivisions of
the foot-rule, adding and substractlng
even fractions of a foot.
"At tha same time all that can he
weighed or measured within the limits j
01 our numoers is 00 iearaea. ay me ena
of the second year children should have
learned all the tables In common use
up to tho nunmerical limit, all the com
binations up to 20, which includes the
multiplication table to the same limit, a3
follows: In other words, all the sets of
factors of all the composite numbers
studied. Require the pupil to do all
measuring, the school to supply the
measures. In the third year a primary
book should be placed In the hands of the
children. With the multiplicity of classes .
the teacher Is not able to Invent so
mucn DiacK-Doara wortc Aiucn practice
In all the fundamental operations, in
small numbers, later on the large ones
will be easy enough. Distinguish two
forms of division. Somewhere In the
course a place should be made for the
mstric system. Practically, every civil
ized country In the world except Eng
land and the United States are using It
and even here we use It along with the
BO nations of the Postal Union In com
puting postage. In the Coast Survey, the
Mint, the Signal Service, the Census and
Statistical Departments. And now that
Its adoption has been proposed in Con
gress, it will not be long before the boys
of today will be compelled to use It
Why, even conservative Russia adopted
it but a few weeks ago.
"Primary geography should be made
the nucleus of what we may call Nature
study in Its widest sense. The child is
the center of the little world in which he
lives. It should be the purpose of the
teacher by means of the work done in
'primary geography, to help the child to
discover himself, to make him acquainted
with the outer world around hln to awa
ken as many Interests of the child as pos
sible, by which to connect him with his
environment. The child is to learn to
make and Interpret a map. To prepare
for the map we must study home sur
roundings; this must furnish the typr
Ideas by means of which he Is to Inter
pret the map and the world. In numbers
we have spoken of measurlngs, we have
established scales. Here we also measure
but we extend the feet to rods, rods to
miles. These distances we reproduce on
paper and black-board in a smaller scale.
Inches represent rods, etc.
"Teach position, direction, lines,
straight and curved. Measure distance
first by the eye, then with the ruler.
Represent these measurements on slate
and black-board. During the second ex
tend these geometrical ideas, the square,
triangle, circle, the' diameter and cir
cumference, and cardinal and intermedi
ate points. Plot the schoolhouse, the
school grounds. Study the neighborhood
as to elevation and depression, produc
tion, streams, ponds, animals, tame and
wild, crops raised with something of the
processes. Develop the idea Of hill, moun
tain, slopes, top, sides, plain, valley, fer
tile and sterile land, rivers, banks, bed,
source, mouth and branches, where the
water comes from and where it goes.
Study the weather conditions favorable
and unfavorable to plant growth.
"Then give lists of domestic animals
and their uses to man. Were they al
ways tame? Also wild animals and their
uses; crops and their processes, described
In language period. What do farmers In
the country raise? Where do they sell
It? What do they buy? Where do these
things come from? Also commerce and
transportation, railroad and shipping, ca
nals, mines and mining, as well as other
occupations and Industries in your county.
"In all this work the method should
be similar to what Is called In higher
branches the laboratory method. In
studying of crops, for Instance, make lists
of the replies given by children. Then
lead the children to classify. Wheat,
oats, etc., are grouped and called grain.
This leads to scientific results, -as Agas
slz has pointed cut; scientific study con
sists of comparison and classification.
This part of the work belongs to the lan
guago period.
"In tho fourth year extend these and
similar inquiries to the State of Oregon.
Many children never get to the eighth
erade. and certainly they should know
something of thslr own state before they
study the remote ends of the world. In
connection should go the history of Ore
gon. Every river, every mountain
touches the history of the state. Explain
how the Columbia was named, or Mount
Jefferson, or Portland. Connect some
thing of interest with every locality
passed over In imagination, awaken the
child's patriotism and loyalty, and create
a love for the state that will never die.
"If this has been preceded, as It should
be In primary grades, by the consider
ation of well.-selected biographies of
American and Oregon history; if the first
four years of the child's Instruction have
followed along these lines, the fifth, sixth
and seventh years would be ample to
cover the remaining ground, leaving, as
at present, mathematical geography for
the last half of the eighth year.
"I would like to record a plea for a
larger place In our course for nature
study. No boy or girl should pass through
school without somewhere learning some
thing about the wild animals that still
roam over Oregon. Clackamas County,
which reaches to the summit of Mount
Hood, may be said to contain most
of the animals of the temperate
zone. It can furnish a list that would
surprise some teachers. Children should
somewhere learn the elements of zoologi
cal classification and the chief character
istics of the classes represented in their
own county. The same may be said of
plants. We have In Oregon a flora that
Is no less Interesting than our fauna.
Our children should be taught the ele
mentary principles of plant life, some
acquaintance with the plants and animals
of our own state, with something of their
life history, something of the propaga
tion, the cross-fertilisation of plants and
of the agency of bees In this direction,
would be more practically useful and
more conducive to their mental growth
than the mere nomenclature of the flora
and fauna of Australasia and Tlmbuctoo.
Wc should find rocm for the elements or
natural science In our future course of
study, even if- we muit eliminate or con
dense a few moro topics In arithmetic
and other branches."
