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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 5, 1900)
THE JlOKNIfcv. IlGONIAN, FRIDAY, TANUART 5, 19ti(i. OEROULEDE IS BANISHED SENTENCED TO TEX YEARS' EXILE Br KREXCH HIGH OURT. -Buffet Meets the Same 'Fate Gnerln "W'-iUL Be Imprisoned for a Sim ilar Ten. PARIS, Jan. 4. The -high court (senate) La secret cession today condemned H. Buf let and JJeroulede to I years' banishment, M. Guefln was sentenced to 10 years con finement in a fortified place. Marquis de Lur Saluces -was sentenced to 10 years' aanishment. The marquis, -who is a well known royalist, ani formerly a member of the chamber of deputies, was convicted .n default of appearance. His where abouts is unknown, but It is believed that -he Is outside of French territory. Today's declsloTS condemn the convicted men to pay the costs or the prosecution. The sentences take effect Immediately. Guerin will be. removed to a French fortress, probacy on the island of Oleron, off the west coast. MM. Buffet and De roulede left Paris by the Northern rail road. JATAM3SB DIET. Opposition Charges the Premier and 4JL Home MiulKter With Corruption. YOKOHAMA, Dec 1C, via "Victoria, B. C, Jan. 4. The memorial to the thron brought into the diet this week by the opposition is practically an impeachment of Premier Marquis Yamagata and Home 3teaster Marquis Seigo for corrupt prac--tres The specifications allege undue In fluence used by the government in the re c cut elections, and the granting of a char "cr in the great municipal improvement sc heme as a direct bribe for securing the massage of the government bill. As the -ndictment is made by a party which Is 'tself by no means untainted with cor ruption and is in a hopeless minority, swift defeat will be the fate of the meas- The hill -for the regulation of religious organizations excites much comment he cause Of 4ts absolute fairness and im iartlaHt3v Christianity is no longer mere ly tolerated, hut receives recognition. All religious property is exempt from taxa tion and religious teachers from con scrlpflSon. The -whole Buddhist sects show am unexpectedly liberal spirit, and are practically united in giving support o vhe measure The plague at Kobe is announced to be isospressed, and the special commission for ts treatment has been withdrawn. The gleaning committees in all large towns -Jll, however, be kept In service for a lont time to come, to prevent the recurrence af the scourge. The feellngof sympathy and depression -among Anglo-Saxon residents over Brit ish reverses In South Africa is very strong, and is largely shared by Japanese, -whose sentiments are strongly pro-British. The excitement in the foreign commun ity over the Kent case still continues. 'The opinion is freely expressed that a reversal of Judgment on appeal will by mo means allay the sense of insecurity which "has been aroused by it. Nothing "nut the removal of the judge will restore confldence. CHINESE AXD FRENCH FOUGHT. 'Small Enerasremcnt Near the Tonquin Border. VICTORIA, B, a. Jan. 4. News has reached Canton that a battle occurred be tween natives near Wangchauan and the French forces stationed there. It Is said that the Chinese routed the French and pursued them for some distance. The FVeneh loss was SO Mlled. The Chinese l&sses are not stated. The battle occurred xhe iota ana 11th of last month. On hear ing of the affair the viceroy dispatched ithree gunboats with 1000 soldiers to restore order. The viceroy also wired the tsung-H-yamen asking what steps are to be taken, as he Is quite unable to 'carry out the delimitation to the satisfaction of the Trench. The news was brought by the Queen Adelaide, which reached here to tdajv A dispatch from Seoul, dated December 12, to the Nlcnl Nichl, of Japan, says the protest of the Russian minister against the land purchase at Masampo, made by Japanese, was rejected by the Corean gov ernment, and the land has consequently htcnsie the property' of the Japanese. .Missionary Killed ly Chinese. PEKING, Jan. 4. The Bev. Mr. Brooks, of the; Church Missionary Society, sta tioned at Ping Yin, in the province of Shan Tung, was eaptured in the vicin ity and murdered December 3 by members of a seditious gang called "boxers," who have been active lately in destroying many Ullage and killing native Christians. The governor of the province has dispatched a force of cavalry to the scene of the dis turbances, but the sdldlers. arrived too late to save Mr. Brooks. Rio Mara Wreelced. VICTORIA B. C, Jan. 4. The steamer Queen Adelaide -brings news that the steamer Rlq Maru was wrecked bff Omi capf. She struck a submerged rock, and soon afterward foundered. An Englishman named Richmond has been murdered in Chemulpo. The Earthquakes in Tiflis. TD7LIS, Russian Caucasia, Jan. 4. Al together 13 villages in the Achalalalc dis trict f this government have experienced .earthquake- shocks. Six of these places ha e "been, completely destroyed, and 800 dead bodies have already been recovered. REFORM IN TEACHING. rofesfco'r "Hadley Talks o Work of Yale University. the CHICAGO, Jan. 4. "By the time of the Yale' bl-centennlal in 1901, I believe we .ehall seeNsuch a reform in the teaching work in fhe university as will bring all the undergraduate departments into har mony and adapt the college work both to ihe ch,ools below it and the world life After it. I believe that there will be a progress in the course of study which shall makts the result of the education they slve the advance of the student really and truly not only toward citizen ship, "but toward "the particular kind of citizenship which he needs to exercise." This was the way President Arthur T. Hadley, of Yale university, characterized the present lines of development In his in stitution in an after-dinnex speech which he made last evening at the dinner given in his honor by the Chicago Yale'Assocla tion at the University Club. .Mr. Hadley had spoken regretfully of some features of the educational work of Yale in the past. "I regret," he said, "that progress in matters of instruction has not been what it should have been. There has been a lack of progress, of co-ordination and of the adaptation of the studies to the condi tions of American life. There is a strong feeling now that the faculties must use brains in the reform of the courses of instruction, and put the work into co herence with Itself and with outside life." Then he made the prediction which has betn quoted, and continued: "I do not have great sympathy with the view hat the college course should be a prtparatlon of students for the profes sional or business life. I hold rather that it should co-operate with the store and office life that is to follow and teach these things which would not be learned in the store or office, so as to make a nun big enough to see things outside his prifesslonal rut. I would have it give the graduate a larger Knowledge of life, so thit when the chance for progress comes -UAM.T1 Vm .-I... , 4a fnVA 4V.A l.tn.4 . I. n I ,UU T , i . . guese fleet south. He discovered Natal on r. Badiey spoke also of some of the Christmas day, and thus named It la con materia, improvements which Yale is aim- J sequence. Ing at for the celebration of the 200th anniversary of its foundation, January 10, next His present trip, which includes many of the largest cities of the "West, is made largely with the view of stirring up Tale loyalty to aid In the work, and he gave many expressions of his appre ciation to the alumni for the Interest they had shown In their alma mater. He told of the new buildings which are to be erected as jsoon as the funds are ready, Including an auditorium, a memorial ves tibule, a dlning-hall and administration buildings. Then, speaking of the finances, he said: "If Princeton, at the end of a century and a half of history, could raise from its alumni a memorial fund of $1,500,000, I figure that Yale at the end of two cen turies can raise $2,000,000." a THEY ARE TO BLAME. Anti-Imperialists Are Partly Respon sible for Lawton's Death. New York Tribune. To the Editor of the Tribune: Sir: In "General Lawton's "Epitaph" (De cember 24) jou charge the. antl-lmperlallsts with the responsibility for his most lamentable death. Dare you assert that there was any vlld reason why under the treaty with Spain the Filipinos should not have been gien equal po litical rights with the Cabana? ' Dare you assert that if that had been done our country would not have been spared th war that has coat it the lHea of General Law ton, and of. too, too many of our fellow 'coun trymen? Dare you deny that President McKlnley Is officially and morally responsible for that war, and consequently for the deaths of our -fellow countrymen? Dare you publish this letter? FRANCIS E. WOODRUFF. Morrlstown, N. J.. Dec 24, 3S00. We dare although it Is not agreeable to deal, on a subject of such gravity, with a correspondent who swaggers Into the arena in the manner of a Bowery "tough." "We dare charge the so-called anti-imperialists, who have frantically antago nized the "United States government's pol icy In the Philippines, with a share of the responsibility for General Lawton's death. "We charge It on the authority of General Lawton himself. In a letter written shortly before his death, and quoted In the article to which our correspondent takes excep tion. General Lawton said: "If I am shot by a Filipino bullet It might as well come from one of my own men, because I know from observations confirmed by cap tured prisoners that the continuance of fighting is chiefly due to reports that are sent out from America." It Is not we who say that. It is Lawton-s voice from tho grave telling the faultfinders, who for months have been misrepresenting a re mark credited to him about "this accursed war" and trying to -use him as a club against the administration, that he dies from their blows. Does Mr. "Woodruff dare Btand by Lawton's coflin and proclaim that the critic safe In Morrlstown, N. J., knew more of what was right in dealing with the Filipinos than the intrepid hero who went to his death In Luzon, almost with his last breath avowing his belief In the justice of our campaign? We dare assert that there were valid rea sons for treating the Philippines differently from Cuba. The United States was re sponsible to the world for those Islands, and could not wisely bind Itself to recog nize and protect as their government a body of men whose performances as civil ized rulers could not "be forecast, and whose ability to maintain themselves in local authority without unending civil wars was not evident. Even In Cuba It has needed, so far, to keep absolute author ity in its own hands, jvet as It was doing In the Philippines, pending full light on the problems there presented, when the Tagals attacked our troops without waiting to know what this government could do for them. We dare afllrm that the president was not responsible for the Insurrection, and that he could not, under the treaty, make any promise such as the Cubans had, which would have averted hostilities. He did not make the promise to the Cubans. Con gress made It. He carried on war under Its orders, and as a result acquired sov ereignty of the Philippines for the United States. He had no power to announce any disposition of that territory. He could only take It or leave it for Spain t6 fight with Agulnaldo about, or sell to some ctner country. The Impartient Filipinos, who could not be induced to make any reason able statement of their hopes or concede any authority In return for the protection which they frankly said they wanted, be gan hostilities while the United States, with the best of good will toward them. 1 was trying to learn their needs and what sort of a government would suit them. We dare assert that the course of the United States In dealing with the insur rection is one which no American need be ashamed of, and In witness we again quote from Lawton's death message: I would to Gofl that the truth of this whole Philippine situation could be known by every one in America ns I know It. If the real his tory, inspiration and conditions of this Insur rection, and the influences, local and external, that now encourage the enemy, as well as the actual possibilities of thcee islands and peo ples and their relations to this great East, could be understood at home, we would hear no more talk of unjust "shooting' of government" Into the Filipinos or hauling down our flag In the Philippines. If the so-called anti-lmperlallsts would honestly tocertain the truth on the ground, and not In distant America, they, whom I believe to be honest men misinformed, would be convinced of the error of their state ments and conclusions and of the unfortunate effect of their publications here. Perhaps the gentleman in Morrlstown, N. J., knows more about "unjust shooting of government into the Filipinos" than the general whom he laments, but we doubt It. When the news of Lawton's death first camethe "anrti-Imperialists" were gulck to picture him an unwilling martyr to tho "usurpations" of the president. One pa per declared that "his abhorrence of the war In which professional duty called him to engage in the Philippines was moro than once expressed in -vigorous terms, ana If a moment of consciousness was left him after being struck by the fatal bullet It must have been embittered by the thought that he fell In what he last sum mer called 'this accursed war' accursed because needless and Ignominious." An other declared that his death drove Into the public conscience "the folly of Mr. McKin ley"s war In the Philippines." We regret not to. have seen either correct Its mis representations in the light of Lawton's own expressions. But we do not wonder. They described the administration as his murderer, and they could not comment on his letter without noting that he himself declared In his dying statement that they were the workers of his death. So they keep -silence. Our Morrlstown correspond ent evidently absorbs their passion but not their discretion. He has read Lawton's letter and takes us to task as If It origi nated with us. Has It not occurred to him Instead to "dare" his friends to square their whining over Lawton with Lawton's accusation against themselves? o A Ncv Motive Power. Indianapolis News. While one group of Inventors Is at work on liquid air as a motive power, with a lemperaiure enormously below zero, an other makes a claim of remarkable merits for superheated water In light and heavy transportation. The water Is heated In up right steel tubes to 150 deg. above the temperature of steam in a locomotive. When released Into an engine It expands nearly 1000 times and performs the ser vices required of a storage power. 1 n Named for Christmas. Louisville Courier-Journal. South Africa was discovered hv th Portuguese, who were searching for nn t ocean road to India. Bartholomew Diaz was the commander of the two little ships inai wraiea me expeaiuon in i486. Eleven rADrc lflfor T.o noma rkb mmmUmm t..& - vyv auuuicl JTOTIU- OF DEPOSIT CURRENCY INTEREST OF THE FARMER tX THB BANKING QU&STlONi Difference Between tne Dematttlb b& Country Banks and on City Banks Necessary I3xpensesi NEW YORK, Jan. 1 $ wo recent num bers of Sound Currency fey L. Carroll Root, secretary -of the Reform Club's sound currency eommitteej ana formerly assistant to the Indianap8lls nionetafy commission, deal With tlte banking qUesi tlon from a semfcwnat new. But very M nortant. noiht of view. The first Is en titled "Deposit Currency." In it tlife author shows how bank deposits subject to check Ai,U)iif. U ,iu it w vkcZ it un rnASSSSy&SLS! strates conclusively that these deposits afe bank currency Just as truly as-bank notes. are, the ttvo being only different forms which bank credit takes, and being simi larly created la the operation Of discount ting the notes of the bank's Customers, and both performing all the Gfilees of cur rency where used. Mr. Root shdws what are some of the considerations which have ceptable for use. In country districts and ) at the same time have resulted ih a de cided preference for the bank deposit as tho main currency for use In the cltie3 and the distinctly commercial commUnI' ties. In the second pamphlet, entitled "The THP LATE DR. PROMINENT DENTIST AND Farmer's Interest In the Banking Ques tion," the author develops this point fur ther, and shows how, because of It, the restrictions which our laws have placed upon the issue of bank notes in excess of those put upon the use of deposits amount to a practical discrimination against the use of bank notes and' In favor of those whose currency is deposits, and is thus a discrimination against the country in fa vor of the city. The most important of these restrictions are the special taxation of bank notes and the requirement for Investment in United States bonds to be deposited as se curity for their use. Because of these re- wnose habits ;nd convenlence require those forms of eurrenev (that Is hv thn farmers and the population of our agrl- cultural sections generally) has been made expensive, while the commercial and flnan- t cial classes, -who do not care to make use ! of notes, but whose business Is best and most conveniently done with deposits, have been left free to use their own particular form of currency without restrictions or burdens. This naturaMy and necessarily produces higher rates of interest In coun try districts, as the author shows by a series of concrete illustrations. He takes, for example, a typical city bank of $100,000 capital, with '5150,000 of deposits. Its con dition would be represented by the follow ing balance sheet: Assets Loans and discounts $212,500 Cash reserve (25 per cent) 37,500 Total $250,000 Liabilities Capital $100,000 Deposits 150,000 Total $250,000 With $5000 expenses, this bank could earn a 6 pet cent dividend upon Its capital if its loans were made at an average rate of 5.18 per cent. Contrast with this the situation of. a typical country bank under the existing system. In order to furnish its currency in the form needed by Its customers, a large part of It must be In the shape of bank notes; Instead of all deposits, as In the city. Take, as before, a bank of. $100, 000 capital, with $150,000 demand liabilities $90,000" of which are notes and $0,000 de posits. It Is necessary under the present system that the bank should buy $100,000 of United States bonds, to be deposited with the treasurer at Washington. These at present prices would cost about $112,500. This will leave the bank, after keeping out a cash reserye of $37,500 as before, only $100,000 for genera loans and dis counts. Its condition will be as represent ed by the following balance sheet: Assets United States bonds $112,500 Loans and discounts 100 000 Cash reserve (25 per cent) 37,500 Total Liabilities Capital Deposits .'. Circulating notes Total ..$250,000 ..$100,000 .. 60,000 .. 90,000 $250,000 To the same expenses as are borne by the city bank must be added $900 for tax on circulation. A 6 per cent dividend would take $6000 as before. The bank's total income must therefore be $11,900 in order to make possible a6 per cent divi dend upon the capital stock. Now the net return upon the $112,500 Invested In United States bonds Is only 2 per cent. The total net income on the $112,500 thus in vested is, therefore, only $2,531 25. In or der to make the total income up to $11,900, the loans and discounts must produce $9358 75 which requires that they should be made at an average rate of about 9.4 per cent This is the reason, as the author shows, why rates of interest are so high in our agricultural sections. More money can be made by starting a bank in a city and lending at 5 per cent, where the form ot currency desired (deposits) is untaxed and unburdened, than. can be made by lend ing at 9 per cent in a country district, where a considerable portion of the cur rency must take the form of notes, the Issue of which Is so severely burdened. Until those burdens, aro rempYed ateg oj Interest must remain much higher In the j country than in the city. Another common-sense view of the ques tion is as follows:- The city bank fs left free to lend Its entire $212,500 to local bor rowers. The country bank, In the typical case mentioned, is" required at the outset id withdraw $112,500 for Investment in bonds at' 2 per cent interest. This re duces the portion to lend to local "borrow ers to $10,000. And It "stands to reason" that If so large a part Is required to be 'IhVeStgd In- a special form" at af rate of interest much Below the normal icommer clal rate, the part lent at home must bo lent at a rate enough above the normal rale to make up for what the bond In vestment falls below It How different the situation if the Issue of notes, -within reasonable limitations, were no more restricted and no more heavily burdened than the' use of de pBsIts! Then the discrimination between city and country would disappear, and the rural commirsity which preferred its currency in thfc form of notes would be at uurrwicy m uic iu.ih oi notes wouia peui nD disadvantage as compared with the Commercial community: the country bank would then be in a position to make loans on as favorable terms' as the city bank, and the average lending rate required ed to earn a 6 per cent dividend in the typical case mentiqned would fall from 9.4 to 5.1S per cent PRICES UNTOUCHED. Half of the 190b Iron Ontput Already Sold tthd Market -Finn. CLEVELAND, JahT 4. The .iron Trade" Review says! With B0 per Cent of the pigirdn pro- 0. O. ROGERS. SCIENTIST OP FOREST GROVE. duction of 1900 sold in advance, though not all of this for shipment in the first J six momns, it is not to oe expected that any sensational market turns will be en countered for weeks, if at all. The sig nificance today is that the sensational crash In Wall street and the dullness of holiday time have left pgiron prices thus .far untouched. ' Against the fact that production has overtaken demand, sellers of iron point to the general urgency with which deliver ies are called for and the further fact that a good many important consumers who began in November to wait for prices to decline have yet to buy for a round percentage of their requirements in the next six montns. in some cases tne test wI11 De made on the advance in iron and steel freights, effective January 1, whether buyer or seller shall stand them on the nex purchases made. Bessemer pig re mains at $25, Pittsburg, and is Very firm In view of a slight curtailment of opera tion due to the recent interruption of ore movement from the docks. Foundry irons are unchanged In all markets. Jn steel billets the indications are that while the mills are not so well filled with orders as are the blast furnaces, the ex pectations of buyers who have been wait ing for a decline will be disappointed for the present at least. Bessemer steel ca pacity has not increased in the year, apart from the completion of a new plant in the Wheeling district and with rail mills so .heavily sold for, 1900 they will not be heard from in the billet market. All lines of finished material are quiet, with prices for plates a trifle easier, bars strong and sheets stationary. , Structural mills are well occupied and the prospect of spring work is counted excellent, if money conditions do not change unexpectedly for the worse. The returns show that the amount of Iron ore received in the past season of naviga tion at Lake Erie ports was 15,222,187 gross tons, an increase of 38 per cent over 1S98. o THE DAY'S RACES. Yestcrdny's Winners at Tanforan and New Orleans. SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 4. The weather at Tanforan Park was fine, and the track heavy. The results were: One mild, selling Bishop Heed won, Cy ril second, Red Pirate third; time, 1:42. Mile and an eighth, selling Imperious won, Meadowthorpe second, Glengaber third; time, 1:55M. One mile, selling Geyser won, Advance Guard second, Bogus Bill third; time, 1:42. Mile and a sixteenth, Baden stakes, value $1200 Timemaker won. Potente sec ond, Zoroaster third; time, 1:49. Six furlongs, selling Thomas Carey won, San Augustine second, Modwena third; time. 1:15. Seven furlongs San Venado won, Hard Knot second, Lady Meddlesome third? time, 1:28. Races nt New Orleans. NEW ORLEANS, Jan, 4. Barataria and St. Wood were the only winning favor ites today. The track was fast. The re sults were: Six furlongs Wiggins won, Dlggs sec ond, Cotton Plant third; time, 1:15. One mile Phallas won, Ben Chance sec ond, Chlckamauga third; time, 1:44. Mile and a sixteenth Barataria won, Jim Conway second, Traveller third; time, 1:51. Seven furlongs, handicap St. Wood won, Laureate second, Debrlde third; time, 1:28. Six furlongs Algaretta won. Belle of Memphis second, BennevUle .third; time, 1:13. p Michigan Town Bnrningr. MUSKEGON, Mich., Jan. 4. At 10:15 P. 34. It was reported here that the town of Mears is being destroyed by fire. The fire started in the business district about 9 o'clock, and had burned six business bulldftigs, WILL ENLARGE OUR TRADE COMMERCE OF CUBA, PUERTO RICO AND THB PACIFIC ISLAND'S. Insular Production Capable o Gresli Increase Effect of Annexation dfi Prices of Tropical Product: WASHINGTON, Jan. 4. Cuba, Puerto" Rico, the Hawaiian, Philippine and Sa moan Islands; their commerce, conditions and producing and consuming power, is the subject of a monograph just issued by the treasury bureau of statlst.es In re sponse to the renewed demand for infor mation regarding those islands. In this volume, two previous editions of. which uavo uccn cmucij mhuusicu, h. c-v...- has been made to picture present physic have been entirely exhausted, an effort " conditions, as well as the presentation 6 statistics of commerce, and the prospective producing and consuming power of the ! Islands. Their present consuming powe i estimated in round terms at $100030,000, about equally divided between the" products of agriculture and manuractures. The im ports into Cuba in 1892, flrhen normal con ditions of prosperity prevailed, were 52, 101.6S2; those of Puerto Rico, in 1896, $3,655, 57S; those of the Hawaiian islands, In ifciS. $11,650,890; of the Philippines Islands,- in 1896, $2S,815,075. while those df-the Sdmbari islards, in 1895, were ,$418,840-, the ch.et cBmmercial value, of those' Islands being as a harbor ahu port tif. repair, refuge and supplies. The exports of the island! have, in years 6f prosperity, Exceeded considerably their Imports. In 1S92" Cuba's exports were $S3, 018,228, against ?52,101,68 of Imports; those 6f the Hawaiian islandsi In I69S $17,840,741. against $il,650,S90 6f imparts, and those of the Philippines, in 1893, ?33,4S1,4S4, against $2S.815,075 of lmpbFtg Puerto Rico's ex Ports usually about "equaf her imports the density 6f population ft that island requiring large Importations of manufac tures and the agricultural products of the" temper'ate zone. The exportatlons of these" Islands consist chiefly of sugar, tobaccd, eoffee Ironical ffuits, and. In the case of the Philippines, hefhp. Fr6m CUBa the sugar exports, under ntirmai conditions, formed fully four-fifths of the total value Of articles exported. From the xJa-aallan Islands sugar forms probably nine-tenths of the total exportatlons. From the Phil ippines, exports bt sugar and hemp are about eqiiai In Value, togethef forming about four-fifths ot the normal exporta tlons; while from Puerto Rico coffee is the largest item of export, its exportation having been, in 1896, more than three timw as great In value as sugar, and forming considerably more than one-half the total fcxports df the island. Roads Will Increase Production. That the producing capacity of certain of these islands, especially Cuba and the Philippines, may be "greatly Increased by the creation of Improved methods of in ternal communication, cannot be doubted. Of the 35,000 000 acres composing the Island of Cuba, not more than 2,000,000 haye ever been under cultivation. There are 17,000, 000 acres of virgin forest, and 9,000,000 acres of fertile plains which have only served, up to this time, as pastures, and as most of this land is extremely fertile, its producing capabilities, when reached "by roads and railways, are almost beyond present conjecture. Similar conditions ex ist in the Philippine Islands. In the Ha waiian Islands, the sugar-producing area is being greatly increased by the introduc tion of irrigation. The exports of sugar from the Hawaiian Islands, In 1896, 1S97 and 1898, are nearly double those of 1886, 18i7 and 1888. In Puerto Rico the coffec-pro-duclng area may be very materially In creased by the Introduction of roads and facilities for reaching the interior of the Island and transporting its products to the coast, large areas in the mountainous por tions of the Island being capable of pro ducing coffee df high quality so soon as they can be brought under cultivation and their products transported to the seaboard. In Cuba coffee was at one time the prin cipal source of wealth, the value of Its product having reached, during the early part of the century. 'about $20,000,000 in a single year. The Industry was established by the French refugees from Santo Do mingo. After their expulsion the planta tions passed into the h ands of Spaniards and Americans, and it Is estimated that there ere, at one time, six coffee estates to one of sugar, coffee plantations con taining from 500,003 to 1,000,000 trees being in existence in the Island prior to 1S30, when the decline in the price of coffee led to the Introduction of sugar growing. The tobacco-prcduclng area in all of the islands may also be materially increaspd, while the hemp production of the Philippines may be doubled with proper facilities for transportation. The great increase in areas devoted to the production of coffee, especially In Bra zil and Central America, has materially increased the world's product and lowered prices, wh'ch is illustrated by the fact that in the United States the average Import price of coffee has declined from 14 cents per pound, in 1894, to 6.7 cents in 1890. In sugar production similar conditions pro vail. The rapid development of the beet sugar industry has resulted in a m?rktd increase of beet-sugar production, and at low prices, until about two-thirds of the world's sugar supply is now from beets, thus greatly reducing the price of sugar. This reduction is shown by the fact that in the United States the average Import price of sugar has fallen from 5.06 cents, in 1878, to 2.01 cents in 1897. Somewhat similar pondltkins exist with, reference to hemp, which has recently encountered strong competition from sisal and from jute, whose production and use In certain lines of manufacture have been greatly Increased. Thus, while the producing area of these islands may be greatly enlarged, It can scarcely be expected that the prices obtained in earlier years for their prin cipal products will again be realized. Importations From the Islands. All of the principal products of these islands are largely Imported Into the United State's, and seem likely to continue indefinitely among our largest items of importation. Of our total importations of the fiscal year 1899, sugar amounted to $94 -964,120; coffee, $55,275,470; fibers, $20,300,033; fruits and nuts, $18,314,206: crude rubber and tropical products, $31 875,207; raw silk, with which successful experiments have been made in Cuba and in the Philippines, $32,479,627, while numerous other pioducts of the island, Including tea, cabinet woods, gums, indigo and spices, amount to many millions of dollars. The average annual Importation of tropical products into tho United States exceeds $250,000,003, and all, or nearly all, of them may be produced in the islands in question. At present the total imports of these islands amount to about $100,000,000, that of Cuba, in 1892, being $52,101,682; the Philip pines, In 1896, $28,815,075; the Hawaiian isl ands, in 1898, $11,650,800, and Puerto Rico, in 1896, $3,655,578. Their importations are already being stimulated by recent devel opments, as Is shown by the fact that the exports from the United States to the Ha waiian Islands in the fiscal year 1S99 amounted to $9,305,470, against $5,907,153 In 1898. and $4,897,075 in 1S97; to Cuba, $1S,- 616,377 in 1899, against $9,561,6o6 in 1898, and $8,259,776 In 1897, and to Puerto Rico. $2,683. 848 In 1899, against $1,505,946 in 1898, and $1,988,888 In 1897. With increased producing areas and producing power from the In troduction of modern methods of culti vation and preparation of products for the market, the consuming and importing ca pacity may be expected to increase. Consumption of foreign products in these islands is about equally divided between manufactures and agricultural products of the temperate zone. Of the exports" from the United States to Cuba, In 1894, which amounted to $20,125,321, $9,440,953 were agrl eultural products, and of the $18,616,377 ex ported from the United States to Cuba In 1899, $8,799,513 were agricultural products, the principal Items being: Live animals, $2,367,794: breadstuffs. $2,306,172: provisions. Including beef, hog and dairy products, I ,54d,722; while -the" Most ImportanUmantf factures wefe doitoh cldtha, &47,$3S; ma 6hinefy, $434,031; Boots and shoes, $214,944; Saws and ffifilsl, $166,061! cotton goods, other than ctoffis, $1J2,&S0, and nail, $58,555. To Ftferto Ricoy agricultural products formed $1.321,4'S0 of the total of $2,685 848 exported from the United States In 1S99, and aver aging abfiut tne sanSe proportion in earlier years. Spam's" exriottatfofls to" Cuba, Puerto Ri6o ana tne Pfiilipplnei, which, under normal condlflfins grrioufit to about $40,000, 000 annually, were filgfe largely manufac tures', though probably two-fifths of her exp'ofts tfi the islands" wefe agricultural products. 6l hef total exportation to Cuba In 1896, wflldir afn6urited to 135,000,000 pesetas, 50000.000 ifi found terma. were agricultural products. Td'Puerto Rico the proportion was about tfte sarrie INVlf ING PUERTO RICO. Dcllsliifnl Climate Whcr AtrierlCflris Can Thrive. WASHINGTON. Dec 31. Up to the present time, in" spite fif all that has been published on the subject, v.ery little has been known of the agricultural possibili ties of the island of Puertd Rico. Secre tary Wilson, of the agricultural depart ment, has taken ft keen Interest in this subject, and for the sake of securing more and reliable information" along these lines, sent O. F. C6oke, Ot the botany dl visi6n 6i hi department, to Puerto Rico to make drl exaniifiailon of the subject. Secretary Wilson wanted thei Island stud ied with a view to ascertaining, what spe cies and varieties of vegetable life are rf9w fdund there, in order that the depart ment might be able to enter upon the work of securing Others' likely to be of use in improving and extending the agri cultural Industries, ilr. Cook has made a preliminary report to the secretary which shows a number of Interesting facts that have heretofore n6t been generally I known.. . At presaflfc very HttI6 In the" Way ot plant products fe exported from Puerto Rico outside 6f coffee, sugar and tobacco. All other Crops are designated "menores," that is "minors," and" theso being con sidered unworthy of the Serious atten tion of the planters, their cultivation is generally left to the desultory efforts of the p66rest and most Ignorant of the population. As d reSult there has bedn lit tle" attempt at tho improvement, ot vari eties either by selection or by the Intro duction of superior seed. Much ot tho fruit and vegetables sold in the markets b Puerto RicEh cities is of very Inferior quality find quite unsuitable for export. The department will assist the more en terprising farmers, both Americans and Puerto Ricans, in experiments. Which many of them have already undertaken, in order to find out what new crops suit able for our markets can be grown there. As already pointed oiit in. Secretary Wil son's annual report, we fire paying over $200 000.000 for tropical plarit pfodUCts, a large part of which could be furnished by Puerto Rico and the Philippines. In stead, however, of entering npon too many suggestions at once, it Is desirable to settle upon a few of the more promising crops and encourage th& production of these articles on a scale sufficient to give them a recognized place In commerce. For bananas, for Instance, we paid In 1898 over $5,500,000, mostly to Jamaica and Central America. In Puerto Rico the banana has scarcely been considered as" a source Of Income or an article of export. It has been planted principally for shade in the coffee plantations, and as" one variety was as good as another for this purpose, most of the bananas are unsalable. The variety almost exclusively Imported into the United States is not generally culti vated. As the conditions for commercial banana-growing are very favorable, it may be expected that attempts lit thi3 direction will soon be made. It Is neces sary, however, that at least 500 acres bo put under thorough cultivation, for the product of less land can hardly be mar keted to advantage. Unless a company with ample capital will undertake the experiment. It can be made only through an organized effort by the landowners of some favorable locality. The soil and climatic conditions are ex ceedingly diverse, so that it is probable that a wide range of products can be se cured, at least for local consumption. Oranges, limes and other citrus, fruits. European grapes and other semitroplcal fruits and vegetables can be produced in the drier parts of the island, while from tho moister parts vanilla, cacao, mangoes and other more strictly tropical plants can be exported. There are no localities sufficiently hot and humid for the rubber producing plants of the Amazon valley, and those of similar habitat, while the land Is mostly too valuable to warrant Its extensive use for others which might thrive. The potential wealth of the Island may, however, be greatly Increased if rubber trees can be found which can be used for shade or planted on the rocky pinnacles of the foothills, which are now covered with tangled masses of vegeta tion. Some of the African rubber vines may be able to thrive In the latter situa tions. As shade trees some supposedly native rubber-bearing species of FICU3 have already been planted, but the quan tity of gum obtainable is too small to render a. profit for collecting. In the meantime it Is of great' import ance that the existing Industries of Puerto Rico be improved. Sugar lands are re ceiving attention from 'American capital ists, and large factories with the most modern facilities are being built. Coffee has, however, been the chief product ot the island, and is, perhaps, that In which the greatest, expansion Is possible. Over $13,000,000 worth of coffee has been export ed In a single season from Puerto Rico In spite of the fact that methods of cul tivation are of the most primitive character. Instead of seedlings grown In nurseries, those which spring up by chance in the heavily shaded plantations are used. These are already weak anjd spindling; In order to keep them alive heavy shade is necessary, and this" Is con tinued throughout the life of the plant. This, together with the overcrowding and lack of proper care, brings the average crop dpwn to one-third or less of what might be obtained through better meth ods of cultivation. There Is also a. large amount of land suitable for coffee cul ture, but not now planted, so that It is not unreasonable to believe that if this industry were properly developed Puerto Rico might supply at least half of the enormous quantity consumed by the United States, our Imports-In 1898 being valued at over $65 000,000. There are, however, few Americans In terested In coffee-growing, and the capi talists who have canvassed Puerto Rico for profitable investments have been giv ing little attention to the possibilities of coffee, doubtless owing to the depressed condition of the market, the result of overproduction of inferior grades In Bra zil and elsewhere. The superior quality of the Puerto RIcan article has, how ever, long been recognized in the Euro pean market, and there Is every proba bility that an increasingly large amount WHAT WANT Trade Mark Recistered Nov. 24, 180C. OXYDOXOR APPLIED. tory after trial, money will be refunded, retaining $1 er week as rental. R. C. VANDERFORD. Room 411 Commercial block, Portland. Or C. A. Wilson, Wilson Block. Dealer In Groceries, Produce, etc." PHILrPSBURG, Mont.. Jan.. 1S80. I have used tha Oxydonor No. 2 about eight months. I would not be without one. I have been ailing since 1S01. when I had La Grirjpe. and have never been well since, until I us?d t ft Oxydonor. I am much stronger mentally and physically, and. consider It one of tha greatest Inventions of the &ge, The greatest little thing I ever saw. Youra respectfully, C. A. WDLSON. WATCH, YOUR The Most Important Qrgans in the Human Body They Throw Out AH 'Diseaser SWAMP-ROOT CORES" M KIDNEYS Does your back ache? Do you have pains, across your kidneys? Is your complexion chalky, gray, white? Is your skin dry or feverish? Are there puffy bags beneath your eyes? Are your eyes dull, listless and dead looking? Are you. Irritable and hard to please? Do you feel as though you have heart trouble? Do you have to urinate several times In the night? Is there ever a scalding, burn ing sensation there? Do you feel the desire Immediately to urinate again, with no result? Is your urine clouded, thick or milky? Is there any sediment or do particles float In It? Don't neglect these conditions, and If they or any part of them are yours, Swamp-Root, the great kidney remedy, will be found just the medicne you need. Here's a simple test ror the kldnejt, just as certain as though a physician were In personal attendance on your case: Pour some of your "morning" urine In a gsi or bottle "and allow It to stand 21 hours. Then hold it up to the light, and If you find any settlings or sediment, or If It is thick or milky, or If small particles float about In It, don't hesitate for a moment, but write at once to Dr. Kilmer & Co.r mention The Portland Daily Oregonlan. and Immediately begin using the sample of Swamp-Root which you will receive at once, absolutely free by mail. The results will surprise you. Swamp-Root is purely vegetable, pleas ant to take, and Is for sale by druggists everywhere In bottles of two sizes and two prices fifty cents and one dollir. Bear In mind tho name, Swamp-Root, and the address, Binghamton, N; Y. will be required In the United States. The stock now on hand Is being held at hl?h prices, owing to the fact that the visible supply is very small, a result of the Aug ust hurricane. Higher prices in the g n eral market are to be expected, and. whl e It Is Improbable that coffee - growing under the old methods will ever be a3 profitable as formerly, the natural condi tions are favorable for the perpetuation and extension ot the industry on. modem lines. The fact that Puerto Rico contains no large unoccupied areas has led some ob servers to represent the entire Island as thickly populated. In reality this ia by no means the case, and, while a large part of the available land has been at som time under cultivation, there are many districts in which not more, than 10 per cent of it is now in use, except for stock raising, which may properly be called the most popular agricultural Industry at the present time. For men without capital or experience In the Industries of tropical countries there are no openings In Puerto Rico, buC with the improvement of means of trans portation there will be much to encourage the settlement of farmers of sufficient enterprise and Intelligence to carry on diversified farming and profit by the ad vantageous local conditions. Puerto Rico is unique among the West Indies, or, indeed, -among tropical coun tries generally. In the possession of t large white population capable at one of furnishing labor for carrying out loc tl Improvements and of taking part In the progress of advancing civilization. Th explanation Is to be found In the delight ful and salubrious climate, where the Eu ropean can live, work, and thrive. A mo advantageous point of contact with tr tropics could scarcely have been selected. e TROUBLE FOR FARMERS. Jackrabbltn From Eastern Orearon k Invade Willamette Valley. CorvalUs Times. There was a time when no Willamette valley pasture was trod by the foot of the festive jackrabblt- He gnawed the bark from fruit trees, and ate up tho sardena of the farmer bejond the Cascades. Kv led many an ambitious Eastern Oregon dog in a wild and fruitless chase. H- squatted under a sagebush, or loped a's the trackless plain beyond the mountains in splendid freedom, and It was supjjrsei that he was only indigenous to a. dim where there were few rivers and fewe.' trees. But the jackrabblt Is In the Valley. Dur ing the past year or two an occasional straggler was met by a Valley farmer At first the farmer was believed to be mis taken In the Identity of the alleged jack, but moro recently it has become perfectly understood that the jack is- here, and heredn rapidly Increasing numbers. Sur day one was killed by Georga Bowers, Christmas day James Irwin killed- ano:h-. Monday Charles Heckart killed a thlra, and in Ned Smith's pasture found thrpf others piled up, where some other sports man had slain them. The jackrabblt Is prodigious in propaga tion. He is death on gardens and growing fruit trees. If he keeps on coming' he will be as bad a peat as the cucumber bug or the codlln moth. He is a problem that the future will probably have to solve. ' Domestic and Foreign Port. Queenstown. Jan. I. Arrived Pennland, from Philadelphia for Liverpool, and pro ceeded. London, Jan. 4. Arrived Manltou. from New York; Manhattan, from New York. Yokohama, Jan. 4. Sailed Monmouth shire, from Hong Kong for Portland. New York. Jan. 4. Arrived Noordland, from Antwerp. Sailed La Normandie, for Havre; Kaiser Wllhelm der Grosac for Bremen, via Cherbourg and South ampton. Arrived Darmstadt, from Bre men. Rotterdam. Jan. 4. Sailed Amsterdam, for New York. Cole in Conrt. BOSTON, Jan. 4. Charles H. CoTe, ex president of the Globe National bank, who Is charged with misappropriate sr funds of this Institution, arrived in th!.s city tonight from Los Angeles, Cal., it charge of the United States marshal. H- was at once taken before a United StatP; commissioner, waived the reading of the complaint, and pleaded not guilty, anil the case was continued until January IS. BtU was fixed at $50,000, which wa3 furnished, and the prisoner was released. i a Within five years the exports of coffee from the Hawaiian Islands have increased nearly 4u fold. YOU Is Vital Energy. Oxydonor supplies it. It Is not a medicine, neither la it electricity. It Is a. simple inatrumci.. (easily applied) that ccmpela the bov to drlrk In large quantities of pure oxygen, which builds up the aisfm and repairs damaged organisms, gl"1 ing Xature the strength ahe requires to free the body from disease. Oxydonor produces natural sleep strengthens the mind and gives got appetite. Send for our book contain lng hundreds of "Grateful Reports from reliable persons in all parts of the country who hae cured them selves. Tou will be convinced. One Oxydonor will serve an entire family. Large book of Instruct! is with eacn oxydonor. ir not eatisrav-