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2A THE DAILY ASTORIAN • TUESDAY, JANUARY 3, 2017 How salt saved the Lewis and Clark Expedition When saltmakers came to Seaside By KATHERINE LACAZE For The Daily Astorian SEASIDE — Salt was not only a critical part of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. “I’m going to say it saved them,” historian and retired National Park Service ranger Tom Wil- son said. The Corps of Discovery’s harrowing expedition more than 200 years ago was the focus of Wilson’s presentation, “A Convenient Situation,” during the Seaside Museum and Historical Society’s His- tory and Hops event Thursday at Seaside Brewery. The story would not be complete, according to Wil- son, without the mention of salt-making in present day Seaside. “This expedition and these saltmakers did change the course of American history, and world history,” said Wil- son , who draws most of his information from “The Jour- nals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition,” as printed by the University of Nebraska Press. Wilson, dressed in period garb, opened his presentation by sharing different ways salt has contributed to human his- tory and survival. In ancient Greece, slaves Katherine Lacaze/ For The Daily Astorian Unprocessed ocean salt, as would have been har- vested by members of the Corps of Discovery during the Lewis and Clark Expe- dition about 200 years ago. Katherine Lacaze/For The Daily Astorian Historian and National Park Service ranger Tom Wilson points out the likely trail members of the Corps of Dis- covery took to come harvest salt in present day Seaside. were traded for salt, which gave rise to the phrase “worth one’s weight in salt.” The word “salary” also is derived from the Latin word “salarium,” which has the root “sal,” or salt, in reference to the allotment paid to Roman soldiers to purchase the com- modity. Salt also played an important role in both the Rev- olutionary and Civil wars. A bushel of salt Before the 1860s, Wilson said, salt wasn’t mined in the United States; rather, it was harvested from the ocean and natural salt deposits and salt licks. As the Corps of Discovery prepared for its westward jour- ney, they gathered supplies, including three bushels — or about seven barrels — of salt, leaving Wood River, Illinois, with more than 64,000 pounds of supplies. For the expedition, Capt. Meriwether Lewis assem- bled “arguably the best team,” including what Wilson calls “The Fab Five”: Lewis, Sec- ond Lt. William Clark, Clark’s slave York, Sacagawea and Lewis’s dog Seaman. The expedition also included three dozen hand-se- lected noncommissioned offi - cers and privates, and “yeah, they were worth their weight in salt,” Wilson said. Economic stimulus One of President Thomas Jefferson’s purposes in com- missioning the expedition was to establish trade with the Native Americans and partners to the east, particularly capital- izing on sea otters as a trade good. In order to be success- ful, Wilson pointed out, “they have to survive. They have to get here and get back.” After crossing the Rocky Mountains, the expedition began running low on sup- plies, including food, trade FIVE-DAY FORECAST FOR ASTORIA TONIGHT WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 38 22 24 ALMANAC Salem 23/33 Newport 25/35 Last Jan 12 Coos Bay 31/46 New Jan 19 TOMORROW'S TIDES Astoria / Port Docks Time 11:37 a.m. 11:38 p.m. Low 2.7 ft. 1.1 ft. Lakeview 23/32 Ashland 31/42 City Baker City Bend Brookings Eugene Ilwaco Klamath Falls Medford Newberg Newport North Bend Hi 12 13 43 32 38 32 38 33 39 45 Today Lo 7 4 36 25 29 26 33 24 25 31 W s sn r pc s sn sn s s pc Hi 14 11 47 34 39 33 42 31 35 47 Wed. Lo 3 2 35 20 28 14 27 19 23 29 W c sn sh sn s sn r pc c sf City Olympia Pendleton Portland Roseburg Salem Seaside Spokane Springfi eld Vancouver Yakima Hi 32 12 33 40 35 38 15 35 32 19 Today Lo 18 10 22 31 23 29 0 26 24 5 W s pc s pc s s pc pc s s Hi 34 14 31 42 33 39 16 35 31 24 Wed. Lo 14 2 19 27 17 27 -3 24 19 -3 W s pc pc c c s pc sn pc s TOMORROW'S NATIONAL WEATHER NATIONAL CITIES Hi 67 44 40 27 30 46 59 15 80 51 31 57 62 63 85 65 72 46 41 49 46 33 55 33 49 Burns 13/24 REGIONAL CITIES Source: Jim Todd, OMSI City Atlanta Boston Chicago Denver Des Moines Detroit El Paso Fairbanks Honolulu Indianapolis Kansas City Las Vegas Los Angeles Memphis Miami Nashville New Orleans New York Oklahoma City Philadelphia St. Louis Salt Lake City San Francisco Seattle Washington, DC