THE JlOKNIfcv. IlGONIAN, FRIDAY, TANUART 5, 19ti(i.
OEROULEDE IS BANISHED
SENTENCED TO TEX YEARS' EXILE
Br KREXCH HIGH OURT.
-Buffet Meets the Same 'Fate Gnerln
"W'-iUL Be Imprisoned for a Sim
ilar Ten.
PARIS, Jan. 4. The -high court (senate)
La secret cession today condemned H. Buf
let and JJeroulede to I years' banishment,
M. Guefln was sentenced to 10 years con
finement in a fortified place. Marquis de
Lur Saluces -was sentenced to 10 years'
aanishment. The marquis, -who is a well
known royalist, ani formerly a member
of the chamber of deputies, was convicted
.n default of appearance. His where
abouts is unknown, but It is believed that
-he Is outside of French territory.
Today's declsloTS condemn the convicted
men to pay the costs or the prosecution.
The sentences take effect Immediately.
Guerin will be. removed to a French
fortress, probacy on the island of Oleron,
off the west coast. MM. Buffet and De
roulede left Paris by the Northern rail
road. JATAM3SB DIET.
Opposition Charges the Premier and
4JL Home MiulKter With Corruption.
YOKOHAMA, Dec 1C, via "Victoria, B.
C, Jan. 4. The memorial to the thron
brought into the diet this week by the
opposition is practically an impeachment
of Premier Marquis Yamagata and Home
3teaster Marquis Seigo for corrupt prac--tres
The specifications allege undue In
fluence used by the government in the re
c cut elections, and the granting of a char
"cr in the great municipal improvement
sc heme as a direct bribe for securing the
massage of the government bill. As the
-ndictment is made by a party which Is
'tself by no means untainted with cor
ruption and is in a hopeless minority,
swift defeat will be the fate of the meas-
The hill -for the regulation of religious
organizations excites much comment he
cause Of 4ts absolute fairness and im
iartlaHt3v Christianity is no longer mere
ly tolerated, hut receives recognition. All
religious property is exempt from taxa
tion and religious teachers from con
scrlpflSon. The -whole Buddhist sects show
am unexpectedly liberal spirit, and are
practically united in giving support o
vhe measure
The plague at Kobe is announced to be
isospressed, and the special commission
for ts treatment has been withdrawn.
The gleaning committees in all large
towns -Jll, however, be kept In service
for a lont time to come, to prevent the
recurrence af the scourge.
The feellngof sympathy and depression
-among Anglo-Saxon residents over Brit
ish reverses In South Africa is very
strong, and is largely shared by Japanese,
-whose sentiments are strongly pro-British.
The excitement in the foreign commun
ity over the Kent case still continues.
'The opinion is freely expressed that a
reversal of Judgment on appeal will by
mo means allay the sense of insecurity
which "has been aroused by it. Nothing
"nut the removal of the judge will restore
confldence.
CHINESE AXD FRENCH FOUGHT.
'Small Enerasremcnt Near the Tonquin
Border.
VICTORIA, B, a. Jan. 4. News has
reached Canton that a battle occurred be
tween natives near Wangchauan and the
French forces stationed there. It Is said
that the Chinese routed the French and
pursued them for some distance. The
FVeneh loss was SO Mlled. The Chinese
l&sses are not stated. The battle occurred
xhe iota ana 11th of last month. On hear
ing of the affair the viceroy dispatched
ithree gunboats with 1000 soldiers to restore
order. The viceroy also wired the tsung-H-yamen
asking what steps are to be
taken, as he Is quite unable to 'carry out
the delimitation to the satisfaction of the
Trench. The news was brought by the
Queen Adelaide, which reached here to
tdajv A dispatch from Seoul, dated December
12, to the Nlcnl Nichl, of Japan, says the
protest of the Russian minister against
the land purchase at Masampo, made by
Japanese, was rejected by the Corean gov
ernment, and the land has consequently
htcnsie the property' of the Japanese.
.Missionary Killed ly Chinese.
PEKING, Jan. 4. The Bev. Mr. Brooks,
of the; Church Missionary Society, sta
tioned at Ping Yin, in the province of
Shan Tung, was eaptured in the vicin
ity and murdered December 3 by members
of a seditious gang called "boxers," who
have been active lately in destroying many
Ullage and killing native Christians. The
governor of the province has dispatched
a force of cavalry to the scene of the dis
turbances, but the sdldlers. arrived too late
to save Mr. Brooks.
Rio Mara Wreelced.
VICTORIA B. C, Jan. 4. The steamer
Queen Adelaide -brings news that the
steamer Rlq Maru was wrecked bff Omi
capf. She struck a submerged rock, and
soon afterward foundered.
An Englishman named Richmond has
been murdered in Chemulpo.
The Earthquakes in Tiflis.
TD7LIS, Russian Caucasia, Jan. 4. Al
together 13 villages in the Achalalalc dis
trict f this government have experienced
.earthquake- shocks. Six of these places
ha e "been, completely destroyed, and 800
dead bodies have already been recovered.
REFORM IN TEACHING.
rofesfco'r "Hadley Talks o
Work of Yale University.
the
CHICAGO, Jan. 4. "By the time of the
Yale' bl-centennlal in 1901, I believe we
.ehall seeNsuch a reform in the teaching
work in fhe university as will bring all
the undergraduate departments into har
mony and adapt the college work both to
ihe ch,ools below it and the world life
After it. I believe that there will be a
progress in the course of study which
shall makts the result of the education
they slve the advance of the student
really and truly not only toward citizen
ship, "but toward "the particular kind of
citizenship which he needs to exercise."
