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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 9, 1900)
THE MORNING OREGOAN, THUBSDAY, AUGUST 9, 1900. ENDANGER COUNT Democratic Leader's View ofy tnsion and Trusts Exp a i MILITARISM A CAMPAIGN ISSUE Riclior&son, in A'otifyins Bryan, Said Satf.on. In Drifting- ToTV.rd Gold, 'Grandeur, Greed and Glory'. D3DIAKAPOLIS. Aus. 8. In. formally notifying William J. Bryan of Ms nomina tion as the Democratic candidate forj STendent today. Representative James D. Richardson, of Tennessee, said: "Mr- Bryan: On the 124th anniversary of the birth of this Republic there as sembled in Kansas .City lie most intense ly American convention that ever came together in its history. This great body -mas made up of men from every state and territory in the Union. They came from their respective districts filled with xmfelgned enthusiasm for the inspiring cause which brought them together. Their S.OOO.OGO constituents had empowered them to frame a platform of principles and se lect candidates for President and Vice President of the United States in what they conceived to be the supremest po litical crisis that ever came to our coun try. These delegates all realized that the Republic is in peril. They felt that the duty was theirs to take such action as would rescue the state fromrthe gulf of imperialism Into which It has been plunged, -and thus preservejfor themselves and posterity; unimpaired, .he priceless blessings of free government and civil liberty. Tou see before you today a com mittee of delegates from that conven tion, and for whom I speak, upon which is represented each state and territory "whose duty it is to convey to you in for mal manner the notification that the au-g-ust assembly I have mentioned, acting :for Its members, their constituents and sfor all who love and cherish liberty every "where, with no dissenting voice, chose you as the candidate for President, and adopted a platform of principles upon -which the campaign we are now inaugu rating shall be conducted. The declaration or pa,rty principles enunciated I 'achy have the honor to pre sent to you. Here the duties of our com mittee might with propriety end. but f "beg indulgence for a few moments. The delegates assembled at Kansas Glty did not take hasty action. Their conduct was characterized by the greatest firmness and determination. In the alarming con dition in which the eountrv h hnn placed by the present weak and vacillat ing and un-American Administration at "Washington, they realized, as a onrr fellow-citizens generally, 'that a 'change of men and policies Is imperatively demand ed. They proceeded deliberately and chose you to lead in the battle for the restoration of the true political faith. Four years ago you led the party In Che most brilliant contest It has ever ex perienced. You then failed to win the goal, the Presidency; but you did more .you won the respect and admiration of your political foes, and the ardent love and devotion of your followers. That contest was made by you against stu pendous odds, in the face of a hostile press, and with unhappy division in vour ranks. I congratulate you and the coun try that all these unfortunate conditions do not confront you todav. It 1 true you were then bitterly. sometimes wan only. assailed, and, when parUsan ran- wi m.n mgn, occasionally coarse things were said of you and your party. But you have survivod them all, and you are perhaps stronger for them. We trust this campaign will be pitched on a high er plane, arid that it -nlli be conducted in a manner worthy of the great dignity whlch attaches to the two most exalted offices- at stake. A Shot at Roosevelt. It is true that you and your party Irlends have already been characterized as dishonest and lawless at home, ,and as cowards abroad. I feel sure, however, it will stop at this, or at least, If suc hyperbolic figures of speech are u;ed aZ all. It will be in rare instances, and only then by some one whose coarse manners before the public are equalled only by xhe roughness of his riding habit. During the eventful and exciting cam paign of ISG yon were constantlv before the public. The eyes of the Nation were fied upon yu and yr utterances as they wore never before upon a public man. Then, and in all times since, you eavo been under a light as glaring as the auu in uign noon, yet no flaw of dis honor or cowardice Is pointed in your rec ord by any foe. Review and criticism have -wholly failed to injure or weaken you in public esteem. And now you irc with absolute unanimity by every state, territory and district in the Union made the candidate of a reunited and harmo nious party. You are by all real Ameri cans regarded as the best exponent of the faith of our fathers which was ar ticled in the Declaration of Independence snd sealed bj the blood ot patriots. "We deny that that declaration Is a back number. We solemnly affirm thai by the faithful It is yet venerated as the "grand est chapter of human rights and human liberty over devised by man. The lust of greed and power preaches rmtpmnf fnv jus supero aoctrine, but we held this monster Imperialism, which alwava feeds upon-the life blood of liberty- The,. uause you. represent, sir, -Is humanity. The highest duty of humanity is. to help others, to pc free. The'just punishment of &iople that enslave and rule over an other Is the loss of their own liberty, for a democracy cannot be an empire, and remain both. Stronger Anti-Trust Laws deeded. The platform also declares unceasing warfare In Nation, state and city, against trusts and private monopolies In every form. - This declaration means that the laws now on the statute-books against this growing evil must be enforced by 'honest and competent officials, and that there shall be enacted other laws suffi ciently efficient to govern and control all trusts and monopolies. The baneful effects of these organizations cannot be estimated or described. They have grown up under the fostering care of tho party now In power, which has com pletely controlled all the lawmaking au thority for nearly four years. By Its inaction this party confesses Its inabil ity or disinclination, either of which is criminal, to deal with the trusts. If the people, therefore, would put a curb on the trusts they must vote the Govern ment out of the hands of the trusts. We recently saw a Republican Congress sur render the combination of the -Treasury vaults to tho armor-plate trust one day, and on a different day, for the benefit of another trust, withdrew the Constitution from our newly-acquired territory. The