The west shore., November 01, 1879, Page 322, Image 2

322
THE WEST SHORE.
November, 1879
THE PRODUCTION OK BEET Sfi.AK IN can not make flesh, but Liebitr says it
OREGON AND WASHINOTON. 'I HE
SUGAR OF COMMERCE.
TJU TV COLLICTED AND TM PAMO W Kl V, (i. H.
ATKINSON.
" Then lira two principal varieties of
sugar," says I'rof. Youmans. That
which is extracted from the uice of the
sugar cane, green corn stalks beet
loots and the maple tree is called cane
Ugr. It is the kind in common use.
The Other il obtained by the transfor
mation of starch and dextrine, and is
ahundnnt in fruits, as the Apple, plum,
pear, cherry, ami lig. It is especially
abundant In grapes, and is hence called
grape sugar- also starch sugar or glu
cose. The white, sweet grains in ml
(tins are giape sugar. It rIso forms that
portion ol honey w Inch solidifies. These
two kinds of sugar diU'ci In composition
1 properties)
II Kl. A 1 1 I COMroNINI ELEMENTS) OV
I III.M Ml. A Its.
"..'line sugar has the formula: Car
bon 1. atoms, Hydrogen It Rtoms, Ox-
jm 1 1 atoms." As the relative atomic
w eights are, hydrogen, i ; carbon, 6j
and oxygen, I ; 171 pounds of cane su
g. 1 id be composed of It pounds
of hydrogen, 72 pounds of carbon and
SS pounds of Oxygen.
Hut as the sugar of commerce is a
hydro ctroontte, it contains parts of
II., 7: (.'., ami 880., squall iSj.
(Iiapc sugar is represented by C. II
II. 1 1. Oi 1 1. By atomic proportion,
HS lbs. .f this sugar contains of carbon
72 lbs., f hydrogen i. lbs,, of oxy
gen 1 1 2 lbs.
Cam sugar is dissolved freely by one-
third its weight of cold water, and
grape mi.;. 11 diseol ves slowly, requiring
oiir and one-half times its weight of
xx .iti 1 . Two ounces of cane sugat .u-
eipi.d 111 sweetening power to (e
ounces of giHH- sug.it.
ITS VSBti
1st. It is a delicious element of diet.
2d. It is considered to act as fuel fix
the system, being directly consumed in
respiration.
3d. It prevents the decomposition
or pulief.ictioii of oiganic substances.
It pn-MMves fruits by aepaiating theii
water, ami living it in an unchangeable
sviiip, and by excluding the air. It
prccic meat and full and requires a
much smaller quantity to prevent ptt
ticfaction than of salt.
4th. It contain, no nitrogen and
makes fat which has no nitrogen.
AMOUNT OP CANK SlKiAlt MANUKAC
TU It ED.
Ill 1S50, according to Dr. Carpenter,
the annual production of sugar in vari
ous parts of the world, was estimated
al abort one million tons; or two billion
pounds, which at ten cents per pound
would cost the consumers two hundred
million dollars.
In 1S70, according to reports col
lated by l'rof. C. F. Chandler, the su
gar-cane product supplied 1,700,000
tons, or 59 percent.; beets supplied
1 ,rxx),ooo tons or 3 1 per cent.; the date-
palm supplied 100,000 tons or 3 m per
cent.; sorghum supplied 50,000 tons or
1 i"i pet cent.; the maple trees supplied
I5,xx tons or per cent. The w hole
amount was 2,865,000 tons, or 5,730,
otK),x) lbs., which a', ten cents per lb.
cost the consumers $573,(xxj,oxx.
The total production of sugar in 18117
was 5,140,071,530 lbs, or 2,570,036 tons.
The Sugar-Cane "Journal reports
the average sugar crop of the world, in
1869-73, as follows:
'Ions.
("ula 70I.43I
Jv 175.621
llrail I.?(),ooo
MsnrititH 118,126
Porto Rim 95,532
Manila 81.816
British 1 taltna 63,922
Louisiana 61,863
iniuu.ni 51,199
I Mil I I 1 .
Bsitiadoai ..
Maitiniipir .
Gasdsfcwps
Kriimoii . .
IV ill
Mexico . . . .
I-Ol'i. ill..
178,189
Tulal from CUM 1,661,701
Kuiuic, licet su.u (nvei ', nf whole). . 946,000
Wkoh saatbw of ions 2,609,701
The beet sugar cropon the continent
oi Europe for
Wl
iv 1 1
iv-i j
IS75 .,
1,142.397 tuns
1,110,166 "
1.220,000 "
1,205,000 "
or nn average of 1,169,30,1 tons per year
for four years, which equals 2,338,782,
000 tlis., and which at ten cents pair
ound would cost the consumers $233,
8;S,2oa .Winding to the Journal on Sugar
Manufacture, the consumption of sugar
in the world, in 1875, was:
rOCXDS. Pa ll'n
Enclaml 1.820.000.000 en h
UaaM StttM 1,694,000,000 44.0
80,000,000 24.0
Sweden lai.omnnr.
France 550,000,000 ,J."
Austria and Hungary. 374,000,000
Argentine Republic. 66,000,000 !!'o,
Switzerland 24,200,000. ...!'. ,TJ
''"'tuBai 33.000,000 ;;0
Italy 220,000,000 1.
Spain 110,000,000 , H
Rmsia 330,000,000 6,0
Turkey 55,000,000 j,j
The average per head in these fifteen
nations was 16.4 lbs. But the average
consumed per person in England and
the United States was three times that
amount.
The production doubles in about
twenty years, showing a rate of five
per cent, gain per year, which implies
a like increase in the consumption per
year.
THE CLIMATE REQUIRED 1011 SUGAR
CANE.
This plant nourishes best in the trop
ics, where the mean temperature is
from 750 to 77", but it can grow well
where the mean temperature is 660.
Its limits arc thus fixed within the .ones
on both sides the equator, about 300
North or South.
THE CLIMATE REQUIRED KOR SUT.AR
IIKBTS.
This plant flourishes best in the tem
perate zones. It thrives in Middle Eu
rope and America, within the belt be
tween 400 and 55". In France, Bel
gium, Holland, Germany, Austria,
Denmark and Russia it grows to perfec
tion, and even as far north as Sweden,
and as far south as Italy it grows well.
It is cultivated with success in the
northern belt of American states. Its
habitat follows the sothermsl line far
to the north on the Pacific coast, ai it
does in Western Europe, and for the
reason of the same mild climate. It
proves to be to the northern or temper
ate regions a source of sugar, equal to
that of sugar cane to the southern or
tropical regions. Its value in commerce
is the same as that from cane.
At present," says Prof. Chandler,
"more than one-third of all the sugar
of the world is made on the continent
of Europe from the beet."
ITEMS OK HISTORY AROl'T 1IKT
SUGAR.
It was discovered in 1747 bv V
Marggraf of Berlin. From the bed
, n . t. I i- means of
(ffia i,icia) ne oomnit", j
n1.-ol.nl frnin 1 6 ner Cent. HI
...V..W., ...... ,---
vnriftv. tn 6.2 ner cent, in
j , r-.
lloK.U, 1
1WIIUIlt
the red
the white-
F. C. Achard, a pupil of Mrgt
forty-nine years later, made many e-
iiAi-;,it,ic nn k4r& mill found them""
'W"'. " 22.0 - , , I
673,000,000 16.5 1 penmcnts on beets, ana louna