This was the way President Arthur T.
Hadley, of Yale university, characterized
the present lines of development In his in
stitution in an after-dinnex speech which
he made last evening at the dinner given
in his honor by the Chicago Yale'Assocla
tion at the University Club. .Mr. Hadley
had spoken regretfully of some features
of the educational work of Yale in the
past.
"I regret," he said, "that progress in
matters of instruction has not been what
it should have been. There has been a
lack of progress, of co-ordination and of
the adaptation of the studies to the condi
tions of American life. There is a strong
feeling now that the faculties must use
brains in the reform of the courses of
instruction, and put the work into co
herence with Itself and with outside life."
Then he made the prediction which has
betn quoted, and continued:
"I do not have great sympathy with the
view hat the college course should be a
prtparatlon of students for the profes
sional or business life. I hold rather that
it should co-operate with the store and
office life that is to follow and teach
these things which would not be learned
in the store or office, so as to make a
nun big enough to see things outside his
prifesslonal rut. I would have it give the
graduate a larger Knowledge of life, so
thit when the chance for progress comes
-UAM.T1 Vm .-I... , 4a fnVA 4V.A l.tn.4 . I. n I
,UU T , i . . guese fleet south. He discovered Natal on
r. Badiey spoke also of some of the Christmas day, and thus named It la con
materia, improvements which Yale is aim- J sequence.
Ing at for the celebration of the 200th
anniversary of its foundation, January 10,
next His present trip, which includes
many of the largest cities of the "West,
is made largely with the view of stirring
up Tale loyalty to aid In the work, and
he gave many expressions of his appre
ciation to the alumni for the Interest they
had shown In their alma mater. He told
of the new buildings which are to be
erected as jsoon as the funds are ready,
Including an auditorium, a memorial ves
tibule, a dlning-hall and administration
buildings. Then, speaking of the finances,
he said:
"If Princeton, at the end of a century
and a half of history, could raise from its
alumni a memorial fund of $1,500,000, I
figure that Yale at the end of two cen
turies can raise $2,000,000."
a
THEY ARE TO BLAME.
Anti-Imperialists Are Partly Respon
sible for Lawton's Death.
New York Tribune.
To the Editor of the Tribune:
Sir: In "General Lawton's "Epitaph" (De
cember 24) jou charge the. antl-lmperlallsts
with the responsibility for his most lamentable
death.
Dare you assert that there was any vlld
reason why under the treaty with Spain the
Filipinos should not have been gien equal po
litical rights with the Cabana? '
Dare you assert that if that had been done
our country would not have been spared th
war that has coat it the lHea of General Law
ton, and of. too, too many of our fellow 'coun
trymen? Dare you deny that President McKlnley Is
officially and morally responsible for that war,
and consequently for the deaths of our -fellow
countrymen?
Dare you publish this letter?
FRANCIS E. WOODRUFF.
Morrlstown, N. J.. Dec 24, 3S00.
We dare although it Is not agreeable to
deal, on a subject of such gravity, with
a correspondent who swaggers Into the
arena in the manner of a Bowery "tough."
"We dare charge the so-called anti-imperialists,
who have frantically antago
nized the "United States government's pol
icy In the Philippines, with a share of the
responsibility for General Lawton's death.
"We charge It on the authority of General
Lawton himself. In a letter written shortly
before his death, and quoted In the article
to which our correspondent takes excep
tion. General Lawton said: "If I am shot
by a Filipino bullet It might as well come
from one of my own men, because I
know from observations confirmed by cap
tured prisoners that the continuance of
fighting is chiefly due to reports that are
sent out from America." It Is not we who
say that. It is Lawton-s voice from tho
grave telling the faultfinders, who for
months have been misrepresenting a re
mark credited to him about "this accursed
war" and trying to -use him as a club
against the administration, that he dies
from their blows. Does Mr. "Woodruff dare
Btand by Lawton's coflin and proclaim
that the critic safe In Morrlstown, N. J.,
knew more of what was right in dealing
with the Filipinos than the intrepid hero
who went to his death In Luzon, almost
with his last breath avowing his belief In
the justice of our campaign?
We dare assert that there were valid rea
sons for treating the Philippines differently
from Cuba. The United States was re
sponsible to the world for those Islands,
and could not wisely bind Itself to recog
nize and protect as their government a
body of men whose performances as civil
ized rulers could not "be forecast, and
whose ability to maintain themselves in
local authority without unending civil wars
was not evident. Even In Cuba It has
needed, so far, to keep absolute author
ity in its own hands, jvet as It was doing
In the Philippines, pending full light on
the problems there presented, when the
Tagals attacked our troops without waiting
to know what this government could do
for them.
We dare afllrm that the president was
not responsible for the Insurrection, and
that he could not, under the treaty, make
any promise such as the Cubans had, which
would have averted hostilities. He did not
make the promise to the Cubans. Con
gress made It. He carried on war under
Its orders, and as a result acquired sov
ereignty of the Philippines for the United
States. He had no power to announce any
disposition of that territory. He could
only take It or leave it for Spain t6 fight
with Agulnaldo about, or sell to some ctner
country. The Impartient Filipinos, who
could not be induced to make any reason
able statement of their hopes or concede
any authority In return for the protection
which they frankly said they wanted, be
gan hostilities while the United States,
with the best of good will toward them. 1
was trying to learn their needs and what
sort of a government would suit them.
We dare assert that the course of the
United States In dealing with the insur
rection is one which no American need
be ashamed of, and In witness we again
quote from Lawton's death message:
I would to Gofl that the truth of this whole
Philippine situation could be known by every
one in America ns I know It. If the real his
tory, inspiration and conditions of this Insur
rection, and the influences, local and external,
that now encourage the enemy, as well as the
actual possibilities of thcee islands and peo
ples and their relations to this great East, could
be understood at home, we would hear no more
talk of unjust "shooting' of government" Into
the Filipinos or hauling down our flag In the
Philippines. If the so-called anti-lmperlallsts
would honestly tocertain the truth on the
ground, and not In distant America, they,
whom I believe to be honest men misinformed,
would be convinced of the error of their state
ments and conclusions and of the unfortunate
effect of their publications here.
Perhaps the gentleman in Morrlstown, N.
J., knows more about "unjust shooting of
government into the Filipinos" than the
general whom he laments, but we doubt It.
When the news of Lawton's death first
camethe "anrti-Imperialists" were gulck to
picture him an unwilling martyr to tho
"usurpations" of the president. One pa
per declared that "his abhorrence of the
war In which professional duty called him
to engage in the Philippines was moro
than once expressed in -vigorous terms, ana
If a moment of consciousness was left
him after being struck by the fatal bullet
It must have been embittered by the
thought that he fell In what he last sum
mer called 'this accursed war' accursed
because needless and Ignominious." An
other declared that his death drove Into the
public conscience "the folly of Mr. McKin
ley"s war In the Philippines." We regret
not to. have seen either correct Its mis
representations in the light of Lawton's
own expressions. But we do not wonder.
They described the administration as his
murderer, and they could not comment on
his letter without noting that he himself
declared In his dying statement that they
were the workers of his death. So they
keep -silence. Our Morrlstown correspond
ent evidently absorbs their passion but not
their discretion. He has read Lawton's
letter and takes us to task as If It origi
nated with us. Has It not occurred to him
Instead to "dare" his friends to square
their whining over Lawton with Lawton's
accusation against themselves?
o
A Ncv Motive Power.
Indianapolis News.
While one group of Inventors Is at work
on liquid air as a motive power, with a
lemperaiure enormously below zero, an
other makes a claim of remarkable merits
for superheated water In light and heavy
transportation. The water Is heated In up
right steel tubes to 150 deg. above the
temperature of steam in a locomotive.
When released Into an engine It expands
nearly 1000 times and performs the ser
vices required of a storage power.
1 n
Named for Christmas.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
South Africa was discovered hv th
Portuguese, who were searching for nn
t ocean road to India. Bartholomew Diaz
was the commander of the two little ships
inai wraiea me expeaiuon in i486. Eleven
rADrc lflfor T.o noma rkb mmmUmm t..&
- vyv auuuicl JTOTIU-
OF DEPOSIT CURRENCY
INTEREST OF THE FARMER tX THB
BANKING QU&STlONi
Difference Between tne Dematttlb b&
Country Banks and on City Banks
Necessary I3xpensesi
NEW YORK, Jan. 1 $ wo recent num
bers of Sound Currency fey L. Carroll
Root, secretary -of the Reform Club's
sound currency eommitteej ana formerly
assistant to the Indianap8lls nionetafy
commission, deal With tlte banking qUesi
tlon from a semfcwnat new. But very M
nortant. noiht of view. The first Is en
titled "Deposit Currency." In it tlife author
shows how bank deposits subject to check
Ai,U)iif. U ,iu it w vkcZ it un
rnASSSSy&SLS!
strates conclusively that these deposits afe
bank currency Just as truly as-bank notes.
are, the ttvo being only different forms
which bank credit takes, and being simi
larly created la the operation Of discount
ting the notes of the bank's Customers,
and both performing all the Gfilees of cur
rency where used. Mr. Root shdws what
are some of the considerations which have
ceptable for use. In country districts and )
at the same time have resulted ih a de
cided preference for the bank deposit as
tho main currency for use In the cltie3
and the distinctly commercial commUnI'
ties.
In the second pamphlet, entitled "The
THP LATE DR.
PROMINENT DENTIST AND
Farmer's Interest In the Banking Ques
tion," the author develops this point fur
ther, and shows how, because of It, the
restrictions which our laws have placed
upon the issue of bank notes in excess of
those put upon the use of deposits amount
to a practical discrimination against the
use of bank notes and' In favor of those
whose currency is deposits, and is thus a
discrimination against the country in fa
vor of the city.
The most important of these restrictions
are the special taxation of bank notes
and the requirement for Investment in
United States bonds to be deposited as se
curity for their use. Because of these re-
wnose habits ;nd convenlence require
those forms of eurrenev (that Is hv thn
farmers and the population of our agrl-
cultural sections generally) has been made
expensive, while the commercial and flnan- t
cial classes, -who do not care to make use !
of notes, but whose business Is best and
most conveniently done with deposits, have
been left free to use their own particular
form of currency without restrictions or
burdens. This naturaMy and necessarily
produces higher rates of interest In coun
try districts, as the author shows by a
series of concrete illustrations. He takes,
for example, a typical city bank of $100,000
capital, with '5150,000 of deposits. Its con
dition would be represented by the follow
ing balance sheet:
Assets
Loans and discounts $212,500
Cash reserve (25 per cent) 37,500
Total $250,000
Liabilities
Capital $100,000
Deposits 150,000
Total $250,000
With $5000 expenses, this bank could earn
a 6 pet cent dividend upon Its capital if
its loans were made at an average rate
of 5.18 per cent.
Contrast with this the situation of. a
typical country bank under the existing
system. In order to furnish its currency
in the form needed by Its customers, a
large part of It must be In the shape of
bank notes; Instead of all deposits, as In
the city. Take, as before, a bank of. $100,
000 capital, with $150,000 demand liabilities
$90,000" of which are notes and $0,000 de
posits. It Is necessary under the present
system that the bank should buy $100,000
of United States bonds, to be deposited
with the treasurer at Washington. These
at present prices would cost about $112,500.