trusts now count the United States as one of their assets. They claim -to,, own Congress. Self-control is a great at tribute. These trusts, therefore, are In favor of the regulation of trusts by a Congress controlled by trusts." In other words, the trusts will trust the Congres sional trust to control the trusts. The serious objection to trusts is that by their methods they are rapidly acquiring all the business of tho country. They have driven out of business by their methods tens of thousands of theretoforo pros perous establishments, trading in a com paratively small way. The prosperity which they have created Is Republican, prosperity and not., the prosperity -the masses of the people or of the vast body known as the middle classes. Tfaoy mul tiply the fortunes of a few until they are many times millionaires. One of our trust magnates boasts that ho intends to die a billionaire. Still the sweatshops Increase, and the wages of those In the rural districts barely sustain life. The friends of the trusts and those who arc their Immediate beneficiaries do not hesitate to assert that the day of tho individual has passed. This being aamitxed then, the day of monopoly, the syndicate, the combine and tho mother of these, the trusts, is come. The man full of American vim and vigor, brains, skill and energy Is to count as nothing m the eternal fight for bread, and tho unfeeling, soulless and heartless corpora "tion is to rule. Financial Independence among the prosperous middle-classes and merchants of moderate means will depart, and they are to bo driven into financial obscurity and ruin. This is an alarming ly unhealthy condition, uhjust to the great majority of the people and alto gether un-American. If this fashion con tinues, ere long only a few masters will grasp the whole domain. Tho well-to-do and contented citizen will be dispossessed, and in t'je place of happy homes, un wieldy wealth and cumberous pomp wll repose. The rich man's wealth will In crease, while the poor will decay, and all t-I11 realize how wide the limit stands between a splendid and happy land. Gold, Grandeur, Greed and Glory. Under tho new policy of the ruliiur party our country would be dominated by trusts and the widespread and al most universal prosperity hitherto per vading the middlo classes, and which was peculiarly characteristic of America, will become an unhappy reminiscence. Tlfe. simple government of our fathers will be supplanted by the trust-rlddden em plro, and all will give way to the new order of things founded on gold, grand eur, agreed and glory. Our platform quotes with hearty ap proval tho following words of Thomas Jofferson: "Peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations; entangling alliances with none." These words were not Idle or meaning less when first uttered, nor are they now. Tho Republican party lias not" kept, and is not keeping, peace with other nations. It has entered into an entangling alll aoco which threatens to involve us, and which will In the end inevitably lead us to bloody wars. They have, as a part of their policy, mado an alliance with Great Britain, which at present, for prudential reasons only, they seek to conceal, but the fact Is apparent. It may not have tne solemnity of a formal alliance, but it is a secret understanding and agree ment. If this were not true, why was it that the Hay-Pauncefote treaty was negotiated, a treaty which abandons and virtually abrogates the Monroe Doctrine? Other evidences of the fact are manifest in tho startling declaration mado by one high in the party councils in Congress that our next war is to be with Germany, England's most powerful rival, In tho distribution by the Administration, through two or mora of the bureaus of the government of English llteraturo highly favorable to England in her con test with the Boer Republics, and still further facts that might be mentioned. "England Is anxiously seeking a closer friendship with us. If we accept her overtures and depart from our tradi tional policy of treating all nations im partially, we may gain her good-will, but can with entire confidence make appeal to the people for our country's rescue In this hour of oilr perlL "We appeal, to all who loathe Imperialism xand vener ate our Constitution. We appeal to all who desplsfr militarism and love liberty. "We appeal to all Who oppose high war taxes In time of peace and other In crease of taxes, and we favor a Just sys tem of revenue collection and all who In every way oppose unequal taxation. We appeal to all who. favor our hitherto free Institutions and equal opportunity for all under the law. We appeal to all who are willing to resist the ever-Increasing op pression and robbery of the trusts and monopolies. We appeal to all wh6 are opposed to the criminal aggression of forcible annexation and who do not 'fa vor having our flag float with Its pro tecting aegis over Sulu slaves and Ori ental harems. We appeal, in short, to all patriots and lovers of liberty, regard less of past party affiliations, to enlist In our cause and help triumphantly to bear our banner. In this Unparalleled contest we pledge you the earnest, zeal-, ous, unbought, unfaltering, enthusiastic, support of seven million voters of the Republic as you go forth to battle, and as the Constitution of our beloved land should follow its flag, so this undis mayed and unconquerable band of patri ots will follow you as you bear their flag to -victory In November. APPEALS TO THE BALLOT BTEVErrSOX-COi2riSlTS democratic CAUSE TO THE PEOtfijE. Expansion, Troats, Tariff Legislation and Other Questions Touched ( In His Speech. FENCES ON TUBLIC LAND. They Arc in Violation of Law and Must Be Removed. t. L. the only guiding star by which our hip H vri, be at the e3:Pense of Incurring of state can be safelv sailed iw Wnn-i- thc "l-'wm of all other nations with mat it nas served our- purpose well ,ind gloriously until of late, when another star the star of Imperialism lins hon ,i-,.t ed as the guide of our course. The plat- iviui niuL-ii i jmnaea you is a new decla ration of independence. Ton will see t takes no step backward upon any issue or party creed heretofore promulgated. It solemnly affirms that the question of imperialism is tho paramount Ismio of this campaign This declaration did not make it so. but only gave recognition to an admitted fact. The Republicans hve mRdo it the issue which in this campaign overtops all others. They mav well en deavor to run away from 1:. as they are doing, but they cannct escape It. 