THE MOENING OEEGONIAN, FRIDAY, JANUARY 5, 1900.
"THE OREGON TRAIL
Story iof the' "Daring Trip of
Lewis and Clark.
WISE DEALINGS WITH THE INDIANS
Gray's Discovery .and Jefferson's Ex
pansion "Expedition Secure
Oregon to United States.
As eajly as 1792 Thomas Jefferson
tried to induce the American Philosophi
cal v,SocIetyto -join im in raising, by
subscription, a. sum of money to be used
in exploring the Missouri river and a
route to the Pacific ocean, but was un
successful On June IS, 2803, Mr. Jeffer
son, who -was then president of the
United States, sent to congress his some
what celebrated confidential message, rec
ommending the aproprlatlon of money to
explore the Missouri river to its source;
thence across the Stony (Rocky) moun
tains -westerly by the -waters of the Co
lumbia, Oregon, Colorado or any river
affording the most practicable route to
the Pacific ocean. Congress at once ap
propriated 52500 for that purpose a sum
that now -would seem ridiculously small
for the accomplishment of so great an
enterprise. In these days of abundance
and extravagance, it "would not be enough
to pay the mileage of the Oregon con
gressional delegation to the capital and
back, although it is but four in number.
Yet this sum -was sufficient to pay the
entire expense of an expedition number
ing an average of 38 men for about three
years, excepting a soldier's pay of $7 per
month for the men, and a trifle more for
the two officers.
In those days the business of the gov
ernment was managed with far more pru
dence, care and economy than It is in
these days of peculation and office-grabbing.
Then there -was much true patriot
ism In the country; now patriotism is
trampled down and sneered at as old
fashioned and out of date. Then men
served the government as faithfully and
carefullyas if" working for themselves;
now they serve it for the pay In sight,
perhaps not universally, but quite too
often to be pleasant to contemplate.
Lewis and Clark.
President Jefferson selected Captain
Meriwether Lewis, who had two years
been acting as his private secretary, to
take command of this important expe
dition. -Captain Lewis was of a fine old
Virginia :family and a man of sterling
character. President Jefferson said of
him, "His courage was undaunted; his
firmness and perseverance yielding to
nothing but impossibilities; a regal dis
ciplinarian, yet tender as a. father to those
committed to his charge; honest, disinter
ested, with a sound understanding and a
scrupulous fidelity to truth."
The president also appointed Mr. "Will
lam Clark as an assistant, and successor,
in case of the death of Captain Lewis.
Mr. Clark was a man of great energy.
Industry and firmness of purpose. He at
once received from the president a com
mission as captain in the army. Captain
Lewis was instructed lomake a list of
articles and supplies for the use of the
expedition, together with the cost, which
was as follows:
Mathematical Instruments . 5 217
Arms and accouterments extraordi
nary 0B
fnrnti fniiinairp ................... 2oo
Medicine and packing same 55
Means or transportaxipn..
430
Tnfttan nrpsp.nts .1 63G
Provisions extraordinary 224
Material for making into portable
packages the various articles 55
To pa hunters, guides and inter-
preiers 300
To transport men from Nashville,
Tenn., to the last white settlements
on the Missouri, sliver coin 100
Contingencies 87
Total . - $2500
The instructions of President Jefferson
to Lewis and Clark were most compre
hensive and particular in every detail,
and wore written by himself, covering
everything they could possibly learn of
the country Its rivers, mountains, climate-
and soil; Its productions, animal,
mineral and vegetable; the different tribes
or nations of Indians they found, their
names numbers, habits and customs;
their laws, language, religion and morals;
their relation to each other, the extent
of their domain, and the possibility,
amount and character of trade that might
be established with them. They were in
structed to treat the Indians in the most
liberal and friendly manner, and to use
every reasonable endeavor to cultivate
their friendship'Srici'confidence.
Review of toe Expedition.
Now, as the history of this expedition
has never been very extensively pub-
llshed or generally read, a brief review of
it may interest many readers.
Lewis and Clark left Louisville, Ky., on
the 5th day of July, 1803, in their own
boats, because at the time steamboats and
railroads were unknown to the world.
Steamboats were not In use on the Ohio
Tivor until about 1S1G, and railroads did
jiot get that far west until about 3840.
They reached the mouth of Wood (Du
Boise) ri er in December, where they en
camped for the winter, -which they spent
in drilling the men and getting ready for
an early start in the spring into the great
unexplored wilderness.
On the 14th of May, 1804, they broke
camp and set out on this most wonderful
and patulous journey by embarking in
three boats; one keel boat, 55 feet long,
rigged with one large square sail and 22
oars, and two pirogues, one with five and
one with six oars, all containing 45 men.
Thev were T)rnvIdGd with two hnrsvs
which were led along the bank of the river J
to pack in game killed by the hunters.
All of the man. except York, a slave be
longing to Captain Clark, -were listed In
tho army of the United States for the
trip.
The progress up the Missouri river was
necessarily slow, being a constant strug
gle against the stubborn current of the
longest river in the world. When It was
possible, they used tho sail, and often
made -good progress by that means, bat i
-B-har, tliA aT.A -rroo A,.e. !, , -,!
settJa-g-pc-ies were resorted to. At the
mouth f each tributary river of consid
erable siej ney stopped to -make astro
nomical observations and explore the new
found river some miles to learn Its size,
depth, course, etc
Abundance of Game.
Hunters were kept out much of the time,
who found it an easy task to supply the
camp with meat from the mouth to tho
Jhead waters of the Missouri. Those
boundless plains of almost unsurpassed
fertility were dotted with numerous herds
of buffalo, elk, deer, antelopo and wolves,
while beaver, bear, geese, brant and
ducks, wild turkey, ,quail -and pheasants
were exceedingly'pfeatirul. Buffalo were
innumerable: they saw single herds con
taining over 10,000. and they were seldom
out of sight of them. All over that vast
emigre from cur western frontier to the
summit of the Rocky mountains, and from
awy north, in Canada, to Mexico, in the
distant south, were countless thousands of
them. Though less, than 100 years ago, the
buffaloes have disappeared from the face
of the earth ore' -extinct. The survival
of the fittest prevailed, and man now tills
the soil that grew fiielrf ood.
