Morning Oregonian., August 01, 1900, Page 10, Image 10

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THJ3 MCmmNG OKEGOXIAK, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 1, 1900.
DUTCH GALLERIES: BY F. HOPKINSON SMITH
(Copyright, 1900. by Seymour Eaton.)
THE OREOONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE: DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR FATON
FAMOUS ART GALLERIES
OF THE WORLD
IT.
!The young painter who studies the gal
leries of Holland will soon discover that
the splendid and inspiring art of the
Butch belongs to a school In Itself, rep
resenting a phase in European develop
ment that Is unique, altogether distinct
in Its impulses and ideals from those
which animated the contemporaneous
workers in Italy, or, again, though not in
so marked a degree, from those which
ruled In Flanders.
There are many reasons why this sena
rateness, as it were, from the general
trend of European development should
inevitably hold true of Holland.
Here was a brave little country, cut
off by many causes from sympathy with
its neighbors, fighting not only against
the inroads of the sea for its life, but
for its very existence against the en
croachments of contiguous countries, and
the almost overwhelming jealousies of
Spain. Liberty was the national cry, and
having won it against fearful odds Its
defenders claimed the right to their own
ideals. The Dutch, like all wide-awake,
vigorous and successful people, became,
when once convinced of their own powers,
tremendously interested in themselves.
In each other and In the things about
them. They were all busy, and they flt
themselves to be great. The dreamy,
the thoughtful, the poetic and the vision
ary made no appeal to them, as to the
Latin race&. They found their ideals in
the actual and the every-day. Their
di earns were realities; their poems were
the great deeds of which they boasted.
And why not? They were unconquered
and the' were conquerors, and. despite
all the boasts and proclamations of older
nations and peoples, they, simple and
unknown as they had ben found them
selves victors undisputed possessors of
themselves.
Like successful men. therefore, who
have made themselves, their own way
and manner of doing everything seemed
the best way and manner, and nothing
else Interested them so much as their
own affairs Their form of government
proves this, and so does their art, which
is of the people and for the people and
by the people.
That is why burgomasters, councilors,
their wives and their children; the life
Of the streets, of the canals; the dikes
and the farm, all absorb them since all
were important, having in some way con
tributed to the national success. That Is
why. too, that which Is called genre
painting attained peculiar eminence
among these people. It sprung from an
interest In surrounding things, and 'cor
responds to what we call local color in
fiction or absorption In details. This, too.
Is why they excel, as they do, In por
traiture; every man ho'dlng a cKIc po
sition having been painted every roister
er of prominence, every soldier, every
Innkeeper.
It must not be forgotten, too, that the
religion of the people isolated them in
their art from the ideals of the Latin
races and affected their art. Protest
antism with them was uncompromising
and direct; concerned with precepts and
every-day actualities, and the symbolism
and Idealism of Catholic countries had
no part in it. The churches were never
adorned. No mysteries of religion were
portrayed on the walls. They reserved
mural decorations for their town halls
and public buildings, and when some man
went so far as to want a Holy Family
the wife of a prosperous burgomaster, in
puffed sleeves and big petticoats, was con
sidered as good a Madonna as one who
eat on clouds and looked down!
There are three galleries in Holland In
which the greatest works of the great
Dutch masters are grouped. These are at
Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam.
But "he student should not miss the town
hall at Hr.arlem, where the most Import
ant works of Franz, Hals are to be found.
The work of two men Rembrandt and
Franz Hals, the two greatest of Dutch
masters Is famous the world over. In a
lesser degree, though still as recognised
masters arc Tan der Heist Jnn stn
Ruysdael, Wouverman, Van Ostade. Paul
Potter and Cuyp. each affecting not onlv
the art of their time, but that of Eu
rPe" They are all represented In the
three galleries just named, and the voung
artist in his tour through them might
easily content himself with a study or
these alone. There are scores of other
painters Dutch and Flemish to he seen
whose names make only the Impression
of unpronotmceableness and whose works
only add to the general confusion. Stlll
lifc painters, with pots and kettles and
cabbages, and marine painters, with
Dutch luggers built like their vrous in
teriors with spots of light from a win
dow, the rest a grimy canvas; stable
yards, with imitations of Wouverman
a white horse in a distant stretch of
country. Several foreign artists, such as
Buhens. Murlllo and others, are also rep
resented. The student, of course. If he chooses,
irm- look at them all. or he mar if he
likes adopt my way-walk down the acre
age of canvas until some one picture calls
to him to stop then stand still and 1I
tcn. Rembrandt will always call to him to
stop, no matter how small the head or
unimportant apparently the canvas. If
musi ooneve all that hinnic
have disagreed In declaring for this su
preme master, who was born at Levden
on July 5. 1C07. we should have to" be
lieve not only that he had been born
rich, but that he had been born poor
that his parents had been respectable
and that they had been paupers; that
he had been a roisterer, and 'again that
he had been a reputable citizen, the
friend of magistrates and governors. But
we do know that he was destined for
the law. and that, like many another
genius, he insisted upon deciding for him
fcelf. and so became a painter. He studied
under many masters, but was his own
greatest teacher. He lived at Amsterdam
having married Sashla van Ulenburch.
Rembrandt's portraits of this wife are
famous for their beauty of technique and
their fidelity and the glimpses which thev
give of their short-lived happiness. Ho
was oniy $ years or age when he painted
"The Night "Watch." a work pronounced
by all critics his masterpiece.
This picture, sometimes called "The
Sortie.' represents the sudden call to
arms of the civic guard under Captain
Frans Banning Cock. The guard Is
emerging from Its gulldhouse headed by
its captain, who wears a dark brown,
almost black, costume. Next the leader
marches Lieutenant Rlntentjerg in a gor
geous jerkin of brilliant yellow. Press
in forward out of the background, car
rying their arms, can be seen the mem
bers of the troop, clad In somber tones.
relieved by flashes of color, while a gay
ly attired girl with a dead cock hanging
from her girdle stands to the left of the
principal figures. The flag carired bv the
flagbearer waves aloft. The scheme of
color is one beloved by Rembrandt a
golden yellow, in contrast with black,
relieved and accentuated by touches of
vermiUion and rich ultramarines. There
is a strength, a power and movement In
this rtbble work which class it amons
the five great pictures of the world and
give to Rembrandt first place In his art.
For many years this painting was sup
posed to picture a sortie by night, but
when it was cleaned by Hopman in 1SSS
and Its smoke and dust removed, the
brilliancy of the sunlight was discovered.
In this picture Rembrandt made a dis
tinct departure, not only in composition,
technique, picturesque values, but in a
certain human interest, from the works
of all his predecessors illustrating civic
life, even outdistancing the records made
In his own previous works, JJe broke i
away from the conventional and the alle-
gorical and spoke his meaning clearly.
basink it npon a study of nature, and
yet in doing this he embodied the very
whip and spur of chic heroism. The
student will always find this quality of
the spiritual, as it were. In Rembrandt
apart from his technique and his art of
composition. His finger is on the pulse
of National feeling. He never misses the
sincerity of the old burghers nor their
earnestness nor their Integrity. In his
other great picture at The Hague, "The
Lesson in Anatomy," .It Is the spirit of
science Itself which is exalted, and details
which might have created an Impression
of the horrible are altogether subordi
nated to the consecrated purpose of the
inquiring mind.
Franz Hals, like Rembrandt," will never
let the student pass. He Is best studied
at Haarlem, although In the Ryks mu -
seum. the Museum Van der Hoop and J try. They are in the northern part of
the Rathhaus, or town hall, at Amster-! the country, and it is In them that Amer
dam. and again at The Hague and at ' lean goods seem to be In the greatest
Rotterdam, some splendid examples are ' favor. The growth of our trade in that
sho'wn. At Haarlem, though, in the mu- section is described somewhat in detail
seum of the town hall, are his eight great- by a recent publication of the Treasury
est pictures. I Bureau of Statistics, which describes
This Dutchman paints with a virility Tien Tsin as the most Important city
few men have equaled; not with the mus- of Northern China, being located at tho
RE3I3RA3VDT.
cles of his fingers, but with the muscle-?
that start from the broad' of his back,
tingling along his arms and down into
his finger tips; strong, fine strokes each
one a master. Every time he piles up
a little heap of pigments on his palette,
smashes It with his brush and then de
livers It upon his canvas, it is done with
the skill of a marksman, the sureness
of a surgeon and the deftness of an en-
rimnMT-t nf nnlnt nnfr1rl hlnr.Hi: Hlo P5C-
act tone, hits the exact spot and obtains
the exact result Our own John Sargent
sometimes hits a similar mark, but I
know of no other painter of modern or
other times who can and docs.
He lived at Haarlem, the city adorned
with his greatest paintings, dying there
In 1CC6, In his S2d or S3d year. Stories of
his life are as much at variance as those
which pictured Rembrandt; but, like
Rembrandt, he still boasted many impor
tant friends, and had a wife whom he
delighted to portray. In his old age he
received a pension from the City Council.
He is the Velasquez of the north and a
master of the brush In composition and
in his grasp of character.
There are other Dutch masterpieces
which can be studied with profit in the
three great galleries. At Amsterdam, in
the Ryks museum, for Instance, Is the
"Banquet of the Civic Guard," by Van
der Heist. He ranks next after Frans
Hals as a painter of portraits. The "Par
rot's Cage," by Van Steen, and the
"Waterfall," by Ruysdael, are in this
gallery. At The Hague one will find the
"Chariot de Foin." by Wouverman, a
celebrated historical painter, and the "Old
Man In His Study," by Van Ostade. whose
effects In chiaroscuro have given him
eminence. At Rotterdam are the "Mussel
Eater," by Cuyp, and the "Young Bull,"
by Paul Potter.
It Is difficult to understand why this
last example of bad realism by Potter
could have attained anything but noto
riety since the day it was signed by its
creator. It Is, perhaps, because the sub
ject is one familiar to all men. The pic
ture represents a boneless bull, standing
broadside on, attended by two members
of his family, and watched over by a
man who must be either without legs or
standing In a hole three feet deep. The
patience with which the painter worked
on the hair which covers the bull's sides
and head could be commended if It were
not apparent that the size of each hair
In proportion to the size of the picture
would be as large as the handle of the
brush that painted it. A Van Marck or
Bonheur hung beside this world-famous
picture would decrease Its popularity and
rob it of much of Its prestige.
A special study of the Dutch painters
must prove of Inestimable value to the
American student. For we, too, are a
young people. We have suddenly proved
our powers and convinced our neighbors.
Like the Dutch, we are Interested In our
selves, and we have about us artistic
materials which. If properly used, will
not only Interest our own art-lovers, but
those of the world.
New York City.
A Tfovel Temperance Society.
Great Bend (Kan.) Cor. Kansas City Times.
A peculiar society, having as its object
the suppression of the liquor traffic, has
been organised In Great Bend. The or
ganization is composed of the society
young women of the town, and is called
the D. D. M. B. Club. The initials stand
for "Don't Drink. My Soy." The girls
stand on guard all day' long, each a day
at a time, taking note or those who pa
tronize the saloons. A complete record Is
kept of those with whom they are per-
Slnacum or Art, The Hague.
i 1
adw
j sonally acquainted, but the club is espe
cially directed towards suppressing the
evil anjong the young: men of the town.