Baker 7/14 Forecasts and graphics provided by AccuWeather, Inc. ©2017 Tonight's Sky: The Quadrantid meteor shower should be at its best tonight, radiating from the constellation Bootes. Today Lo 50 41 12 10 7 23 38 13 63 20 12 42 50 34 71 36 53 43 21 43 20 29 51 19 43 La Grande 14/20 Ontario 13/24 Klamath Falls 26/33 W c r c c pc r pc pc s c pc pc c r pc c pc r pc r sh sn r s r Hi 54 50 19 24 21 26 63 20 80 29 23 61 61 42 84 41 62 52 39 54 30 35 55 33 56 Wed. Lo 32 29 8 5 7 17 41 4 64 15 12 51 55 29 64 26 46 30 20 32 19 24 46 19 30 Shown are noon positions of weather systems and precipitation. Temperature bands are highs for the day. W pc pc pc sn s sf s sn pc pc c pc sh s pc pc pc pc pc pc s sn r s pc APPLIANCE APPLIANCE AND HOME FURNISHINGS 529 SE MARLIN, WARRENTON 503-861-0929 Mattresses, Furniture 3 A 0 RS TSOP C LA U Y C O NT LOTTERIES Dec. 27, 2016 ROBINSON, Weome May, 89, of Seaside, died in Seaside. Hughes-Ransom Mortuary & Crematory in Seaside is in charge of the arrangements. Dec. 28, 2016 KUJALA, Patricia Anne, 84, of Beaverton, formerly of Astoria, died at home. Springer and Son Aloha Funeral Home in Beaverton is in charge of the arrangements. & More! WEDNESDAY Maritime Memorial Commit- tee, 1 p.m., Holiday Inn Confer- ence Room 204, West Marine Dr. Port of Astoria Commission, 4 p.m. executive session (closed to public), new Port offi ces, 10 Pier 1, Suite 304. Clatsop County Board of Com- missioners, 5 p.m., work session on charter review committee, Judge Guy Boyington Building, 857 Commercial St., Astoria. Seaside Improvement Com- mission, 6:30 p.m., City Hall, 989 Broadway. Gearhart City Council, 7 p.m., City Hall, 698 Pacifi c Way. OREGON Monday’s Pick 4: 1 p.m.: 2-3-0-9 4 p.m.: 4-8-4-7 7 p.m.: 5-5-6-7 10 p.m.: 7-9-0-1 Monday’s Megabucks: 16- 19-26-34-39-48 Estimated jackpot: $4.2 million WASHINGTON Monday’s Daily Game: 2-4-8 Monday’s Hit 5: 03-08-13- 15-39 Estimated jackpot: $100,000 Monday’s Keno: 04-06-16- 18-29-30-31-33-35-36-45- 52-55-56-60-61-63-73-75-78 Monday’s Lotto: 07-11-12- 16-32-47 Estimated jackpot: $1.4 million Monday’s Match 4: 02-13- 23-24 The most valuable and respected source of local news, advertising and information for our communities. PACKAGE DEALS YE DEATHS TUESDAY Port of Astoria Commission, 5 p.m., workshop, new Port offi ces, 10 Pier 1, Suite 209. Astoria City Council, 7 p.m., City Hall, 1095 Duane St. Seaside Library Board, 4:30 p.m., Seaside Library, 1131 Broadway. Miles Crossing Sanitary Sewer District Board, 6 p.m., 34583 U.S. Highway 101 Business. Seaside Planning Commis- sion, 7 p.m., City Hall, 989 Broadway. Cannon Beach City Council, 7 p.m., City Hall, 163 E. Gower St. Weather (W): s-sunny, pc-partly cloudy, c-cloudy, sh-showers, t-thunderstorms, r-rain, sf-snow fl urries, sn-snow, i-ice. IN Kenneth Loren Hoagland was born Sept. tenant in 1954-56, and was a member of Clat- 23, 1931, in Roseberry, Idaho. The family sop Post 12 American Legion in Astoria. He is survived by his wife Lila; later moved to King Hill, Idaho, daughters Terri Peden, Cheryl Aho where Ken attended Glenns Ferry and Vicki Searle; four grandchil- schools. After high school gradu- dren, Jennifer Peden (Erin), Chris ation he moved to Moscow, Idaho, Peden (Karen), Mathew Aho and to attend the University of Idaho. In Nathan Searle (Nicholle); Eight 1953 he moved to Lewiston, Idaho, great-grandchildren and four and found employment at Potlatch stepgreat-grandchildren; two sis- Forests Inc. Pulp Mill. ters, Reva Carlock of Mountain There, in Lewiston, he met his Home, Idaho, and Gloria Weerheim wife, Lila, and they were married in Lead, South Dakota; a brother Rich- 1953. They had three daughters. In 1967 he was hired at Crown Kenneth Loren ard of Clatskanie, Oregon; numer- ous nieces and nephews and his best Zellerbach Pulp and Paper Mill, Hoagland friend “Bandit.” and moved his family to Knappa. Besides his parents and steppar- He retired from the mill (then James ents, he was preceded in death by River) in 1993. brothers Clarence and Ronald. Ken Ken enjoyed hunting, fi shing, and Lila celebrated their 63rd wed- golfi ng, spending time with his chil- dren, grandchildren and great grandchildren ding anniversary Nov. 29 of this year. A celebration of life will be held at a later and winters in Arizona. He served in the military as a 2nd lieu- date. PUBLIC MEETINGS O VER Wilson concluded his pre- sentation by discussing how they know for certain The Salt Works site, now run by the National Park Service, is the correct location. The answer is Tsin-is-tum, also known by her English name Jennie Michel, a member of the Clatsop tribe. Although she was born about 1818, her mother witnessed the expedition’s salt-making endeavors and showed her the site. In the early 1900s, the Ore- gon Historical Society trav- eled to fi nd where the original salt works was located. They relied on the information from Michel. The Cartwright family gave the land to the society, which started the process of main- taining the site, including the original rock structure. In the 1950s, the Lions Club, want- ing to maintain the site, did more work, installing the mon- ument and a salt cairn replica. Wilson said he likes to think “the rocks you see there now are the original charred rocks of the expedition,” but there is no evidence to confi rm that. The National Park Service took over in 1979 and contin- ues to strategize how to best portray and interpret the site. Knappa Sept. 23, 1931 — Dec. 25, 2016 Roseburg 31/42 Brookings 35/47 Jan 27 John Day 21/29 Bend 4/11 Medford 33/42 UNDER THE SKY High 8.4 ft. 7.7 ft. Prineville 5/14 Lebanon 24/34 Eugene 25/34 Sunset tonight ........................... 4:42 p.m. Sunrise Wednesday .................... 7:58 a.m. Moonrise today ......................... 11:04 a.m. Moonset today ......................... 10:46 p.m. Full Pendleton 10/14 The Dalles 16/25 Portland 22/31 Memorializing the salt-making Kenneth Loren ‘Hoagy’ Hoagland Cloudy, cold and becoming rainy Mostly cloudy and chilly Tillamook 25/35 SUN AND MOON Time 5:32 a.m. 5:18 p.m. Chilly with times of clouds and sun 39 33 Shown is tomorrow's weather. Temperatures are tonight's lows and tomorrow's highs. ASTORIA 24/38 Precipitation Monday ............................................ Trace Month to date ................................... 0.09" Normal month to date ....................... 0.69" Year to date ...................................... 0.09" Normal year to date .......................... 0.69" Jan 5 43 29 they would have access to salt stashed there before, as well as plains of roaming buffalo. OBITUARIES SATURDAY REGIONAL WEATHER Astoria through Monday. Temperatures High/low ....................................... 39°/33° Normal high/low ........................... 49°/37° Record high ............................ 61° in 1981 Record low ............................. 21° in 1974 First 39 26 Brisk and cold with plenty of sunshine Breezy, frigid FRIDAY goods and salt. By the time they were at the station camp at the mouth of the Columbia River, the situation was dire. Unable to rely on trade with the Native Americans to get provisions, offi cers had to make an important decision. According to the journal of Pvt. Joseph Whitehouse, the offi cers “had our whole party assemble in order to consult which place would be best for us to take up our winter quarters.” During the winter of December 1805, the expedi- tion set up their winter camp at Fort Clatsop. On Dec. 8, Clark set out to fi nd a direct route to the ocean. On Dec. 28, Joseph Field, Wil- liam Bratton and George Gib- son followed, making their way to the coast near a Clatsop village about 15 miles south of Fort Clatsop, bearing fi ve large kettles. The salt-making began, as the explorers harvested about 3 quarts to a gallon per day and operated three kettles day and night. The operation continued through Feb. 21. Gibson and Bratton, at least, were at the salt works the entire time. In all, the C orps harvested about 28 gallons of salt. They left for the return journey with approximately 20 gallons — enough for a large part of their return voyage. They knew once they reached the east side of the Rockies, HOURS OPEN: MON-FRI 8-6 • SATURDAY 9-5 • SUNDAY 10-4 We Service What We Sell www.eomediagroup.com The Daily Astorian Established July 1, 1873 (USPS 035-000) Published daily, except Saturday and Sunday, by EO Media Group, 949 Exchange St., PO Box 210, Astoria, OR 97103 Telephone 503- 325-3211, 800-781-3211 or Fax 503-325-6573. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Daily Astorian, PO Box 210, Astoria, OR 97103-0210 www.dailyastorian.com MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the use for republication of all the local news printed in this newspaper. SUBSCRIBER TO THE NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE MEMBER CERTIFIED AUDIT OF CIRCULATIONS, INC. 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