The expedition had not proceeded far un
til they met a party of .traders from the
Sioux nation, on Taf ts laden with furs and
buffalo tallow; among them was one "Dol
rion," a Canadian Frenchman, who had
lived anions ne Sioux for 20 years, ana
whom Lewis and Clark succeeded in hir
ing to accompany them as far as the
Sioux nation as interpreter. Irving, in his
"Astoria," speaks of him as "Old Dorlon."-
He- -vras one of those French ere-
oles,1 descendants of thtfianoleat Canadian:
stock who abound on the Western frontier
and amalgamate with the "savages. His
niic mm u. djoux squaw, jay ner ne naa a
hopeful brood of sons, of whom "Pierre
was one. "
This Pierre Dorlon was employed by
Wilson P. Hunt, of the Aster expedition,
in 18U, but Pierre would not go unless his
wife and two children were also allowed
to go.
Winning the Indians' Favor.
When Lewis and Clark entered the do
minion of a new tribe or nation, they
naiiea to mane tnelr acquaintance and to
learn all they could of their customs and
surroundings. The expedition was pro
vided with a great number of men's coats,
made of bright red cloth and trimmed
with gaudy tinsel, one of which was pre
sented to the principal chief. Lewis and
Clark also had many silver medals and
American flags, which were also distri
buted among the principal men and chiefs
of the different tribes. Those bright red
roats, medals and flags were highly prized
by the recipients, who were Informed that
they were presents from the "great
father" orpresident of the United States
who would send his people put to trade
with hem, taiuy their furs and-all they
had to sell. -- (
Lewis and 2ark came very- near hav
ing serious trouble with tho Sioux, that
fierce and treacherous people. Two of
their chiefs had been Invited on, board tho
boat, shown -all the curiosities, treated
with presents and "finally each given a
small drlpk, of whisky, of which they
seemed to be very fond." 3 They; were so
well pleased, with their visit"-, that Jit was
hard to get them to go away, but finally
Captain Clark succeeded in getting them
started by accompanying them himself.
No sooner had the pirogue touched the
shore than the cable was seized by sever
al warriors, and one of the chiefs, who
affected intoxication, Insultingly informed
Captain Clark that he had not given
them enough presents, and that his party
could proceed no farther. Captain Clark
said: 'Tfe'wlU not be prevented from
going; we rare warriors', "not" squaws'
The chief replied, "'We, too, rare 'warriors,"
and was abouf to proceed"1 to offer vio
lence to Captain Clark, who drew his
sword and signaled the boats to prepare
for action. The warriors surrounding him
had already drawn the arrows from their
quivers, and were bending their bows,
when'the 'swivel of a smaU"cannon on tho
bbarwas'turnttd upon 'them, and a dozen
resolute men jumped Into the pirogue to
Join Captain Clark. Seeing this demon
stration on the part of the whites, the
chief ordered the young men to desist.
The Indians, finding they had fearless,
determined men ttf" deals with men who
could not "bo bullied' or 4 rIghtened--sud-denly
became TeryCfriendlyk and they -had
no further trouble with those cunning
savages.
A Helpful Shoshone Woman.
Dorlon, having completed his contract,
remained with the Sioux, and Lewis and
Clark had to proceed as far as the Man
dan nation without an" interpreter' -but
there they found cne Toussalnt Chab
oneau, another Canadian Fr,enclman who
had long lived with the Mandan and Mln
netaras, and took him Into their service.
His wife. Sac-a-Ja-wae, or Bird Woman,
was a Shoshone Indian woman he had
bought from the Minnetaras. who had
captured her from the Shoshones and sold
her as a slave. Sac-a-ja-wae became very
serviceable to the expedition, 'not only
because of knowledge of the Shoshone
language,- and of muchJ of the country
through which- theyhad jet to pass, but
also on account of Tier capability and
willingness to render them substantial
aid. Sac-a-ja-wae had a babe only about
three months old, yet Captain Lewis said
"She contributed a full man's share to
the service of the expedition, besides tak
ing care of her baby." She was very fond
of white people and tried to adapt herself
to their manners, as well as their dress,
and to make herself as useful to them as
possible.
Winter of 1804-5.
On the 3d day of November they se
lected their winter camping place, near a
Mandan village, and commenced building
Jog cabins In which to live. The weather
had become so cold, the river was liable
to be closed with Ice any day. Since tho
14th of May they had traveled 1600 miles
against the almost resistless current of
the Missouri, besides spending much time
In exploring tributary rivers, and making
the acquaintance of the Indian tribes.
As soon as the houses were completed,
the goods were removed from the boats
into them, and the boats secured against
damage by Ice. The Mandans'were a nu
merous but friendly 'people, and were of
much benefit to their whites visitors. As
soon as 'the' party werfe settledln their
houses they chopped wood, built and
burned a pit of charcoal to use in black
smlthlng, and one Pields, an Ingenious
man, set up a shop and did a brisk busi
ness all winter In making battle-axes,
tomahawks and spears, and repairing
their guns, Implements, Tetc.r -etc. He
took corn for his work 'and "in this way
earned enough corn to supply thB -whole
party all winter, besides considerable to
carry with them. The other members of
the 'party busied themselves In drying
meat, dressing skins and making them
into clothing, and building canoes to car
ry the load of the keelboat, cwhich4 was
to "be sent back to St Louis in the spring.
On the 7th day of May, 1S05, after a so
journ of five months and four days, the
-tv hole party embarked In their boats.
Thirteen, in the keelboat, taking the offi
cial reports of the expedition, and many
curios and presents for President Jef
ferson, started for St. Louis. -The re
mainder.' 32 men, and Sac-a-ja,-wae and
her infant, started in six canoes iandfwo-
plrogues, to continue the journey up tne
Missouri, and on into the great unknown
and unexplored West.
Hunting Bear and .Buffalo. ,
They had many adventures and escapes
in hunting bear. On one occasion, Cap
tain Lewis and a hunter found two grizzly
bear3. Each fired at the same time.
Wounding both bears, one Jot which fled.