Meetings are held once a week to ex
change information which they have se
cured. On first offense that is, the first discov
ered offense a card is sent to the young
I man informing him that he has been seen
J entering a certain saloon at a certain hour
on a certain day, and if the offense is re
peated he can conslderhlmself ostracized
by the good society of Great Bend. The
club members are pledged never to tell
an outsider the name of the offender, but
If the offense is repeated they make his
name public In a little pamphlet, called
the Monthly Bar Record.
TEE PORTS OF CHINA.
How Speedily Trade Grows When
Once a Foothold Is Obtained. '
Tien Tsln, New Chwang and Che Foo,
which are mentioned as the points of
greatest activity and danger, aside from
Pekin, the capital, in the present troubles
In China, are especially Important in re-
'. lation to American trade in that coun-
head of the Gulf of Pechlll, and but
miles from tne capital, Pekln, with
which It Is connected by water and by a
railway line. Another complete railway
line run northwestwardly to Shan Hal
Kwan, and an elaborate railway system
is projected southward from this pojnt
through the populous provinces of
Ehan lung and Klang Su to connect Tien
Tsin wita Shanghai. In addition to these,
the Grand Canal, the most Important of
the artificial waterways of China, has
for centuries connected Tien Tsln with
the Yangtse-KIang and Shanghai. It3
population is in round numbers 1,000,003,
and its imports, which In 1SS8 were less
than 29,000,000 haikwan taels, were In lo97
more tnan 53,000,000 haikwan taels, having
thus nearly doubled during the decade.
Th.e Commissioner of Customs says:
"It is astonishing how speedily Chinese,
despite their reputed conservatism, adapt
themselves to a new environment and
make the most of increased transport fa
cilities offered them. Already Pekln fruit
is sent direct to Taku for shipment south,
and Pekln Is similarly supplied with
southern fruit, and traffic generally de
veloped so rapidly that -It soon becamo
necessary to double the line."
Consul Reade of the United States, says
that Tien Tsln ranks in commercial Im
portance next to Shanghai and Canton,
and a report to the State Department
says; "Tden Tsin, by Its geographical posi
tion, is the point xt collection and dis
tribution of all merchandise destined for
the United States or intended for con
sumption In the northern provinces of
China. Direct shipments from the United
States to Tien Tsln are impracticable,, it
being In all cases more advantageous to
ship to Shanghai or Hong Kong and
then transship to the steamers of light
draft that ply between these ports and
Tien Tsln."
Che Foo Is considered an extremely im
portant treaty port by reason of the con
stant and growing demand for Ameri
can goods at that point It Is located
on the Gulf of Pechili, comparatively
near Tien Tsin, but nearer to the Brit
ish port of Wei Hal Wei, and Its Im
portance to American Interests is pic
tured by Consul Fowler In a report to
the State Department, in which he says:
"It is satisfactory to see that during
the six months under review the follow
ing American goods show a gain over
the same period of ,1898: Drills, 13,214
pieces; sheetings. 11,040 pieces; kero
sene oil, 942,060 gallons. It Is worthy of
note that of the S6 classes of foreign
merchandise showing a gain in the table
of Imports, 27 are imported from gold
standard countries, and only 9 from Asia
or silver-standard countries; this In spite
of the enhanced value due to the tre
mendous fall In silver. Of the 22 classes
of foreign merchandise that show a de
cline, S are Imports from gold-standard
countries, and 14 from silver-standard
countries."
New Chwang, while a comparatively
small city of but 60,000 population, Is of
especial importance to the United States
as a treaty port. It Is located at the
extreme north of the Gulf of Pechili, con
siderably farther north than Tien Tsln,
and is of especial importance to the
United States, because of the demand for
goods of this country In that section.
American cottons, oils and American
manufactures generally are in .great de
mand in the Province of Shingklng, of
which New Chwang is the treaty port
and most Important city, and goods reach
the Interior by the Muren River, which
Is navigable nearly to the northern border
of the province. The proposed Russian
Tallway line, which is. projected through
Manchuria and the Province of Shlngklng
to Port Arthur, passes near New Chwang,
and It Is to be connected by a short line.
Another, a British line, will connect New
Chwang with Shan Hai Kwan, which Is
already in railroad connection with Pekln.
Torture Falls at Last.
Dondon Chronicle.
It Is said that when criminals were
crucified they not Infrequently fell asleep
while racking with pain on their gibbets,
and Lord Loch records an Incident show
ing how even In the shadow of torture
and death the attention may be dis
tracted. When he and Sir Harry Parkes
were entering Pekln, bound hand and foot,
and lying in the bottom of a cart after
a most agonising drive, the streets were
thronged, and the curious crowds pressed
close to see the prisoners.. Among them
were women in chairs, and Parkes sud
denly exclaimed: "How beautiful!"
"What?" Inquired Lord Loch. "That
woman," rejoined Parkes. Lord Loch
painfully drew his head up to the edge
of the cart and beheld one of the loveliest
faces be ever saw. but one utterly de
void of feeling or intellectual expression.
80
CHINESE SECRET BODIES
BOXERS REPRESENT FORCES OP
POSED TO MODERN CIYXUSATIOX.
Members of the Dreaded Triad "Were
the Chief Actors in the Ter
rible Tal Pln Rebellion.
A Chinese riot belongs to the same class
of sdcial phenomena as a South or Cen
tral American revolution, says Margher
lta A. Hamm In the Independent. The
chief difference Is that It Is usually car
ried on against a local official or admin
istration, and very rarely against a high
er authority. Riots against provincial
governments occur abqut once in twenty
five years, while a widely extended riot
directed against the central -government
does not take place more than once in
a century.
From time immemorial the middle king
dom has been a hotbed of secret societies
of" a political character. Ostensibly these
organizations are based upon fraternity,
civic spirit, benevolence, piety or religion.
Actually they are of a political or indus-trlo-polltlcal
character. It is .difficult to
get full particulars of either the organi
zations, the movements or riots in which
they have been engagsd from the Chinese
records or official histories. " The time
honored policy of the empire Is to sup
press all reference to persons or events
which cast discredit upon authority. It
Is easy, however, to get an Inkling of
the subject from the lawB or edicts pro
hibiting specific organizations.
If the law be short and sweet the so
ciety Is small and weak. If the law is
long and carefully drawn the society Is
large and widely ramified. If the law be
a proclamation of an inordinate length,
abounding with penalties and instructions
to magl3trateo, then the society is so
powerful as to be a menace or to be so
regarded by the Kiun-Kl-Chu of council
of state.
Employing this method of determination
It Is not a difficult task to see what revo
lutionary societies or movements have
given alarm to the authorities at Pekln.
It must be remembered that China Is
not uniform in its population, language
and customs. The Chinese form ono vast
body, and the Manchus. who constitute
tho ruling classes, are different In every
respect. Two centuries and a half have
not yet "brought about a coalescence of
the two nationalities. In his heart the
Chinaman proper detests the Manchu, and
regards him as a usurper and tyrant. The
expression Fan Kwl, or foreign devil. Is
applied by, the conquered race much more
frequently to the Manchu than to the
European. In fact, Its application to tho
latter enables patriotic Chinamen to ex
press revolutionary sentiments with com
parative impunity.
After the Manchurlan conquest the con
quered population formed by degrees a
great secret society, looking forward to
the expulsion of their conquerors and the
reinstatement of the Mings upon the Im
perial throne. With characteristic cun
ning the leaders of the movement dis
guised their organization as a religious
body, and gave It the title of Wan Kiang,
or the incense burners, the burning of In
cense at that time asytoday being a re
ligious ceremony of universal use. The
Wan Klang organized and conducted so
many riots in the Inst century that It was
finally prohibited by law.
Tho first edict proving Ineffective, sub
sequent and severer ones were passed, un
der which many terrible prosecutions were
conducted by. the Magistrates. The result
was that the Wan Klang vanished. Its
five grand lodge disappeared, and its
very name passed away before the end
of the century. But there suddenly sprang
up a new organization, known as the Plh-Llen-Klao,
or Water Lily Society. Like
its predecessor, It had five grand lodges,
and a ritual so closely resembling that of
the first that many who know the Chi
nese character feel justified in calling It
the same body under another name. This
society ran into the present century, and
was likewise prohibited by the Council of
State, Similar prosecutions were conduct
ed by the Magistrates until one fine day
the Water Lilies vanished.
Around 1820-1821 a new society organ
ized exactly as the Water Lily ap
peared In the empire. This was the fa
mous Triad Society, known In the north
ern provinces as the Tlen-Tl Hwul, In the
middle provinces as San-Hoh-Hwul, and
in the southern provinces as Sam-Hop
Wul. This Is the powerful body whose
members, under the name of the Hung
League, were the chief actors In the
terrible Talplng rebellion, which raged
from 1S50-1851 to 1865, a rebellion In which
anywhere from 20,000,000 to 30,000,000 human
beings wore caused to perish. The
crushing of the rebellion and the terrible
punishment meted out to the rebel survi
vors kept the Triad for a long time In
the background. Not until the 70s did it
make any appreciable appearance, and
even then It was under many other names
besides the one notorious In the ears of
the magistrates. In Fuhklen, a rebellious
province, It -took the name of Gheen
Hln; In northern Kwang Tung, of Ghl
Hlng; in southern Kwang Tung. In Hu
nan, Hupeh and Honan, of Ko-Lo-Wul
or "Ko-Lao-Hwui.
In the 80s it began to Instigate riots
in China, and incidentally to use Hong
Kong as a base of supplies. The Pekln
authorities complained to the British Min
ister, and the result was the passage of
statutes compelling the registration of all
Chinese secret societies In the far east
ern colonies of Great Britain, and finally
the prohibition of the Triad.
Aa might be expected, the prohibition
had merely a nominal effect. In 1888, just
prior to the prohibition, the number of
members of Chinese secret societies, in
cluding those of the Triad, in Hong Kong.
Singapore and Pen&ng, was about equal to
the male Chinese population of those three
cities, while In 1893, with no Triad society
appearing upon the registers, the registra
tion had kept pace with the population,
which was SO per cent larger than it had
been six years before. Between 1891 and
the breaking out of the Chinese-Japanese
war, the Ko Lo Wul instigated many riots,
more especially In the central and south
ern provinces. A careful examination of
their work showed that tljey were organ
ized the same as the Triads and the Water
Lilies, the only difference being In the
nomenclature. Thus the Triad had five
grand lodges, viz., Kwang Tung and
Kwang SI, Fuhklen, Hupeh and Hunan,
Yunnan and Sz'chuen and Cheh Klang,
Klang Su and Klang SI. The five grand
lodges covered, therefore, 10 of the more
Important provinces of the empire. The
Ko Lo Wul had, and Is said to have, five
grand lodges, viz., Kwang SI, and Kwang
Tung, Hunan and Hupeh, Sz'chuen and
Yunnan, Klang Su, Klang Si and Cheh
Klang,' and Anhul and Honan, or 11 prov
inces. The differences are very signifi
cant to any one familiar to Chinese po
litical life. The appearance of Anhul and
Honan means that the districts controlled
by the so-called literati have Joined forces
with the older revolutionaries, while the
elision of Fuhklen simply means that it
has joined the grand lodge of Kwank SI
and Kwang Tung.
The Ko Lo Wul movement does not seem
to have been conducted with the same
skill as the Triad. It culminated In a
fiasco so pitiable as to be funny. The con
spirators, thinking doubtless to profit by
the example of Chinese Gordon, hired a
group of European mercenaries, who were
so addicted to drink that the Chinese Gov
ernment, aided by the English authorities
at Hong Kong and Singapore, the Portu
guese at Macao, the Spanish at Manila,
and the Japanese at Yokohama and Naga
saki, had no trouble in suppressing the re
volt In the bud. Thfa was followed by
the war with Japan, which, to their
amazement, the Chinese, found themselvps
- utterly routed by a small people who for
years they had called "the little brown
dwarfs."
The results of the war seemed to have
dampened all revolutionary ardor. There
were comparatively few aisturbances be
tween 183a and 1S99. Those that did oc
cur were piratical orpredatory rather than
revolutionary. In 1SSS, toward the close
of the year, a new society was registered
by the British authorities, under the name
of I ho Chu'um and I ho Tuun. The name
is essentially Mongolian in Its significance.
I, the first radical, means righteousness
or probity, ho, peace -or tranquillity, and
chu-un the clenched hand or the hand In
action. The juxtaposition of the three
radicals conveys about the same Idea as
the English phrase the church militant. It
Is on account of the last syllable or radical
that the members of the latest movement
have been termed Boxers.
There Is another reason, namely, the re
semblance of the phrase In question to an
other phrase, meaning flstplay or boxing.
In China, there Is a great class of enter
tainers, Including boxers, fencers, spear
players, acrobatic dancers and actors.
Their social position is of the lowest, and
they associate more or lets with the crimi
nal element of the community. Wherever
there Is a riot. Boxers and other stage
people will be found In the ranks of the
rioters. As a public entertainer is prac
tically an outlaw, it afUrds an admirable
opportunity for revolutionary agents to
pursue their calling without much fear of
detection. They travel from city to town,
and In a single year may visit from. 50 to
100 different communities. They associate
with house servants, the rabble, under
paid soldiery and the hangers-on of the
courts. Here they have opportunities
numberless for spreading their doctrines
and Increasing their organization. How
far the Triad has taken advantage of this
condition of affairs Is unknown, but .that
it has done so Is confirmed by every letTer
from the Consuls and missionaries sta
tioned In the various provinces of the em
pire. The organization Is conducted in about
the samestyle as Masonry In this country.
In the towns and cities are halls which
are employed for meeting purposes, while
In every village and country districts are
numerous temples, which, under the Chi
nese law, are open and at the service of
all who care to use their rooms and houses.
The ritual, so far as is known, is couched
in high-sounding words, madj interesting
by odd ceremonies and effective by many
fines and penalties. They have officers
corresponding to the master of a lodge,
the senior and Junior warden and the
tyler. They have a strong committee on
new members, a committee on punishment,
whose members are better known to the
Western world under the name of high
binders, and a committee upon organiza
tion, which corresponds to an executive
committee in Christendom. Their signals
and passwords are Ingenious and exceed
ingly complicated. Among the former are
the holding of a cup of tea in various po
sitions, the position of the fingers In smok
ing a water pipe or cigarette, the move
ment of the shoe when the owner is seated
In a chair, the drumming of the digits
when a man Is at a table, and the use of
singular gestures, In which the head,
arms and hands are employed together.
The passwords are of the commonest sort.
In each lodge or chapter there are
grades of membership, and there Is a sys
tem of representation In the prefectural
and provincial lodges and the grand
lodge. Orders are carried with remark
able swiftness, owing to the fact that
in their membership there is at least a
majority of the Imperial mall carriers,
as well as a small army of compradores
and boatswains on the many steamers
which ply the coast and the larger rivers.
It Is from the latter that the rioters
obtain their arms and ammunition. While
the trade In modern weapons Is prohibit
ed by the law of China, and the Importa
tion of such goods Interdicted, neverthe
less every foreign craft Is allowed to
carry an armory sufficient to repel pir
ates or to subdue a mutiny, and nearly
every China coaster and river boat has
an armament of reasonable size. They
have drills, and In addition nearly every
officer practices regularly so as to be pre
pared for emergencies. Even the steam
launches which are used to communicate
with boats in the harbor are often armed,
while their European commanders are al
most Invariably supplied with a revolver.
The revolutionaries purchase these wea
pons from the ships, paying, of course,
a very heavy profit to the mariner. He
In turn has no difficulty in resupplying
himself at Hong Kong and other ports.
In this fashion a steady stream of rifles,
repeaters and revolvers Is flowing from
the Western world Into tho Interior of
China. While the amount Is small for
each boat, yet when It Is remembered
that there are several hundred boats,
and that each boat makes from four to
30 and 40 trips a month, the sum total
may be, and probably Is, very large.
No matter how well armed the Boxers
may be, they cannot prove formidable
foes to European soldiers. They have no
discipline and no officers. Even the Chi
nese soldiers are fictions of the most piti
able sort. The garrison, consisting nomi
nally of 5000 troops, has actually 1000 or
1500. On Inspection days, when high mili
tary officials come from the capital, pro
vincial or national, 2000 worklngmen are
hired to play soldier for one day. Their
uniform Is a red cloak, with a black and
whl tering target In the back. This, with
a gu,n, which may be an ancient Spring
field musket or a Martini-Henry, a Win
chester or a fowling piece, is all that dis
tinguishes the soldier from the collie.