'By their fruitg,ye shall Jtno5rthemr. was the best philosophy JM0 years ago. and it Is the best now. Conquest Abroad, Oppression nt Home Imperialism consists in levying ipon the people and collecting from them unequal taxes. It consists In levying taxes In one territory of the United States, and not levying the same on other p. rtlons there of The Convolution sfs that nl shall be uniform throurhout the United States. The power to tax is the power to destroy. When those in power proceed as t Hev have done by rocent acts of -Ccn-grcss to construct a tariff wall against one territory and thus exclude Its prod ucts from other territories and states of the Union, seek to dodge this as they may. it is the eercie of imperial power. No King or Emperor can do more They cannot do the acts and deeds which can only be done in a kingdom or an empire and say they are not imperialists and that there is no lsuo of imperialism. The platform declares that Imperialism means conquest abroad and oppression at h-me-It means the strong arm of the military and Its concomitant, a great standing army, wHch has ever been fatal to all free institutions. It was this that drove from Eurojve to our shores millions of our fellow -citizens, and which is a con stant menace to the liberties of the peo ple. Large standing arrows have no place Jn a Republic An Imperial government c&n only he' maintained bv bruto tnr and without militarism imperialism can- I not exist. The union of the two brings I "" v.ijj.m, -netner uncer that or some other name. Imperialism means death to Democracy and Republicanism. 2v rins H,or' i-wwds iid fewer plow shares. Militarism means death to self governraeat and raore spears and fewer pramng-aooKS. In make the light thickest and hottest upon f whom we should live in peace and friend rrup. While for tho reason I have men tioned or from timidity, the Administra tion denies that such an alliance exists with England, the voice of the lotter Government is bolder and her object is openly avowed. In a public speech, startling In its character, her Secretary of State for the Colonies. Chamberlain, not long since said: ''The time has ar rived when Great Britain may be con fronted by a combination of powers, and our first duty, therefore, Is to draw all parts of the empire Into close unity, and our next to maintain the bonds of per manent unity with our kinsmen across the Atlantic There is a powerful and generous nation speaking our language, being of our race, and having Interests Identical with ours. I would go so far as to say that as terrible as war may be. even war itself would be cheaply purchased. If in a great and noble cause the Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack should wave together over the Anglo-Saxon alliance." If the Administration is Tiot openly, it Is covertly, but none tho less cer tainly, leading up to such an alliance as is described. What have bur patriotic citizens, born in lands other than Eng land, so say in such cxigehcy? We are opposed to all discrimination against our fatherlands In favor of Great Bri tain. Why should England or any other nation be singled out to become a special object to favoritism on our part. The immortal Washington in his farewell ad dress says: "Nothing is more essential than that permanent and inveterate an tipathy against particular nations and passionate attachments in others should be excluded and that In place of them just and amicable feelings towards all shrould be cultivated." WUIintr to Follow Dryan's Lead. I cannot without trespassing upon the propriety of this occasion further dis cuss or even make mention of the other issues of the campaign. The vast multi tude before us is Impatient and eager to catch the first utterance of your lips and hang on your eloquent words. I need not tell you that we will follow wher ever you lead, knowing that there never was and cannot bo a subllmer duty than tbat of defending and encouraging free dom at heme and championing It abroad. Our platform Is American. It was con structed by Americans for Americans. WASHINGTON, Aug. 5. The attention, of the General Land Office has recently been called' to the abusive and unlawful erection of fences on various sections of the public domain, particularly by sheep and cattle-herders, who' aim to protect and preserve to their own Use certain water courses, so essential to-a desirable pasture. Reports are coming In from spe cial agents In the states of the Middle West and the Pacific Coast that this un lawful erection of fences is growing rap idly, and that the local- land officers either fail to order their destruction and removal, of else their orders are disre garded. In some instances certain portions of the public domain are fenced In that is, surrounded by a continuous fence, with Occasional openings, which are guarded and used only by the herders whose flocks are inclosed. Such fences as these are thrown up about some lake or pond, which studs a fertile grazing plot, and holds that particular Bectlon for the ex clusive use of one party. This in itself i3 unlawful, as the statutes prescribe that no obstructions shall be erected on the public domain to'lnclose any portion of it. To get around this provision of the law, other ingenious herders have figured out a solution which provides for th6 con struction of what are known as "drltt" fences. A "drift" fence is merely a sin gle line of fence, which may follow a straight line, or the bank of a stream. It incloses nothing, in the ordinary sense of the word, and Is ostensibly erected to prevent the sheep 6r cattle from wander ing any considerable distance. But this Is Clearly not the main intention of these "drift" fences. In every case that has been reported they are built alongside a lake, pond or stream that affords, a de sirable watering-place for sheep or cattle, and operates to the benefit of tho herder on one side and to the exclusion of he hords on the othrer. For instance, a fence will be erected In a north and south line, just a little to the west of a small lake, and will extend unbroken for a distance of 20 or 25 miles in either direction. Such a fence would be built by the herder to the east of the lake, who thereby secures to his own flocks the exclusive use of the water of tho lake, and at the same time has the benefit of the rich pasture lands on all sides of the water. He docs not fence In this pasture by any means, but he knows full well that the herder on the west side of the fence is not going to drive his sheep or his cattle 25 -miles to 6ne end of the fence," and then 25 miles 1 back on the other side. So, in effect, he has practically -inclosed