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About The Willamina times. (Willamina, Yamhill County, Oregon) 1909-1972 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 13, 1930)
Thursday, November 13, 1930 DAIRY INDUSTRY NOW IS IMMENSE Milk Represents Fourth of Production on Farms. DETAILS INSURE EGGS IN WINTER (Prepared bv * th Unit»« Stites Oapartnaot of Asrlculture.l “The dairy Industry is sn Immense industry. It holds so exceedingly Im portent place tn our national economic structure. This must be so, because the commodity it produces is a prime essential in our very existence," said O. K. Heed, chief of tho bureau of If tho pullets nr« to produce an dairy industry, United States Depart abundance of winter eggs, they mint ment of Agriculture, tn addressing the hnve a well balanced ration, plenty of , first annual meeting of the North Car room, fresh air, and clean litter and olina State Dairymen's association at be free from Hee and other annoy * ancea. Their development and man Greensboro. “The dairy industry Is of such great agement during the critical time just ' size that it Is difficult to realize bow preceding and during the winter lay big It Is," be said. "The steel Indus ing period requires careful attention try was once called 'the billion-dollar to many details. industry.' In the year July *1, 1027. After the range has become deplet to July 1, 1928, according to estimates, ed. cabbage, awlaa chard, or other , the total income received by Ameri green feed should be added to the ra can farmers for all theii farm prod tion and continued throughout the ucts was about $12,250,600,000. One winter months. Green feed aids In fourth of tills, or about three billions, egg production and helps to prevent । was produced by our dairy cows. This diseases, especially colds nnd roup. was two and a half times the annual Skim milk or buttermilk in the ration value of the cotton crop, two and a Is also an aid In producing winter * hal times the beef and veal crop, egga and maintaining the health of more than three times the wheat crop, the flock. Sudden changes In feed are and more than twice the bog crop." to be avoided. The demand for the dairy products The houae ahould be clean, well of American farms Is Increasing year ventilated and roothy. Leghorns re by year; milk, butter, cheese. Ice quire at least three square feet of floor space and six Inches of roosting cream, etc., are becoming a greater part of the diet of the American peo space. The heavy breeds need more । ple, he said. space. “The Increasi In the demand for Pullets need a great deal of fresh dairy products Is due to two factors. air. The house should hnve IS to 25 The Drat Is the Improvement that baa squere feet of open space In front for taken place In the quality of all dairy each hundred pullets. This space Is products generally in the last few kept wide open except In very windy years. There Is a direct relation be or severely cold weather when It may tween quality and consumption. Milk be partly cloned by lath wind bafflers. that io low In quality is always diffi The skillful poultryman will move cult to market to advantage, whereas the pallets into winter quarters be milk of good flavor and high sanitary fore they begin to lay nnd will keep them perfectly free from lice and quality always bas, under normal eco nomic conditions, an advantageous mites and other sources of annoy market and is consumed in relatively ance. large amounts. The second factor is a better understanding on the part of people generally of the value of milk and milk products In relation to nu trition and health. In recent years a The chickens that are fat will be the great deal of emphasis has been put ones that will bring the highest price , upon the vitamin content of foods. on the market during the holiday Milk is rich in vitamins, those acces trade. Always the fat ones are bought sory food substances which are nec before the poor ones. So warns D essary for the proper functioning of H. Hall, extension poultry husband the body. man, Clemson college. In discussing , "The problem of raising the general the fattening of poultry for market level of quality of milk and cream at The fattening ration of birds Is very the point of production, the farm. Is simple, says Mr. Hall. You have one that must be given more consid ; enough protein to build up muscle, but eration. The objects of quality im i the caU>o * yd rates content should b * provement an to increase consump high. A soft feed or mash should be tion and provide the consumer with fed In order to make the muscles as clean, wholesome, and nutritious dairy mrft as possible. The following ration products. Statistics on the per capita w!» make a good fattening food: 50 consumption of milk show that the | pounds corn meal. 25 pounds wheat southern states are low In their per . bran, 25 pounds middlings. capita consumption of all kinds of dairy Mix the above with two parts but products, as compared with other sec termilk. When buttermilk Is not avail tions of the country. The producer as able. meat scrap can be mixed with well as the manufacturer should make this ration X the rate of 15 pounds every effort to increase the consump per 100 and water used to moisten the tion of milk.” mash. Young fowls stand confinement well, but old hens do not. It Is best to fatten young fowls In coops nnd old hens In small nine. A fowl on fatten Good bulla are hard to And. says j ing ration should gain from 50 to IM' Prof. 8. J. Brownell of the New York per cent of Its own weight. State College of Agriculture, who is in terested tn finding bull calves from | good pure-bred sires and from cows i that have made 400 pounds of fat in a dairy herd Improvement association. Nature has decreed that no animal Surveys tn many New York town does well for any length of time close ships show that more than half of all ly associated with Its own excrement. the bulls owned are grade 'nnd scrub Do not forget this. Do not force your bulla. Of the 45 per cent of pure-bred birds to pick over nnd try to eat out bulls, only 15 per cent of them are of litter which Is largely composed of registered, and only 3 per cent of all dust and dried hen manure. the bulls owned are from cows of Change the llttler frequently. It Is known producing ability. a labor, a trouble, nnd an expense; . As a result of the surveys, many yea, but It Is the only wny to do, If dairymen who now own grade and you want the best results with your scrub bulls have listed their desire to poultry. get better bulls. The requests for bet Whether the floors of your houae ter bulls are at the rate of ten to are of boards or cement, do not let flfteen dairymen for every township them become damp. surveyed. This means that from 300 Itemember, a hen's kidneys throw to 400 good bulls are needed to re off a comparatively small amount of place the grades and scrubs tn ths matter, nnd the poor hen has no sweat surveyed territory. glands, so that most of the liquid (and she drinks a lot of water, you know) Is thrown off In her breath. The air In a henhouse Is bound to be damp enough any wny, and It is When you wish to make up n ration the practice of a good poultryman to so arrange his floors and ventilation for the Individual cow or for the herd that dampness is kept to an absolute there are two important ingredients minimum. to be considered in selecting the feeds. These are: 1. Digestible protein. 2. Total digestible nutrients. Protein is especially Important in Windows should be hinged so that milk production and all dairy rations the sun can shine directly onto the should be liberally supplied with this hens, because the sunlight coming element, but the use of too much pro through glass loses the ultra violet tein may be detrimental. The feed rays. These rays have the property to ing of high protein feeds may be mnke the minerals in the ration avail carried to extremes with the result able. A hen apparently has the abil that niany cows will be prematurely ity to store this factor In her body, burned out or become shy breeders. but if she lays well and is kept out of The Increased use of alfalfa tins given direct sunlight for a long time, then a protein roughage that does not re she exhausts the supply. She may con quire the high protein grains that we tinue to lay but will make only thin hnve become accustomed to using with shelled eggs. «ur lower grades of hav. Pullets Must Be Given Well- Balanced Ration. — Fattening of Poultry for Holiday Markets Good Bulls Are Needed to Replace All Scrubs Changing Litter Often Gives Healthy Results Selection of Feeds for Ration for Dairy Cow Ultra Violet Rays TIMES, WILLAMINA, OREGON HUVE STOCK® SHEEP REQUIRE MORE ROUGHAGE Straw, Corn Stover, Winter Pasture, Silage Help. fluggestlons to sheep men for pro viding roughage for their stock by buying only a minimum amount of hay, are given by L. A. Kauffman, sheep specialist for the Ohio State uni versity. Sheep require more roughage than grain, and roughage Is necessary to prevent serious digestive disorders, he says. The short hay crop makes nec essary the use of straw, corn stover, winter pasture and silage more than Is normally recommended. AU of these feeds may be used, be advises, but due to their character and effects some laxative, hlgh-proteln supplement such as linseed cake must be supplied. Pasturing standing corn or stalk fields, when such are available, also will reduce the amount of hay re quired, Kauffman says. If the corn is to be cut, this is not advisable, be be lieves Better still, he says, is corn silage, when the farmer owna a silo. Silage la a cheap and excellent rough age when supplemented with a small amount of bay and a tittle cottonseed or linseed cake. Three pounds of si lage to one pound of hay is bls rec ommendation. Where grass has failed, rye may be sown In stubble to provide late tall and early spring grazing. Rye also may be sown tn corn. Oats. too. may be used as an emergency hay crop When cut In the dough stage oats bay has a feeding value equivalent to mixed hay, he says. With onts selling at 25 to 30 cento a bushel to northeastern Ohio, Kauff man suggests to southeastern Ohio sheep men that they buy In carload lots now. Oats Is an excellent grow ing feed for sheep, nnd due to Its bulky character, less roughage must , j be fed with IL . Page 3 Fertilizer Effect Clean Orchards on Quality of Crop Discourage Bugs The Fruit Grower May Save Higher Yields and Better Product Result. Himself Much Trouble At the Michigan Agricultural ex by Fall Spraying. Harvest time Is the best time In the year to diagnose the reason for cull apples and the prevalence of disease In the orchard. "By examining the cull apples the producer finds various troubles,” says H. It. Nlswonger, extension horticul turist at the North Carolina State col lege. "He will And some of the fruit spotted with San Jose scale; other apples have worm holes in the side caused by the codling moth with late rots developing about the areas, and apple scab and blotch added a number to the cull pile. Much of this trouble may be reduced by starting a clean up method of attack. Give the or chard a thorough spraying this fall with either lime-sulphur or oil sprays, and those trees which are badly in fested with San Jose scale need an- other spraying next spring. Examine each tree for disease areas and cut out the diseased portions and burn them. Mummified fruits should be re moved and destroyed. These will spread bitter rot during the next sea son if allowed to remain on the tree." Especially Is a clean-up practice needed for the control of the codling moth. The pest was most abundant this season near the packing sheds and storage places. Late rots developed most at such points also. The packing house, piles of cull apples, old baskets and old boxes provide fine places for the codling moth to pass the winter. Mr. Nlswonger says that from one packing bouse which had been care fully screened, 5,500 moths were caught at one window. He recommands that the houses be thoroughly cleaned and screened if possible. He also suggests that all the refuse about the packing house he raked up and burned. There are usu ally some stray trees about the orchard that are worthless. If these are not worth spraying they should be pulled out and burned, Some of the more successful orchardists also scrape off the loose bark from the apple trees and burn thia. periment station studies of the effect ■ of fertilizer on the quality of lettuce, spinach, radishes, beets and tomatoes show that the correction of mineral deficiencies In the soils resulted in 1 crops of larger yields. Improved qual- 1 tty and better keeping qualities. An excellent illustration of the ef fect of good cultural operations and liberal fertilizer applications upon the quality of the tomato crop Is offered by the work of the Ten Ton Plus To- , mato clubs of Indiana. The alms of these clubs are to secure more profit able yields and better quality for the packers. The farmer who Joins the I club agrees to follow certain recog nized good cultural practices among which 4s the use of 500 pounds of a I 2-12-6 fertilizer per acre or its equiv alent During the past five years over 3,000 members have belonged to these ' clubs and their average yields have been practically double that of non members of the same community. That these higher yields result also in Improved quality is shown by the entbusisatic support which the can- । nera give to this work. One canner re- ' ported in 1928 that over 78 per cent of the tomatoes delivered by Ten Ton club members were graded U. S. No. 1. Sweet cîôvêrCrôppïng Can Be Done Too Often The cropping system In which sweet elover may be used as a green manure should include it only about once in I three or four years, says M. F. Miller, . chairman of the soils department of the Missouri college of agriculture. As i matter of fact it is actually possible to get too much nitrogen In the soil by turning the crop under too often. In such cases the soil becomes unbal anced and often the corn tends to fall । down Just as small grains tend to fall under similar circumstances. A capping system including one or two years of corn, followed by oatv and the oats by wheat tn which the sweet clover is seeded, is a pretty good one where both oats and wheat are satisfactory crops. In such a cropping system no legume hay Is provided for animals so that It la nec essary to set apart a special tract of The most common cause of a tractor ground for alfalfa for hay or to have repeatedly burning out the valves Is a second rotation on the farm in which that they are set with .oo close a legume hay is provided. Farmers In clearance, so that when the valves be terested in this crop as a green ma come hot and expand the valve is held nure will do well to consider the whole up a trifle and lets the flame blow matter carefully both from the stand through. There should be a space of point of getting a stand of sweet clo .020 inch between the valve stem and ver and from the standpoint of the the push rod at Its lowest point If cropping system best adapted to their your mechanic has been adjusting conditions. closer than .020 Inch, this may be the cause of the trouble. Running with too late a spark or with too rich a mixture may cause the valves to burn, hut these troubles will usually cause the tractor to overheat When a ton of protein supplement badly. Using too lean a mixture also Is fed to cattle as much as half of is likely to burn the valves, and this the value Is often passed on to ma may not always show by the engine nure tn the form of nitrogen potash, everheating. Where all the valves and phosphoric acid when these fer burn, it would almost have to be one tilizers are figured at commercial of the above causes. prices. In order to realize full re turn from such feeds every pound of residue must be conserved if possible. Careful use of manure necessitates dally hauling to the fields, or safe Examine the wheat bins carefully storage in a special pit or shed. Carefully conducted studies at va before laying in a large supply of feed. Sometimes boards become warped rious experiment stations have ‘proved and cracked and it does not take much that Increased crops, as a result of of a crack to permit wheat to trickle its application, give manure a value through. Make the bins as proof of from $2 to as high as $7 a ton. At against rats, mice and sparrows as the Tennessee experiment station two possible. The amount of good grain 20-year series of experiments on fer that these pests take in a year would tile upland soil and rich bottom land proved that manure resulted In crop help many a poultryman to take a increases of $2.25 and $2.12 a ton re fine vacation and buy a new radio. Sometimes a few sheets of galvan spectively. On poor soil, over a 10- ized iron such as Is used for metal year period, manure was worth $7 a ton in improved crop yields. roofs, can be nailed Inside of wooden wheat bins to help keep out the mice. A poultry farm Is the most apt to be come Infested with rats and mice if breeding and hiding places are pro vided. There Is more or less feed on The New Jersey agricultural experi the place at all seasons of the yenr ment station has found that the trade and feed bought In large quantities prefers short and stocky sweet pota must be stored for long periods. toes rather than those of long and lean shape. As a result of extensive ferti lizer experiments it has been shown that the stocky shaped potatoes can not be grown unless there is a good supply of potash In the fertilizer In Good seed costs money. Be ready relation to the amount of nitrogen. By means of carefully controlled green to pay for the quality you demand. ess house experiments the reasons for the Quality products are profltable be effect of the fertilizer treatments were cause they satisfy customers and get worked ouL It was shown that the repeat orders. stocky-shaped potatoes were higher tn ess protein nitrogen than the long lean- When Insufficient Heavy city traffic is favoring farm shaped potatoes. ers’ roadside markets, at the expense potash was available for tiw plants they were unable to synthesise suffi of municipal produce markets. • • • cient protein to form the thl. k lay Fruit trees of all kinds are sub ers of cells necessary to giva the jected more or less to serious injury stocky shaped potato. Similar erfects each year by rabbits and field mice, of fertilizers on the shape of Irish po particularly during the fall and win tatoes hnve been shown by other In- vestlcntn»^ ter seasons. Comparisons of Summer Tractor Valves Burned and Winter Rations Out Because of Defect An Interesting deduction from the self-feeding experiment in West Vir ginia Is that heifers that make gains above aormal In winter will make gains below normal the following sum- mer on pasture. In four comparisons yf three groups of heifers—one group for two pasture seasons—that were «elf-fed grain and given free access to ronghage. the average winter gain was 316.5 pounds per head, whereas the same heifers gained only 85.2 pounds on pasture. No grain was fed >n pasture. Similar heifers, nnnd-fed, averaged 154 pounds per head for the winter feeding periods and 100 pounds per head for the pasture season. No grain wns fed on pasture. It should be remembered, however, that the hand-fed groups were well fed. It would be a mistake to deduce from these figures that poor winter feeding will be overtaken on good pasture. If a calf is ’stunted by poor winter rations, It cannot make as good use yf pasture as the more vigorous, well fed calf. Satisfactory Remedy for Vermin on Cattle (By W. H. PETERS. Montana Experi ment Station.) A mixture of half powdered saba dilla seed and one-half sulphur sprin kled along the back and over the neck of the animal Is a fairly satisfactory remedy for lice on cattle in the winter months. This powder need be sprin kled only lightly into the hair and It does not take very much to treat one animal. One-eighth of a pound of sabadilla seed and one-eighth of a pound flower of sulphur would be sufficient for treat ing one animal two or three times. It Is best to sprinkle an animal infested with lice once every four to six weeks through the winter months to keep the lice down. Ground Wheat for Live Stock Is Satisfactory Advisability of feeding wheat to live Stock Is a question which often con fronts live stock feeders when the prices of corn nnd wheat are close to gether. E. T. Robhlns, extension spe cialist at the Illinois experiment sta tion, reports that coarsely ground wheat Is worth as much or more as the same weight of shelled corn for hogs. When wheat Is 75 cents a bush el and can be ground for 5 cents or less. It will pay to feed wheat Instead of 75-cent corn. Cheaper corn, how ever, would likely be a more economi cal feed. Ground wheaL according to Mr. Robhlns, has about the sntne value for other stock as for hogs. Careful Use of Manure Means Daily Hauling Repair Feed Bins to Guard Against Pests Market Prefers Short and Stocky Potatoes
