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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 5, 1900)
THE MOENING OEEGONIAN, FRIDAY, JANUARY 5, 1900. "THE OREGON TRAIL Story iof the' "Daring Trip of Lewis and Clark. WISE DEALINGS WITH THE INDIANS Gray's Discovery .and Jefferson's Ex pansion "Expedition Secure Oregon to United States. As eajly as 1792 Thomas Jefferson tried to induce the American Philosophi cal v,SocIetyto -join im in raising, by subscription, a. sum of money to be used in exploring the Missouri river and a route to the Pacific ocean, but was un successful On June IS, 2803, Mr. Jeffer son, who -was then president of the United States, sent to congress his some what celebrated confidential message, rec ommending the aproprlatlon of money to explore the Missouri river to its source; thence across the Stony (Rocky) moun tains -westerly by the -waters of the Co lumbia, Oregon, Colorado or any river affording the most practicable route to the Pacific ocean. Congress at once ap propriated 52500 for that purpose a sum that now -would seem ridiculously small for the accomplishment of so great an enterprise. In these days of abundance and extravagance, it "would not be enough to pay the mileage of the Oregon con gressional delegation to the capital and back, although it is but four in number. Yet this sum -was sufficient to pay the entire expense of an expedition number ing an average of 38 men for about three years, excepting a soldier's pay of $7 per month for the men, and a trifle more for the two officers. In those days the business of the gov ernment was managed with far more pru dence, care and economy than It is in these days of peculation and office-grabbing. Then there -was much true patriot ism In the country; now patriotism is trampled down and sneered at as old fashioned and out of date. Then men served the government as faithfully and carefullyas if" working for themselves; now they serve it for the pay In sight, perhaps not universally, but quite too often to be pleasant to contemplate. Lewis and Clark. President Jefferson selected Captain Meriwether Lewis, who had two years been acting as his private secretary, to take command of this important expe dition. -Captain Lewis was of a fine old Virginia :family and a man of sterling character. President Jefferson said of him, "His courage was undaunted; his firmness and perseverance yielding to nothing but impossibilities; a regal dis ciplinarian, yet tender as a. father to those committed to his charge; honest, disinter ested, with a sound understanding and a scrupulous fidelity to truth." The president also appointed Mr. "Will lam Clark as an assistant, and successor, in case of the death of Captain Lewis. Mr. Clark was a man of great energy. Industry and firmness of purpose. He at once received from the president a com mission as captain in the army. Captain Lewis was instructed lomake a list of articles and supplies for the use of the expedition, together with the cost, which was as follows: Mathematical Instruments . 5 217 Arms and accouterments extraordi nary 0B fnrnti fniiinairp ................... 2oo Medicine and packing same 55 Means or transportaxipn.. 430 Tnfttan nrpsp.nts .1 63G Provisions extraordinary 224 Material for making into portable packages the various articles 55 To pa hunters, guides and inter- preiers 300 To transport men from Nashville, Tenn., to the last white settlements on the Missouri, sliver coin 100 Contingencies 87 Total . - $2500 The instructions of President Jefferson to Lewis and Clark were most compre hensive and particular in every detail, and wore written by himself, covering everything they could possibly learn of the country Its rivers, mountains, climate- and soil; Its productions, animal, mineral and vegetable; the different tribes or nations of Indians they found, their names numbers, habits and customs; their laws, language, religion and morals; their relation to each other, the extent of their domain, and the possibility, amount and character of trade that might be established with them. They were in structed to treat the Indians in the most liberal and friendly manner, and to use every reasonable endeavor to cultivate their friendship'Srici'confidence. Review of toe Expedition. Now, as the history of this expedition has never been very extensively pub- llshed or generally read, a brief review of it may interest many readers. Lewis and Clark left Louisville, Ky., on the 5th day of July, 1803, in their own boats, because at the time steamboats and railroads were unknown to the world. Steamboats were not In use on the Ohio Tivor until about 1S1G, and railroads did jiot get that far west until about 3840. They reached the mouth of Wood (Du Boise) ri er in December, where they en camped for the winter, -which they spent in drilling the men and getting ready for an early start in the spring into the great unexplored wilderness. On the 14th of May, 1804, they broke camp and set out on this most wonderful and patulous journey by embarking in three boats; one keel boat, 55 feet long, rigged with one large square sail and 22 oars, and two pirogues, one with five and one with six oars, all containing 45 men. Thev were T)rnvIdGd with two hnrsvs which were led along the bank of the river J to pack in game killed by the hunters. All of the man. except York, a slave be longing to Captain Clark, -were listed In tho army of the United States for the trip. The progress up the Missouri river was necessarily slow, being a constant strug gle against the stubborn current of the longest river in the world. When It was possible, they used tho sail, and often made -good progress by that means, bat i -B-har, tliA aT.A -rroo A,.e. !, , -,! settJa-g-pc-ies were resorted to. At the mouth f each tributary river of consid erable siej ney stopped to -make astro nomical observations and explore the new found river some miles to learn Its size, depth, course, etc Abundance of Game. Hunters were kept out much of the time, who found it an easy task to supply the camp with meat from the mouth to tho Jhead waters of the Missouri. Those boundless plains of almost unsurpassed fertility were dotted with numerous herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelopo and wolves, while beaver, bear, geese, brant and ducks, wild turkey, ,quail -and pheasants were exceedingly'pfeatirul. Buffalo were innumerable: they saw single herds con taining over 10,000. and they were seldom out of sight of them. All over that vast emigre from cur western frontier to the summit of the Rocky mountains, and from awy north, in Canada, to Mexico, in the distant south, were countless thousands of them. Though less, than 100 years ago, the buffaloes have disappeared from the face of the earth ore' -extinct. The survival of the fittest prevailed, and man now tills the soil that grew fiielrf ood. The expedition had not proceeded far un til they met a party of .traders from the Sioux nation, on Taf ts laden with furs and buffalo tallow; among them was one "Dol rion," a Canadian Frenchman, who had lived anions ne Sioux for 20 years, ana whom Lewis and Clark succeeded in hir ing to accompany them as far as the Sioux nation as interpreter. Irving, in his "Astoria," speaks of him as "Old Dorlon."