This will leave the bank, after keeping
out a cash reserye of $37,500 as before,
only $100,000 for genera loans and dis
counts. Its condition will be as represent
ed by the following balance sheet:
Assets
United States bonds $112,500
Loans and discounts 100 000
Cash reserve (25 per cent) 37,500
Total
Liabilities
Capital Deposits .'.
Circulating notes
Total
..$250,000
..$100,000
.. 60,000
.. 90,000
$250,000
To the same expenses as are borne by
the city bank must be added $900 for tax
on circulation. A 6 per cent dividend
would take $6000 as before. The bank's
total income must therefore be $11,900 in
order to make possible a6 per cent divi
dend upon the capital stock. Now the net
return upon the $112,500 Invested In United
States bonds Is only 2 per cent. The
total net income on the $112,500 thus in
vested is, therefore, only $2,531 25. In or
der to make the total income up to $11,900,
the loans and discounts must produce
$9358 75 which requires that they should
be made at an average rate of about 9.4
per cent
This is the reason, as the author shows,
why rates of interest are so high in our
agricultural sections. More money can
be made by starting a bank in a city and
lending at 5 per cent, where the form ot
currency desired (deposits) is untaxed and
unburdened, than. can be made by lend
ing at 9 per cent in a country district,
where a considerable portion of the cur
rency must take the form of notes, the
Issue of which Is so severely burdened.
Until those burdens, aro rempYed ateg oj
Interest must remain much higher In the
j country than in the city.
Another common-sense view of the ques
tion is as follows:- The city bank fs left
free to lend Its entire $212,500 to local bor
rowers. The country bank, In the typical
case mentioned, is" required at the outset
id withdraw $112,500 for Investment in
bonds at' 2 per cent interest. This re
duces the portion to lend to local "borrow
ers to $10,000. And It "stands to reason"
that If so large a part Is required to be
'IhVeStgd In- a special form" at af rate of
interest much Below the normal icommer
clal rate, the part lent at home must bo
lent at a rate enough above the normal
rale to make up for what the bond In
vestment falls below It
How different the situation if the Issue
of notes, -within reasonable limitations,
were no more restricted and no more
heavily burdened than the' use of de
pBsIts! Then the discrimination between
city and country would disappear, and
the rural commirsity which preferred its
currency in thfc form of notes would be at
uurrwicy m uic iu.ih oi notes wouia peui
nD disadvantage as compared with the
Commercial community: the country bank
would then be in a position to make loans
on as favorable terms' as the city bank,
and the average lending rate required
ed to
earn a 6 per cent dividend in the typical
case mentiqned would fall from 9.4 to
5.1S per cent
PRICES UNTOUCHED.
Half of the 190b Iron Ontput Already
Sold tthd Market -Finn.
CLEVELAND, JahT 4. The .iron Trade"
Review says!
With B0 per Cent of the pigirdn pro-
0. O. ROGERS.
SCIENTIST OP FOREST GROVE.
duction of 1900 sold in advance, though
not all of this for shipment in the first J
six momns, it is not to oe expected that
any sensational market turns will be en
countered for weeks, if at all. The sig
nificance today is that the sensational
crash In Wall street and the dullness of
holiday time have left pgiron prices thus
.far untouched. '
Against the fact that production has
overtaken demand, sellers of iron point
to the general urgency with which deliver
ies are called for and the further fact
that a good many important consumers
who began in November to wait for prices
to decline have yet to buy for a round
percentage of their requirements in the
next six montns. in some cases tne test
wI11 De made on the advance in iron and
steel freights, effective January 1, whether
buyer or seller shall stand them on the
nex purchases made. Bessemer pig re
mains at $25, Pittsburg, and is Very firm
In view of a slight curtailment of opera
tion due to the recent interruption of ore
movement from the docks. Foundry irons
are unchanged In all markets.
Jn steel billets the indications are that
while the mills are not so well filled with
orders as are the blast furnaces, the ex
pectations of buyers who have been wait
ing for a decline will be disappointed for
the present at least. Bessemer steel ca
pacity has not increased in the year, apart
from the completion of a new plant in
the Wheeling district and with rail mills
so .heavily sold for, 1900 they will not be
heard from in the billet market. All
lines of finished material are quiet, with
prices for plates a trifle easier, bars strong
and sheets stationary. ,
Structural mills are well occupied and
the prospect of spring work is counted
excellent, if money conditions do not
change unexpectedly for the worse. The
returns show that the amount of Iron ore
received in the past season of naviga
tion at Lake Erie ports was 15,222,187 gross
tons, an increase of 38 per cent over 1S98.
o
THE DAY'S RACES.
Yestcrdny's Winners at Tanforan and
New Orleans.
SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 4. The weather
at Tanforan Park was fine, and the track
heavy. The results were:
One mild, selling Bishop Heed won, Cy
ril second, Red Pirate third; time, 1:42.
Mile and an eighth, selling Imperious
won, Meadowthorpe second, Glengaber
third; time, 1:55M.
One mile, selling Geyser won, Advance
Guard second, Bogus Bill third; time,
1:42.
Mile and a sixteenth, Baden stakes,
value $1200 Timemaker won. Potente sec
ond, Zoroaster third; time, 1:49.
Six furlongs, selling Thomas Carey won,
San Augustine second, Modwena third;
time. 1:15.
Seven furlongs San Venado won, Hard
Knot second, Lady Meddlesome third?
time, 1:28.
Races nt New Orleans.
NEW ORLEANS, Jan, 4. Barataria and
St. Wood were the only winning favor
ites today. The track was fast. The re
sults were:
Six furlongs Wiggins won, Dlggs sec
ond, Cotton Plant third; time, 1:15.
One mile Phallas won, Ben Chance sec
ond, Chlckamauga third; time, 1:44.
Mile and a sixteenth Barataria won,
Jim Conway second, Traveller third; time,
1:51.
Seven furlongs, handicap St. Wood
won, Laureate second, Debrlde third;
time, 1:28.
Six furlongs Algaretta won. Belle of
Memphis second, BennevUle .third; time,
1:13.
p
Michigan Town Bnrningr.
MUSKEGON, Mich., Jan. 4. At 10:15
P. 34. It was reported here that the town
of Mears is being destroyed by fire. The
fire started in the business district about
9 o'clock, and had burned six business
bulldftigs,
WILL ENLARGE OUR TRADE
COMMERCE OF CUBA, PUERTO RICO
AND THB PACIFIC ISLAND'S.
Insular Production Capable o Gresli
Increase Effect of Annexation dfi
Prices of Tropical Product:
WASHINGTON, Jan. 4. Cuba, Puerto"
Rico, the Hawaiian, Philippine and Sa
moan Islands; their commerce, conditions
and producing and consuming power, is
the subject of a monograph just issued by
the treasury bureau of statlst.es In re
sponse to the renewed demand for infor
mation regarding those islands. In this
volume, two previous editions of. which
uavo uccn cmucij mhuusicu, h. c-v...-
has been made to picture present physic
have been entirely exhausted, an effort
" conditions, as well as the presentation 6
statistics of commerce, and the prospective
producing and consuming power of the
! Islands. Their present consuming powe i
estimated in round terms at $100030,000,
about equally divided between the" products
of agriculture and manuractures. The im
ports into Cuba in 1892, flrhen normal con
ditions of prosperity prevailed, were 52,
101.6S2; those of Puerto Rico, in 1896, $3,655,
57S; those of the Hawaiian islands, In ifciS.
$11,650,890; of the Philippines Islands,- in
1896, $2S,815,075. while those df-the Sdmbari
islards, in 1895, were ,$418,840-, the ch.et
cBmmercial value, of those' Islands being
as a harbor ahu port tif. repair, refuge
and supplies.
The exports of the island! have, in years
6f prosperity, Exceeded considerably their
Imports. In 1S92" Cuba's exports were $S3,
018,228, against ?52,101,68 of Imports; those
6f the Hawaiian islandsi In I69S $17,840,741.
against $il,650,S90 6f imparts, and those of
the Philippines, in 1893, ?33,4S1,4S4, against
$2S.815,075 of lmpbFtg Puerto Rico's ex
Ports usually about "equaf her imports
the density 6f population ft that island
requiring large Importations of manufac
tures and the agricultural products of the"
temper'ate zone. The exportatlons of these"
Islands consist chiefly of sugar, tobaccd,
eoffee Ironical ffuits, and. In the case
of the Philippines, hefhp. Fr6m CUBa the
sugar exports, under ntirmai conditions,
formed fully four-fifths of the total value
Of articles exported. From the xJa-aallan
Islands sugar forms probably nine-tenths
of the total exportatlons. From the Phil
ippines, exports bt sugar and hemp are
about eqiiai In Value, togethef forming
about four-fifths ot the normal exporta
tlons; while from Puerto Rico coffee is
the largest item of export, its exportation
having been, in 1896, more than three timw
as great In value as sugar, and forming
considerably more than one-half the total
fcxports df the island.
Roads Will Increase Production.
That the producing capacity of certain
of these islands, especially Cuba and the
Philippines, may be "greatly Increased by
the creation of Improved methods of in
ternal communication, cannot be doubted.
Of the 35,000 000 acres composing the Island
of Cuba, not more than 2,000,000 haye ever
been under cultivation. There are 17,000,
000 acres of virgin forest, and 9,000,000 acres
of fertile plains which have only served,
up to this time, as pastures, and as most
of this land is extremely fertile, its
producing capabilities, when reached "by
roads and railways, are almost beyond
present conjecture. Similar conditions ex
ist in the Philippine Islands. In the Ha
waiian Islands, the sugar-producing area
is being greatly increased by the introduc
tion of irrigation. The exports of sugar
from the Hawaiian Islands, In 1896, 1S97 and
1898, are nearly double those of 1886, 18i7
and 1888. In Puerto Rico the coffec-pro-duclng
area may be very materially In
creased by the Introduction of roads and
facilities for reaching the interior of the
Island and transporting its products to the
coast, large areas in the mountainous por
tions of the Island being capable of pro
ducing coffee df high quality so soon as
they can be brought under cultivation and
their products transported to the seaboard.
In Cuba coffee was at one time the prin
cipal source of wealth, the value of Its
product having reached, during the early
part of the century. 'about $20,000,000 in a
single year. The Industry was established
by the French refugees from Santo Do
mingo. After their expulsion the planta
tions passed into the h ands of Spaniards
and Americans, and it Is estimated that
there ere, at one time, six coffee estates
to one of sugar, coffee plantations con
taining from 500,003 to 1,000,000 trees being
in existence in the Island prior to 1S30, when
the decline in the price of coffee led to
the Introduction of sugar growing. The
tobacco-prcduclng area in all of the islands
may also be materially increaspd, while
the hemp production of the Philippines
may be doubled with proper facilities for
transportation.