that desirable pasture land, and reserved Itrf or his own stock. In the strict sense of the law this man is also a violator, for it is decid edly unlawful for any man to obstruct the public domain In any way, so that he has any advantage over every other man. These Infringements have aroused Com missioner Hermann, of the General Land Office, and he has issued very emphatic directions to all special agents of the Land Office, directing them to seo that all such fences, either inclosures or "drift" fences, shall be removed without unnecessary delay. In some instances It has been shown that these fences have been erected by poor herders, who were ignorant of the law in the case, and who have not the means immediately to remove the obstructions, and to these a liberal allowance of time will be" made. But; where It Is shown that the fences were erected in direct defiance of law, no quarter will be given. The Commissioner is determined that the law in this regard must be enforced, and is using every pos sible means to secure that end. This illegal fencing is known In almost every grazing state of the West. It Is perhaps worst In New Mexico' and Ari zona, where the most daring encroach ments have been made, and where tho law Is almost generally disregarded. Fur ther north, In Colorado and Utah, there is more or less of this fencing, which ex tends clear up into Wyoming, Montana and the Dakotas, while occasionally in fringements are reported from Oregon and Washington, and as far east as MInne-1 sota. For a number of years the depart ment has had trouble of this sort with several sheepherders in Southeastern Oregon, and cases of this sort are now pending in the local courts. But the in fringements of the fencing law are not so frequent in Oregon as In states across the Rockies, where water is less abundant and good pasturage is at a higher pre-mium. nalf-MUllon From Trticlc Farming. Philadelphia Record. There are -over GOO acres of Philadelphia land under cultivation south of Porter street, in the district known as the Neck, and there is now living in Germantown a man who has amassed a fortune of ?CO0( CO0 In raising early vegetables in that lo cality. His two sons are still engaged In truck 'farming, although they have not the same chances as their father had dur ing the Civil War, when spinach sold for fS a barel, and onions brought $12 a barrel. The father, with his half million, has removed to a handsome country seat near Germantown, where he lives In opulence. He was an orphan, and at the age of 2L having been bound to a trucker, he wont with another man to work on a farm on shares. In two years he was able to take a farm of his own, and suc cess crowned his efforts. In those days LThe struggle for political supremacy', INDIANAPOLIS. Aug. 8. Governor Charles S. Thomas, of Colorado, today formally notified Adlal E. Stevenson of his nomination to be the- Democratic candi date for Vice-President. Governor Thomas said: "For a second time you have been chosen by the National Democracy as Its Vice-Presidential candidate. This signal honor is not Unprecedented, but it is none the less exceptional. Elected to-that high office eight -years ago, you discharged Its duties falthfully-and well, retiring with the respect, the.Jove and the con fidence of all the people. Thus endeared to your party, its recent action was both merited and appropriate. "Long before the Kansas City convention was called, its Presidential candidate had been selected. Its platform had been foreshadowedby that d Chicago and by the events of the succeeding years. To complete the ticket wisely and appropri ately was a serious and exigent duty. Arrayed against money, monopoly and militarism, the associate of our great leader should be' devoted to-the same Ideals, equipped for the same duties, in spired by the same convictions, and, pre pared to sustain the' same burden if Providence should so decree. Conscious of this great responsibility, but ready to meetit squarely," our convention on the first'ballot gave you Its (nomination. The Democracy long ago lndorsedits action. The people will gloriously Vindicate it. In November. "From the moment your name was pre sented by the great State of Illinois, no doubt existed as to the result. To the underlying principles Qf.-Democracy you had. ever been steadfastly loyal. Tou had traversed a long and honorable ca reer reaching from humble beginnings to the most exalted position save pne-ln the gift of, the people. You have been equal to every responsibility to -which your countrymen have called you. You justly possess In an usual degree the affections of men. Upon the great questions' of the hour'j'ou stand square with Bryan and the people, and In your nomination is given the full assurance of our desire to make our pledges and. our purposes effectual. "The campaign of 1900 is -no holiday af fair. Like that of Jefferson, it lnyolyes the great question whether the people or the classes shall rule, whether the prin ciples 'Of his Immortal declaration aro transient or fundamental. It holds before the public the gold and silver of-the Con stitution, tho freedom and the welfare of the citizens at home, the duty ot the Nation towards feeble communities strug gling for liberty and independence In dis tant lands. Democracy Is everywhere the aggressor. It demands the restoration of the bimetallic coinage of tho Consti tution. It denounces the surrender to private corporations of the - sovereign power of note issue. It protests against a currency system based and grounded upon the National debt. It would inter pose the mandate of tha law between monopoly and the people. It realizes that the trust and the Constitution cannot both endure and has wisely resolved that he Constitution shall live. It has sworn that the present and the future of the people shall not be measured by the sor did standards of avarice and greed. It would lift the reproach that commercial ism has placed, upon the honor of the Nation. It declares that Justice Is still the standing policy of our country. It wouldrescue lihertyifrom the atmosphere o. theeqUnting-ropm. It would. remove the .dollar, mark from' the-faoe of-duty-It wouldi rise to the height of -other anft betterjdays. ahc make tho-vDeclaratlon of Independence the. cominpn heritage, of the Cubaji and the Filipino. Each lighted his torco. at tne aitar or tne American union. We cannot reserve the one if we shall extinguish the other. Each welcomed us as a- common deliverer from a common ty rant. We cannot be true to one if we shall prove false-to the other. We bid both to be of good cheer. The bow of promise that gilds the Cuban sky is be hind the 'thunder cloud of the Orient Its splendor shines througn the solemn pledges pf our July convention, Its maj esty will be revealed in the elections of November. '"The attitdue of the Republican party ot lSttHsydnd must continue, to be a strange anomaly. It safely piloted the Nation thrpugh the awful perils of slavery, yet it would crnjure again into life that ter rible evil whose sepulcher Is sealed with the. blood and treasure of the Republic. .It 'justly claims the statesmanship of Seward' and Sumijer, while Its platform gives the He to their loftiest precepts. It cherishes the memory of Blaine, Dut De mocracy alone represent and asserts his Vigorous Americanism. It cheers McKin- ley. but repudiates the wisdom of his ut terances, upon the nature and essentials of fr?e government. It worships at the shrlni of Abraham Lincoln, but dares not as'k, his benediction upon It3 unholy scheme of Conquest. "In pleasing contrast, Democracy invokes in support of its great cause the memory and tho teaeh- ,ingsv rdf all our statesmen, jurists anu pnuosophers. It marshals them all under the banner of frccilnm I They live though they speak not. Their Presence consecrates the air around us, thpugh we See them not. With their ex ample before us and above us; with Brvan and SteVenspn to lead us, with the Declar ation and the Constitution to sustain us, ,we shall overcome .all the hosts of the mighty." t j Stevenson's Reply. - -Mr. -Stevenson's reply follows: I am profoundly grateful for the honor conferred upon me by my selection by the 'National Democratic Convention as Its candidate for the high office of Vice President of the United States. For the complimentary manner in which such ac tion has been officially made known to mo, I express toVou, Mr. Chairman, and 'to your honored associates of the com mittee my sincere thanks. Deeply impressed with a sense of the responsibility assumed by such candidacy, I accept the nomination So generously tendered mo. Should the action of the convention meet the approval of the peo ple in November, it will be my earnest endeavor to discharge with fidelity the duties of the great office, tt is wisely provided by the Constitu tion that at stated times political power snaii return to tne nanas or tne people. European power to subjugate a people wh060 only crime -is a death strugglerto maintain theirMlbertles. Tho earnest ut terances of the convention, that our sym pathies are with the Boers In their un equal struggle, meets a hearty response from all who venerate .the principles ofr our 'fathers. Is it not true that in all the past, a belief in the Inalienable rights of all peoples has been with us a living faith? That our sympathy has ever been .with the oppressed, with those wio re airusgnng xor a larger measure or. free- AC .... - . ... native and foreign-born. .It is Demo- ?- 1 " t? fell nV A 1 aya 1 1 UmJ J Jt f r battle -upon s. we will ksnise tirinnv can stand unon it And sun- port our nominees. c know that we tho farmer took his own produce to mar ket, and sold it direct to the consumer without the aid of the commission mer chant. Then, too, there was no compe tition from the South in the matter of early vegetables. The labor of boys could be had for ?2 or $3 a week, but all this is now changed. On Porter street, between Thirteenth and Sixteenth, there are two large public schoolhouses, and the boys who used to work on the farms, now attend school. The farmers are con sequently obliged to employ men at this season of the year and pay them 9 a week. WorUinsr on Oysters at Ynqulna Day. NEWPORT, Or., Aug. 8 -State Biologist Washburn is again at work on. Eastern oysters introduced in Yaqulna Bay. A large concrete pond has been made, Into which a pumping apparatus forces water from the bay at low tide at tho time when the water Is In best condition for Eastern oyster spawn. Oystor embryos are placied In this pond, and the biologist hopes 'to secure a catch of young or sesd oysters there" n. The United States Government Lis paying the expense of the Summer's work. upon which we are now entering, is one -"of deep moment to the American people. us supreme importance to ail conditions of our countrymen cannot be measured 'by words. The Ills resulting from unjust legislation and from unwise administra tion of the Government must find their remedj In the all-potent ballot. To It we 'now mako oUr solemn appeal. ' The chief purpose of the great conven tion" whoso representatives are before me was redress for existing wrongs, and J- security against perils yet greater which menace popular government. Your con vention, in language clear and unmistak able, has presented the vital Issues upon which the pending contest Is to be de- fterminod. To Its platform I give my earnest assent. Clearly and unequivocally the Demo cratic convention has expressed its sym pathy with the burghers of the South African Republics In their heroic at tempt to maintain free government. In this tho convention not only voiced the sentiments of American Democrats, but off liberty-loving men everywhere. It Is not strange that those who have kept the political faith of the author dt the 'Dec laration of Independence shoUld "express in this policy will be the abandonment wieir aDnorrcr.cc at tne eirort or a great j of the principles upon which our Govern- son our government was among the first to extend recognition to the Republics of France and Mexico, prompt to extend our sympathy, as wel as official recog nition, to the little South American States on their escape from the despot ism of Spain and upon their efforts to esiaonsn ror themselves representative governments fashioned after our own. History has but repeated itself, and the struggle r to maintain free government a century anda quarter after the promul gation of ,the Declaration of Independence has been transferred from the New World. to tho Old. Is it to be wondered, men, mat tno political aiscipies or Jer ferson should express their sympathy for the oppressed Ropubllcs of South Africa? Only those, who believe that our own country has outgrown the doctrines of the .fathers are In sympathy with Eng land's attempt to establish monarchy upon the ruins of republics. ' Revenue Legislation and Trusts. The lavish appropriations by the pres ent Republican Congress should chal lenge the attention of all thoughtful men. Subsidy bills and all unnecessary taxes are condemned by burn platform. The accumulation of surplus revenues is too' often the pretext for wasteful ap propriations of the public money. The millions' of surplus now accumulating In tho Treasury should remain la tho pock ets of the people. To -this end, the Dem ocratic party demands a reduction of war taxes to the actual needs of tho Government, and a return to the policy of strict economy In all governmental ex-nendltnrpjj. In apt words the Dlngley tariff law Is' condemned. It is tersely characterized as legislation skillfully devised in tho interest of a class, and to impose upon the many burdens which they should not bear. Adhering to the time-honored doctrine of the Democratic party, we op pose all tariff legislation the necessary .consequence of which is at the. expense of the consumer to secure unjust ad vantage to the favored few. Experience has demonstrated that unjust tariff laws have deprived the Government of needed revenues, secured to favored beneficiaries colossal fortunes, and largely increased to the people the cost of the necessaries of lifeJf The baleful, but logical, result of the tariff law condemned by- our plat form. Is seen In the sudden growth of giant monopolies, combinations in re straint of lawful trade, and "trusts," more threatening than foreign foe to the existence of popular government. Be lieving that "wherever there Is a wrong there must be a remedy," the Demo cratic party will favor such legislation as will curb the spirit of monopoly, and place an effective barrier again the un lawful combinations of capital which now prove an Insuperable obstacle to legitimate enterprise and investment. Tho deadly power of the trust is felt In a'l channels of trade. This Is but the be ginning. Is It too much to say that un less restrained by wholesome laws, wls'ely and efficiently administered, the danger becomes appalling? Fostered by the Dlngley tariff law. the trusts, during the present Republican Administration, have enormously Increased In number and In power. A determined, effort'for their sup pression must now be made. Delay would still further endanger every lawful busi ness Interest Qf the country. Tho im perative necessity for a remedy being conceded, the questton arises, Into whoso hands"" shall be cdmmitted the work of formulating laws looking to. the sup pression of trusts? . To whom shall be in trusted' the' execution .of sucHlaws? Shall of the overshadowing evil1? If to the lat ter, then a further lease of power to'the present- Administration" Is all fhnt is 'needed. "Can any sane' man" believe that the tryst evil is one that will cure Itself, or that its destruction will be compassed by those to whom it has brought prince ly fortunes? If so, let him point to a single honest, attempt of Republican of ficials to enforce the law now upon out statute books against tho most stupen dous commercial evil known to any period of our history. The Democratic party stands pledged to an unceasing warfare against private monopoly In every form. It demands the enforcement of existing laws against . trusts, and the enactment of laws yet more stringent. It wisely de mands publicity as to tho affairs of cor porations engaged in Inter-state com merce. As one means to the Important end of Curtailing the power of trusts, we favor such amendments of our tariff laws as will place the products of trusts upon the free list, and thereby prevent monopoly under the plea of protection. During almost four years of absolute Republican control of all departments of the government, the trust evil has grown to its present overshadowing proportions. What finger has been, lifted for its sup pression? With its friends again en trenched in power,' what hope is held out for tho future? . Railroad Discrimination. At this hour I can but allude in brief words to other needed reforms, to which the attention of the country is called by the Democratic platform. Prominent among these' is such enlargement of the scope of the inter-state commerce law as will protect the public from unjust trans portation rates, and individuals from un fair discrimination. As is well known, tills law has failed to effect the wise pur pose for which it was enacted. In fact, it is now little more than tt dead letter upon tho statute bdbks. Under well-considered amendments, the commission should be vested with ample porter to prevent injustice both to Individuals and to the public. Our platform favors the creation of a Department of Labor,- whose chief offi cers shall take rank with other Con stitutional advisers of the President. This Is in tho Interest of justice, and will prove an Important step looking to tho proper recognition and encouragement of the producers of wealth. In explicit terms it favors liberal pen sions to our soldiers and sailors and to those dependent upon them. With equal justice It reiterates the de mands of a former Democratic platform for blmetallsm; the restoration of silver' to Its proper 'function In our monetary system. For the protection of the home laborer it demands the enforcement Of the Chi nese exclusion act. And in the interest of an enlarged com merce it favors the Immediate construc tion of tho Nicaragua Canal. Tills, hoW over, with the provision that It shall re main forever under the exclusive owner ship and control of the United States. The pending Hay-Pauncefote treaty Is con demned as a surrender of American rights, not to be tolerated by the Amer ican people. In the construction and con trol of this great work, there can be ho concession of rights to any European power. Commercial Interests and Nation al safety In time of war alike demand its permanent ownership by our Govern maeit. Expamlon. A question is yet to be discussed to which all of these are of secondary Im portance. It Is solemnly declared by aur platform to be. of paramount Import ance. Questions of domestic policy, how ever important, may be but questions 'of tho hour that of Imperialism is for time. In. the presence of this stupendous Issue others seem but as the dust In the bal ance. In no sense paltering with words, it is the supreme question of republic1 or empire. Tho words of the eminent Re publican Senator, Mr. Hoar, challenge attention: I believe that perseverance ment Is founded; that it will change our Government, into an empire; that our methods of legislation, of diplomacy, of administration. must hereafter be those which belong to empires." and not those which belong to republics." " Ujoh e,vcr paas& of our foreign pol icy iho language offtha Democratic pkit f ormTlstoo clear to admit of misconstruc tion. It favors trado expansion by all peaceful and lawful means. We "believe that liberty, as well as the Constitution, follows the flag. Democrats, In common dom for self-government? For-this rea- L "with many Republicans, oppose the Porto RJcan law as a violation of the Cbnsti- tution and a flagrant breach of good faith toward a dependent "people. It im poses government without the consent cf tho governed. It is In Conflict vlth: that provision of the Constitution which de clares that "duties. Imports and excises shall "bo uniform throughout the United States." Believing that this Constitu tional provision applies to every part -of tho United States, wo condemn the tariff taxation imposed by a Republican Con gress upon the .helpless and distressed people of Porto Rico. Such legislation inspired solely by greed Is Indeed the harbinger of evil to the Republic. The attempt to collect unjust taxes with one hand and with the other to return them In part to a plundered people Is utterly without Constitutional warrant or justifi cation. Wo give our, earnest assent to the declaration, "Our plain duty Is to abolish all custom tariffs between the United States and Porto Rico, and give her products access to our markets." No party exigency or pressure could Justify a departure by tho President from the plain pathway of duty he had here so .clearly indicated. The law Imposing tariff duties upon the peop!6 of Porto Rico is a palpable violation of the Con stitution and a flagrant breach of the pledged faith of the Nation. The Democratic platform condemns the policy pursued by the present, .minis tration toward tho Philippine Islands. This policy Inspired by tne great spirit of- commercialism has embroiled our Government in an unnecessary war. sac rificing valuable lives, and placed the American Republic in-deadly antagonism to our former afiles in their efforts to secure their liberties. For the first time In our history, we aro boldly confronted with the question of "imperialism the spirit of empire." - Sees the Shadow of Empire. This is, indeed, the "supreme question, to which all others are of secondary Im portance. Before we break irrevocably with the past and abandon the doctrines of the fathers. It Is welt that we deliber ate upon the consequences of a. perma nent departure from the settled Govern mental policy of more than a century. Tho success of the Imperialistic policy foreshadows tho empire. Shall the clos ing hours of the century witness the American people abandoning the sure pp.thway In which past generations have formed prosperity and happiness, and embarking upon that of aggression and conquest, against which we are warned by the wrecks that He along the entire pathway of history? Standings out against the new policy of conquest, with all that it liivolVes of European complica tion, are the warnings of the founders or the Republic. Out of fasmon as It may appear, I quote the last worus of Wash ington to the oncoming generations of his countrymen: "The great rule of conduct for us In regard to foreign Ra tions is, In extending our commercial re lations, to have with tnem as little po litical connection as possible. Our first and fundamental maxim should bo never to entangle ourselves In tne broils of Europe." Is It not well to ponder these warnings before permanently embark ing upon an untried pathway beset with foreign jealousies, complications and an tagonisms? The Democratic party has ever been the advocate of wise territorial expan sion. It was In control of the Govern ment during .40 years of the first half of the present century. .During that period new states were admitted into the Federal Union, and our Western Border extended' beyond the Mississippi. Out Of thrf Louisiana- country acquired under tho first Democratic Administration. have been carved 14 magnificent states. Under a later Democratic Administra tion and as the result of the treaty which terminated our war with Mexico wo acquired California and neighboring states and territories, thus bringing under our flag, to remain forever, the vast ex panse stretchins to the Pacific Ocean. Tho policy of aggressive expansion of subjugation of distant islands pursued by the present Administration finds no prec edent in the peaceable cession of tho Louisiana country by Napoleon, that of F'lorida by Spain, nor that, yet later, of the vast Western area, by Mexico. Tho territory acquired under Democratic Administration was, with favorable cli matic conditions, the fit abode for men of our own race. At the time of annex ation it passed under the rule of the Anglo-Saxon, who carried with, him our language and our laws. It was territory contiguous to oUr own, and acquired with the declared intention when tee condi tions and population would Justify of carving it into states. The result: Mil lions of American homes, our National wealth increased beyond the dream of avarice, and the United States chief among the nations of the earth. Can it be that the new policy of forci ble annexation of distant Islands fhids precedent in the historic events I have mentioned? The answer is found in the bare statement of facts. The territory acquired under- Democratic Administra tion is contiguous the Philippine Islands 000 miles distant. The acquisition ot territory upon cur own continent added littlo to the National expense to main tain permanent sovereignty over the dis tant islands,, necessitates immense exper ditures upon our Army and Navy. More than that, it contemplates methods of administration that pertain, not to the republic, But to tho empire. Can It be doubted that the attempt to stifle the spirit of liberty; abroad will Imperil ppp ulor government at home? Future of New Possessions What is proposed by e party In power for tho government of these islands? If It be intended to establish there our political institutions, what, then, be comes of-the Monroe Doctrine? This vital international policy, announced by the President of the United States 71 years ago, was: "We owe it therefore to candor and to the amicable relations ex isting between tho United States and those powere to declare that we should consider any attempt on xtheir part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peaco and safety." This was supple mented by a disclaimer in substance upon our part of any intention to force our Institutions upon the nacions of Europe or their dependencies. The Monroe Doc trine is "wholesome and enduring. It Is the faith of Americans of every creed and party Is of the Very warp and woof of our political being. It was promul gated at the critical mordent when the 'Uioly alliance" was attempting to stifle the republican spirit and re-establish tho despotism of