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About The North Coast times-eagle. (Wheeler, Oregon) 1971-2007 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 13, 1981)
P a g e 4 T H E N O R T H C O A S T T IM E S E A G L E . F R ID A Y , 13 N O V E M B E R 1981 «rO jt O jgrO irO » O » O j®rO THE PUBLIC 1EP0RT W-5 S?L » O jgr3 » O R e c e i v i n g in th e m a i l t h e l a s t i s s u e o f T r a c t , a j o u r n a l p u b l i s h e d in E n g l a n d ( t h r e e t i m e s a y e a r ) w h ic h w e h a v e q u o t e d w ith r e l i s h , w e t a k e t h i s o c c a s i o n to p a y o u r r e s p e c t s . T r a c t w a s t h e c r e a t i o n of P e t e r A b b s, an E n g lis h te a c h e r w ho b e c a m e i t s e d i t o r a n d p u b l i s h e r . T h e e n t e r —* p ris e h ad a so m e w h a t h e ro ic c h a ra c te r a n d s h o u ld be r e m e m b e r e d a s s u c h — a n d m in e d a s s u c h .T h e f i r s t is s u e c a m e e o u t in O c to b e r , 1 9 7 1 , a n d M r . A b b s n o w q u o t e s f r o m i t in th e l a s t : " W h e t h e r w e a r e d i r e c t l y i n v o l v e d in e d u c a tio n o r n o t, th e p r e s s u r e s of c o n t e m p o r a r y life a r e s o r e l e n t l e s s th a t w e a r e a l l l i a b l e to o v e r l o o k th e n e e d fo r fu n d a m e n ta l v a lu e s an d a im s . A s a r e s u l t w e fin d e v e r y w h e r e a te n d e n c y to p la c e m e a n s b e f o r e e n d s , m e th o d s b e fo re p u r p o s e ,te c h n iq u e s b e fo re c o n t e n t . T r a c t i s o p p o s e d to t h i s t e n d e n c y . " T e n y e a r s of c a r r y i n g o u t th is p o lic y m a k e s a n o ta b le s u r v iv a l r e c o r d . T h a t v e d th e j o u r n a l f r o m b e c o m i n g t e m p o r T r a c t w a s a b l e to l a s t s o l o n g b e s p e a k s a r y fo d d e r f o r th e m e tr o p o lita n fa s h io n t h e c o u r a g e a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f th e m a c h i n e , b u t a t th e s a m e t i m e , i t m a d e p u b l i s h e r a n d th e l o y a l t y o f t h e r e a d e r s u s f e e l w e w e r e g r a p p l i n g w ith fo g a n d s u p p o r t e r s . D u rin g th a t tim e it s p r e a d r a t h e r th a n ta n g ib le a c tu a litie s — an d th e s e e d o f lik e e n t e r p r i s e s — h o w e v e r it a ls o e ffe c tiv e ly p re v e n te d us f ro m u n tr a c e a b le — a n d it g a v e h e lp a n d e n fin d in g a n a u d ie n c e . I n te lle c tu a l life h a s c o u r a g e m e n t t o o t h e r s d o in g s i m i l a r b e c o m e u n r e a l in E n g l a n d . T h e r e s e e m s w o r k a r o u n d th e w o r l d . ( S in c e th e l a s t to b e a g e n e r a l d i s s o c i a t i o n w h ic h u n d e r te n b a c k is s u e s a r e a v a ila b le a t a pound m i n e s th e l i f e o f th e e n g a g e d i m a g i n a t i o n e a c h , w e g iv e t h e a d d r e s s : T h e G r y p h o n a n d o f th e c o m m i t t e d i n t e l l e c t . W r i t in g P r e s s , 38 P r i n c e E d w a r d s R o a d , L e w e s , in E n g l a n d i s l i k e h a v in g a r e l a t i o n s h i p S u s s e x , U .K .) w ith a p e r s o n w h o , w h e n c h a l l e n g e d , In h i s v a l e d i c t o r y M r . A b b s s a y s : c o n s ta n tly d is a p p e a r s . T he m e d io c rity " L o o k in g b a c k w e c a n s a y th a t o u r o f o u r c u l t u r e h a s m u c h to d o w ith th e p u r p o s e s h a v e r e m a in e d f a ir ly c o n s ta n t. e x is te n tia l u n r e a lity of o u r in s titu tio n s W e h a v e a t t e m p t e d to e s t a b l i s h a c o m a n d o u r s p lit- o f f p riv a te liv e s . T h e p r o b p re h e n s iv e c r i t ic is m of o u r c iv iliz a tio n l e m s a r e t h e r e , b u t t h e r e s e e m s t o be a n d to h a v e h i n t e d a t a n e m e r g i n g m o r e n o c o n t e x t in w h ic h t h e y c a n be p r o d u c g e n e r o u s e p i s t e m o l o g y in w h ic h th e tiv e ly e n c o u n te re d , c h a lle n g e d , q u e s tio n fe e lin g a n d im a g in a tio n a r e in c lu d e d a s e d , th o u g h t t h r o u g h , r e s o l v e d a n d t r a n s m u ch as r e a s o n and e x p e rim e n ta tio n . c e n d e d . We h a v e m o n o lith ic c o n tr o llin g In d e v e l o p i n g o u r c r i t i q u e o f i n d u s t r i a l in s titu tio n s a n d o p aq u e p riv a te liv e s . c u l t u r e a n d in e l a b o r a t i n g t h e p a t t e r n "O n a n y r e a l i s t c r i t e r i a T r a c t h a s of a d e e p e r a n d b r o a d e r p h ilo s o p h y , w e f a i l e d . W e h a v e n o t e n t e r e d a p u b lic h a v e r a n g e d w i d e ly .W e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d w o r l d o f d i s c o u r s e . G iv e n o u r c i v i l i z a a r c h ite c tu r e ,a r t,s c ie n c e ,e c o lo g y , m a s s - tio n , g iv e n o u r p r e m i s e s , g iv e n o u r r e c u lt u r e , a n th r o p o lo g y , m y th o lo g y , p s y s o u r c e s , i t c o u ld n o t h a v e b e e n o t h e r c h o th e r a p y , l i t e r a t u r e , p h ilo s o p h y , e d u w is e . T h e r e c o u ld n o t h a v e b e e n a n o th e r c a t i o n . T h r o u g h th e f r a g m e n t s o f o u r n a r r a t i v e ." a g e , t h r o u g h th e b e w i l d e r i n g s p e c i a l W e ll, i f M r . A b b a w i l l f o r g i v e th e a l l u i z a t i o n o f s u b j e c t m a t t e r , t h r o u g h th e s io n , th is is h is v e r s io n of " P ro m e th e u s d iv is io n s o f o u r o w n p a in fu l e x p e r ie n c e , B o u n d ." Z e u s n e v e r g i v e s in . H is h i r e w e h a v e l o o k e d f o r a c o m m o n t h r e a d in l i n g s h a v e n o e a r s . H e o w n s th e b a l l o r d e r to w e a v e a u n i f i e d f a b r i c . A t t i m e s : p a r k a n d h i s m i n i o n s c a l l th e s h o t s . l t w e h a v e h a d to a t t a c k r a t h e r t h a n c r e a t e . : i s th e h u m a n s i t u a t i o n a s k n o w n to S i s y Y et o u r tre n c h a n t c r itic is m of c u rr e n t p h u s a s r e a d by A lb e rt C a m u s. o r t h o d o x i e s — th e v i s i o n l e s s o r t h o d o x B u t w h a t if th e b r e a d a p a p e r l ik e i e s o f t h e m o d i s h a r t w o r l d , th e m e c h T r a c t c a s t s u p o n th e w a t e r s d o e s i n d e e d a n i c a l g o b b l e d y g o o k o f th e e d u c a t i o n a l c o m e b a c k a h u n d r e d f o l d , e v e n th o u g h e s t a b l i s h m e n t , th e c e n t r a l i z e d ty ra n n y th e in flu e n c e o f a T r a c t c a n n o t b e t r a c k of m a s s -c u ltu re — has n e v e r been e d ? T h e f lo w o f i d e a s f r o m m in d to m in d m e r e ly ic o n o c la s tic . T he c r itic is m h as l e a v e s n o m a r k s f o r s t a t i s t i c i a n s to a l w a y s c o m e f r o m a p e r s p e c t i v e , a lw a y s t c o m p i l e . W ho k n o w s th e d y n a m i c s o f th e b e e n in f o r m e d by a n o tio n of r e m e d y g a s e s an d m o lte n s o lid s th a t one d ay a n d p o s s ib le r e n e w a l." e r u p t in a l a v a f lo w ? A n d w h o c a n e x T h e n th e e d i t o r s a y s : p la in w h a t m u ltip le in flu e n c e s c a u s e d a " It is s ig n if ic a n t th a t n o t o n e of o u r G a n d h i to b e g in h is b e n e f ic e n t e r u p tio n c h a lle n g e s w a s ta k e n u p . T h is p r e s e r - in S o u th A f r i c a t o w a r d th e e n d o f th e jj O B u t t h e r e w a s a n o t h e r s i d e to O r w e l l , p e r h a p s th e e a r l i e r O r w e l l , w h ic h s h o u l d n o t b e f o r g o t t e n . W h ile p l a n n i n g h i s i n t r o d u c t i o n to a n e d i t i o n o f O r w e l l 's " H o m a g e to C a t a l o n i a , " L i o n e l T r i l l i n g e x c h a n g e d b ib lio g ra p h ic a l in fo rm a tio n w ith a s t u d e n t , w h o t h e n s a i d to h i s t e a c h e r , " s u d d e n l y in a v e r y s i m p l e a n d m a t t e r o f f a c t w a y , 'H e w a s a v i r t u o u s m a n '. " T h e tw o t a l k e d a b o u t t h i s f e e l i n g a b o u t O r w e l l , w h ic h t h e y s h a r e d . In h i s i n t r o d u c t i o n , T r i l l i n g r e l a t e d : " W e w e r e g l a d to s a y i t a b o u t a n y b o d y . O n e d o e s n 't h a v e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y v e r y o f te n . N o t t h a t t h e r e a r e n o t m a n y m e n w ho a r e g o o d , b u t th e r e a r e few m e n w h o , in a d d i t i o n to b e in g g o o d , h a v e th e s im p lic ity a n d s tu r d i n e s s an d a c t i v i t y w h ic h a l l o w u s to s a y o f t h e m th a t th e y a r e v ir tu o u s m e n , f o r s o m e h o w to s a y t h a t a m a n 'i s g o o d ,' o r e v e n to s p e a k o f a m a n w h o 'i s v i r t u o u s ' is n o t q u ite th e s a m e th in g a s s a y in g n in e te e n th c e n tu r y ? He w a s a v e r y g r e a t 'H e i s a v i r t u o u s m a n . ' B y s o m e q u i r k m a n , b u t h e d i d n 't d o i t a l l a l o n e . A ll g o o d o f th e s p i r i t o f th e l a n g u a g e , th e f o r m m e n , a ll s e r io u s th in k e r s , a ll th o u g h t o f t h a t s e n t e n c e b r i n g s o u t th e p r i m i t i v e f u l c r i t i c s , a d d t h e i r d e p o s i t o f i d e a s to m e a n i n g o f th e w o r d v i r t u o u s , w h ic h i s th e a x ia l c u r r e n t s th a t w ill s o m e d a y n o t m e r e ly m o r a l g o o d n e s s, but a ls o t u r n in to a x e s o f c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . T o m f o r t i t u d e a n d s t r e n g t h in g o o d n e s s . P a in e w a s a n E n g lis h m a n — l a t e r a c i t i " O r w e ll, by r e a s o n of th e q u a lity z e n of th e w o rld — a n d h e b e c a m e an a x i s o f c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n in A m e r i c a . B l a k e , th a t p e r m its u s to s a y of h im th a t he a n o t h e r E n g l i s h m a n , p e r f o r m e d in th e w a s a v i r t u o u s m a n , i s a f i g u r e in o u r l i v e s . H e w a s n o t a g e n u iu s , a n d th is is s a m e w ay a t a n o th e r le v e l. T he f r u it of o n e o f th e r e m a r k a b l e th in g s a b o u th im .' d o in g w h a t y o u t h in k — p r a c t i c a l l y k n o w — i s r i g h t i s in m o s t c a s e s i n v i s i b l e , O r w e l l , T r i l l i n g c o n c l u d e d , " t o l d th e b u t it is n o t e p h e m e r a l , a n d m e n lik e t r u t h , a n d t o l d i t in a n e x e m p l a r y w a y , P e t e r A b b s a r e a b l e to d e c l a r e to t h e m q u i e t l y , s i m p l y , w i t h d u e w a r n i n g to s e l v e s t h a t , e v e n if th e y c a n 't s e e i t s th e r e a d e r t h a t i t w a s o n ly o n e m a n 's r e s u l t s , th e w o r k m u s t b e d o n e . tr u th ." T h e r e a r e lo ts of a p h o r is tic w a y s of In c o n t r a s t , S a v a g e s a y s : s a y in g th is — f o r tu n a te ly , s in c e it n e e d s " In e v a lu a tin g O r w e ll o n e m u s t ta k e to b e r e p e a t e d a g a i n a n d a g a i n . H e c o n i n t o a c c o u n t t h a t h e b e l o n g e d to t h a t c lu d e s h is e d ito r ia l: p e c u lia r ly d a m a g e d g e n e ra tio n of w r ite r s " Y e t w ith a l l th e l i m i t a t i o n s o f o u r ( G r e e n e , W a u g h , I s h e r w o o d , e t c .) w h o in o w n t h in k i n g a n d w r i t i n g , w e b e l i e v e th e ir te n d e r a d o le s c e n c e w e re sh o c k e d t h a t w e h a v e n o t b e e n f a r w r o n g in o u r to th e c o r e b y t h e t e r r o r s a n d h o r r o r s c o m m o n e m p h a s is ; th a t w e w e re r ig h t o f th e G r e a t W a r , a n d w h o in m a i m e d to f o s t e r a m o r e e x p a n s iv e e p i s t e m o l y o u th a n d e a r l y m a n h o o d h a d s o m e h o w o g y , r i g h t to q u e s t i o n th e p r o v i n c i a l i s m c o m e t o t e r m s w ith th e c o l l a p s e o f o f m e tr o p o lita n " in t e ll e c t u a l" life , v a l u e s o f p o s t - W a r E u r o p e , f o r w h ic h r i g h t to a t t a c k th e m a n i p u l a t i n g s y m - ' t h e i r u p b r i n g i n g h a d in n o w a y p r e p a r b o l i s m o f m a s s c u l t u r e , r i g h t to e m p a - e d th e m . T h e in h ib itio n of t h e i r g ro w th s i z e w h o l e n e s s o f h u m a n l i f e a n d to in to n o r m a l , r e s p o n s i b le m a t u r i t y le ft c e l e b r a t e t h e i n w a r d d i m e n s i o n o f b e in g . t h e m o p e n in th e f i r s t p l a c e to i n t e l l e c P e r h a p s th e s i m p l e s t w a y of s t a t i n g tu a l v ic tim iz a tio n by u n d ig e s te d , s c h e o u r c a s e i s to s a y t h a t w e h a v e a t t e m p t m a tic p s e u d o -r e lig io u s o r p s e u d o -p o li e d to r e p r e s e n t a c e r t a i n k in d o f i n t e l tic a l c r e e d s , e v e n tu a lly d is c a r d e d . . . . l i g e n c e w h ic h i s in d a n g e r o f d y in g o u t. A s n o v e l i s t s t h e y a r e a b l e to i d e n t i f y H o w c o u ld i t b e s t b e d e s c r i b e d ? A s a n s y m p a t h e t i c a l l y w i t h o n ly o n e ty p e o f i n t e l l i g e n c e w h ic h i s , a t o n c e , p a s s i o n c h a r a c t e r , th e r o o t l e s s , d i s o r i e n t e d m a l e a te an d d is c e r n in g ; an in te llig e n c e d r if tin g m is e r a b l y , o r jo c o s e ly th ro u g h w h ic h g r a v i t a t e s a l w a y s t o w a r d c o h e r a w re tc h e d ly lo v e le s s an d m e a n in g le s s e n t p r i n c i p l e s a n d w h ic h i s h i s t o r i c a l l y w o r l d : t h a t i s to s a y , w ith e n d l e s s v e r a w a k e ; a n i n t e l l i g e n c e w h ic h i s r a d i c a l s io n s o f t h e i r u n d e v e lo p e d s e lv e s p r o in t h a t i t s e e k s to p e n e t r a t e th e m o d i s h j e c t e d in f i c t i o n a l f o r m . . . . " a n d f a s h i o n a b l e c u l t s w h ic h s u r r o u n d S a v a g e s e e m s p r e s u m p tu o u s , b u t he i t , r a d i c a l a l s o in th e s e n s e t h a t it i s o b l i g e s s e r i o u s c o n s i d e r a t i o n . H is c a s e r e a d y to g o b a c k to t e s t e d s o u r c e s s o a g a in s t O rw e ll is p e r c e p tiv e ly a r g u e d . th a t its e n e r g ie s c a n be r e p le n is h e d W ho, t h e n , i s " r i g h t " ? T r i l l i n g o r S a v an d its in s ig h ts h o n ed . A bove a ll, su c h a g e ? R e a d i n g b o th o f t h e m h e l p s to th e i n t e l l i g e n c e i s th e v e r y r e v e r s e o f c o n c lu s io n th a t th is is n o t a v e r y u s e c l e v e r n e s s , o f k n o w in g a b o u t; i t is n o t fu l q u e s tio n . s c h o la r s h i p ; it is n o t a body of s k ills A m a jo r c o n trib u tio n of T r a c t h a s o r a b o d y of k n o w le d g e ; it is n o t m e a s b e e n i t s s t i m u l u s to s u c h r e f l e c t i o n s . u r e d by a l i s t of q u a lif ic a tio n s o r a l i s t o f p u b l i c a t i o n s . It i s o n ly w h e r e i t T he o b itu a ry of T r a c t h a s b e e n r e e x i s t s a s a n e n e r g y in i n d i v i d u a l l i f e , p r i n t e d f r o m M A N A S , w h ic h i s i t s e l f , d e s i r i n g c i r c u m f e r e n c e , th e p s y c h e a t c o n tin u a lly f in a n c ia lly d e p riv e d . F o r t e n d i n g in o r d e r to i n c r e a s e i t s ow n t h o s e w h o a r e u n f a m i l i a r w ith M A N U S , d o m a i n , b e in g b e c o m i n g . O f c o u r s e , w e i t i s , by i t s o w n v ie w , " a j o u r n a l o f i n h a v e f a i l e d to a l w a y s e m b o d y s u c h d e p e n d e n t i n q u i r y , c o n c e r n e d w ith th e a c t s of p a s s i o n a t e i n t e l l i g e n c e . Y e t it s t u d y o f th e p r i n c i p l e s w h ic h m o v e w o r l d h a s b e e n o u r a i m to r e p r e s e n t s u c h s o c i e t y on i t s p r e s e n t c o u r s e , a n d w ith r a d ic a l in te llig e n c e ." s e a r c h fo r c o n tr a s tin g p rin c ip le s — We h a v e a n o te o n l i t e r a r y c r i t i c i s m t h a t m a y be c a p a b le of s u p p o rtin g i n te l to a d d . T h e c l o s i n g a r t i c l e in th e f i n a l l i g e n t i d e a l i s m u n d e r th e c o n d i t i o n s o f i s s u e of T r a c t is " T h e C a s e A g a in s t l i f e in th e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y . T h e w o r d G e o r g e O r w e l l " b y D .S . S a v a g e , a s k i l l " m a n a s " is fro m a c o m m o n ro o t f u l r e d r e s s e r of b a l a n c e s . T h e d i s c u s s u g g e s t i n g " m a n " o r " th e t h i n k e r . " s i o n is s e a r c h i n g a n d v a l u a b l e , e v e n i f M A N A S is i s s u e d w e e k l y ( e x c e p t d u r i n g th e c r i t i c i s m s e e m s m e r c i l e s s . T he J u l y a n d A u g u s t ) a t $ 1 0 a y e a r , by th e r e a d e r i s l i k e l y to u n d e r s t a n d b e t t e r M A N A S P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y , P .O . B o x w hy r e a d in g " 1 9 8 4 " m a d e h im s o u n 32112, L o s A n g e le s, C a lif o r n ia 9 0 0 3 2 . c o m f o r ta b le . A c tu a lly , no h u m a n is a d m i r a b l e in t h a t b o o k . O r w e l l s e e m s to c e l e b r a t e th e t o t a l d i s g r a c e o f m a n k i n d . T h is i s n o t " r e a l i s m " b u t d e f e a t , a s M r. S av ag e m a k e s c l e a r . He c o n c lu d W IN T E R P L A Y e s h is re v ie w : " T h e c a s e o f O r w e l l is c o m p l i c a t e d K L O O C H Y W O M E N 'S T H E A T E R ^ b o th b y h i s w e a r i n g o f th e m a s k of th e F i r s t M e e tin g S u n d ay n o - n o n s e n s e c o m m o n m a n , a n d b y th e N o v . 