While these coolle3 belong to the secret
societies and are employed In the riots,
they constitute a miserable and even cow
ardly mob. All the officers In the Chinese
war service are Manchus, with a few for
eigners as military instructors. Scarcely
one of the 200,000, that appear on the na
tion's roster is a member of these revo
lutionary bodies. Unless, therefore, the
Manchus, in whole or In part, join the
Boxers, 'there Is no possibility of the
latter offering any very serious resis
tance to the contingents of the great
powers.
It may be added on behalf of the
Boxers, or rather of the Triad Society,
of which the Boxers are but a small part,
that they display considerable phllan-
throphy or helpfulness toward poor or
unfortunate members. They aid the
trades unions, especially In strikes and
boycotts, and by reason of their enor
mous power they are able to Intimidate
employers, both Chinese and foreign.
In 1893 the worklngmen employed in a
large sugar refinery In Hong Kong struck
for higher wages. There was little or
nohe of the picketing or turbulence mani
fested around strikes in England or in the
United States, but there was a boycott
which weakened the refinery In almost
every way. The result was a substantial
victory for the men employed.
Nevertheless the Boxers and the Triad
Society represent forces which are op
posed to modern civilization. While they
are patriotic from one point of view they
have no lofty ideas and no genuine love
of liberty. If they win In the present
contest they will organize a government
as much unsulted to -the modern age as
that of the Empress Dowager. It is
therefore to be hoped that the great pow
ers in putting down these tremendous out
breaks will not make the momentous er
ror of restoring the Empress Dowager to
the power she possessed heretofore. What
Is needed Is a protectorate of some sort,
which will faithfully and honestly admin
ister the cumbrous legal and political sys
tem which Is an organic part of the Chi
nese civilization. The revolt, be Jt re
membered. Is directed not against the
system, but against the abuses and
wrongs committed by those who admin
ister that system. No other system Is
feasible, and none other would produce
good results amon the 400,000,000 of hu
man beings that constitute the empire.
The Poison Ivy Evil.
Chicago Tribune.
The efforts of Evanstonlans to exter
minate poison Ivy are to be commended,
for It Is high time that this weedy enemy
was removed from the path of man. A
danger for which man Is responsible that
threatens health will be complained of
speedily, but natural foes are more light
ly regarded. Perhaps the reason for thbj
Is found In the fact that some people are
Impervious to the ivy evil, can pick It with
Impunity and are rather lnzllned to scoff
at the susceptible sufferers. But to those
who have memories of the hours of mis
ery that came unmerited after so inno
cent a pastime as picking leaves the sub
ject Is serious and these victims feel
that the possibility of others enduring the
same kind of suffering ought to be re
moved. Of course, the chief danger is for
those who are unfamiliar with, the foe
and whose love of nature is unmixed with
fear. For such people to discover that
Wordsworth's doctrine that "Nature nev
er did betray the heart that loved her"
Is untrue, brings the same shock that
comes to the country man when he learns
of the poison ivies that grow upon city
walls. It will be some time before this
vicious vine can bo completely extermi
nated, but like moral evils It will finally
yield to brave and worthy efforts.
.
A Welcome to Teddy.
Here's a welcome to you. Teddy Roosevelt.
From Orecon mountain and vale:
When we heard you were corning, our muse
felt
Elated to hear the fflad tale.
And, though some of us don't like McKlnley.
Yet, we're one la devotion to you.
And we'll march with resolvlngs formed inly
To vote- for a good man and true.
Tou've brains and you'vo pluck, Teddy Roose
velt. In the council and camp you're a man.
And when "you're around are no "blues" felt.
For action and thought Is your plan;
And. though "bosses" may name you as sec
ond.
Tet your countrymen name aa the first.
The-one to whom Fame oft has beckoned
To do what but few would have durst.
So. we give you our hand. Tetldy Roosevelt,
And we'll give you our votes on the square;
Nor will rest In our work, though our thews
melt. f
Till you're snue in the President's chair;
For we're wanting an administration
Which looks not to self, but the needs
Of a people expanding a Nation
That wants no more talking, but deeds.
And you are the man. Teddy Roosevelt.
That the people In nineteen naught four
Will Insist on. In splto of abuse dealt.
For a National sweeping encore,
To nil our First Magistrate's station,
Till eight years of time shall have passed;
Then -we'll sing In our Joyful elation
This lost is the first one. at last.
So wo'H help you to pack. Teddy Roosevelt,
Your load to the National Hall.
And deposit the burden on whose pelt
The strokes of detraction must fall;
And we'll see then, how lean and how thinly
xne votes snail be- cast at the poll
For Bryan, but Ted and McKlnley
Their sixteen to one shall enroll.
Portland. July 31. J. w. Whalley.
Rewards Are Adequate.
The compensations of political life are
not a matter of wages, profits and book
keeping, says ex-Senator Ingalls in the
Saturday Evening Post. They are not
measured by Income or per centum. It
must be admitted that there are vicissi
tudes and misfits, but calamities attend
all enterprises. Those who fall outnum
ber those who succeed. One Is taken and
the other left. Popularity and public fa
vor sometimes seem ca.pricious and fickle.
The Idol of yesterday Is execrated to
morrow. The constituency of Aristides
still survives, and Nemesis yet waits to
resent and punish prosperity.