Spain upon her revolted colonies in South America and In Mex ico. The essence of the doctrine, as then understdod by the world, was, while we forbid the establishment of despotic gov ernments upon the American Continents. we recognize the corresponding obligation to refrain from any attempt to force our political system upon any part of tho Old World. This has been our settled rule of faith and practice for more than three-quarters of a century. Its promul gation defeated tlie purpose ot the "holy alliance," and destroyed forever the power of Spain upon this continent. Under It, Louis Napoleon, a third of a century ago, was compelled to withdraw the French .Army from Mexico and leave tho Ill-starred Maximilian to his fate. Under It-the empire established by for eign bayonets disappeared, and the re public was restored. Are we now to say we still recognize the binding force of this doctrine upon other nations, but not upon our own? If ultimate statehood for the'ie remote islands and others yet to be conquered be displayed, how then are they to ba held and erdverhpd? THa ortlv JilfprnatlVn is "by force by the power of the Army j f and of the Navy and this not for a day or for a year, but for time. What, then becomes of the bedrock principle thaC "governments derive, their Just powetsJ from the consent ot the governed"? K they are to be held permanently as con quered provinces. It will be not only outside of the Constitution, but In di rect antagonism to tho letter and spirit of our Declaration of Independence. It Is no less true now than In the days ot our revolution, that "government by ar bitrary power is still despotism." Tho attempt, then, either to give these peopla American citizenship or to hold them aa subjects, is to us fraught alilca & peril. Should there be an immediate dec laration by our Government of its pur pose towards them? 'xney should bo given unmistakable assurance of Inde pendence. Protection by our Govern ment should not now be wltaueld against OUtsIdp lntnrfiriTM Tho eama. nmtoiv. tlon should be theirs heretofore extended. to the little states of Central and South. America. Under existing conditions, there should bo no hesitation upon our part In giving them protection against the cupidity or aggressive spirit of other nations. All this, not to the end of sub jugation or ot conquest upon our part, but to that of the full enjoyment by them of liberty, and of the ultimata establish ment of a stable government fashioned by their own. hands. Departs From Our Tradition. Against this policy- stands Imperialism. In American politics the word Is new fortunately the poller 13 new. We aro today becoming familiar with Its mean ing, with Its forebodings and the end Is not yet. It means a permanent de parture from all the traditions of tho past: from the high ideals of the found ers of the Republic. It abrogates th f holding of our great court that th Declaration of Independence Is the spirit of the Government the Constitution but Its form and letter. Imperialism knows nothing of limitations of power. Ita rule it outside the Constitution. It means the establishment by the Amer ican Republic of the colonial methods ot European monarchies. It means tha right to hold alien people as subjects. It enthrones force as tho controlling agency in government. It meau3 the em pire. As a necessary corollary to Imperial ism will come tho Immenso standing army. The dead hand ot militarism will be left In the New World, as It 13 in tho old. The strong arm of power will bo substituted for the peaceable agencies which for more than a century have made our people contented and happy It was Jefferson who snldr "A well-d'scl-pllned militia our best reliance In peaca and for the first moments of war." Truo at the beginning of tho century with a few millions of population, no less truo at the close, as we stand In the fore front ot the nations with a population of eighty millions. The result of our recent conflict with Spain gives em phasis to the prophetSc words of Jeffer son. Existing conditions In Continental Europe entailing taxation and misery to the verge ot human endurance illus trate by sad object lesson the Inevitable result of large standing armies In tlrna of pence. Shall we still give heed to the warning of the great sage of the Revolu tion, or enter upon a new century with European monarchies as our model? Without a large standing armv, but re lying upon the patriotism and courage of American manhood, we were victori ous in the second great war with Great Britain, with Mexico, in the great civil strife, and with Spain. In the .light ot history, can it be possible that the Ameri can people will consent to the perma nent establishment of a large standing army, and its consequent continuing and ever-increasing burden of taxation? We are told that our Republic Is now to become "aTvorld power." In the high est sense with the Declaration of Inde pendence as Its corner-stone It has been In all its past a world power. It has been the lofty Ideal to all liberty-loving peo ple, the model for all builders ot re publics for more than, a century. In the -sense used by Imperialists the expression Is one of terrible .significance. It neces sitates the methods and equipments of monarchies. It means the creation and maintenance by our Republic of standing armies equal to those of the world powers of Europe. At no les cost can wa hold place as a world power. Study existing conditions in European nations, and know what all this means to- us. It means taxation to the verge of despair. It means, as has been truly said, "that every laborer must carry an armed sol dier upon his back as ho goes to his daily toll." All history teaches that the corner-stone of Imperialism is tho forco of the standing army. We stand one hundred years from tha hour when the political forces were gathering which were to result in the election of the first Democratic President. The anniversary of the masterful day in our history was wisely chosen for tho assembling in convention of the repre sentatives of the historic party whoso founder was Jackson and whoso plat form is the Declaration of Independence. In the great struggle now upon us, wo Invoke tho co-operation of all who re vere the memory of the fathers, and to whom thl3 Declaration is not an un meaning parchment but tho enduring chart of our liberties. Upon tho supreme issue now in the forefront and to tho end that republican government be per petuatedwe appeal to the sober Judg ment and patriotism ot the American people. Rev. 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