Crook County journal., October 21, 1920, Page Page 11, Image 11

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GRAFTING AND BUDDING EASY
Illustration! Outlint Method of Doing
Work In Both Instances For-,
mula for Wax.
Untitling usually is used In the prop
agating of (lift itniia fruit, such a the
peach, cherry ami plum. The seedling
grown mill used fur the stock must
be In nrtlve growth when the budding
iM'dmie. Tlm bark miint peel readily,
leaving the active Inner cell of the
cumlihttii layer upim the young woody
growth, Tliu bud which In to produce
the new plant of the desired variety
mut ciiJio In contui't with this lavur
Making Cleft In End of Limb.
of active cell. In preparing the stock
fur the bud two cut are imiile through
tlm burk In the form of n "T." The
burk la then raised, being direful not
to Injure the Inner luyer. The bud
which hit been removed from the
"bud stick" with a almrp, thln-blwled
knife, 1 slipped In under the opened
burk of the Mock. It la held In place
by wrnpplng It with cord or nurrow
strip of cotton cloth. These must be
cut a week or two after the work la
dune. The Illustration ahowa the
method of doing thla work.
In budding penche cure miit be ex
erclaet) to uvold UHlng any fruit buda
for propagation. The, fruit bud of
penche are found on the new growth.
Grafting la the method usually em
ployed In propagating apple tree. The
whip graft, audi aa la used In the nur
aerlea, must be made In the winter
time. The only method of grafting
that I practical aa the growing season
begin la cleft grafting. Thla I ued
In top working tree of aoiue size
where It I dt'Nlred to Introduce a new
variety using the established tree a
the stock. In cleft grafting the Hint
of the tree I auwed off and then apllt
by the use of a heavy knife or a knife
apeclully designed for the punoae, aa
la shown In the cut. The twig of the
variety desired I brought to a wedge
ahupe lit the lower end and ta lnaertcd
In the cleft of the atock tree. It tnuat
be placed that the cambium layer
of the twig or aclon cornea In cloae con
toct with the almllar layer In the atock.
The apllt In the atock niuat be pro
tected by covering It with gruftlng
wax. One of tho moat commonly uaed
preparutlona la that compoaed of roaln
four parta by weight, beeswax two
part and tnllow one part. These are
melted together, and aa aoon aa It la
hard enough to bundle It la worked
over until It becomes tough and light
fm
D Bud J E Slit to Receive Bud; F
Bud In Place.
yellow In color. Tho hands must be
greased when handling thla wax. Some
of thla wax should be so placed on the
graft as to keep all moisture out and
prevent the genua of decuy rrom got'
ting a start.
CARING FOR DECAYED TREES
Creosote or Tar Paint Should Be Ap
plied to Stumps Where Limbs
Have Been Removed.
'
Whenever the limb of a tree Is
blown oft or becomes diseased the
stump should be snwed oft even and
pulntcd with creosote or tar puln
otherwise decay will set In nnd spread
to other parts of the tree. Oftentlnic
even a nail hole will so Injure the burk
thnt It will come off, leaving the wood
underneath unprotected. If these spots
ore left bore decay will sot In nnd
seriously endanger the tree. A cout of
creosote or tur pulnt will prevent
spread of decay and gradually the
bark will grow over the bnro place.
IMPROVE SOIL IN ORCHARDS
Most Old Neglected Trees Will Re
ipond to Application of Fertilizer
of Some Kind.
If the orchard Is In clover sod, a
mulch of manure will probably not
be needed as the clover will furnish
the necessary mulch. In regnrd to
the question of whether It will pay
to apply fertilizers or not, It may
be said that most old neglected
orchards will respond to the applica
tion of manure or commercial fertil
izers until they regain their health
and vigor. The time for applying
Is usually very soon after the leaves
come, out Jn the spring.
4
AMHQLS
ILL ALL HARMFUL ANIMALS
Annual Lom Wrought by Predatory
Wild Imti and Rodent Mounta
Up Into Millions.
I.lve stock and wool valued at 130,-
000,000 ire lout annually through the
dtpredatlons of wild animal. The
to I lie of farm product and forage de
stroyed each year by rodenta la approx
imately I:hjo,000,000. It la esti
mated that the household of thla
country sustain an annual loaa from
rata and mire of 1L"00.0)0,000.
These figures turn up certain of the
larger loaves due to destructive wild
life which the biological survey of the
United States department of agricul
ture ta enguged In reducing aa rapidly
a pnsnlhle. A force of between 400
and CtOO experienced hiiiitera waa em
ployed by thla bureau during the punt
year to kill predatory anlmula, many
of which were Infected with rablei;
Live Stock and Wool Valued at Mil-
Hone of Dollar Art Deetroyed An
nually by Predatory Animal, Chief
of Which Are Wolves and Coyote.
this disease often Is spread from the
wild creatures to domestic anlmula.
and frequently endangers humans. In
this work of extermination the atates
and numerous private organisations
have bad an Important share.
The work of killing rodenta prairie
dogs, ground squirrels, Jack rnbblts
snd cottontails, pocket gophers, native
mice, wood nits, cotton rats, etc. Is
also carried on with the eo-operatlon
of the atates. During the past fiscal
year ground squirrels were poisoned
on more than 14,000.000 acres. In on
Idaho county alone 40,000 rabblta were
killed. In the same period from 75
to 03 per cent of the prairie dogs found
on a total of 2,200,000 acres were de
stroyed.
BANK FAVORS BETTER SIRES
Concern at Fond du Lao, Wis., Urges
It Patrona to Improve Qual
ity of Stock.
With the publication of a four-page
farm newa lenfiet, of which a current
copy is a "Duroc Hale and Tig Club
Number," a bank at Fond du Lac,
Wis., Is encouraging Ita patrons to lm
prove their live stock. The editor of
the sheet has the unique title of "bank
agriculturist," and hki activities are
devoted largely to financing farmers
who wish to acquire well-bred animals
or to become Joint owners In valuuble
sires.
In a letter to the United States de
partment of agriculture the bank ag
rlculturlst calls attention to the sup
port being given hog-cholera control,
plg-cluh work, and other activities In
which the government Is active. The
lefifict contains a "For Sule and Want
Column," relating especially to live
stock, gives current news among
breeders, and contains discussions
ranging from the cure of cattle to the
handling of bees. An expressed pur
pose of the bank's activities Is "to
make Fond du I.ac county a ' land
where milk and honey flows."
RATION OF COTTONSEED MEAL
On Pound Per Day for Each 1,000
Pounds Live Weight la Most
Satisfactory.
One poundOf cottonseed meal per
day for each 1,000 pounds live weight
Is the most satisfactory quantity to
feed work nnlmals, according to re-
cent experiments conuucieu Dy ine uni-
ted States department of agriculture.
A test In feeding cottonseed nienl to
work horses and mules nt the govern
ment form, BeltsvIIle, Md., wns begun
In 1018, and continued last year. When
the menl was fed In large quantities
harmful effects were nppnrent. how
ever, Indicating that cottonseed meal,
like any other hlgh-proteln feed must
be fed with care to horses nnd mules.
BLACKLEG VACCINE IS FREE
Department Report Shows That 3,339,
819 Doses Were Distributed
During Last Year.
Vaccine for immunizing cattle
against blackleg Is still In great de
mand. A report of the bureau of an
imal Industry, United States depart
ment of agriculture, shows that 8,339,
810 doses were distributed free to
stock owners during the lust fiscal
year. The vaccine sent out by the bu
reau Is In the powdered form.
as" i 1 .
FAIRNESS IS GOVERNMENT'S ONE GREAT
OBJECT IN MARKET
Telegraphle Report From Many Center
Products Form the Bail of
(Prepared by the'Unltfd Statu Depart
ment or Agriculture.)
The authority back of a mnrket re
port largely determines Its value. Ue
port from the bureau of markets, Uni
ted States department of agriculture,
are counted of peculiar value In the
maintenance of healthful economic con
ditions In America because they aup-
ply Information that is comprehensive,
always up-to-date, and unbiased.
What may be characterized a the
key positions In the government's market-reporting
organisations are the
market stations. These are branches
of the bureau of markets maintained
In nearly a score of the lurger cities,
and one of their chief functions Is to
collect and distribute market newa re
luting to several or all of the following
producta: Krulta and vegetable, live
stock and meats, dairy producta, bay,
grain, and mill feeds and seeds.
Most of the branch offices are con
nected by leased wire with Washing
ton and receive and distribute market
newa dally. The original data are as
sembled and condensed Into reports,
reviews and press articles which are
dlatributed according to the needs of
the market Most of the men In
charge of this work have had technical
training and considerable experience
either In production or marketing:.
' 8tatlon Men Understand Selling.
The work of these men resembles
that of the county agent In that It
la localised, but It differs from It since
It deal primarily with the selling -and
not the producing phase of agriculture.
In other words, the mnrket atatlon man
begins where the county agent. In mast
case, leaves off. He Is able to an
alyse market problems comprehensive
ly because be meets dealers, shippers,
and buyers and Is In dally touch wttn
local trade conditions.
The co-operation which the market
stations maintain with State market
Ing agents In 27 ststes Is a decldely
helpful feature of the market news
service. The national service Is con
cerned chiefly with the wholesale mar
keting of produce shipped from one
state to another, but the state agents
are Interested In local produce, both
wholesale and retail The national and
state forcea often unite not only in se
curing Information, but In helping to
aolve special marketing problems and
conditions, such as the more rapid
movement of crops In seasons of heavy
production.
The service of the maraet stations
STEERS STARTED ON SILAGE
Material Is Bulky Enough to Eliminate
Danger From Overfeeding and Is
Much Rellehed.
Sllnge has largely solved the prob
lem of starting steers on feed. It Is
bulky enough to eliminate danger from
overeating and unless cattle are ac
customed to It they rarely ent greedily
of It at the stnrt, according to George
W. Godfrey of Iowa State college.
Western range cattle that never saw
corn take to silage as quickly as those
of our native cattle that are not ac
customed to it. When fed fodder these
western cattle at first pick off the
leaves and husks, leaving the atnlks
and ears. With silage they get nc-
n,1Binted with the corn taste at the
gtMrt.
When grain Is added to the ration, If
spread over the silage, It Is more even
ly shared by the steers. Even when
cattle are going at once onto a heavy
grain feed a start with silage Is best,
as It allows a more rapid increase in
the grain ration without danger.
A short preliminary feed of sllnge
also puts them In good condition to
make the best use of the grain ration
later. Sllnge has a place in every
feed lot that nothing else can quite
fill.
MORE PROTEIN IN LEGUMES
Also More Carbohydrates In Alfalfa,
Cowpeas and Such Crops Than
In Johnson Grass.
Alfalfa, clover, lespedeza, cowpeas,
sOy beans, peanuts, all contain con
siderably more protein and more car
bohydrates as well, than the ' non
legume hay, such as Johnson grass,
timothy, prairie sorghum, etc.
few m a i j sfePjJTT
4 -.': : J
NEWS DISTRIBUTION
Regarding the Movement of Many
Federal Market Dispatches.
and state agencle tends to displace
many of the private agencies whose
sciie of operation Is apt to be less
comprehensive, prompt, and reliable.
In addition to this general Information,
which might be culled routine market
news, various sections In the bureau
of market render Important service
by securing data regarding special
commodities. The fertilizer sections;
for example, have conducted Inquiries
and made reports on the supply and
demand for fertilizers and fertilizer
material. Tbe transportation aectlona
have rendered valuable aid In securing
complete and regular reports on ship
ments, and also by expediting the un
loading and return of cars. Without
Information on these related subjects.
buyers and sellers often would go far
wrong In their bargaining.
Prompt distribution of the Informa
tion which the bureau of markets rep
resentatives secure Is essential to Its
value. Iteports are collected early In
the morning and are telegraphed from
city to city so that they can be pub
lished the aame day. In this wsy mar
ket Information for the entire country
la placed In the city dealers' bands a
few hours after It Is collected, and
often shippers at remote country
points have the data the morning fol
lowing lta compilation. The reports
show not only actual sales or ship
ments of various commodities, but oth
er Important Items which bave a bear
ing on the markets.
Scope of Information.
In the course of the year the Infor
mation made available through the
United States department of agricul
ture has to do with the marketing of
between 1.500,000 and 2,000,000 car
loads of live stock and 600,000 to 750,
000 cars of fruits and vegetables. The
movement of cotton, dairy products.
dressed meat, grain, and feed Is cov
ered In the same comprehensive fash-
Ion. It has been estimated that .the
department's market hews reaches
from 4,000,000 to 15,000,000 readers
throntrh the newspapers, while the
market bulletins, reports, reviews, and
special articles go to tens of thousands
of growers and dealers. Obviously, the
growers and dealers profit directly
from the mnrket news service because
of Its completeness and fairness, but
of no less Importance la the benefit to
the public at large, resulting from
healthful, above-board competition pro
moted by easily obtainable market In
formation.
COLTS REQUIRE MUCH GRAIN
If Animals Are Compelled to Consume
Largo Quantities of Silage They
Develop Slowly.
At the University of Missouri,
colts have grown from 5C2 pounds
In weight on September 15 to 897
pounds on April 21, on a daily ration
of 8.42 pounds of one-half shelled corn
and one-half oats and 7.8 pounds of
hay. Colts can consume small quan
tities of silage, but If they are
forced to eat large quantities of silage
they cannot be expected to grow as
much as they would if fed more lib
erally on grain.
Bran, when available, and a small
quantltlty of ollmeal may be fed to
advantage to colts. Exercise, fresh wa
ter and good quarters must be fur
nished If best results are to be expect
ed, but It should be borne In mind
thnt the colt which arrives at Its year
ling form stunted and thin will be
handicapped for the next two or three
years of its life and may, perhaps,
never fully recover.
DIGESTIBLE HAY NUTRIENTS
Nearly, Three Times as Much In
l imoiny in vwm myo
Latter More Palatable.
In 100 lbs. of timothy hay there are
48.8 lbs. of digestible nutrients, or
nearly three times as much as there
Is In corn silage. Corn silage, being
a succulent feed and more palatable,
Is, on the whole, more easily digested.
We have always calculated that one
ton of timothy hay Is equivalent to
about two and a halt tons of corn
silage. Putting It In another way,
when timothy hay Is worth $10 a. ton
corn silage Is worth $4.
MITES ARE MOST INJURIOUS
Little Intact Suck Blood of Hen and
8erlouly Affect Her Ability
to Lay Egg.
If the best result are to be expect
ed from tbe poultry flock, tbe build
ing must not be allowed to become
overrun with mite. Mites are more
troublesome and more harmful than
lice. They do not live upon the birds
like the lice, but during the day hide
In the cracks and crevices of the roosts
and walls of the house, and at night
they come out and get upon the fowl.
They suck the heu's blood, and If al
lowed to become plentiful as thej
certainly will If not destroyed will
seriously affect her health and conse
quently her ability to lay eggs.
Mites may be eradicated by a few
thorough applications of kerosene or
some of the' coal-tar products which
are sold for this purpose, or crude
petroleum, to the Interior of the poul
try bouse.
The commercial coal-tar products
re more expensive but retain their
killing power longer, and they may be
cheapened by reducing with an equal
part of kerosene. Crude petroleum
will spray better If thinned with one
part of kerosene to four parts of the
crude oil, according to poultry spe
cialists of the United States depart
ment of agriculture. Both the crude
War--
Open Front House I Beet for Summer
It Ss Easy to Keep Clean.
petroleum and the coal-tar products
often contain foreign particles, so
should be strained before attempting
to spray. One must be sure that tbe
spray reachea all of the cracks and
crevices, giving especial attention to
the roosts, dropplng-boards, and nests,
and the treatment should be repeated
two or three times at Intervals of
week or 10 days.
GUINEA FOWLS ARE FAVORED
Hardleat of All Domettio Poultry and
Great Huitler They Keep
Away Marauders.
There Is no good reason why more
guineas should not be kept on the
farm. They are Just about tne nam-
lest of all domestic fowls, and per
haps also the greatest hustlers, yet
they seldom do their hustling to tne in-
tnrv of the earden or lawn. While
oulte domestic in their habits ir treat
ed gently, their wild nature leads them
to remote parts of the nomesteaa.
where they pick up a large part of
their living that would be overlooked
by any other kind of fowl.
vu. in.".. ...
infested witn nawKs,
guineas are very valuable, tnir vigor-
ous protests against every approach
nt the foe actually frighten them
away. And no strange cat or dog can
come on the place without their em -
nhatlc protest
GOOD SHELTER FOR TURKEYS
w w w
Plain, Substantial House of Shed-Roof
Type, Dry and Ventilated la
Recommended.
A rlaln. substantial house of the
shed-roof type, dry, amply lighted and
well ventilated, Is the better way for
orovlding shelter for turkeys.
Such a house slmpnnes tne Beeping
of turkeys, and has many commend
able features, for the successful tur
key farmers, besides making easy the
care and attention necessary at cer
tain seasons of the year.
TURNING EGGS FOR HATCHING
Not Necessary, According to Professor
Kaupp, Expert of North Caro-
Una Station.
Turning eggs while saving them for
hntehlne. althoURh generally recom
mended nnd practiced by poultry keep
ers. Is believed to be unnecessary.
Rather thorough tests conducted by
Prof. B. F. Kaupp of North Carolina
station show no gain in hatch ability
of eggs turned every day over similar
lots which were kept undisturbed un
til placed In the Incubator.
pQW'LS GET LAZY IN SUMMER
Some Hens Are So Inactive That They
Do Not Earn Their Feed During
Hot Weather.
As a rule hens do not show great
activity during hot weather, but there
are some which become so lazy mat
they are not worth their feeding. Those
are the hens that cut down their egg
yield. Hot weather Is worse for hens
Chan cold weather, for during the
winter months a hen with any life in
ber will busy herself ,to keen warm.
FARM
POULTRY
DEMAND FOR GUINEA FOWLS
Value as Substitute for Game Birds
Becoming Better Recognized
by Many People.
The value of a guinea fowl as
substltnte for game birds such as
grouse, partridge, quail, and pheasant,
is becoming more and more recognized
by people fond of this class of meat,
and the demand for these fowls Is
Prime Young Guineas Are a Special
Delicacy.
Increasing steadily. United States de
partment of Agriculture specialists re
port. Many hotels and restaurants In
the large cities are eager to secure
prime young guineas, and often they
are served at banquets and club din
ners as a special delicacy. When well
cooked, guineas are attractive In ap
pearance, although darker than com
mon fowls, and the flesh of young
birds Is tender and of especially fine
flavor, resembling that of wild game.
Like all other fowl, old guineas are
likely to be tough and rather dry.
A few large poultry raisers, par
ticularly those within easy reach of
the large eastern markets, make a
practice of 'raising a hundred or so
guineas each year, but the great ma
jority of guineas are raised In small
frocks of from 10 to 25 upon farms In
the Middle West and In the South.
Many farmers keep a pair or a trio of
ralneas more as a novelty man ior
profit, and from these a small flock
Is raised. The guinea fowl doubtless
would be more popular on farms were
It not for Its harsh and at times seem
ingly never-ending cry. However,
some people consider this cry an argu
ment In the guinea's favor, as it gives
warning of marauders in the poultry
yard.
CARE OF GROWING CHICKENS
One of Most Important Factor In
Railing Poultry During Summer
Keep Them Growing.
The care of growing chicks during
the summer Is one of the most Impor-
tnnf factors In poultry raising. The
chicks may be hatched from strong.
vigorous stock and carefully brooded ;
but unless they receive the proper
attention during the warm months.
their erowth may be retarded. In
other words, they shoould be so man
aged that they will mature Into well
developed fowls.
i
I .,-,-n mnnn rnrr rnnil I ire
fcttr DlnUd rncc rnum uiuc
Dust fhorouahly With Good Insect
I Powder or Apply Mixture of
1 Vaseline and Mercury.
Examine tne puiiets ana nens ior
. d thoroughly with a good
I I . An .... annlv a mtrtnra Sf
two parts of vaseline and one part
of mercurial or blue ointment, about
the size of a pea' one inch below the
vent of the bird, rubbing the mixture
lightly on the skin. An application of
this ointment two or three times a
vear will keep the fowls free from
lice.
OEWNOTECI
Destroy lice and mites.
Confine or sell all cockblrds.
;
Keep the nests clean and well lit
tered.
Gather eggs frequently and keep
them in a cool place.
Bread and milk make an excellent
feed for young goslings.
Feed a well-balanced ration with
plenty of variety and If possible give
free range.
'''
Eggs to be preserved should be
strictly fresh, clean, unwashed, firm
and free from cracks.
From 50 to 80 per cent of the chicks
batched die before they reach matu
rity. This loss can be greatly reduced
by proper feeding and care.
The number of duck farms In this
country Is Increasing, because of a
widening of the market for young
ducks, and this sort of poultry rats-
..t mi aha nAnuluv
inar irniwiiiar uiuib uuuatuii