The west shore., January 01, 1880, Page 24, Image 24

"3-
THE WEST SHORE.
January, 1880.
RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION IN 1879.
The Railway Age haa an article reviewing the
progreu of railway construction during the lait
year. It says that the past yoar has boon an
extraordinary one in reapeot to the revival of
railway buildiug, moro mile of track having
UMtt UklU i.UU 1U HUJr JttMi MlMie lodi, lUiU piub-
ably mora than in that yoar. We quote a fol
lown Tho roturiu, of course, are not yot all
in, hut from various sources of information we
have compiled the following table Knowing the
total mileage constructed in each .State, ao far
as we aro able to loarn, reserving the oppor
tunity to a detailed tatomeut with addition:
li:- ul Niirrow
Arliona
Arkeneaa
Colorado
Dakota
Uoor(la
iiumB
Ill-Hull..
luwn.
Idaho
Kanaaa
Knnlm'ky
Iulelaiis
Milne
Maryland
Maaau-huaolla
Mlclilli
MIl.tliMoUl
Mlaeourl
Nrl.ra.ka
Nevada
Nt-w Jeriov
Nuw Molloo 116
North Carolina
Now York
Now llampahlro
Ohio
Oregon
I'emiivlvanla
Koulh Carolina
TenneaaM
Trial
Utah
Vlrjlnln
Waal Virginia
Wlaroneln
Tolal.
Iiuuite. irauge. Total,
113 163
9 0
7 00 67
sio - no
10 25 85
DO 00
74 40) III'
826 40 871
no oo
408 408
65 05
05 65
U 18
18 18
11 II
18 41) 5.1)
am 8oi
101 27 188
126 126
85 85
4 4
lis 126-
85 85
07) 0 7SJ
01 0
106 101 2111)
80 80
14 6 10
8 2
110 67 170
120 07) 187)
88 48 12V
20) 2ft)
80 20
00 16 76
8,010 718) 8,788)
It will be noted that tho groateat amount of
traoklaying hai buuii done in Kauiai, which
shown nearly BOO miloa of now roads, while
Minnesota follbwi with 394, Iowa with .'171,
young Dakota, with 220 and old Ohio with 213,
and ao on.
It it aim notable that nearly one-quarter of
the total mileage -at leaat 728 milea ia of nar
row gauge, allowing that the narrow-gaugo "do
luaion," aa aome call it, ban not yet run ita
course,
Will III Till Oil. I. WaVIX I "MK KnoM.
Meteorological obaervationa have now Iwcomo
ao aitendod that evidenoe ia rapidly accumu
lating to enable ua to determine poaitivoly the
aouroe of the oold aerial wavea which aweep
acroaa oar country during the winter soaaon.
The indications aro that we owe them to tho
groat area of high barometer in, northeaatern
Siberia, where the preaaure aometimea exoeedi
3I.SU inches, and the temperature fallaaalowaa
7(T below aero, The pole of greatest oold ia in
the neighborhood of Ynkutak, on the I .run,
where the average thermomotrio reading in
January of 41' below r.ero, and where the surer
ea oold exceedi by in that experienced by ex
plorer! in high arctio regions. Thia ia alio tho
region of the highest barometric preaiuro know n
in winter) and from it, doubtleaa, proceed the
warea of intenae oold which play aolarge a part
in our winter experiences.
KiY-Hoi.8 Saw. Tho Japaneao hand aawe
out on the pull-stroke; ao no matter how hard
the wood or dull the law, they will not bend or
buckle. It la rather more difficult to aaw to
line with luoh aawi than with oura, but they
have their advantages Take one of our key
hole or compass aawi, cutting on the puah or
ahova stroke, what an aggravating, limber thing
it ia. Now point the teeth the other way, and
you have a tool that will keep tiff no matter
how many knota it encounter! or how dull it
get. Id other word a, the pull-stroke of 3,000
yean ago ia the beat lor audi thin, narrow
CHANGES IN THE APPEARANCE OF
JUPITER.
Writing with reference to the atrange belt on
Jupiter, in a communication to the Scientific
American, dated September 28th, Mr. J. A.
Brash ear, of Pittsburg, Pa., says: "I first saw
it at 2:45 A. M. on tho 26th of June. A nine
inch silvorod glasa Newtonian tolescopo was
used in thia observation. The belta on the
equator were of a beautiful pinkish brown color.
Tho broken belt noticed by your correspondent
was so vivid and cloar that it reminded me of a
coke fire seen on a dark night. It made such
an impression on my mind that I at once made
a sketch of it, which has been of great value in
subsequent observations. In referring to my
noto book I lind I havo eight drawings of the
planet sinco the above date. Comparing the
last drawing with the previous ones, I am led
to believe that the sjiot has slowly diminished
in size, though not in general outline. Another
and stilt moro Btrango phenomenon has occurred,
and to thin I should like to call the special at
tention of obsorvors. In my drawings I have
located tho white spota plainly visible between
the equatorial belts, and by comparing the con
secutive sketches I find that either tho spots or
the red belt has shifted in reforenoe to one an
other about ono-fourth the longth of the rod
belt.
"Any one who has read Camille Flammarion's
interesting article on Jupiter in the last pumber
of your supplement, will see that this shifting
of the spots is no now thing, but the question is,
Which licit or spot has shifted ? I am inclined
to think, with my osteemed friend, Mr. F. W.