15, 8 P .M . c o n v e r g e n c e o f h is ow n f e a r s a n d f a n B I L L 'S T A V E R N t a s i e s w ith th e g e n e r a l m o o d o f th e CANNON BEA CH t i m e s . A s a o n e - e y e d m a n in th e c o u n t r y o f th e b l in d h e w a s e l e v a t e d to a p o s i C a l l H e le n P a t t i , 4 3 6 - 1 ¿bb t i o n o f s h a k y e m i n e n c e f r o m w h ic h , w ith a c h an g e of c ir c u m s ta n c e an d m o o d , he i s b o u n d to b e d i s l o d g e d . " H ail & Farewell from MANUS A LESSON IN POLICY T h e m u r d e r of A n w a r S a d a t, P r e s i d e n t c e p t by " r e s p o n s ib le " p o lic y - m a k e r s . o f E g y p t, by o n e o f h is s o ld i e r s c a n h a r d ly A nd th is , a t a n y r a t e , is h o w we e x p la in b e r e g a r d e d c a s u a l l y a s o n e m o r e in a o u r o w n m i l i t a r y e n t e r p r i s e s to th e s e r i e s o f a s s a s s i n a t i o n s o r k i l l i n g s w h ic h y o u n g m e n w e d r a f t in to th e a r m e d f o r k e e p o n o c c u r r i n g — a n d w h ic h , h o w e v e r c e s : K i l li n g i s a l l r i g h t i f th e n a t i o n d e r e l u c t a n t l y , w e h a v e c o m e to e x p e c t . S a c l a r e s it n e c e s s a r y . d a t w as a m a n on w hom a g r e a t m any B u t n o w th e d o c t r i n e i s s p r e a d i n g , p e o p l e in t h e w o r l d p i n n e d v a g u e h o p e s . a n d b e in g a p p l i e d b y " i r r e s p o n s i b l e " i n H e s e e m e d to h a v e m a d e a n h o n e s t a t d i v i d u a l s a n d g r o u p s . T h e s e p e o p le a r e t e m p t t o b r i n g p e a c e — o r th e b e g i n n i n g s s a y in g , "M y p r in c ip le s a r e b e t t e r th a n o f p e a c e — to th e M id d le E a s t e r n r e g i o n y o u r s , a n d i f y o u d o n 't a d o p t m y p r i n c i w h ic h h a s b e e n to r n by a lm o s t c o n tin p l e s I 'l l k i l l y o u . T h e y a l s o a r g u e t h a t u o u s v io le n c e fo r g e n e r a tio n s . H e r i s k t h i s i s a w a y o f t e a c h i n g th e w o r l d th e e d m u c h — e v e n h is lif e , w e now m u s t im p o rta n c e of th e ir p r in c ip le s . s a y — in m a k i n g t h i s a t t e m p t , a n d h is Y ou c o u l d e v e n s a y t h a t a n a s s a s s i n p o l i t i c a l e n e m i e s c h o s e to e l i m i n a t e is a f r e e la n c e "h a w k " w ho f e e ls f r e e h im . to d o w h a t v a r i o u s g o v e r n m e n t s a r e T h e " c iv iliz e d w o rld " is s h o c k e d an d d o in g o n a l a r g e r , m o r e " c o n t r o l l e d " s a d d e n e d . W h e re d o e s th is b a r b a r o u s s c a le . A fte r a ll, a s s a s s in s a r e n o t id e n l o g i c — i f y o u d i s a g r e e w ith a l e a d e r ' s tif ie d a s a s s a s s i n s w h en th e y h a v e b e p o l i c i e s , k ill h im — c o m e f r o m ? A nd h i n d t h e m th e f o r m a l d e c i s i o n o f a l e g i s - w h a t s o r t o f h u m a n s w o u ld c l a i m " c r e d i t " la tu re . fo r su ch a c rim e ? F o r fifty y e a r s o r s o , w e h a v e e x p la i n T h e W e s t e r n n a t i o n s — th e s h a p e r s o f e d to th e w o r l d t h a t th e o f f e n s e s o f l e s s w h a t we c a ll o u r c iv iliz a tio n — have c i v i l i z e d p e o p le r e q u i r e u s to u s e o u r n e v e r r e j e c t e d v i o l e n c e o r w a r , b u t th e y f o rm of c o n tr o lle d , te c h n o lo g ic a l v io h a v e m a in ta in e d th a t th e u s e of v io le n c e l e n c e to b r i n g o r d e r a n d d e c e n c y to i n a s a to o l of s t a t e c r a f t m u s t be c o n t r o l t e r n a t i o n a l a f f a i r s . W e ll, th e l e s s o n h a s l e d . W a r , a s V on C l a u s e w i t z p u t i t , i s b e e n l e a r n e d . V i o l e n c e h a s b e c o m e th e ¿ h e c o n tin u a tio n of p o lic y by o t h e r m e a n s . o r d e r o f t h e d a y , a n d n o w i t is o u t o f >Thi» r * e m s a w a y o f s a y i n g t h a t v i o l e n c e « c o n tro l. is a t o o l t h a t m u s t n o t b e e x e r c i z e d e x — MANUS