Princes are not uniformly grateful, and
the demands upon the time and strength
of the public servant are not always con
siderate. The lamentation of Wolsey has
not lost Its pathetic significance, and the
injunction to throw away ambition yet
falls on wounded and weary souls. But
the rewards of public life are far In ex
cess of its burdens. The people are not
always slow to anger, but in the end they
are both just and generous to those who
serve them with fidelity.
They honor courage, Independent
thought, manhood and truth, and are
quick to forgive errors that proceed from
an intrepid spirit. The Ingratitude of re
publics is a stale proverb.
Will positively cure sick headache and
prevent Its return. This Is' not talk, but
truth. Carter's Little Liver Pills. One
pill a dose. Trythem.
Pears' soap is nothing
but soap.
t Pure soap is as gentle as
oil to the living skin.
Pears' is the purest and
best toilet soap in all the
world.
All sorts of people use It, all sorts of stores
sell it, especially druggists.
viore I
of the Dental Chair
TEETH EXTRACTED AND FILLED AH
SOLUTELY WITHOUT PAIN, by our late
pclentlnc method applied o the gums. No
vleep-produclng' agents or cocaine.
These r the only dental parlors in Port
land having PATENTED APPLIANCES and
ingredient to extract, fill and apply gold
crowns and porcelain crowns undetectable
from natural teoth, and warranted for 10
years. WITHOUT THE LEAST PAIN. Full
set of teeth, $5, & perfect fit guaranteed or no
pay. Gold crowns. 35. Gold fillings, St. Sil
ver fillings. 60c. All work done by GRADU
ATE DENTISTS of from 12 to 20 years ex
perience, and each department in cnargc of a
specialist. Give us a call, and yoa wilt find us
to do exactlr as ire advertise. We will tell
you in advance exactly -what j'our work -will
eoat by a FREE EXAMINATION.
BET TEETH $5.00
GOLD CROWNS .....$5.00
GOLD FILLING!! ...fl.Ofl
SILVER FILLINGS ............ JJ0
0 PLATES
New York Dental Parlors
MAIN OFFICE:
Fourth and Morrison ata.. Portland. Or.
HOURS-3 to 8; SUNDATS, IP TO 4.
BRANCH. OFFICEB:
7X3 Market st San Francisco. CaL
CJA First, are.. Beattls. Wash.
QCEEX VICTORIA'S HAIR.
Its Profusion, at Her Age, Haat Al
ways Been a Wonder.
Over SO years old. Queen Victoria yet
has luxuriant hair, which has for years
been a marvel. The court physician,
following Profereor Unna's discovery, has
treated Her Majesty's scalp with a
germ-destroying preparation, which he
has always kept secret. It is now
known, however, that the remedy for
dandruff, the germ-destroying element. Is
embodied In Newbro's Herplclde, the on
ly hair preparation on the market that
does destroy the dandruff germ. Without
dandruff, hair will grow profusely, and
falling hair will be stopped. "Destroy the
cause, you remove the effect."
THIS BADGE
Is an "emblem of
consideration" and
signifies ths wear
er's Intention to
help the Retail
Clerks and mer
chants'' to shorter
hours by making all
purrhnses before t
P. M.
W v
THE PALATIAL
0REM1 lILOi
ft
Not a dark: office in the building
absolutely- fireproof; electric lights
I and artesian vraterj perfect sanita
tion and ihorongh ventilation. Klc-
vatora ran day and night.
Boom.
AINSLIE. DR. GEORGE. PhrMctan....GC8-003
ALDRICH. 3. W.. General Contractor.. ....Oil
ANDERSON. GUST.W. Attomfy-at-Lw...0J3
ASSOCIATED PRESS: E. L. PowMt. Mr..3C
ArSTEN. IT. C. Manactr for Oreiron and
Wn'hlnRtcn Bankers Life Aawr-clatlon. of
Ds Molne.- la... . 802-501
RAN-KKrtS- LIFE ASSOCIATION OF DE3
MOINES. IA.:F. C Aniten. Minncer..B02-S03
BAYNTI-X. GEO. R.. Msr. for Chas. Scrib-
ner Sons ...8I3
IJEALSv EDWARD A.. Forecast Official U.
S Wcathr Bureau 10
RFVJAMIN. R w. Dentin 3t
RINSWANGER. DR. O. S.. Plrrs. A Sur.0-U
BROOKE. DR. T. M.. Phya. & Surff. ... TOS-TCO
JVT.OWN. MTRA. St. D 31.1-3M
RRIIERE. DR. O E.. Phytlclnn 413-413-41
m-STFEP. RICII4RD. Acnt Wilson & Me-
Calln Tobacco Co. 603-003
CAUKIN. G E.. District Ajcent Travelers
Irwtirnnr Co. Til
CARPtVELL. DR. J. R SOS
rTT.nr.r w T ?n-lal Ascnt Mutual
Referri Fund Life As'n ...........60
COLUMBIA TELEPTTOVF COWANT.....
mj-Rn.'-fiCfl-0T-nit-ci4-ii
rnrrrLTr5: C. W.. rhr. nnd Snnroti 20
tovfr. f. r.. cahi Fitmnbt- Lire .....scm
COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGulr.
Mnnosrer . 413-ils
AT 3 n. I. X. .... 319
IMVI3. NAPOLEON. Prrtfdent Columbt
TTph0TM- To ..ffT
DTCKSON. DR. T. P.. Phvlrlnn T13-T1.
DPATCF DR H B.. Phritlrlnn 512-3I3-3U
nVCTER. JOE. F. Tobaccos 403
EDtTOUTAL ECOMP E!hth floo
EOUITVBLE LIFFAFSTTRANrT" SOCIETT:
L. StTiifl. Mannirrr: F. C. Corr. Cnhlr.S09
F.VKNINO TTLFGRAM .T2S A1i!m" street
FEXTOX. .T D Phvrtnn ntid Suwon.SOO-StO
rEXTOV. DR TUCKS r.. Ev and Ear 311
FEXTOX. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 809
FIDELITY MITTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION:
E. C. "Stark, Mnnacr ..601
OALVAXT. W. IT.. Engineer and Draushts-
tnan .............. ...... ..........,....C0
GAVIN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club.
214-213-210-21?
GEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician nnd
Purjroon ............................. 212-213
GETSinn PT-R rn . Ltd.. Fine Art Puliltah-
er: M. C. McGreevy. Msr 313
GIEST. A. J.. Phvrtcl.-rn an1 Surjteon... 700-718
HODDARD. E. C 4 CO.. Footwear
Ground floor. 120 Sttth strast
GOLDMAN WILLIAM. Manarer Manhattan
Life In5iirnnce Co. of Nfw York...... 200-211
ORAXT. KRAVK S.. Attomv-at-Law. flit
HAMM AM RATHS. Klnsr & Compton. ProTani
HAMMOND. A. B SU
HOLLTRTER. DR. O. C. Phy.t. A Sur..804-3()J
IDLEMAX. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law.. INMT.IS
JOHNSON. W. C 315-31 8-317
KADY MARK T-. Supervisor of Aconts
Mutual Reierv? Fund Life Af'n... ..WM-COJ
LAMONT. JOHN. Vloe-Pi-wIilent and Gen
eral Manncer Columbia Telephone Co.....C0
LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phya. and Surgeon . .20
MACRUM. W. 5.. Sec. Oregon Camera Club.2H
MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phyn. anil Sunr. .711-712
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phrs. A Sure .701-2-3
M-COY. NEWTON. Attomey-at-Law ..713
.McFADEN. MISS IDA E-. Stenorniphrr....20t
McGIXN. HEXRY E.. Attorney-at-Law.3tl-3J3
McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturer Representa
tive ..................... ....... 30J
METT. HENRY 213.
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Denttat and
, Oral Sursreon COS-0P9
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dent! 3T2-3I3-2M
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of
Nw York; W Goldman. Marner . .2P0-219
MITTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N;
Mark T. Kndy. Supervisor of Acent3..C04-00l
McELROY. DR. J O.. Phys. & Sur.701 -702-703
MoFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co. .....KO
McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher .415-411
MrKIM. MAURICE. Attomoy-it-Law 300
MUTUAL LIFE INCURANCE CO.. of New
Tork; Wm. 5. Fond. State Msr. .404-403-408
NICHOLAS. HORACE B. Attomey-at-Law.TI3
N1LES. SI. L.. Casnler Manhattan Life In-
turance Co.. of Nw York... ..203
OREGON INRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY;
Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath.... 405-409
ORFOOX CAMERA CLUB 214-215-218-2ir
PATTERSON. PETER i09
POND. WM S.. State Sfanaser Mutual Life
Ira. Co. of New York...........4O4-403-4C9
PORTLAND EYE AX DEAR INFIRMARY.
....Ground floor. 133 Sixth tret
PORTLAND StIXIXG &. TRUST CO.: J. H.
Slarahall. 3Innar" 313
QUIMBT I P. W.. Corn and Forestry
Warden t. 71(1-717
ROSENDALE. O. SI.. Metallurgist and Mln-
lne Engineer 313-SliJ
RT-ED & SIALCOLSI. Opticians. 133 Bixst atreet
REED F. C. Flah Commissioner 40T
RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law 417
EAJtUEL. I. Sfanajrer Equitable Life. .30
SECURITY 3IUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE
CO.; H. F. Bushonff. Gen. Ajrent for Ore.
and Wash.. .....601
SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com-
mander. K. O". T. M. ......317
SSIITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath 40S-409
SONS OF THEAMERICAN REVOLTTTIOX.30O
STARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity
Mutual Life Association of Phlli.. Pa.....eot
BTUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 017-013
STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentlat 704-703
SURGFON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO. 709
STROWBRIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe
cial Agwit Mutual Life of New York.. ...409,
SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE ...201
TUCKER DR CCO. F Dntlit. .... 810-011
U S. "WEATHER BUREAU . SOT-OOS-IW0-919
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE EXGIXEERS. 13TH
DTST.. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A. 303
U. rvnivrpp nuviCW. RIVER AND
HAKROR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
C. Lanjrfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A. .819
WATERS" X. C H.. Cashier Mutual Life
of New York 403
retary Native Daughters .............716-717
WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary
Orecon Camera Club .21
WILfON.DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. A Bur.304-J
WTLSON. DR. GUO F Phya. & Surg. .70O-70T
WILSON. DR. HOLT C Phyn. ft Surg.307-303
WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.;
Richard Busteed. Agent C02-A03
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-414
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO.. .613
A few more elegant offices may b
bad by npplylns to PortlnntX Traat
Company of Oregon, 100 Third st., o?
to the rent cleric In the balldlng.
MEN K
THE SIODERN APPLIANCE A positive
way to perfect manhood. The VACUUS!
TREATMENT CURES you without roeSIcine at
all nervous or diseases c: the generative or
gans, auch as lost manhood, exhaustive drains,
varicocele, impotency. etc. Men are quickly re
stored to perfect health and atrength. Wrlt
for circulars. Correspondence confidential.
THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. rooms WB
Safe Deposit building; Seattlo, Wain.