Very, nssistant to Prof. Langley at the Alle
ghany Observatory, that it may be some terrifio
action is going on in a local spot beneath the
red bolt which hat dissipated or torn away the
vaporous envelopo of the planet over the plaoe of
local disturbance, and wo possibly seethe aetttal
turface of the planet beneath or through the rift
in the vaporous onvelope. If this conjecturo lie
true, then it is more than likely that the shift
ing has tieen in tho white spots beneath tho
equatorial bolta, as tho local action which gives
us the rod belt would hardly be of a shifting char
acter. I have used 6.5-inch, 9-inoh and 12-inch
aperture silvered glass tolcscopei, and I inch
and 13-inch achromatica, at different times of
observation, and have had snmo exquisite views
of thia marvelous planet and its attendant pano-
Years a
blade.
"Jannin'h Ckmknt," a rooently patented
French product, named after its inventor, is
simply composed of a mixture in suitable pro
portion! of yellow oxido of load that known
in trade aa "Massicot" is preferred-and olv-
uerino; other metallic oxides and coloring matter
may be aUiled to the above mixture, according
to tho character or oolor that may be desired.
Tho oement may bo made to possess more or loss
stillness bv varvinir the nmnnrtinnnif ,. I ; ....
the larger the peroentage of the latter, the softer
vue uemeut, ano rice verm. 1 his cement is rep
resented to be especially adapted for molding
objecta whioh demand an extreme delicacy in
the lines of the out, auoh aa engraved blocks
and plates, forms of printing type, photoglyptio
V'-'" n ia aiurineu mat It sets in a few
ininutcn under the influence of ...... ii.. i,.,.,i --J
. , ' Bw iionv mm
then admirably resists heat and preaiure. When
n u maae a good sUMtltUto for
lithographic atone. It ii alao recommonded for
artistic reproduction!, luch aa fao limilea of
terra ootta, tha color and lonorousneas of which
it closely imitates. It does not ihriuk in aettins
So aaya the EnglM Mechanic.
To Iikitrot Bios and Pleas. -This mix
ture, which haa been patented in France, con
auta of 80 parta of biiulphide of carbon and 20
part of eaaenoe of petroleum.
NEW INVENTIONS.
We publish descriptions of the following new
inventions, obtained throngh Dewey k Co. 'a
Mining and Scientific Prest Patent Agency, San
Francisco:
kailkoau lHAlit. John it. Oumvan, Clan
Rafael, Cal. Patented Deo. 30, 1879. No.
223, 187. This invontion relates to that class of
railroad chairs wherein two chair and a con
necting metal bar serve to secure the track,
the object of which is to provide anch a chair
as will give a broad sustaining surface to the
rail, ana yot greatly cheapen its construction.
The rail-supporting bases are of cast iron, and
in form like a parallelogram. The upper side
is made to slope in each direction from the line
where the rail crosses it to the onter end, and
these inclined facos aro grooved so that a large
base may be obtained without undue weight.
Each pair of basos are united by means of
wrought iron bar whioh has its ends laid into
the mold ao as to be cast with them. The top
of the base has a double slot formed across it,
the outer side of one slot having ita bottom of
the hight at which it is desired to have the
base of tho rail stand, and is beveled under the
outer face so that one flange of the rail will be
in this groove. The inner part of the slot haa
its bottom lower than the plane of the upper
slot, and the meeting edge between the two is
inclined and dovetailed or beveled downward
and backward. A key ii formed ao that when
in place its contour will be and form a part of
the base. The whole forms a cheapand con
venient railway tie.
Check Hook. Wm. M. Wain, Salinas,
Monterey Co., Cal. Patented Deo. 30, 1879.
No. 223,028. This invention is called a
" thimble " pad-hook, and consists of a bearing
post, which is secured at the point usually oc
cupied by the pad-hook. The post has a spring
catch fitted to it either in front or behind. A
thimble or sleeve is permanently attached by
loop or link to the bridle check-rein, and is
fitted to slide down over the post, where it ii
held by the snap-hook, ao that it cannot be
accidentally detached. By thia construction a
much neater connection is made between the
cheek-rein and the pad, and one which may be
engaged or disengaged with one hand. The
strain upon the rim is much lower down than
when the ordinary hook is used, and does not
pull the pad over as muoh.
Vroktab'ls Dths from Cabbaos. MM.
Savigny and Colineau have just made a discov
ery of considerable practical importance in
obtaining harmless colors from this vegetable.
They have succeeded in extracting from red
cabbage, or broccoli, a coloring matter which is
absolutely inoffensive, and capable of applica
tion in all the ordinary operations of painting,
printing and dyeing. To thia they have given
the name cauline, from the Latin caulit, a cab
bage. The leavea of the plant are oat into
small pieces, thrown into boiling water in the
proportion of 3 lbs. of the leaf to 3 liters of wa
ter, and there left to macerate for 24 hours; at
the end of thia time they are withdrawn and
subjected to a strong pressure, and the juices
thus expressed are added to the liquor of infu
sion. As thus obtained, the "cauline" is of a
blue-violet oolor, and forma the base of a series
of derivatives of various colors.
Wrthht civ T)tnDvwr Mi. ...... ., tl. f 1
.. - ............. uiin.AAIA 1UB IUI-
lowing shows the weight (avoirdupois) per onbio
fnnf. ..f .-ar....u I.;.. 1.. , t . 1 A -
.. . . ..,.oo aiuub ui material : Average
mortar, 106 poundi; loose earth, 95 pounds;
oommon soil (compact), 124 pounds ; clay (oom
pact), about 135 pounds; day with stones, 160
pounds; briok, 125 pounds; lead, 709 pounds;
wroughtiron, 481 pounds; cast iron, 450 pounds;
lime, 64 pounds; sand (loose), 96 pounds. And
the following shows the bulk of one ton of dif
ferent substances in cubio feet; earth (compact),
18; earth (loose), 32 cubio feet.