Tho other attacked the'Vh'hAters,-but tho
bear-was so badly wounded that Captain
Lewis could reload "his gUn as he ran,
when he turned and shot again, killing
the bear, which weighed 300 pounds. At
another time, Captain Lewis, while ap
proaching a herd of buffalo to get a shot,
ohRer-fed a larce bear following him. He
".f,.,.,. , .,., , nti -on fh hp-ir
MUiUn-Gln-u ii.t. v.w - -"-- " v - ----
broke Into a- run after him, .open-mouthed.
Knowing the danger of a wounded bear,
ho struck for the river nearby, rushed
into the water waist deep, and turned
around, facing the bear, which halted,
gazed at him a moment, then fled as if
he had met a foe tenfold more dreadful
than himself. Not long after Captain
Lewis and three others attacked a huge
bear, each one shooting him. The In
furiated beast turned and pursued one of
the men so closely that he threw his gun
away and jumped down a high cliff into
the river. The bear was finally killed,
seven bullets having passed through him,.
He weighed 600 pounds. They had many
such adventures, often narrowly escaping
with their lives.
High up the Missouri game was very
abundant and tame. In their reports,
Lewis and Clark say the buffalo were so
tamo they could walk up close to a herd
without disturbing them; sometimes the
bulls would step out and come quite near
them, and after taking a careful look,
would go to grazing again. They tell how,
by a cunning trick, the Indians often
killed great numbers of them at a time.
The most fleet and active young man was
chosen, who disguised himself In the skin
of a buffalo Jn such a manner as to
resemble a live buffalo.- He then con
coaled himself between the herd and some
river precipice. His companions. In Jhe
meantime, got in the rear of the herd,
and at a given signal showed themselves
and rushed upon the buffalo. They ln-
Btantly took the alarm and ran toward
the disguised Indian, who led them on
at full speed towards the river, when sud
denly; he woukhide in-1 some crevice be
fore Selected! reaving- the leaders, ofthe
herd on the brink of the precipice. It
was then useless for the buffalo In front
i to attempt to retreat, or even stop, as they
were goaded on furiously by the fright-i
enea ones oemna, unui au were precipi
tated over the cliff and killed. Lewis
and Clark counted 100 dead buffalo at the
foot of those cliffs besides many more
had been carried away by the river.
Great Falls of the Missouri.
About June 16, 1805, the expedition
reached and discovered the Great Falls
of the Missouri. Now a city stands there,
with railroads and great manufactories.
They had to construct trucks on which to
haul their canoes and heavy goods, all of
which had to be taken 17 miles around
the falls, a part of which distance was
over very hilly ground. It took them 16
days to get around those falls. Game
there was exceedingly abundant. Grizzly
bear were so plentiful and fierce that sev
eral of tho men came near belpg killed,
and they found It hard to keep them from
robbing their camp at night. At the, falls
they cached some of the ammunition and
goods and left their cannon. Early in
August they had reached the head of
navigation, and. halted.. Here- they cached
a'lotimore off their goqds; but' while the
main party was doing this, Captain Lewis
with two men went on to explore the
route across the mountains, and to find J
Indians from whom he could purchase
horses, and get Information and, assist
ance In crossing the great divide. He
traveled on foot 90 miles, wher he found
a largo encampment of Shoshones, of
which Ca-me-ahtwalt was the chief. After
much smoking, palaver and.talk by signs,
for he had no Interpreter, he made an
agreement with Ca-me-ah-wait for horses
and aid. The chief and many of his peo
ple with horsesr went with Captain Lewis
to his camp on the Missouri. As soon as
they arrived, Sac-a-ja-wae was called to
act as Interpreter, but not until she had
began to interpret the words of Captain
Lewis to the chief did she discover that
ho was her own brother. The meeting of
sister 'and 'brother tftfnder.j;such -circumstances
was pathetic and touching. The
Indians dld'Tiot" bring enough horses to
carry all of the goods, but the remainder
was carried by Lewis and Clark's men
and a number of Shoshone women, who
took great loads on their backs.
When the Shoshone village was reached,
a lively trade In horses at once began,
and while the captains were buying
horses, the men were busy making pack
saddles and arranging the goods in con
venient packages. Learning of her arrival
a young warrior, the betrothed of Sac-a-ja-wea,
came to claim her, but seeing that
she was a mother and the wife 'of an
other, he said he did not want her.
Sho-shone and La Creole
I cannot refrain from speaking here of
the spelling and pronunciation of Sho
shone. In Lewis and Clark's words, it is
often spelled Sho-shone, as it should be,
but It Is often spelt Shosh-o-nee and Shosh-o-neey,
which I believe must be a mistake
of the publishers, because no- one who
ever heard a -Sho-shone Indian pronounce
the word could possibly be mistaken. They
make it only a two-syllable word, with a
heavy accent on the last syllable. In
their writing, Lewis and Clark much of ten
er used this word In the plural than in the
singular number, adding the "s" to the last
syllable, which gives It six letters, making
It seem so long that puollshers, unac
quainted with the true word, have con
ceived that It should be a three-syllable
word, and have so made It, thus totally
destroying both the spelling and pronun
ciation of the word, and committing and
unpardonable barbarism. It Is universally
conceded that every nation or people knows
how to pronounce its own name. When I
came through the Sho-shone nation nearly
50 years ago, I cf ten heard them speak tho
word, and It was absolutely and unmistak
ably Sho-shone and Sho-shones. In Polk
county; Oregon, there Is a good-sized
mill stream called "RIckreall." If s true
name 13 "La Creole," from the Creole
who first settled on Its banks, but
an old Missourlan came and settled
there, and not undertandlng the word,
called It RIckreall, and RIckreall It will al
ways be. Rogue river, In Southern Or
egon, was named "Rouge river" from Its
red clay bank, but the ignorant frontiers
men came and settled there and thought
Rouge spelled. Rogue, and so called the
river, and so it will ever remain "Rogue
river."
Down the Columbia to the Goal.
On the 30th day of August, having pur
chased about 30 horses, Lewis and Clark
parted with the Sho-shones, who went On
their way to hunt buffalo on the Missouri,
and resumed the westward march toward
the Columbia. Their course was toward
and over the Bitter Root mountains and
down the Clearwater river, which they fol
lowed until they reached Its navigable wa
ters, where they stopped to build canots.
After having constructed canoes enough
to carry the whole party and all their lug
gage, and having made arrangements with
a neighboring chief to taKe charge of and
keep their horses until their return, they
again embarked by water for the Pacific
ocean. They found food and game very
scarce, and the Indians poor and destitute
from-the time they left the Missouri river
until they reached the Columbia. Down
the Columbia to its mouth they found food
plentiful and a great many Indians. They
found all of the Indians west of the
Rocky mountains peaceanle and friendly,
and, excepting occasional pilfering, had
no trouble with them. AH the Indian vil
lages they saw in passing down the Colum
bia were visited; the chiefs smoked with,
and presents given to them. At The Dalles
of the Columbia, as well as the Cascades,
.the canoes and all their baggage had to
be dragged and carried around those ob
structions. On the 7th day of November,
1803. they came in sight of the Pacific
ocean, and never did human eyes behold
a more wlshed-for and pleasing view. The
great goal Tiad "been reached, the major
part of the great enterprise had been ac
complished, and they were the first white
men to explore and cross the great wilder
ness the first to blaze, and theirs the first
civilized footprints to dot "the" Oregon
trail.'' They were several days In going
from Pillar rock to Capo Hancock, only
about 20 miles, because their canoes were
so small, heavily laden and unseaworthy.
In fact, It is almost miraculous that they
succeeded in going about in them as much
as they did without the less of life.
Lewis and Clark found game so scarce
on the north side of the- Columbia that
they chose a spot on the Needle river
(Lewis and1 dark) about 20 miles, in i
southeasterly direction, now in Clatsop
county, Or., where they found game quite
plentiful. Sergeant Goss estimates they
killed 131 elk, 21 deer, four beaver, be
sides great numbers of geese, ducks, swans
and brant during the four months they
sojourned at Fort Clatsop. After they
had been there about two months an im
mense whale came ashore at Elk creek.
rsouth of Tillamook head. Captain Lewi's
was about to start with a party of men
to get some of the whale blubber to eat,
when Sac-a-ja-wae came to him and said:
"I have not In all this time been allowed
to go to see the great water which I have
come so far to see and now that the great
fish Is there also, I am going," and so she
and her husband were allowed to accom
pany them. That Is the last we hearof
Sac-a-ja-"wae, the bird woman.
Resort to Doa and Horse Meat.
During their long and toilsome journey,
they were not choosers of the sort of fopd
they had to eat, and ofte nwere glad to
get anything that would sustain life; They
regarded the flesh of beaver the most
palatable, but they become very fond of
dog meat and relished the flesh of young
fat horses. At times It was almost Impos
sible to get anything to eat, and but for
the medicines theyhad,and their skill In
administering them, they might hava
starved, or been compelled to resort to
force to get It. On their return through
Eastern Oregon, Washington and Idaho,
in the spring of 1806, the salmon had not
-begun to ascend the river, andjthe Indians
were so destitute and game so scarce that
nothing but their medicines would buy
food. Many of the Indians hod sore eyes
and often other complaints, and In hopes
of getting relief from Captains Lewis and
Clark, whom they called "great medicine
men," would port with a scanty allowance
of food for treatment. During the greater
part of the journey, they had to make all
their clothing and moccasins, first having
to tan and dress the skins of which they
were made.
Mission Fully Accomplished.
Through their courage, energy and
good management, Lewis and. Clark ac
complished most fully and satisfactorily
every object and purpose of their mission
without any serious loss or fatal mis
hap. Six years later, Wilson P. Hunt, of
the Astor expedition, started on the same
route and for the same point, -with double
the number of thoroughly armed and
equipped men, and had he followed tho
footsteps of Lewis and Clark, would have
made a safe and speedy trip; but in
crossing the Rocky mountains he took
a more southerly route, which led him
Into numerous troubles and danger. Some
of his people died, and all came near los
ing their lives from exposure and starv
ation. Title to Oregon Territory.
On May llt 1792, Captain Robert Gray,
in the ship Columbia, discovered, entered
and explored "the great river of the
West," an,d named It for his ship, which
as the first vessel of any civilized na
tion1 to enter the river. This act, accord
ing to an old English doctrine, as well
as nearly all European nations, made the
river and all the country drained by its
trlhutary streams the property of the
United States. Eleven years afterward,
Thomas Jefferson, Tiy treaty with France,
purchased Louisiana, embracing all that
vast stretch of country from the Gulf of
.Mexico up the Mississippi rlyer, and west
of the Missouri to the Pacific ocean, thus
giving us a seaboard on the Gulf of Mex
ico, as well as on the Pacific Jefferson
was a shrewd, far-seeing statesman, as
well as a great expansionist. He imme
diately followed up this purchase by send
ing out the Lewis and Clark expedition
to explore, examine and take possession
of the newly acquired territory.
Six years after this exploration, John
Jacob Astor sent out a party of 70 or 80
men to settle and establish a business at
the mouth of the Columbia. A few years
later, other American citizens settled in
that territory. In 1842, Senator Linn, of
Missouri, introduced In tht United States
senate a bill giving each man and wife,
bona fide -settlers In Oregon, 640 acres of
land, and to each single man 320 acres.
Only one year later, over 1000 people
crossed the plains to Oregon to avail
themsel s of this most generous offer.
Each succeeding year others went, all
taking up lands, and all held and re
ceived patents fromthi. government. Or
egon was ours then by rig1 1 of discovery;
by right of purchase; by right of explora
tion; by right of first settlement; by right
of occupation, and by right of posses
sion. Who, Then, Saved Oxcgronr
Captain Gray discovered it, making it
ours. In 1803, Thomas Jefferson purchased
it, and Immediately sent out men under
the flag of the United States to view,
explore and take possession, and to noti
fy the Indians of the change. Captain
Gray gave us Oregon. Thomas Jeffer
son saved it, secured, clenched and
perfected the title. England never had
any claim or shadow of claim, to Ore
gon, and but for the Hudson's Bay Com
pany, "never would have attempted to set
up any claim; but that company, who
were Intruders, Interlopers and trespas
sers, constantly importuned their home
government to claim it. They wanted
protection in their ignoble work of rob
bing us of our furs and peltries. At that
time, as now, England was one of the
mot powerful nations of the earth; while
we were but an Infant with only 6,000,000
people, without money, army or navy.
England jiever did, and doe3 not now,
give up a prize so vast and valuable
as Oregon, If she only has a fairly good
claim to it, without fighting for It. This
fact alone is conclusive evidence that
Oregon was ours since 1792, and that Eng
land had no just claim. As soon as the
United States demanded a settlement,
England settled with us upon our own
terms. If she had had any just claim,
she would and could have held It In defi
ance of us. At that time she did not
loye us half so much as she seems to
think she does n&w,. and would not have
hesitated a single moment to fight for and
sustain her legal right at all hazards.
The sagacity of Captain Gray gained,
and the wisdom of Thomas Jefferson
saved Oregon. P. W. GILLETTE.
.STOCKYARDS PROBLEM.
Board of Trade Will Confer With the
Council on Removal.
Some of the members of the new board
of trade are resolving themselves into a
perfect push club, and it is allowable to
suppose that the surplus energy that has
been, bottled up here for 20 years Is about
to be brought out of cold storage and
turned loose for the benefit of the com
munity. Members for the new organization are
being souglft out and secured, and board
of trade buttons are being distributed and
worn. Invitations to join meet with ready
response, and many members are sanguine
of recruiting up to 1000 names during Jan
uary. "
At the meeting yesterday the full board
of directors was present, withplesldent
L. B. Cox in the chair.
The Portland Press Club notified the
board of an intention to make an exhibit
of Oregon products at the national edi
torial convention to be held at New Or
leans in February, and asked that the
plan be indorsed. The directors consid
ered it a good way to advertise Oregon,
and very willingly accorded It their In
dorsement, Persons having samples to
send may leave them with Albert Tozler,
of the Press Club.
The committee appointed to co-operate
with the Chamber of Commerce In ar
ranging for a permanent exhibit and gen
eral headquarters reported progress and
was sure that there would be no failure
in raising tho full fund needed.
Messrs. McKenna, Inman and Conneli
were appointed a special committee to
confer with tho city council to devise an
Improved way of handling cars -In and
about the city. The idea is to expedite
and Increase the business of the city,
especially at the stockyards. It is sold
that a removal of the yards to othpr
f localities would add a cost of $5 to 510
for switching to every carload of stock
unloaded at the yards. This. It Is assert
ed, would smother a great and growing
Industry. The board of trade desires to
faster and build up all industries, and
hopes by conferences with the proper
committees of the city council amicably
to arrange matters so that there will be
no interruption of the stockyard busi
ness.' o
Menace to Health.
Attention has been attracted to the
unsanitary condition of the district at the
cast end of the Morrison-street briage.
While there were but few people living
there but a few years ago, these condi
tions were not bad, nor very good, but
now tnere ore quite a number living in
that vicinity. The buildings are occupied
and the conditions have become unsani
tary. There is no sewerage in that neigh
borhood. It Is thought that a short sewer
might improve conditions temporarily, but
still it la well understood that finally a
complete sewerage will have to be pro
vided for all the low district.
SMITH'S DANDRUFF POMADE
Has yet to And the first case in which it
failed to do all that is claimed for it, and
is the best preparation for dandruff, Itch
ing scalp and falling hair, and will make
hair grow. Price 50c, at all druggists.
STATE ORGANIZATION
SPANISH WAR. VETERANS UNITE AS
A BODY.
General Summers Chosen Colonel
Without a Diss en tine Voice
Resolutions of Gratitude.
A state organization of the volunteers
was perfected at the Armory last evening,
and General Summers elected colonel of
the regiment. Lieutenant Charles A.
MUrphey, of Salem, was chosen lieutenant-colonel.
No material changes wero
made by the state convention in the con
struction of the subordinate organization
by-laws from those in force under the
temporary organization adopted in Port
land some time ago. The state constitu
tion for the state organization Is largely
like that governing the subordinate bod
ies, with duties of state officers added in
stead of the duties of subordinate officers.
There were 38 delegates in attendance
when the convention was called to orde?,
and nine unable to attend were represented
by proxies. The entire business of the
convention was not completed, including
the selecting of time and place for the
next state encampment. There will be a
social gathering this evening at the home
of General Summers, when a brief busi
ness meeting will 'be held and these mat
ters determined. The plan, of organization
adopted for the state adheres as closely
as possible to the regular military forma
tion of the army. The state officers are
Btyled regimental officers. The subordi
nate bodies are called camps, and have
officers corresponding to those of a com
pany. The name of these subordinate
bodies is "camps," the word "company"
not being used, to avoid confusing their
titles with the -companies of the National
Guard.
At 8 P. M. the convention was called
to order, when General Summers and
Captain McDonell wert cnosen chairman
and secretary, respectively, of the tempo
rary organization. L. E. Hooker, Eu
gene; J. W. McKinnon and Henry Hock
enyjs, Portland, were appointed a com
miuee on permanent organization; W. C.
North, C. A Murphey and Jesse Bollam,
committee on credentials, and W. C. North,
C. U. Gantenbeln, C. H. Meussdorffer,
Robert O'Neil, W. G. Jones, L. E. Hook
er, R. C Platts and George Day a com
mittee oii resolutions and constitution.
The committee 'on credentials -reported
th following delegates entitled to seats:
From Summers camp, Portland, W. C.
North, H. C. Wilson, A B. Galloway,
Captain Smith, Jesse Bollam, Conrad
Maxwell, Henry Hockenyos, Fred Martin
and S. P. Ingles; Roseburg camp, George
Day, with three proxies; Gilbert camp,
Portland. H. U. Welch, George Wlgg, G.
F. Jennings,. C. H. Meussdorffer, Dan
Ewing; H camp, Chris Bell, F. W. Free
man, Robert J. O'Neil, W. W. Harder,
Bruce Kaltz and C. E. McDonell; Worrlck
camp, Salem, G. W. Jones, Romeo Gilbert
J. Rex Byars, Frank Collier and C. A.
Murphey; Eugene camp, L. E. Hooker,
with four proxies; Woodburn camp, R. C
Platts and W. H. Barrett, with three
proxies; Camp No. 3, Sanford Writing, T.