The great increase in areas devoted to
the production of coffee, especially In Bra
zil and Central America, has materially
increased the world's product and lowered
prices, wh'ch is illustrated by the fact that
in the United States the average Import
price of coffee has declined from 14 cents
per pound, in 1894, to 6.7 cents in 1890. In
sugar production similar conditions pro
vail. The rapid development of the beet
sugar industry has resulted in a m?rktd
increase of beet-sugar production, and at
low prices, until about two-thirds of the
world's sugar supply is now from beets,
thus greatly reducing the price of sugar.
This reduction is shown by the fact that
in the United States the average Import
price of sugar has fallen from 5.06 cents,
in 1878, to 2.01 cents in 1897. Somewhat
similar pondltkins exist with, reference
to hemp, which has recently encountered
strong competition from sisal and from
jute, whose production and use In certain
lines of manufacture have been greatly
Increased. Thus, while the producing area
of these islands may be greatly enlarged,
It can scarcely be expected that the prices
obtained in earlier years for their prin
cipal products will again be realized.
Importations From the Islands.
All of the principal products of these
islands are largely Imported Into the
United State's, and seem likely to continue
indefinitely among our largest items of
importation. Of our total importations of
the fiscal year 1899, sugar amounted to $94 -964,120;
coffee, $55,275,470; fibers, $20,300,033;
fruits and nuts, $18,314,206: crude rubber
and tropical products, $31 875,207; raw silk,
with which successful experiments have
been made in Cuba and in the Philippines,
$32,479,627, while numerous other pioducts
of the island, Including tea, cabinet woods,
gums, indigo and spices, amount to many
millions of dollars. The average annual
Importation of tropical products into tho
United States exceeds $250,000,003, and all,
or nearly all, of them may be produced
in the islands in question.
At present the total imports of these
islands amount to about $100,000,000, that of
Cuba, in 1892, being $52,101,682; the Philip
pines, In 1896, $28,815,075; the Hawaiian isl
ands, in 1898, $11,650,800, and Puerto Rico,
in 1896, $3,655,578. Their importations are
already being stimulated by recent devel
opments, as Is shown by the fact that the
exports from the United States to the Ha
waiian Islands in the fiscal year 1S99
amounted to $9,305,470, against $5,907,153 In
1898. and $4,897,075 in 1S97; to Cuba, $1S,-
616,377 in 1899, against $9,561,6o6 in 1898, and
$8,259,776 In 1897, and to Puerto Rico. $2,683.
848 In 1899, against $1,505,946 in 1898, and
$1,988,888 In 1897. With increased producing
areas and producing power from the In
troduction of modern methods of culti
vation and preparation of products for the
market, the consuming and importing ca
pacity may be expected to increase.
Consumption of foreign products in these
islands is about equally divided between
manufactures and agricultural products of
the temperate zone. Of the exports" from
the United States to Cuba, In 1894, which
amounted to $20,125,321, $9,440,953 were agrl
eultural products, and of the $18,616,377 ex
ported from the United States to Cuba In
1899, $8,799,513 were agricultural products,
the principal Items being: Live animals,
$2,367,794: breadstuffs. $2,306,172: provisions.
Including beef, hog and dairy products, I
,54d,722; while -the" Most ImportanUmantf
factures wefe doitoh cldtha, &47,$3S; ma
6hinefy, $434,031; Boots and shoes, $214,944;
Saws and ffifilsl, $166,061! cotton goods, other
than ctoffis, $1J2,&S0, and nail, $58,555. To
Ftferto Ricoy agricultural products formed
$1.321,4'S0 of the total of $2,685 848 exported
from the United States In 1S99, and aver
aging abfiut tne sanSe proportion in earlier
years.
Spam's" exriottatfofls to" Cuba, Puerto
Ri6o ana tne Pfiilipplnei, which, under
normal condlflfins grrioufit to about $40,000,
000 annually, were filgfe largely manufac
tures', though probably two-fifths of her
exp'ofts tfi the islands" wefe agricultural
products. 6l hef total exportation to
Cuba In 1896, wflldir afn6urited to 135,000,000
pesetas, 50000.000 ifi found terma. were
agricultural products. Td'Puerto Rico the
proportion was about tfte sarrie
INVlf ING PUERTO RICO.
Dcllsliifnl Climate Whcr AtrierlCflris
Can Thrive.
WASHINGTON. Dec 31. Up to the
present time, in" spite fif all that has been
published on the subject, v.ery little has
been known of the agricultural possibili
ties of the island of Puertd Rico. Secre
tary Wilson, of the agricultural depart
ment, has taken ft keen Interest in this
subject, and for the sake of securing
more and reliable information" along these
lines, sent O. F. C6oke, Ot the botany dl
visi6n 6i hi department, to Puerto Rico
to make drl exaniifiailon of the subject.
Secretary Wilson wanted thei Island stud
ied with a view to ascertaining, what spe
cies and varieties of vegetable life are
rf9w fdund there, in order that the depart
ment might be able to enter upon the
work of securing Others' likely to be of
use in improving and extending the agri
cultural Industries, ilr. Cook has made
a preliminary report to the secretary
which shows a number of Interesting facts
that have heretofore n6t been generally
I known.. .
At presaflfc very HttI6 In the" Way ot plant
products fe exported from Puerto Rico
outside 6f coffee, sugar and tobacco. All
other Crops are designated "menores,"
that is "minors," and" theso being con
sidered unworthy of the Serious atten
tion of the planters, their cultivation is
generally left to the desultory efforts of
the p66rest and most Ignorant of the
population. As d reSult there has bedn lit
tle" attempt at tho improvement, ot vari
eties either by selection or by the Intro
duction of superior seed. Much ot tho
fruit and vegetables sold in the markets
b Puerto RicEh cities is of very Inferior
quality find quite unsuitable for export.
The department will assist the more en
terprising farmers, both Americans and
Puerto Ricans, in experiments. Which
many of them have already undertaken,
in order to find out what new crops suit
able for our markets can be grown there.
As already pointed oiit in. Secretary Wil
son's annual report, we fire paying over
$200 000.000 for tropical plarit pfodUCts, a
large part of which could be furnished
by Puerto Rico and the Philippines. In
stead, however, of entering npon too many
suggestions at once, it Is desirable to
settle upon a few of the more promising
crops and encourage th& production of
these articles on a scale sufficient to give
them a recognized place In commerce. For
bananas, for Instance, we paid In 1898 over
$5,500,000, mostly to Jamaica and Central
America. In Puerto Rico the banana
has scarcely been considered as" a source
Of Income or an article of export. It has
been planted principally for shade in
the coffee plantations, and as" one variety
was as good as another for this purpose,
most of the bananas are unsalable. The
variety almost exclusively Imported into
the United States is not generally culti
vated. As the conditions for commercial
banana-growing are very favorable, it
may be expected that attempts lit thi3
direction will soon be made. It Is neces
sary, however, that at least 500 acres bo
put under thorough cultivation, for the
product of less land can hardly be mar
keted to advantage. Unless a company
with ample capital will undertake the
experiment. It can be made only through
an organized effort by the landowners of
some favorable locality.
The soil and climatic conditions are ex
ceedingly diverse, so that it is probable
that a wide range of products can be se
cured, at least for local consumption.
Oranges, limes and other citrus, fruits.
European grapes and other semitroplcal
fruits and vegetables can be produced in
the drier parts of the island, while from
tho moister parts vanilla, cacao, mangoes
and other more strictly tropical plants
can be exported. There are no localities
sufficiently hot and humid for the rubber
producing plants of the Amazon valley,
and those of similar habitat, while the
land Is mostly too valuable to warrant
Its extensive use for others which might
thrive. The potential wealth of the Island
may, however, be greatly Increased if
rubber trees can be found which can be
used for shade or planted on the rocky
pinnacles of the foothills, which are now
covered with tangled masses of vegeta
tion. Some of the African rubber vines
may be able to thrive In the latter situa
tions. As shade trees some supposedly
native rubber-bearing species of FICU3
have already been planted, but the quan
tity of gum obtainable is too small to
render a. profit for collecting.
In the meantime it Is of great' import
ance that the existing Industries of Puerto
Rico be improved. Sugar lands are re
ceiving attention from 'American capital
ists, and large factories with the most
modern facilities are being built. Coffee
has, however, been the chief product ot
the island, and is, perhaps, that In which
the greatest, expansion Is possible. Over
$13,000,000 worth of coffee has been export
ed In a single season from Puerto Rico
In spite of the fact that methods of cul
tivation are of the most primitive
character. Instead of seedlings grown
In nurseries, those which spring up by
chance in the heavily shaded plantations
are used. These are already weak anjd
spindling; In order to keep them alive
heavy shade is necessary, and this" Is con
tinued throughout the life of the plant.
This, together with the overcrowding and
lack of proper care, brings the average
crop dpwn to one-third or less of what
might be obtained through better meth
ods of cultivation. There Is also a. large
amount of land suitable for coffee cul
ture, but not now planted, so that It is
not unreasonable to believe that if this
industry were properly developed Puerto
Rico might supply at least half of the
enormous quantity consumed by the
United States, our Imports-In 1898 being
valued at over $65 000,000.
There are, however, few Americans In
terested In coffee-growing, and the capi
talists who have canvassed Puerto Rico
for profitable investments have been giv
ing little attention to the possibilities of
coffee, doubtless owing to the depressed
condition of the market, the result of
overproduction of inferior grades In Bra
zil and elsewhere. The superior quality
of the Puerto RIcan article has, how
ever, long been recognized in the Euro
pean market, and there Is every proba
bility that an increasingly large amount
WHAT
WANT
Trade Mark
Recistered
Nov. 24, 180C.
OXYDOXOR APPLIED.
tory after trial, money will be refunded, retaining $1 er week as rental.
R. C. VANDERFORD. Room 411 Commercial block, Portland. Or
C. A. Wilson, Wilson Block. Dealer In Groceries, Produce, etc."
PHILrPSBURG, Mont.. Jan.. 1S80.
I have used tha Oxydonor No. 2 about eight months. I would not be without one. I have
been ailing since 1S01. when I had La Grirjpe. and have never been well since, until I us?d t ft
Oxydonor. I am much stronger mentally and physically, and. consider It one of tha greatest
Inventions of the &ge, The greatest little thing I ever saw. Youra respectfully,
C. A. WDLSON.
WATCH, YOUR
The Most Important Qrgans in the
Human Body They Throw
Out AH 'Diseaser
SWAMP-ROOT CORES" M KIDNEYS
Does your back ache?
Do you have pains, across your kidneys?
Is your complexion chalky, gray, white?
Is your skin dry or feverish? Are there
puffy bags beneath your eyes?
Are your eyes dull, listless and dead
looking? Are you. Irritable and hard to please?
Do you feel as though you have heart
trouble?
Do you have to urinate several times In
the night? Is there ever a scalding, burn
ing sensation there?
Do you feel the desire Immediately to
urinate again, with no result?
Is your urine clouded, thick or milky?
Is there any sediment or do particles
float In It?
Don't neglect these conditions, and If
they or any part of them are yours,
Swamp-Root, the great kidney remedy,
will be found just the medicne you need.
Here's a simple test ror the kldnejt,
just as certain as though a physician were
In personal attendance on your case: Pour
some of your "morning" urine In a gsi
or bottle "and allow It to stand 21 hours.
Then hold it up to the light, and If you
find any settlings or sediment, or If It is
thick or milky, or If small particles float
about In It, don't hesitate for a moment,
but write at once to Dr. Kilmer & Co.r
mention The Portland Daily Oregonlan.
and Immediately begin using the sample
of Swamp-Root which you will receive at
once, absolutely free by mail. The results
will surprise you.
Swamp-Root is purely vegetable, pleas
ant to take, and Is for sale by druggists
everywhere In bottles of two sizes and
two prices fifty cents and one dollir.
Bear In mind tho name, Swamp-Root, and
the address, Binghamton, N; Y.
will be required In the United States. The
stock now on hand Is being held at hl?h
prices, owing to the fact that the visible
supply is very small, a result of the Aug
ust hurricane. Higher prices in the g n
eral market are to be expected, and. whl e
It Is Improbable that coffee - growing
under the old methods will ever be a3
profitable as formerly, the natural condi
tions are favorable for the perpetuation
and extension ot the industry on. modem
lines.
The fact that Puerto Rico contains no
large unoccupied areas has led some ob
servers to represent the entire Island as
thickly populated. In reality this ia by
no means the case, and, while a large part
of the available land has been at som
time under cultivation, there are many
districts in which not more, than 10 per
cent of it is now in use, except for stock
raising, which may properly be called the
most popular agricultural Industry at the
present time.
For men without capital or experience
In the Industries of tropical countries
there are no openings In Puerto Rico, buC
with the improvement of means of trans
portation there will be much to encourage
the settlement of farmers of sufficient
enterprise and Intelligence to carry on
diversified farming and profit by the ad
vantageous local conditions.
Puerto Rico is unique among the West
Indies, or, indeed, -among tropical coun
tries generally. In the possession of t
large white population capable at one
of furnishing labor for carrying out loc tl
Improvements and of taking part In the
progress of advancing civilization. Th
explanation Is to be found In the delight
ful and salubrious climate, where the Eu
ropean can live, work, and thrive. A mo
advantageous point of contact with tr
tropics could scarcely have been selected.
e
TROUBLE FOR FARMERS.
Jackrabbltn From Eastern Orearon
k Invade Willamette Valley.
CorvalUs Times.
There was a time when no Willamette
valley pasture was trod by the foot of the
festive jackrabblt- He gnawed the bark
from fruit trees, and ate up tho sardena
of the farmer bejond the Cascades. Kv
led many an ambitious Eastern Oregon
dog in a wild and fruitless chase. H-
squatted under a sagebush, or loped a's
the trackless plain beyond the mountains
in splendid freedom, and It was supjjrsei
that he was only indigenous to a. dim
where there were few rivers and fewe.'
trees.
But the jackrabblt Is In the Valley. Dur
ing the past year or two an occasional
straggler was met by a Valley farmer
At first the farmer was believed to be mis
taken In the Identity of the alleged jack,
but moro recently it has become perfectly
understood that the jack is- here, and
heredn rapidly Increasing numbers. Sur
day one was killed by Georga Bowers,
Christmas day James Irwin killed- ano:h-.
Monday Charles Heckart killed a thlra,
and in Ned Smith's pasture found thrpf
others piled up, where some other sports
man had slain them.
The jackrabblt Is prodigious in propaga
tion. He is death on gardens and growing
fruit trees. If he keeps on coming' he
will be as bad a peat as the cucumber bug
or the codlln moth. He is a problem
that the future will probably have to
solve. '
Domestic and Foreign Port.
Queenstown. Jan. I. Arrived Pennland,
from Philadelphia for Liverpool, and pro
ceeded. London, Jan. 4. Arrived Manltou. from
New York; Manhattan, from New York.
Yokohama, Jan. 4. Sailed Monmouth
shire, from Hong Kong for Portland.
New York. Jan. 4. Arrived Noordland,
from Antwerp. Sailed La Normandie,
for Havre; Kaiser Wllhelm der Grosac
for Bremen, via Cherbourg and South
ampton. Arrived Darmstadt, from Bre
men. Rotterdam. Jan. 4. Sailed Amsterdam,
for New York.
Cole in Conrt.
BOSTON, Jan. 4. Charles H. CoTe, ex
president of the Globe National bank,
who Is charged with misappropriate sr
funds of this Institution, arrived in th!.s
city tonight from Los Angeles, Cal., it
charge of the United States marshal. H-
was at once taken before a United StatP;
commissioner, waived the reading of the
complaint, and pleaded not guilty, anil the
case was continued until January IS. BtU
was fixed at $50,000, which wa3 furnished,
and the prisoner was released.
i a
Within five years the exports of coffee from
the Hawaiian Islands have increased nearly 4u
fold. YOU
Is Vital Energy. Oxydonor supplies
it. It Is not a medicine, neither la it
electricity. It Is a. simple inatrumci..
(easily applied) that ccmpela the bov
to drlrk In large quantities of pure
oxygen, which builds up the aisfm
and repairs damaged organisms, gl"1
ing Xature the strength ahe requires
to free the body from disease.
Oxydonor produces natural sleep
strengthens the mind and gives got
appetite. Send for our book contain
lng hundreds of "Grateful Reports
from reliable persons in all parts of
the country who hae cured them
selves. Tou will be convinced.
One Oxydonor will serve an entire
family. Large book of Instruct! is
with eacn oxydonor. ir not eatisrav-