J. B. Horner, professor of rhetoric and
English literature In the Oregon Agricul
tural College, addressed the department
of elementary Instruction on "Composi
tion in the Advanced Division of Gram
mar Schools," In which he said In part
that there are twp things which should
be taught in the advanced grammar
schools:
"First, practical knowledge of words;
and second, a practical knowledge of sen
tences," making the statement that no
pupil should be graduated from the or
dinary grammar school until he can spsll
correctly and make good sentences.
"The American public school differs
Twice 50
mS Bs3? JBL s
"I have used Ayer's Hair
Vigor for thirty years and I do
not think there is anythingequal
to it for r. hair dressing." J.
A. Gruenenfelder, Grant
fork, 111., June 8, 1899.
"I have used Ayer's Hair
Vigor for over thirty years and
can testify to its wonderful
merits. It has kept my scalp
free from dandruff and my hair
soft and glossy. And it has
prevented my hair from turn
ing gray." Mrs. F. A.
Soule, Billings, Mont., Aug.
3 1899.
One dollar a bottle.
If your druggist cannot upplv you, send
us $1.00 and -we -will express a bo'ttle to you,
all charges prepaid. Be sure and give u
your nearest express office.
J. C. Aye Co., Lowell, Mass.
Send for our handsome book on The Hair;
somewhat from qjher elementary school-.
In that it teaches but one language, and
that Is the English language, that grade
of English which carries with It the
King's brand. The American public
school teaches no Latin, no Greek, no
French to give the culture and polish of
the classics, nor German to give It Saxon
body and strength. They who laid the
foundation of our educational system
were convinced that the English language
is a good language in which to speak the
whole truth, and that It has grown to '
be as much a classic as the Latin and
the Greek. So they chose as literary
models for the young such authors as
Webster, Tennyson. Milton, Longfellow,
Dickens, Thackeray, Macaulay, Irving,
Bacon and Shakespeare, instead of De
mosthenes. Cicero, Caesar, Virgil, Seneca,
Homer and Pliny. The founders of our
system said we had arrived at a point
vhero It will best subserve our Interests
to study our masters and teach their
masterpieces; for we want to reach the
education of the embryo American citi
zens by the most direct method possible.
"It will therefore be seen that the sys
tem of teaching language work In the
American public school of necessity dif
fers from language teaching in other
schools over this land."
Washington Teachers' Convention.
ELLENSBURG, Wash., Dec 27. The
second day of the State Teachers' Asso
ciation convention found 12S present
About a dozen papers were read by teach
ers from all over the state, each being fol
lowed by a 2C-mlnute discussion.
In the evening J. F. Saylor, of Spokane,
delivered a lecture entitled, "Educational
Progress." The session closes tomorrow.
WHIT3IAX COUNTY GRAIX CHOP.
Estimated to Be Little Over 7,000,000
Bushels for Present Year.
COLFAX, Dec. 27. Aaron Kuhn, of Col
fax, the largest individual grain dealer in
Whitman County; S. C. Armstrong, man
ager of the Pacific Coast 'elevator sys
tem in the Palouse- country, and P. W
Lawrence, ex-State Grain Commissioner,
and at present traveling manager of the
Puget Sound Warehouse Company,
estimate that the total gram crop of the
Palouse country for 1900 was a Uttlo over
7,000,000 bushels. This estimate is of a
decidedly conservative character.
It Is possible to trace nearly 6,500,000
bushels of the crop to the warehouses
at the various shipping points, and when
It is taken Into account that many of
the farmers are holding their grain this
year in their granaries on account of
low prices, and that the seed require
ment of the county is fully 250.000 bush
els. It will readily be acknowledged
that tho estimate Just given I3
rather under than over the correct
amount Mr. Kuhn has been the largest
shipper, his shipments since September L
1900, being 1,010,000 bushels of wheat. The
average price at which the wheat has
boon sold has been In the vicinity of 42
cents a bushel, sacked, In the ware
house. WILL PLAY FOOTBALL.
Multnomah and Heppner Teams Ar
range for Game Next Month.
HEPPNER, Dec. 27. S. A. Young and
Frank Randall, who returned from Port
land tonight, report having arranged with
the Multnomah football team to play a
match game with the Heppner team
here, January 11.
Dwelling: Bnrned.
The house of Miles Jewell, in Lost Val
ley, southwest of Heppner, was burned
to the ground, Saturday night The Are
got a good start while the members of
the family were asleep. They-sbarely es
caped with their lives, and lost every
thing. Insnne Man nt Heppner.
Anton Currah was adjudged insane here
yosterday after an examination before
Judge Bartholomew and Dr. Hunlock. He
will be taken to the Asylum tomorrow by
Sheriff Matlock and Fred Bock.
Currah has a long Portuguese proper
name, but no one here can either spell
or pronounce It He has been working
for many years for Anton Vey, on But
ler Creek, herding sheep, and Imagines
five demons are pursuing him. He i3
said to have several thousand dollars in
a Pendleton bank
T. J. Allyn today sold 700 lambs to
D. E. Farnsworth at 52 60, immediate
delivery.
Soap in stick form; con
venience and economy in
shaving.
It is the best and cheap
est shaving soap in 'all the
world.
AH worts of people use Pears soap, all sorts
of stcrec sell it. especiallT druggists.
WHITE
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