- He- -vras one of those French ere- oles,1 descendants of thtfianoleat Canadian: stock who abound on the Western frontier and amalgamate with the "savages. His niic mm u. djoux squaw, jay ner ne naa a hopeful brood of sons, of whom "Pierre was one. " This Pierre Dorlon was employed by Wilson P. Hunt, of the Aster expedition, in 18U, but Pierre would not go unless his wife and two children were also allowed to go. Winning the Indians' Favor. When Lewis and Clark entered the do minion of a new tribe or nation, they naiiea to mane tnelr acquaintance and to learn all they could of their customs and surroundings. The expedition was pro vided with a great number of men's coats, made of bright red cloth and trimmed with gaudy tinsel, one of which was pre sented to the principal chief. Lewis and Clark also had many silver medals and American flags, which were also distri buted among the principal men and chiefs of the different tribes. Those bright red roats, medals and flags were highly prized by the recipients, who were Informed that they were presents from the "great father" orpresident of the United States who would send his people put to trade with hem, taiuy their furs and-all they had to sell. -- ( Lewis and 2ark came very- near hav ing serious trouble with tho Sioux, that fierce and treacherous people. Two of their chiefs had been Invited on, board tho boat, shown -all the curiosities, treated with presents and "finally each given a small drlpk, of whisky, of which they seemed to be very fond." 3 They; were so well pleased, with their visit"-, that Jit was hard to get them to go away, but finally Captain Clark succeeded in getting them started by accompanying them himself. No sooner had the pirogue touched the shore than the cable was seized by sever al warriors, and one of the chiefs, who affected intoxication, Insultingly informed Captain Clark that he had not given them enough presents, and that his party could proceed no farther. Captain Clark said: 'Tfe'wlU not be prevented from going; we rare warriors', "not" squaws' The chief replied, "'We, too, rare 'warriors," and was abouf to proceed"1 to offer vio lence to Captain Clark, who drew his sword and signaled the boats to prepare for action. The warriors surrounding him had already drawn the arrows from their quivers, and were bending their bows, when'the 'swivel of a smaU"cannon on tho bbarwas'turnttd upon 'them, and a dozen resolute men jumped Into the pirogue to Join Captain Clark. Seeing this demon stration on the part of the whites, the chief ordered the young men to desist. The Indians, finding they had fearless, determined men ttf" deals with men who could not "bo bullied' or 4 rIghtened--sud-denly became TeryCfriendlyk and they -had no further trouble with those cunning savages. A Helpful Shoshone Woman. Dorlon, having completed his contract, remained with the Sioux, and Lewis and Clark had to proceed as far as the Man dan nation without an" interpreter' -but there they found cne Toussalnt Chab oneau, another Canadian Fr,enclman who had long lived with the Mandan and Mln netaras, and took him Into their service. His wife. Sac-a-Ja-wae, or Bird Woman, was a Shoshone Indian woman he had bought from the Minnetaras. who had captured her from the Shoshones and sold her as a slave. Sac-a-ja-wae became very serviceable to the expedition, 'not only because of knowledge of the Shoshone language,- and of muchJ of the country through which- theyhad jet to pass, but also on account of Tier capability and willingness to render them substantial aid. Sac-a-ja-wae had a babe only about three months old, yet Captain Lewis said "She contributed a full man's share to the service of the expedition, besides tak ing care of her baby." She was very fond of white people and tried to adapt herself to their manners, as well as their dress, and to make herself as useful to them as possible. Winter of 1804-5. On the 3d day of November they se lected their winter camping place, near a Mandan village, and commenced building Jog cabins In which to live. The weather had become so cold, the river was liable to be closed with Ice any day. Since tho 14th of May they had traveled 1600 miles against the almost resistless current of the Missouri, besides spending much time In exploring tributary rivers, and making the acquaintance of the Indian tribes. As soon as the houses were completed, the goods were removed from the boats into them, and the boats secured against damage by Ice. The Mandans'were a nu merous but friendly 'people, and were of much benefit to their whites visitors. As soon as 'the' party werfe settledln their houses they chopped wood, built and burned a pit of charcoal to use in black smlthlng, and one Pields, an Ingenious man, set up a shop and did a brisk busi ness all winter In making battle-axes, tomahawks and spears, and repairing their guns, Implements, Tetc.r -etc. He took corn for his work 'and "in this way earned enough corn to supply thB -whole party all winter, besides considerable to carry with them. The other members of the 'party busied themselves In drying meat, dressing skins and making them into clothing, and building canoes to car ry the load of the keelboat, cwhich4 was to "be sent back to St Louis in the spring. On the 7th day of May, 1S05, after a so journ of five months and four days, the -tv hole party embarked In their boats. Thirteen, in the keelboat, taking the offi cial reports of the expedition, and many curios and presents for President Jef ferson, started for St. Louis. -The re mainder.' 32 men, and Sac-a-ja,-wae and her infant, started in six canoes iandfwo- plrogues, to continue the journey up tne Missouri, and on into the great unknown and unexplored West. Hunting Bear and .Buffalo. , They had many adventures and escapes in hunting bear. On one occasion, Cap tain Lewis and a hunter found two grizzly bear3. Each fired at the same time. Wounding both bears, one Jot which fled. Tho other attacked the'Vh'hAters,-but tho bear-was so badly wounded that Captain Lewis could reload "his gUn as he ran, when he turned and shot again, killing the bear, which weighed 300 pounds. At another time, Captain Lewis, while ap proaching a herd of buffalo to get a shot, ohRer-fed a larce bear following him. He ".f,.,.,. , .,., , nti -on fh hp-ir MUiUn-Gln-u ii.t. v.w - -"-- " v - ---- broke Into a- run after him, .open-mouthed. Knowing the danger of a wounded bear, ho struck for the river nearby, rushed into the water waist deep, and turned around, facing the bear, which halted, gazed at him a moment, then fled as if he had met a foe tenfold more dreadful than himself. Not long after Captain Lewis and three others attacked a huge bear, each one shooting him. The In furiated beast turned and pursued one of the men so closely that he threw his gun away and jumped down a high cliff into the river. The bear was finally killed, seven bullets having passed through him,. He weighed 600 pounds. They had many such adventures, often narrowly escaping with their lives. High up the Missouri game was very abundant and tame. In their reports, Lewis and Clark say the buffalo were so tamo they could walk up close to a herd without disturbing them; sometimes the bulls would step out and come quite near them, and after taking a careful look, would go to grazing again. They tell how, by a cunning trick, the Indians often killed great numbers of them at a time. The most fleet and active young man was chosen, who disguised himself In the skin of a buffalo Jn such a manner as to resemble a live buffalo.- He then con coaled himself between the herd and some river precipice. His companions. In Jhe meantime, got in the rear of the herd, and at a given signal showed themselves and rushed upon the buffalo. They ln- Btantly took the alarm and ran toward the disguised Indian, who led them on at full speed towards the river, when sud denly; he woukhide in-1 some crevice be fore Selected! reaving- the leaders, ofthe herd on the brink of the precipice. It was then useless for the buffalo In front i to attempt to retreat, or even stop, as they were goaded on furiously by the fright-i enea ones oemna, unui au were precipi tated over the cliff and killed. Lewis and Clark counted 100 dead buffalo at the foot of those cliffs besides many more had been carried away by the river. Great Falls of the Missouri. About June 16, 1805, the expedition reached and discovered the Great Falls of the Missouri. Now a city stands there, with railroads and great manufactories. They had to construct trucks on which to haul their canoes and heavy goods, all of which had to be taken 17 miles around the falls, a part of which distance was over very hilly ground. It took them 16 days to get around those falls. Game there was exceedingly abundant. Grizzly bear were so plentiful and fierce that sev eral of tho men came near belpg killed, and they found It hard to keep them from robbing their camp at night. At the, falls they cached some of the ammunition and goods and left their cannon. Early in August they had reached the head of navigation, and. halted.. Here- they cached a'lotimore off their goqds; but' while the main party was doing this, Captain Lewis with two men went on to explore the route across the mountains, and to find J Indians from whom he could purchase horses, and get Information and, assist ance In crossing the great divide. He traveled on foot 90 miles, wher he found a largo encampment of Shoshones, of which Ca-me-ahtwalt was the chief. After much smoking, palaver and.talk by signs, for he had no Interpreter, he made an agreement with Ca-me-ah-wait for horses and aid. The chief and many of his peo ple with horsesr went with Captain Lewis to his camp on the Missouri. As soon as they arrived, Sac-a-ja-wae was called to act as Interpreter, but not until she had began to interpret the words of Captain Lewis to the chief did she discover that ho was her own brother. The meeting of sister 'and 'brother tftfnder.j;such -circumstances was pathetic and touching. The Indians dld'Tiot" bring enough horses to carry all of the goods, but the remainder was carried by Lewis and Clark's men and a number of Shoshone women, who took great loads on their backs. When the Shoshone village was reached, a lively trade In horses at once began, and while the captains were buying horses, the men were busy making pack saddles and arranging the goods in con venient packages. Learning of her arrival a young warrior, the betrothed of Sac-a-ja-wea, came to claim her, but seeing that she was a mother and the wife 'of an other, he said he did not want her. Sho-shone and La Creole I cannot refrain from speaking here of the spelling and pronunciation of Sho shone. In Lewis and Clark's words, it is often spelled Sho-shone, as it should be, but It Is often spelt Shosh-o-nee and Shosh-o-neey, which I believe must be a mistake of the publishers, because no- one who ever heard a -Sho-shone Indian pronounce the word could possibly be mistaken. They make it only a two-syllable word, with a heavy accent on the last syllable. In their writing, Lewis and Clark much of ten er used this word In the plural than in the singular number, adding the "s" to the last syllable, which gives It six letters, making It seem so long that puollshers, unac quainted with the true word, have con ceived that It should be a three-syllable word, and have so made It, thus totally destroying both the spelling and pronun ciation of the word, and committing and unpardonable barbarism. It Is universally conceded that every nation or people knows how to pronounce its own name. When I came through the Sho-shone nation nearly 50 years ago, I cf ten heard them speak tho word, and It was absolutely and unmistak ably Sho-shone and Sho-shones. In Polk county; Oregon, there Is a good-sized mill stream called "RIckreall." If s true name 13 "La Creole," from the Creole who first settled on Its banks, but an old Missourlan came and settled there, and not undertandlng the word, called It RIckreall, and RIckreall It will al ways be. Rogue river, In Southern Or egon, was named "Rouge river" from Its red clay bank, but the ignorant frontiers men came and settled there and thought Rouge spelled. Rogue, and so called the river, and so it will ever remain "Rogue river." Down the Columbia to the Goal. On the 30th day of August, having pur chased about 30 horses, Lewis and Clark parted with the Sho-shones, who went On their way to hunt buffalo on the Missouri, and resumed the westward march toward the Columbia. Their course was toward and over the Bitter Root mountains and down the Clearwater river, which they fol lowed until they reached Its navigable wa ters, where they stopped to build canots. After having constructed canoes enough to carry the whole party and all their lug gage, and having made arrangements with a neighboring chief to taKe charge of and keep their horses until their return, they again embarked by water for the Pacific ocean. They found food and game very scarce, and the Indians poor and destitute from-the time they left the Missouri river until they reached the Columbia. Down the Columbia to its mouth they found food plentiful and a great many Indians. They found all of the Indians west of the Rocky mountains peaceanle and friendly, and, excepting occasional pilfering, had no trouble with them. AH the Indian vil lages they saw in passing down the Colum bia were visited; the chiefs smoked with, and presents given to them. At The Dalles of the Columbia, as well as the Cascades, .the canoes and all their baggage had to be dragged and carried around those ob structions. On the 7th day of November, 1803. they came in sight of the Pacific ocean, and never did human eyes behold a more wlshed-for and pleasing view. The great goal Tiad "been reached, the major part of the great enterprise had been ac complished, and they were the first white men to explore and cross the great wilder ness the first to blaze, and theirs the first civilized footprints to dot "the" Oregon trail.'' They were several days In going from Pillar rock to Capo Hancock, only about 20 miles, because their canoes were so small, heavily laden and unseaworthy. In fact, It is almost miraculous that they succeeded in going about in them as much as they did without the less of life. Lewis and Clark found game so scarce on the north side of the- Columbia that they chose a spot on the Needle river (Lewis and1 dark) about 20 miles, in i southeasterly direction, now in Clatsop county, Or., where they found game quite plentiful. Sergeant Goss estimates they killed 131 elk, 21 deer, four beaver, be sides great numbers of geese, ducks, swans and brant during the four months they sojourned at Fort Clatsop. After they had been there about two months an im mense whale came ashore at Elk creek. rsouth of Tillamook head. Captain Lewi's was about to start with a party of men to get some of the whale blubber to eat, when Sac-a-ja-wae came to him and said: "I have not In all this time been allowed to go to see the great water which I have come so far to see and now that the great fish Is there also, I am going," and so she and her husband were allowed to accom pany them. That Is the last we hearof Sac-a-ja-"wae, the bird woman. Resort to Doa and Horse Meat. During their long and toilsome journey, they were not choosers of the sort of fopd they had to eat, and ofte nwere glad to get anything that would sustain life; They regarded the flesh of beaver the most palatable, but they become very fond of dog meat and relished the flesh of young fat horses. At times It was almost Impos sible to get anything to eat, and but for the medicines theyhad,and their skill In administering them, they might hava starved, or been compelled to resort to force to get It. On their return through Eastern Oregon, Washington and Idaho, in the spring of 1806, the salmon had not -begun to ascend the river, andjthe Indians were so destitute and game so scarce that nothing but their medicines would buy food. Many of the Indians hod sore eyes and often other complaints, and In hopes of getting relief from Captains Lewis and Clark, whom they called "great medicine men," would port with a scanty allowance of food for treatment. During the greater part of the journey, they had to make all their clothing and moccasins, first having to tan and dress the skins of which they were made. Mission Fully Accomplished. Through their courage, energy and good management, Lewis and. Clark ac complished most fully and satisfactorily every object and purpose of their mission without any serious loss or fatal mis hap. Six years later, Wilson P. Hunt, of the Astor expedition, started on the same route and for the same point, -with double the number of thoroughly armed and equipped men, and had he followed tho footsteps of Lewis and Clark, would have made a safe and speedy trip; but in crossing the Rocky mountains he took a more southerly route, which led him Into numerous troubles and danger. Some of his people died, and all came near los ing their lives from exposure and starv ation. Title to Oregon Territory. On May llt 1792, Captain Robert Gray, in the ship Columbia, discovered, entered and explored "the great river of the West," an,d named It for his ship, which as the first vessel of any civilized na tion1 to enter the river. This act, accord ing to an old English doctrine, as well as nearly all European nations, made the river and all the country drained by its trlhutary streams the property of the United States. Eleven years afterward, Thomas Jefferson, Tiy treaty with France, purchased Louisiana, embracing all that vast stretch of country from the Gulf of .Mexico up the Mississippi rlyer, and west of the Missouri to the Pacific ocean, thus giving us a seaboard on the Gulf of Mex ico, as well as on the Pacific Jefferson was a shrewd, far-seeing statesman, as well as a great expansionist. He imme diately followed up this purchase by send ing out the Lewis and Clark expedition to explore, examine and take possession of the newly acquired territory. Six years after this exploration, John Jacob Astor sent out a party of 70 or 80 men to settle and establish a business at the mouth of the Columbia. A few years later, other American citizens settled in that territory. In 1842, Senator Linn, of Missouri, introduced In tht United States senate a bill giving each man and wife, bona fide -settlers In Oregon, 640 acres of land, and to each single man 320 acres. Only one year later, over 1000 people crossed the plains to Oregon to avail themsel s of this most generous offer. Each succeeding year others went, all taking up lands, and all held and re ceived patents fromthi. government. Or egon was ours then by rig1 1 of discovery; by right of purchase; by right of explora tion; by right of first settlement; by right of occupation, and by right of posses sion. Who, Then, Saved Oxcgronr Captain Gray discovered it, making it ours. In 1803, Thomas Jefferson purchased it, and Immediately sent out men under the flag of the United States to view, explore and take