N. Dunbar, H. J. Hayes, C. U. Ganten
beln, George H. Carr, C. P. Mercer and
G. Q. Stryker.
Following the report of the credentials
committee, permanent organization was
taken up. General Summers was nomi
nated and elected colonel of the state as
sociation with much enthusiasm and with
out opposition. The election of Lieuten
ant C. A. Murphey, of Salem, for the office
of lieutenant-colonel was without an op
ponent. Captain Sanford Whiting was
chosen unanimously chief surgeon, and L.
E. Hooker, of Eugene, first assistant sur
geon. A contest between Gordon A Peel
and'J. Rex Byars for the office of second
assistant surgeon resulted in the former's
election. H. Hockenyos was elected regi
mental quartermaster, Guy Jennlng3 regi
mental commissary, T. C. Bodley, J. Rex
Byars and R. A Crawford regimental hos
pital stewards; C. P. Mercer and Arthur
Johnson color and standard-bearers, Rev.
W. S Gilbert fofr regimental chaplain, A.
B. Galloway sergeant-major, and George
Day quartermaster-sergeant. The dele
gates from down the Valley were appor
tioned Into one district for the election of
battalion officers, and those in Portland
for the same purpose. Lieutenant Robert
H. Houston was chosen major by the
former, and Captain C. E. McDonell by
the Portland members.
At the opening of the meeting, General
Summers spoke briefly on the work that
had been done for the regiment while In
the service by Governor Geer, who was
present to confer regarding the badges to
be manufactured for the members of the
volunteer commands from the state. Gover
nor Geer replied to the expressions of grat
itude for his services, stating that he
always appreciated highly everything that
had been accomplished by the regiment
bearing Oregon's name. Then he narrated
his efforts to have the war department
donate a cannon captured In Manila to
furnish each volunteer from the state n
distinctive badge, and the successful Issue
announced of the shipment here of an old
bronze field piece. The governor asked that
a committee be appointed by the regiment
to confer with him on the matter. The
chair selected for this purpose Captain
H. U. Welsh, Captain Sanford Whiting,
Sergeant W. C. North, Lieutenant C. A.
Murphey and Captain C. E. McDonell, who
will meet his excellency this morning to
determine a design and other particulars.
Before adjournment several resolutions
were passed by the convention, the first
of which was the earnest wish of the vet
erans that the authorities at Washington
would, at the earliest date, have the re
mains of fallen comrades returned to this
country for final sepulture. The second
was of condolence to the families of sol
diers who have died since their return
from the islands. The third was of regret
at the news of Major-General H. W. Law
ton's death, who commanded the division
In which the Second Oregon fought most
of tho time while in Luzon. The general
was very warmly eulogized in this reso
lution. The fofurfth was an expression of
thanks to Governor Geer for his many
efforts in behalf of the volunteers' inter
ests while campaigning In the Philippines
and since their return to Oregon. The
fifth was to the members of the Emer
gency Corps and Red Cross Society,
thanking them for their constant and ar
dent work for the soldiers. The sixth
thanked the Sisters of Charity and the
St. Vincent hospital for their kindness to
sick soldiers, the Chamber of Commerce
for timely assistance, the members of
the volunteer employment committee, the
Oregon and Columbia telephone compa
nies, the O. R. & N. Co., the Southern
Pacific, and the City &. Suburban.
The convention adjourned to meet again
this evening at 9 o'clock, at the home of
General Summers, where he has planned
a social entertainment for the visiting
delegates and the members of the regi
ment. PERSONAL MENTION.
F. Dodwell, of Tacoma, Is at the Port
land. H. A. Snyder, of Aurora, Is registered
at the Perkins.
F. V. Murray, of Honolulu, Is registered
at the Portland.
Dr. M. E. Hurd, of Salem, Is registered
at the Imperial.
Dr. J. B Burns, of Republic, Wash.,
is at the Portland.
C. A. Boyles and wife, of Astoria, axe
guests of the Perkins.
J. O. Spencer, of Clifton, Or., Is regis
tered at the Imperial.
Dr. J. A. Lamberson, of Lebanon, is
registered at the Perkins.
A. E. Thome, of Toledo, Wash., is reg
Istered at the St. Charles.
Misses M. and N. Jeffery, of Astoria,
are guests of the Perkins.
H. M. Hudson, for a long time a mem
ber of the Portland police force, is in the
city from his Kalama farm. He is stay
ing at theSt. Charles.
A. R. Bentley, of the Bentley Construc
tion Company, returned from the East
yesterday.
J. T. Tuffs, a business man of Wolf
Creek, Josephine county, i3 registered at
the Imperial.
George P. Sharkey, F. H. Welsh, E.
Grunsteod, Olof Kyllo.. Louis Xongo and
M. Lewis left last night for Dawson City.
R. A. Booth, banker of Grant's Pass,
and member of the Booth-Kelly lumber
ing firm, registered at the Imperial yes
terday. Charles H. Chance, who has been with
Willis & Willis the past six years, started
last evening for Sumpter, where he will
open a law office.
Mr. Julius L. Haas, for many years one
of the firm of Dlttenhoefer, Haas & Co.,
wholesale furnishing goods merchants of
this city, is again In our midst He has
the sole agency for Oregon, Washington
and Idaho of the Heynemann Company's
productions; noteworthy are the well
known Can't Bust 'Em overalls and Ex
celsior shirts. Mr. Haas has opened sales
rooms at the Jmperlal hotel, In this city;
at the Hotel Northern, Seattle; at the
Hotel Spokane, Spokane, and at the Over
land hotel, Boise, Idaho.
SAN FRANCISCoTjan. 4. Portland ar
rivals are guests at hotels here as fol
lows: Martin Winch and wife, C. J. Owen,
B. F. Sherman, at the Palace; John Kin
nan, George W.'Weldler,. Mrs. J. C. Van
Remslaer, Mr. A. Kadderly; Miss Kad
derly, at the Occidental; J. H. McAfee,
wife and child', I. Q. Williams, II. P.
Downs, F. C. Edmlnston, at the Grand;
C. H. Brown, John Hale, G. Wilson, at
the Lick; P. Hammel, at the New West
ern? P. Wesslnger, at tho Golden West;
A. C. McFarlane, at the Russ.
cot
COMING ATTRACTIONS.
"At Gay Coney Island.'
Regarding the "Gay Coney Island" com
pany, which appears at Cordray's Sun
day night, tho Anaconda Standard of De
cember 13 says:
" 'Gay Coney Island' was presented at
the Grand opera-house, Butte, last night,
to a large audience, and the play has lost
none of its polish and Interest since it
was here the last time. The several prom
inent people in the cast do their parts
very well, and altogether give a flrst
class show, in which the gaiety and every
day scenes at the famous resort are ably
set forth.
"The plot Is merely of importance in
asmuch as it holds together the characters
throughout in a continual progress of
amusement. There are several special
features the whistling and imitations of
Al Holt who probably has no peer as an
Imitator of the mocking-bird; Miss Mattie
Lockett, a pleasing soubrette, who can
both sing and act; Miss Marie Storl, a
violinist of exceptional ability, who gave
to 'Suwanee River,' the encore, a depth of
sweet melody and harmony which it
would seem next to impossible to extract
from a violin; Burt Weston and Charles
Belmont are by far the cleverest team
that has yet essayed the principal part3.
"The company is a largo one, and every
member of It 13 entitled to more or less
notice. There is nothing In the play to
shock the sensibilities of the most puri
tanical. The choruses are exceptionally
good, and as for the play itself, every
body knows what 'Gay Coney Island is."
De Pnchmnnn Sale Opens Today.
Tho Boston Transcript has the following
to say of Vladimir de Pachmonn, the
great Russian pianist, who will be seen at
the Marquam Grand Monday night, Jan
uary 8, of his appearance at the Worces
ter festival:
"If Mrs. Sembrlch was the radiant star
of the evening, De Pachmann was the
beaming sun of the afternoon. It is fully
six years since De Pachmann was heard
last In this country, and it was In 1893
that he played. Chopin's second concerto
in F minor in Worcester. His technique
Is wonderfully accurate and complete, his
tone coloring is replete with gorgeous ef
fects, yet the acme of refinement, and
his understanding of the great master of
pianoforte composition in its most ex
alted and stylish form Is something In
credible. De Pachmann rings out the rhythm, the
harmony and the puissant ideas and ef
fects of Chopin with a masterly touch and
with a fascinating interpretation. There
was an indefinably exquisite blending of
harmonic notes, clearly Indicated transi
tions from chord to chord and phrase to
phrase, rhythm ever changing and undu
lating, and indescribable effects of sus
tained tone produced with the aid of the
pedals,"
The sale of seats opens this morning at
the box-office.
Frederick Warde.
The appearance In this city January 10,
11, 12 and 13 of Frederick Warde, together
with Mr. and Mrs. Clarence M. Brune,
with their star-cast company, including
six former leading men, in an elaborate
scenic production of "The LIon'3 Mouth,"
will undoubtedly be the event of the year
In theatrical affairs. Mr. Warde stars
this season under auspices and conditions
never before attained by this distinguished
and popular actor. His manager has not
only surrounded him with the foremost
actors of the legitimate stage, but has
given his productions an environment
which, for pictorial and historic Illustra
tion, has seldom been equaled by a spec
tacular performance. Two 60-foot baggage-cars
are carried to. transport the
scenery for "The Lion's Mouth." Mr.
Warde, as the first actor In America, la
too well known and appreciated to re
quire any explanation. Minnie Tittell
Brune has won the hearts and commenda
tion of the critics throughout the country,
who also vouch for the worth of Mr.
Warde's company.
The Tfeill Stoclc Company.
As the James Neil! stock company jour
neys across the country on Its Western
tour, houses are crowded everywhere and
managers of all the theaters In which it
has played send telegrams to Manager
Helllg praising it in the highest terms.
Last night a wire came in from Manager
G. P. McFarland. of the Butte theater,
which is a fair sample. It is as follows:
"Butte, Mont, Jan. 4. 1900 -Cal Helllg,
Portland: James Nelll company positive
ly the best attraction ever In this house."
As some of the best attractions on the
road have played the Butte theater, thl3
recommendation amounts to something.
n i
SAID TO BE ALUM POISONING.
Serious Case of Illness Reported
From the Une of Impure Bale.
Injr Powder.
Johnstown. Penn., Tribune.
The poisoning of the Thomas family, or
Thomas' Mill. Somerset Co., four mem
bers of which were reported to have been
made dangerously 111 by impure baking
powder used In mixing buckwheat cakes,
has been further investigated.
The original can with the remainder of
the baking powder left over after mixing
the cakes was secured y Dr. Crltchfleld.
The powder had been bought at a neigh
boring country store, and wa3 one of the
low priced brands.
Dr. Crltchfleld said that th patients had
the symptoms of alum poisoning. As the
same kind of baking powder Is sold m
many city groceries, as well as country
stores. Dr. Crltchfleld thought It impor
tant that a chemical examination should
be made to determine Its ingredients. He
therefore transferred the pacage of pow
der to Dr. Schlll. of this city, for analysis.
Dr. Schlll's report Is as follows:
I certify that I have examined chemi
cally the sample of baking powder
forwarded to me by Dr. Crltchfleld. The
specimen contained alum.
Dr. Francis Schlll, Jr., Analyst
Alum Is used in the manufacture of tne
lower priced baking powders. It is a min
eral poison, and for this reason the sale
of baking powders containing it is in many
cities prohibited.
IN THE SEVERAL COURTS
THREE MORE DIVORCB SUITS ADD
ED TO THE LONG LIST.
Convicted Robber Jumps Hl Ball
and Avoids Sentence Surety Com
pany Must Pay.
John W. Lynch yesterday filed suit
against Anna L. Lynch for a divorce. In
the state circuit court The parties were
married In Portland in the year 1S92. and
have one child, of which the plaintiff asks
the legal custody. Lynch in his compladnt
alleges that two months ago John W.
King came to room at his house, and that
he objected to, his presence, whereupon
Mrs. Lynch insisted that King should
come, and became very intimate wlh him,
notwithstanding plaintiff's protests. The
husband says further that his wife in
formed him she had not loved him for
five years, and she insisted upon King re
maining in the housfc and associating with
him, and told plaintiff in the presence of
King that King should come to the house
at any time, and showed her marked
preference for King for the purpose of hu
miliating plaintiff. Lynch also- avers that
he is an engineer, employed at night time,
and one night he came home at 10- o'clock
to get some tools, and caught King run
ning away from the house. The plaintiff
asserts further that he has to sleep In the
day time, and says his wife, to annoy
him, slam3 the doors and disturbs his rest,
and has threatened to smash his head. He
states that It Is absolutely necessary for
him to sleep and that, being so dis
turbed,, has decreased his strength and Im
paired his health. In conclusion. Lynch
alleges that his wages are $SJ per month,
and that he has given his wlfo 550 each
month to conduct the house, and that
nevertheless she ha3 complained to people
that she has not had enough to eat
Rebecca C. J. Reed has brought suit
against Thomas P. Reed for a dissolution
of the matrimonial bonds. She avers that
they were Joined together in holy wedlock
November 17, 1889, In Multnomah county,
and states that the defendant contracted
the habit of excessive drinking In the
year 18S6, and has since treated her cruelxy.
Mrs. Reed alleges that in May, 1899, her
husband drew a knife and threatened to
assault her, and on December 21. 1S90,
assaulted her with a revolver. She says
he threatened to kill her, and. deserted her
on December 26. The plaintiff also al
leges that the defendant received 515,000
during the past five years as the-residuary
share of plaintiff in her father's estate,
and has applied and converted the money
to hl3 own use. There are three children,
and the plaintiff asks to be named as tneu
legal custodian.
Maggie Cooper has begun an action
against Lafayette Cooper for a divorce and
for the custody of their two children.
They were wedded at Astoria In July, 1S92.
Mrs. Cooper complains that her husband
falsely and maliciously caused her to be
arrested in November, 1839. for Infidelity
on a warrant Issued in the municipal
court and says she had an examination
and was acquitted on the charge.
Affidavit Was Fatally Defective.
James S. Ray, arrested on complaint of
Dudley S. Evans as an absconding debtor,
was discharged from custody by Judga
George yesterday because ofHhe Insuffi
ciency of the affidavit upon whicirjbe writ
of arrest was issued. Attorney -Walter
Wolf desired to file a new affidavit and
cause a second arrest to be made, but
was unable to get tho necessary bona
men together. Ray Is said to have left
the city, and this la doubtless the end of
the matter. Ray, it was contended owed
B. Gildner and A. L. Belliveau 5121 bal
ance on a note, and they assigned the
claim to Evans. The affidavit filed In tho
cose was upon information and belief and
recited that Ray was about to leave tho
state, and that affiant was Informed by
another person about a week ago- that
Ray was heard to state that he had money
at that time, etc. The affidavit stated
what the information was, but did not
say that the affiant believed it This wa3
the second affidavit. Attorney Schnabelk
for the defendant having considerately
permitted the withdrawal of the first affi
davit Mr. Schanbel argued that the affi
davit in a cose of this nature occupied
the place of an indictment and when it
was fatally defective It was of no legal
force and effect Plaintiff's counsel moved
to amend, but the court ruled that an
amendment was not allowable. Judge
George held that neither affidavit was
good, and vacated the writ of arrest Ray
was at liberty on cash ball. An answer
has beenlaied in the case, setting up that
the debt was a gambling debt, and not
collectible. The action for the recovery
of the money may bo tried out on Its
merits.
Probate Matters.
The final report of H. M. Potter, ex
ecutrix of the estate of L. C. Potter, de
ceased, was filed. The receipts from rents
were $403, and the disbursements Include
5203 taxes. The executrix has tho use of
the property during her natural life. Tho
other heirs are Lester Potter, Daisy Whit
field, Grace Hughes, and also seveial
grandchildren.
The final account of the executrix of the
estate of Theodore E. Holmes, deceased,
was set for hearing February 12.
The. inventory of the estate of Thomas
Geldard, deceased, was filed. The total
valuation is 5330.
H. B. Nicholas was appointed adminis
trator of the estate of Joseph Mueller, de
ceased, valued at JSCO. The heirs reside
in Germany. -
I. A. Macrum, administrator of the es
tate of R. E. Hurgren, reported the sale
of land in Clatsop county for 5300.
Convicted Robber Jumps Ball.
Judge George yesterday continued the
time for passing sentence upon P. Brlborg.
until January 20. The significance of th!3
delay Is that Brlborg Is not here. He has
jumped his ball. He was released some
time ayo pending the dlsposlton of a mo
tion for a new trial, on a bond for 51000.
signed by the United States Fidelity &
Guarantee Company. The company Is
good, and unles3 Brlborg is found, the
district attorney will enforce the collec
tion of the amount The surety company
Is backed by two friends of Brlborg, and
they will have to settle with the com
pany. Brlborg is known to have skipped
several week3 ago. He, was convicted of
the larceny of 510 from William Pierce,
while the latter was a convalescent patient
at the Good Samaritan hospital.
Court Xoten.
Huston Shannan, charged with larceny,
was allowed further jtlme until Wednesday
next to plead, by Judge George yester
day. In the case of W. W. Catlin, receiver,
vs. the Beaver Hlli Coal Company Judge
Bellinger yesterday overruled a plea of
want of jurisdiction of the court, denied
a motion for nonsuit and gave judgment
for plaintiff.
In the cose of Allen & Lewis, vs. the
O. R. & N. Co. In the United States court
yesterday a hearing was had befor&.,Judgo
Bellinger on the plea of th,e Oregoni Short
Line as to the jurisdiction, of the court
so far as the Short Lino is concerned.
The. matter was argued and taken under
advi'sement
o t
The Mother of Senators.
Cincinnati Enquirer.
Ohio still stands at the head of the list
as the mother of senators, but she has
lost one since last year and naw has
only 10 of her sons in the senate. New
York has nine, while Virginia and Mas
sachusetts each has five. Pennsylvania,
Tennessee and Vermont each four, Ala
bama. Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi and
Missouri each three. Georgia, Illinois,
Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina.
South STrollna each two, and Connecti
cut, Delaware, -Indiana. New Hampshire.
New Jersey, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah
jauu. Wisconsin eacn naa ong.
'JL: