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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (July 1, 1879)
214 THE WEST SHORE. J'y. '879. NATIHK OK TIIK INN Kit KAKTII. Tho inline nl (In uiiirr earth apH.ali to a nrolo of inquirer far oiiUide tlie pale u( tin' .m- t.l .. 1. n. 1 a, whitlnrthc cntli m ;i hollow titrll containing molten matter, of nomnimii KM, r liw a iil crual and uucleua a .rati 'I by ui intermediate layer of liiiiul, each haa its advocate., and in aupjiorlcd by arguments nl urn Of lata Wright. I luring a vuit to . MWtU Iwt .Sin), llcrr Sicmcni, to explain lliu plicn MbMA which liu w ilheiicil, wa driven tii the 1 "ii' liiiinu 11. .a hydrogen fir ita cnmhuit iKIi- cnmmuiida, rmn Irnin ImjIow, ami, mingling with almo.plo-no oxygen, fond an tsplotWt 11. 11 tin. winch la burnt in the upper mi t ol the volcanic chimney. My continued cooling nt the molten glotre, a acparalion uf it cnuqioncuti would irnhahly ui. according to their relative weight. The iguenua liquid would nut he homngcmioiii throughout. Thine compound! which were pffillcally heavier would he attno ted toward the interior o( the viacoua sphere, while the leta denae aiihatanera might reiuain nearer to the outside; thua, the acid silicates might bfl epr aUit Iroin, and lloat upon the denaer Ira.ic aili cat.. Whether the 1I1.I il 1. atKHi would commence at the ouUnle or at t Ita center of tho n-ii 1ce1.1t "ig gl"le, la the imiiiiI of argument If a maaa of niolu-u metal ! allowed ti cool, a cruat MOO forma over the aurfaie, while the interior may remain for aome time 111 a lniud slate, and, hence, 11 la natural to argue that we live tlmn UM ' mat of a 1 .1 1 r whi.h containa a maaa of in Id I matti 1 It la how .10 yean aince Prof, .lamea Thnmann aoii'Mi t tlii t In -i 1 thai il n 1... i i-v pulid dining Kihdiln alion, ita melting point muat ha low 1 1. I by iraaauru. A theory afterward com- l"'i" I "i itally by Ina hrotber, now Sir W illiam TlMitua whnalmwod that the melting oitil of ice waa lowered 111 the way auugoated; K,o,tiiig out at the aame time that if tho an In alance contracted .lining aohditicatlon, ita melt nig point nuyht tn lw rm. I a prediction con lllllo.l by t hi H nun llta uf the late Mr. Hop kma, of famhtulga, wIohm itiveatigation ex tended to audi luhalanco aa wav an. I atearuie, aulphur and aporma. cti. It 11 clear, therefore, that m auch a oaae, nreaaure and heal directly "I I' . .a.li other; the former tending to nfa lent, aii. I the latter tending to promote fuaioii. UtipplMllrJ that the aurfaco of the cmling globe -lly anlidhol, th anlid BortaOM might agaiu tuaod aa the) dosoeiided to regnma of higher temperature, and the globe might thua U kept in a luUid condition until it became aull.. ., nlli . ImM to pri u lit the ajb.idciicc nl lb HttoUM portion, when a a. h i . runt would permanently f..rm 011 the . ytcrmr, ruclo. nig a nU maaa within Hut il the ...lolil.,-.! MfHaat, la the) tank in the molten maaa, had their rMaV ml greatly raiael by the in . 1. . .1 l. ...... I., win, h tin y Wi re .objected, then il la putaobh that tbey might retain their mild condition, ev.n t ,e v. I V .enter ol the gloU a 11. 1 thua Uir pr-c ,, aoliditi. ation w.oild gradually lend out. aid, until a aolid or nearly eolnl aj.hon.l.l waa ultimately .i luce.1. All dea-nifa, however, li 1. tin- .pieallou wlotbri the inollrii rwk wool. I contrail on aidolilicatmn. and. if an, to what rttrtit. II. a . hot a einmenl wriil N abow that aolid n ka ale al-'i.l .M .Unarr Ibali 111 a 111. Urn atatc Mr. Mallei a . no., nta on Idaal furnace alagi allow, howrier. 11. at there ailicalea .outra.1 miljf il ut (. .tuniig a.di,liflcation. Ilrrr ie n.ena found thai if glaaa l -er(r, lly fuaol lo a thin Injurd and lw thru allowed to omd, il rap oil) coiilracU until it a. :un. . lol.. or u MM Wadlti.in, hut on furthri .diug lh .on trwcUou ta greaili din.imahr.1; unlit at the o... on lit ol a dolllicatlon a alij.li! 1 ouiioti oocura. ami benoe llerr Siemeui owtoludea that Ike e& penmen la of Thotnans and Ilia, hot prove, not that the earth in conaeiuonce of preaauro is nnliri to Ha center, but limply that tho interior Iim boOOOM plaatic or viacoui, and upon no other hyiHitheaii can the formation of tho many thouaaml feet of alternating acdimentary do poaitn which are inrcail over the turfaco of the earth b accounted for, Uxin the plaatic hy potbraail may be explained the great elevation of many continental an na, and the gradual up heaval and depreaaioni of large tracta of coun try at the present day. The diirercnce ill hight between the plateau ot Central Aaia and the bottom of Hi.- IVilic ocean ia at least I2,0()0 mi'teia, repreaeiitiug a ilitl'crenco of presiure on thn viacoua matter of nhout 1,0(10 atmosphere!, w hence the rnclu which form tho lloor of the ocean, must, of course, he denser than the other in order to attain tho reiiuisito hydro sbiti. eiuilibrium. Archdeacou I'ratt, remark ing upon the attractive action of thu llimnlayas uiou the plumb line, s.iys: "The density of tho omit beneath the mountains must ho less than that btloW the plains, and still less than that heli.w the ocean bod. Tim Astronomer Royal) in a popular lecture last year, at Cocker mouth, exprcaaeil liimielf in similar terms: "If one might preaiimu on such a point, I should aay that the high parts of tho earth are tuado of aninetbing light. The heavy denae parts are those covered by ciiniidorahlo quantities of wa ter, and they have sunk deep in the center of lava, in which I conceive all things to xs rest ing." And Sir lleorgo Aiiy adds tho groat weight of his authority to the view that the center of I lie earth ia still lluid. Afininy ami .vo-nnir t ffM. Si y UM rol TBI HlMaaUCM. The rtoitM for preaaing sen wewli for preiorvation usud by tho Itev. A. II. Ilervey. of Trov. N. V.. well known aa an exjiert iu that process, is as fol- rs: rloat out each siiecinien by itaolf in salt water, in a white dish, like a washbowl. Put the liam-r under the lilant in thu water, arramre the plant tin the paper and carefully draw it out Lay the paier with the plant upon it on drying miner ami aoreail ov.-r it ni,u'if u'l,ir .n,,.li Km apread over this a layer of drying paper, men more punts, aim muii more cloth, drying paper, etc. 1'ut all under a hoard, and weight it with 40 or 0 Kiuuda of itoro or other heavy aubataucel. The next dav chanire the clolba and drying painT, and in one day more the mania w in ik iirv ami reaily to go into the her barium or the album for ieruiauent preiorva- I lull. llo 10 M.vkk Coriir-I'i.ASTitB. Soak isin- glaai in a little warm water for '.'4 houri, then evaMirate nearly all tho water by gentlo heat, iliaiolvo the residue in a little proof spirit! wine, and strain the whole throimh a nieoo of MM linen. The itrained maaa should bo a alitl jelly when cool. Now stretch a piece of ailk or aaraanet on a wooden frame, and fix it tight w ith ta. ka or pack thread. Melt the Jellv ami anply it to tho silk thinly and evenly with a liadger bur bruah. A second coating must lie applied when the tirat haa dried. When lioth are dry, apply over tho whole mr face two or three coatings of balaam ot Peru. I'laatvr thua made n said to lie very pliable and never break a. Kwimv Hki.t OK WbMOA A correiiond enl aaya that most useri of emery Ik It. ami .in. in wbeela do net use glue that ia thick enough, tearing it inav chill More the land or ....e,, m iprraii in making an emery wheel or lielt, if the cloth hai never been glued, H should ba sited with glue about aa thick as lard oil. and allowed to dry thoroughly before appl) ing the glue which holds the emery. Have the emery healed to Mr Fab., and coat the Ml or wheal with glue about aa Duck aa molaa m and roll it m the hot emery. If a wheel or belllhus treated is allowed sufflcieut time to Ijeooan. tSoroughly dry, it will bo very service. NEW AMERICAN INDUSTRIES. Tho recent rapid increase in American chm ical manufactures -in many caaei from native crude materials is a very encouraging feature of American trado. The Qrocn notes that six years ago we imported from' Franco cream of tartar to tho extent of 9,000,000 pounds yearly; but so Bucoessful haa the manufaoture of it in this country been carried on, that last year not a ingle pound wai imported. Notwithstanding the crude materials have at present to be imported, the price of the manufactured article has been reduced from 32 cents per pound, the rate for the French article, to 23 and 24 cant per pound for the American production. France and England formerly sent us annually 600,000 pounds of tartaric acid, whilo the importation for the last fiscal year was 183 pounds. Eng. land formerly monopolized our market for nitric acid to the extent of 250,000 pounds annually, at the rate of f 1.30 per pound, while lost year 27,018 poundi were imported and sold at the same price as the American article 87 cents per pound. At present the lime juice from which citric acid is made has to be im iMirtcd, but it could easily be produced from fruits grown in Florida, if only sufficient energy were put into the work. If the lemon and lime growers of tho South oan be induoed to prepare the lime juice, the entire production and manufacture of citric acid will be kept iu this country, saving hundreds of thousands of dollars annually, and developing another great industry. Borax wai formerly brought from England at the rate of from UOO.OOO to 1,000, 000 pounds per year. Owing to the develop ment of borax mines in Nevada, this importa tion haa largely fallen off, and the report for the last tiscal year showed only 3,492 pounds, and thu price of the refined article, which is now prepared in New York city, is only from 8 to II cents per pound, when formerly it was 3.r cents, England being now among the buyers instead of the principal seller, aa ahe once was, 1.. .tb of tho crude and refined product. ifaau- fatturer ami BuiUttr Imitation Ini.ayino. Suppoee I want an oak panel w ith a deiign inlaid with walnut I grain the panel wholly . in oil. This is not a bad ground for walnut When the oak ia dry, I grain tho whole of the panel in distemper. I have a paper with the design drawn thereon, the back of which I rub with whiting, place it on the panel, and with a pointed stick trace the design. I then with a brush and quick varnish trace the whole of the design. When the var nish is dry, with a sponge and water I remove the distemiier, whoro the varnish lias not touched. 'I his, if well executed, present a most lieautiful imitation of inlaid wood. Mar bles are executed in a similar manner. How to Mark Pi-aster or Paris Hard IXOCQH run I 1 1. mm . Mix with fresh plaster uf Paris from two to four percent of powdered marsh mallow root then add sufficient water uutil it forma a mass. This will set in about an hour and become so hard and dry that it may be sawed and turned. It ia naed in the manu facture uf dominoes, dice, etc When eight per cent of the root is added a still harder mass is ubtained which may be rolled into leaves and painted or varnished. A small quantity of alum added makes it set harder and quicker. (Iolu im Ri-iwia. The St Petersburg pap report a great development of the gold produc tion in Kuaais. Strata containing gold dost ia considerable quantity bar recently been dis covered in the Ural mountains. It it said that in the district of Sennigsei a Russian proprietor has found in bis gold mine, near Motygym, a MfjM44; poundi 111 weutlit representing a I valu of nearly $75,000.