possession, and to noti fy the Indians of the change. Captain Gray gave us Oregon. Thomas Jeffer son saved it, secured, clenched and perfected the title. England never had any claim or shadow of claim, to Ore gon, and but for the Hudson's Bay Com pany, "never would have attempted to set up any claim; but that company, who were Intruders, Interlopers and trespas sers, constantly importuned their home government to claim it. They wanted protection in their ignoble work of rob bing us of our furs and peltries. At that time, as now, England was one of the mot powerful nations of the earth; while we were but an Infant with only 6,000,000 people, without money, army or navy. England jiever did, and doe3 not now, give up a prize so vast and valuable as Oregon, If she only has a fairly good claim to it, without fighting for It. This fact alone is conclusive evidence that Oregon was ours since 1792, and that Eng land had no just claim. As soon as the United States demanded a settlement, England settled with us upon our own terms. If she had had any just claim, she would and could have held It In defi ance of us. At that time she did not loye us half so much as she seems to think she does n&w,. and would not have hesitated a single moment to fight for and sustain her legal right at all hazards. The sagacity of Captain Gray gained, and the wisdom of Thomas Jefferson saved Oregon. P. W. GILLETTE. .STOCKYARDS PROBLEM. Board of Trade Will Confer With the Council on Removal. Some of the members of the new board of trade are resolving themselves into a perfect push club, and it is allowable to suppose that the surplus energy that has been, bottled up here for 20 years Is about to be brought out of cold storage and turned loose for the benefit of the com munity. Members for the new organization are being souglft out and secured, and board of trade buttons are being distributed and worn. Invitations to join meet with ready response, and many members are sanguine of recruiting up to 1000 names during Jan uary. " At the meeting yesterday the full board of directors was present, withplesldent L. B. Cox in the chair. The Portland Press Club notified the board of an intention to make an exhibit of Oregon products at the national edi torial convention to be held at New Or leans in February, and asked that the plan be indorsed. The directors consid ered it a good way to advertise Oregon, and very willingly accorded It their In dorsement, Persons having samples to send may leave them with Albert Tozler, of the Press Club. The committee appointed to co-operate with the Chamber of Commerce In ar ranging for a permanent exhibit and gen eral headquarters reported progress and was sure that there would be no failure in raising tho full fund needed. Messrs. McKenna, Inman and Conneli were appointed a special committee to confer with tho city council to devise an Improved way of handling cars -In and about the city. The idea is to expedite and Increase the business of the city, especially at the stockyards. It is sold that a removal of the yards to othpr f localities would add a cost of $5 to 510 for switching to every carload of stock unloaded at the yards. This. It Is assert ed, would smother a great and growing Industry. The board of trade desires to faster and build up all industries, and hopes by conferences with the proper committees of the city council amicably to arrange matters so that there will be no interruption of the stockyard busi ness.' o Menace to Health. Attention has been attracted to the unsanitary condition of the district at the cast end of the Morrison-street briage. While there were but few people living there but a few years ago, these condi tions were not bad, nor very good, but now tnere ore quite a number living in that vicinity. The buildings are occupied and the conditions have become unsani tary. There is no sewerage in that neigh borhood. It Is thought that a short sewer might improve conditions temporarily, but still it la well understood that finally a complete sewerage will have to be pro vided for all the low district. SMITH'S DANDRUFF POMADE Has yet to And the first case in which it failed to do all that is claimed for it, and is the best preparation for dandruff, Itch ing scalp and falling hair, and will make hair grow. Price 50c, at all druggists. STATE ORGANIZATION SPANISH WAR. VETERANS UNITE AS A BODY. General Summers Chosen Colonel Without a Diss en tine Voice Resolutions of Gratitude. A state organization of the volunteers was perfected at the Armory last evening, and General Summers elected colonel of the regiment. Lieutenant Charles A. MUrphey, of Salem, was chosen lieutenant-colonel. No material changes wero made by the state convention in the con struction of the subordinate organization by-laws from those in force under the temporary organization adopted in Port land some time ago. The state constitu tion for the state organization Is largely like that governing the subordinate bod ies, with duties of state officers added in stead of the duties of subordinate officers. There were 38 delegates in attendance when the convention was called to orde?, and nine unable to attend were represented by proxies. The entire business of the convention was not completed, including the selecting of time and place for the next state encampment. There will be a social gathering this evening at the home of General Summers, when a brief busi ness meeting will 'be held and these mat ters determined. The plan, of organization adopted for the state adheres as closely as possible to the regular military forma tion of the army. The state officers are Btyled regimental officers. The subordi nate bodies are called camps, and have officers corresponding to those of a com pany. The name of these subordinate bodies is "camps," the word "company" not being used, to avoid confusing their titles with the -companies of the National Guard. At 8 P. M. the convention was called to order, when General Summers and Captain McDonell wert cnosen chairman and secretary, respectively, of the tempo rary organization. L. E. Hooker, Eu gene; J. W. McKinnon and Henry Hock enyjs, Portland, were appointed a com miuee on permanent organization; W. C. North, C. A Murphey and Jesse Bollam, committee on credentials, and W. C. North, C. U. Gantenbeln, C. H. Meussdorffer, Robert O'Neil, W. G. Jones, L. E. Hook er, R. C Platts and George Day a com mittee oii resolutions and constitution. The committee 'on credentials -reported th following delegates entitled to seats: From Summers camp, Portland, W. C. North, H. C. Wilson, A B. Galloway, Captain Smith, Jesse Bollam, Conrad Maxwell, Henry Hockenyos, Fred Martin and S. P. Ingles; Roseburg camp, George Day, with three proxies; Gilbert camp, Portland. H. U. Welch, George Wlgg, G. F. Jennings,. C. H. Meussdorffer, Dan Ewing; H camp, Chris Bell, F. W. Free man, Robert J. O'Neil, W. W. Harder, Bruce Kaltz and C. E. McDonell; Worrlck camp, Salem, G. W. Jones, Romeo Gilbert J. Rex Byars, Frank Collier and C. A. Murphey; Eugene camp, L. E. Hooker, with four proxies; Woodburn camp, R. C Platts and W. H. Barrett, with three proxies; Camp No. 3, Sanford Writing, T. N. Dunbar, H. J. Hayes, C. U. Ganten beln, George H. Carr, C. P. Mercer and G. Q. Stryker. Following the report of the credentials committee, permanent organization was taken up. General Summers was nomi nated and elected colonel of the state as sociation with much enthusiasm and with out opposition. The election of Lieuten ant C. A. Murphey, of Salem, for the office of lieutenant-colonel was without an op ponent. Captain Sanford Whiting was chosen unanimously chief surgeon, and L. E. Hooker, of Eugene, first assistant sur geon. A contest between Gordon A Peel and'J. Rex Byars for the office of second assistant surgeon resulted in the former's election. H. Hockenyos was elected regi mental quartermaster, Guy Jennlng3 regi mental commissary, T. C. Bodley, J. Rex Byars and R. A Crawford regimental hos pital stewards; C. P. Mercer and Arthur Johnson color and standard-bearers, Rev. W. S Gilbert fofr regimental chaplain, A. B. Galloway sergeant-major, and George Day quartermaster-sergeant. The dele gates from down the Valley were appor tioned Into one district for the election of battalion officers, and those in Portland for the same purpose. Lieutenant Robert H. Houston was chosen major by the former, and Captain C. E. McDonell by the Portland members. At the opening of the meeting, General Summers spoke briefly on the work that had been done for the regiment while In the service by Governor Geer, who was present to confer regarding the badges to be manufactured for the members of the volunteer commands from the state. Gover nor Geer replied to the expressions of grat itude for his services, stating that he always appreciated highly everything that had been accomplished by the regiment bearing Oregon's name. Then he narrated his efforts to have the war department donate a cannon captured In Manila to furnish each volunteer from the state n distinctive badge, and the successful Issue announced of the shipment here of an old bronze field piece. The governor asked that a committee be appointed by the regiment to confer with him on the matter. The chair selected for this purpose Captain H. U. Welsh, Captain Sanford Whiting, Sergeant W. C. North, Lieutenant C. A. Murphey and Captain C. E. McDonell, who will meet his excellency this morning to determine a design and other particulars. Before adjournment several resolutions were passed by the convention, the first of which was the earnest wish of the vet erans that the authorities at Washington would, at the earliest date, have the re mains of fallen comrades returned to this country for final sepulture. The second was of condolence to the families of sol diers who have died since their return from the islands. The third was of regret at the news of Major-General H. W. Law ton's death, who commanded the division In which the Second Oregon fought most of tho time while in Luzon. The general was very warmly eulogized in this reso lution. The fofurfth was an expression of thanks to Governor Geer for his many efforts in behalf of the volunteers' inter ests while campaigning In the Philippines and since their return to Oregon. The fifth was to the members of the Emer gency Corps and Red Cross Society, thanking them for their constant and ar dent work for the soldiers. The sixth thanked the Sisters of Charity and the St. Vincent hospital for their kindness to sick soldiers, the Chamber of Commerce for timely assistance, the members of the volunteer employment committee, the Oregon and Columbia telephone compa nies, the O. R. & N. Co., the Southern Pacific, and the City &. Suburban. The convention adjourned to meet again this evening at 9 o'clock, at the home of General Summers, where he has planned a social entertainment for the visiting delegates and the members of the regi ment. PERSONAL MENTION. F. Dodwell, of Tacoma, Is at the Port land. H. A. Snyder, of Aurora, Is registered at the Perkins. F. V. Murray, of Honolulu, Is registered at the Portland. Dr. M. E. Hurd, of Salem, Is registered at the Imperial. Dr. J. B Burns, of Republic, Wash., is at the Portland. C. A. Boyles and wife, of Astoria, axe guests of the Perkins. J. O. Spencer, of Clifton, Or., Is regis tered at the Imperial. Dr. J. A. Lamberson, of Lebanon, is registered at the Perkins. A. E. Thome, of Toledo, Wash., is reg Istered at the St. Charles. Misses M. and N. Jeffery, of Astoria, are guests of the Perkins. H. M. Hudson, for a long time a mem ber of the Portland police force, is in the city from his Kalama farm. He is stay ing at theSt. Charles. A. R. Bentley, of the Bentley Construc tion Company, returned from the East yesterday. J. T. Tuffs, a business man of Wolf Creek, Josephine county, i3 registered at the Imperial. George P. Sharkey, F. H. Welsh, E. Grunsteod, Olof Kyllo.. Louis Xongo and M. Lewis left last night for Dawson City. R. A. Booth, banker of Grant's Pass, and member of the Booth-Kelly lumber ing firm, registered at the Imperial yes terday. Charles H. Chance, who has been with Willis & Willis the past six years, started last evening for Sumpter, where he will open a law office. Mr. Julius L. Haas, for many years one of the firm of Dlttenhoefer, Haas & Co., wholesale furnishing goods merchants of this city, is again In our midst He has the sole agency for Oregon, Washington and Idaho of the Heynemann Company's productions; noteworthy are the well known Can't Bust 'Em overalls and Ex celsior shirts. Mr. Haas has opened sales rooms at the Jmperlal hotel, In this city; at the Hotel Northern, Seattle; at the Hotel Spokane, Spokane, and at the Over land hotel, Boise, Idaho. SAN FRANCISCoTjan. 4. Portland ar rivals are guests at hotels here as fol lows: Martin Winch and wife, C. J. Owen, B. F. Sherman, at the Palace; John Kin nan, George W.'Weldler,. Mrs. J. C. Van Remslaer, Mr. A. Kadderly; Miss Kad derly, at the Occidental; J. H. McAfee, wife and child', I. Q. Williams, II. P. Downs, F. C. Edmlnston, at the Grand; C. H. Brown, John Hale, G. Wilson, at the Lick; P. Hammel, at the New West ern? P. Wesslnger, at tho Golden West; A. C. McFarlane, at the Russ. cot COMING ATTRACTIONS. "At Gay Coney Island.' Regarding the "Gay Coney Island" com pany, which appears at Cordray's Sun day night, tho Anaconda Standard of De cember 13 says: " 'Gay Coney Island' was presented at the Grand opera-house, Butte, last night, to a large audience, and the play has lost none of its polish and Interest since it was here the last time. The several prom inent people in the cast do their parts very well, and altogether give a flrst class show, in which the gaiety and every day scenes at the famous resort are ably set forth. "The plot Is merely of importance in asmuch as it holds together the characters throughout in a continual progress of amusement. There are several special features the whistling and imitations of Al Holt who probably has no peer as an Imitator of the mocking-bird; Miss Mattie Lockett, a pleasing soubrette, who can both sing and act; Miss Marie Storl, a violinist of exceptional ability, who gave to 'Suwanee River,' the encore, a depth of sweet melody and harmony which it would seem next to impossible to extract from a violin; Burt Weston and Charles Belmont are by far the cleverest team that has yet essayed the principal part3. "The company is a largo one, and every member of It 13 entitled to more or less notice. There is nothing In the play to shock the sensibilities of the most puri tanical. The choruses are exceptionally good, and as for the play itself, every body knows what 'Gay Coney Island is." De Pnchmnnn Sale Opens Today. Tho Boston Transcript has the following to say of Vladimir de Pachmonn, the great Russian pianist, who will be seen at the Marquam Grand Monday night, Jan uary 8, of his appearance at the Worces ter festival: "If Mrs. Sembrlch was the radiant star of the evening, De Pachmann was the beaming sun of the afternoon. It is fully six years since De Pachmann was heard last In this country, and it was In 1893 that he played. Chopin's second concerto in F minor in Worcester. His technique Is wonderfully accurate and complete, his tone coloring is replete with gorgeous ef fects, yet the acme of refinement, and his understanding of the great master of pianoforte composition in its most ex alted and stylish form Is something In credible. De Pachmann rings out the rhythm, the harmony and the puissant ideas and ef fects of Chopin with a masterly touch and with a fascinating interpretation. There was an indefinably exquisite blending of harmonic notes, clearly Indicated transi tions from chord to chord and phrase to phrase, rhythm ever changing and undu lating, and indescribable effects of sus tained tone produced with the aid of the pedals," The sale of seats opens this morning at the box-office. Frederick Warde. The appearance In this city January 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Frederick Warde, together with Mr. and Mrs. Clarence M. Brune, with their star-cast company, including six former leading men, in an elaborate scenic production of "The LIon'3 Mouth," will undoubtedly be the event of the year In theatrical affairs. Mr. Warde stars this season under auspices and conditions never before attained by this distinguished and popular actor. His manager has not only surrounded him with the foremost actors of the legitimate stage, but has given his productions an environment which, for pictorial and historic Illustra tion, has seldom been equaled by a spec tacular performance. Two 60-foot baggage-cars are carried to. transport the scenery for "The Lion's Mouth." Mr. Warde, as the first actor In America, la too well known and appreciated to re quire any explanation. Minnie Tittell Brune has won the hearts and commenda tion of the critics throughout the country, who also vouch for the worth of Mr. Warde's company. The Tfeill Stoclc Company. As the James Neil! stock company jour neys across the country on Its Western tour, houses are crowded everywhere and managers of all the theaters In which it has played send telegrams to Manager Helllg praising it in the highest terms. Last night a wire came in from Manager G. P. McFarland. of the Butte theater, which is a fair sample. It is as follows: "Butte, Mont, Jan. 4. 1900 -Cal Helllg, Portland: James Nelll company positive ly the best attraction ever In this house." As some of the best attractions on the road have played the Butte theater, thl3 recommendation amounts to something. n i SAID TO BE ALUM POISONING. Serious Case of Illness Reported From the Une of Impure Bale. Injr Powder. Johnstown. Penn., Tribune. The poisoning of the Thomas family, or Thomas' Mill. Somerset Co., four mem bers of which were reported to have been made dangerously 111 by impure baking powder used In mixing buckwheat cakes, has been further investigated. The original can with the remainder of the baking powder left over after mixing the cakes was secured y Dr. Crltchfleld. The powder had been bought at a neigh boring country store, and wa3 one of the low priced brands. Dr. Crltchfleld said that th patients had the symptoms of alum poisoning. As the same kind of baking powder Is sold m many city groceries, as well as country stores. Dr. Crltchfleld thought It impor tant that a chemical examination should be made to determine Its ingredients. He therefore transferred the pacage of pow der to Dr. Schlll. of this city, for analysis. Dr. Schlll's report Is as follows: I certify that I have examined chemi cally the sample of baking powder forwarded to me by Dr. Crltchfleld. The specimen contained alum. Dr. Francis Schlll, Jr., Analyst Alum Is used in the manufacture of tne lower priced baking powders. It is a min eral poison, and for this reason the sale of baking powders containing it is in many cities prohibited. IN THE SEVERAL COURTS THREE MORE DIVORCB SUITS ADD ED TO THE LONG LIST. Convicted Robber Jumps Hl Ball and Avoids Sentence Surety Com pany Must Pay. John W. Lynch yesterday filed suit against Anna L. Lynch for a divorce. In the state circuit court The parties were married In Portland in the year 1S92. and have one child, of which the plaintiff asks the legal custody. Lynch in his compladnt alleges that two months ago John W. King came to room at his house, and that he objected to, his presence, whereupon Mrs. Lynch insisted that King should come, and became very intimate wlh him, notwithstanding plaintiff's protests. The husband says further that his wife in formed him she had not loved him for five years, and she insisted upon King re maining in the housfc and associating with him, and told plaintiff in the presence of King that King should come to the house at any time, and showed her marked preference for King for the purpose of hu miliating plaintiff. Lynch also- avers that he is an engineer, employed at night time, and one night he came home at 10- o'clock to get some tools, and caught King run ning away from the house. The plaintiff asserts further that he has to sleep In the day time, and says his wife, to annoy him, slam3 the doors and disturbs his rest, and has threatened to smash his head. He states that It Is absolutely necessary for him to sleep and that, being so dis turbed,, has decreased his strength and Im paired his health. In conclusion. Lynch alleges that his wages are $SJ per month, and that he has given his wlfo 550 each month to conduct the house, and that nevertheless she ha3 complained to people that she has not had enough to eat Rebecca C. J. Reed has brought suit against Thomas P. Reed for a dissolution of the matrimonial bonds. She avers that they were Joined together in holy wedlock November 17, 1889, In Multnomah county, and states that the defendant contracted the habit of excessive drinking In the year 18S6, and has since treated her cruelxy. Mrs. Reed alleges that in May, 1899, her husband drew a knife and threatened to assault her, and on December 21. 1S90, assaulted her with a revolver. She says he threatened to kill her, and. deserted her on December 26. The plaintiff also al leges that the defendant received 515,000 during the past five years as the-residuary share of plaintiff in her father's estate, and has applied and converted the money to hl3 own use. There are three children, and the plaintiff asks to be named as tneu legal custodian. Maggie Cooper has begun an action against Lafayette Cooper for a divorce and for the custody of their two children. They were wedded at Astoria In July, 1S92. Mrs. Cooper complains that her husband falsely and maliciously caused her to be arrested in November, 1839. for Infidelity on a warrant Issued in the municipal court and says she had an examination and was acquitted on the charge. Affidavit Was Fatally Defective. James S. Ray, arrested on complaint of Dudley S. Evans as an absconding debtor, was discharged from custody by Judga George yesterday because ofHhe Insuffi ciency of the affidavit upon whicirjbe writ of arrest was issued. Attorney -Walter Wolf desired to file a new affidavit and cause a second arrest to be made, but was unable to get tho necessary bona men together. Ray Is said to have left the city, and this la doubtless the end of the matter. Ray, it was contended owed B. Gildner and A. L. Belliveau 5121 bal ance on a note, and they assigned the claim to Evans. The affidavit filed In tho cose was upon information and belief and recited that Ray was about to leave tho state, and that affiant was Informed by another person about a week ago- that Ray was heard to state that he had money at that time, etc. The affidavit stated what the information was, but did not say that the affiant believed it This wa3 the second affidavit. Attorney Schnabelk for the defendant having considerately permitted the withdrawal of the first affi davit Mr. Schanbel argued that the affi davit in a cose of this nature occupied the place of an indictment and when it was fatally defective It was of no legal force and effect Plaintiff's counsel moved to amend, but the court ruled that an amendment was not allowable. Judge George held that neither affidavit was good, and vacated the writ of arrest Ray was at liberty on cash ball. An answer has beenlaied in the case, setting up that the debt was a gambling debt, and not collectible. The action for the recovery of the money may bo tried out on Its merits. Probate Matters. The final report of H. M. Potter, ex ecutrix of the estate of L. C. Potter, de ceased, was filed. The receipts from rents were $403, and the disbursements Include 5203 taxes. The executrix has tho use of the property during her natural life. Tho other heirs are Lester Potter, Daisy Whit field, Grace Hughes, and also seveial grandchildren. The final account of the executrix of the estate of Theodore E. Holmes, deceased, was set for hearing February 12. The. inventory of the estate of Thomas Geldard, deceased, was filed. The total valuation is 5330. H. B. Nicholas was appointed adminis trator of the estate of Joseph Mueller, de ceased, valued at JSCO. The heirs reside in Germany. - I. A. Macrum, administrator of the es tate of R. E. Hurgren, reported the sale of land in Clatsop county for 5300. Convicted Robber Jumps Ball. Judge George yesterday continued the time for passing sentence upon P. Brlborg. until January 20. The significance of th!3 delay Is that Brlborg Is not here. He has jumped his ball. He was released some time ayo pending the dlsposlton of a mo tion for a new trial, on a bond for 51000. signed by the United States Fidelity & Guarantee Company. The company Is good, and unles3 Brlborg is found, the district attorney will enforce the collec tion of the amount The surety company Is backed by two friends of Brlborg, and they will have to settle with the com pany. Brlborg is known to have skipped several week3 ago. He, was convicted of the larceny of 510 from William Pierce, while the latter was a convalescent patient at the Good Samaritan hospital. Court Xoten. Huston Shannan, charged with larceny, was allowed further jtlme until Wednesday next to plead, by Judge George yester day. In the case of W. W. Catlin, receiver, vs. the Beaver Hlli Coal Company Judge Bellinger yesterday overruled a plea of want of jurisdiction of the court, denied a motion for nonsuit and gave judgment for plaintiff. In the cose of Allen & Lewis, vs. the O. R. & N. Co. In the United States court yesterday a hearing was had befor&.,Judgo Bellinger on the plea of th,e Oregoni Short Line as to the jurisdiction, of the court so far as the Short Lino is concerned. The. matter was argued and taken under advi'sement o t The Mother of Senators. Cincinnati Enquirer. Ohio still stands at the head of the list as the mother of senators, but she has lost one since last year and naw has only 10 of her sons in the senate. New York has nine, while Virginia and Mas sachusetts each has five. Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Vermont each four, Ala bama. Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi and Missouri each three. Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina. South STrollna each two, and Connecti cut, Delaware, -Indiana. New Hampshire. New Jersey, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah jauu. Wisconsin eacn naa ong. 'JL: