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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (March 1, 1885)
THE WEST SHORE. 6? population apnroximatiug 100, and contains a uniuu doxt hotel, several stores, etc Soatoo is a Btation on the Northern Pacific, where the Territorial Ponitontiary is located. Au iiuiueuse sash and door factory, supplied with the latest and best maohinory, has just been estab lished there, the intention being to employ convict labor. Yelra is another station on the Northern Paoifio, whore two stores, saloon and a blacksmith shop are located. This is the shipping point for Yelni Prairio, ono of the noted agricultural regions of the Sound. Sovon milos southeast of Tenino are tho Cherry Hill Coal Minos, owned by J. W. Sprague and It Wingato, who are the chief stockholders in the 0. & C. V. R. R This road will be extended to the minos the coming spring, and ooal will be conveyed to Olympia for shipment The coal is of a superior quality, and these gontlemen have ainplo capital. Their railroad pays a largor porcontago on its cost than any other in this region, and the extension will give it still greater profits. It is evident that Thurston muHt in the coining years increase largely in population and wealth, since she has land for the homesteader, timbor and water xwer for the manufacturer, and a good soajHjrt town from which her products may be shipped to the world's markets. BLACK WALNUT CULTURE. AT a meeting of the Indiana State Board of Agricul ture, Mr. W. H. Ilagan road a paper on black wal nut in which he gave the following directions for planting and cultivating: Prepare your ground by breaking and harrowing in the fall. Furrow it off each way as you would for corn, except that the rows should be alxmt seven feet apart Take the nut fresh from the troos it is not necessary that they should be hullod placing two nuts in each crossing. This is to ensure gotting a good stand. The nuts should be ooverod very shallow, just enough earth to hide tliera. In the spring the land should be furrowed oil midway between tho rows of nuts, and the spaces planted with oorn or potatoes. Cultivate as you would a crop of corn, by cross plowing, being careful to give the young troos a fair chance and good, cloan culture. The second spring thin out your plants to one tree to the hill. If thore are spaces entirely miss ing, thoy may be filled by transplanting from the hills containing duplicates. The second, and perhaps tho third, year it will pay to cultivate oorn botwoon the rows, after which the trees should be regularly cultivated until thoy fully occupy the ground, so as to keep down by their shade all weeds and grass.- The period at which cultiva tion may be discontinued cannot be definitely stated, as much will dopond upon the character of the seasons and quality of the soil. Of course, seven foot each way will be too close for pormnnont trees; but as they will protect each other when small, and make much better growth, it is preferable to have thoin closely planted. Whon they begin to grow, the alternate tree in each row may bo re moved. The tree thus removed will be of sufficient size to be useful in various ways on the farm. A second thinning will, in a few years, be necessary. STEPTOE AND WRIGHT'S CAMPAIGNS. 1ROM the fall of 1855 to tho summer of 1856 an Iudian war raged along the Columbia Rivor. The disaf fected tribes oouttinUnl ut Hie Yakima, KliukiluU, Du Chutes, Walla Wallas, Palousos, Spokaues, and portions of tho Cayuses, Ceour d'Alonos and others, not all of which engagod in active hostilities. Those tribes could have put in tho Sold from three to four thousand war riors, and had thoy combined in fact, as was then foarod and bolioved by the pooplo, the ooiiHoquoncos would havo boon fearful to contemplate As it was, thoir hostility was manifested in spaHinodio and diHoonoortod acts, ohiolly on the defensive against strong bod ins of voluutooni which invadod Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington from the Willamette Valley and Fugot Sound. Gonoral Wool, Commandor-in-Chief of tho Department of tho Paoifio, was not in sympathy with tho hostilo measures of the Territorial authorities, and rofuHod to pormit tho regular troops stationed at Tho Dallos, Vanoouvor and Fort Stoilaooom to participate in these offensive cam paigns, restricting thorn to purely defensive operations, for the purM)so of protecting tho settlements from attack. His reasons for so doing were that the hostilos wore not solely to blame for the condition of affairs; that troatios which they were accused of violating had nover Irnon ratifiod by Congress and wore not yot in effect; and that in tho winter snason a foroo stationed at strategical points was ample protection from invasion of tho settlements by tho disaffected trilos were such action contemplated by them. lie, however, ordored tho Ninth Infantry to tho Columbia, and plaood Colonel Georgo Wright in com mand of all tho regulars in this region, himself remain ing nt department howlqnartors in San Francisco. After the volunteers had maintainod thomsolvos in the Walla Walla country as long as possible, and made in the spring of 185(1 an ineffectual campaign north of Snake River, owing to tho fact that tho Indians retired before them and refused to risk a battle, they returned home and disbanded. Colonel Wright then arranged a cessation of hostilities on tho ground of mutual forgive noss for past conduct, and tho war was apparently over. A Bomblance of peaoo prevailed everywhere. A strong forco of regulars occupied tho Walla Walla country and endeavored, whilo tho treaties wore lming ground through the official mill at Washington, to stand as a bulwark between tho two races, and prevent either from infringing on the rights of tho other. A small saw mill was taken up in tho spring of .1857, and lumber cut for the erection of barracks and officers' quarters, which were built within tho proseut limits of tho city of Walla Walla. In the command of this post was Lieutenant-Colonel E. J. Stop too, tho garrison consisting of several companies of tho Ninth Infantry. Tho Indians were still in a hostilo frame of mind, and the prosonco of the troops in their country was distasteful to them, the feeling extending to and affecting tho ir'Am as far north as tho Spokane. This fooling is revealed in a letter written April 15, 1857, by Father A. IIookon,of tho Flathead Mission, addressed to a brother priest A paragraph of that epistle says: