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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (May 1, 1879)
May, 1879. THE WEST SHORE. SUBSTITUTES FOR KTHF.B AND CULO- A committee of the British Mnlu-.il Annota tion hM lately issued two reports, giving an ac count of eomo very valuable experimental triala of a number of new anieathetio agenta which they have atudied, with the objeot of tiudiug a sabatitute for ahloroform and ether, the agent commonly employed by the aurgeon and obi atetrician. Neither of theae fully tneeta the requirements of aurgical practice, tlie adminis tration of chloroform being never free from danger, and alwaye a aource of anxiety oil that account to rurgical operator, and especially in operation! of a protracted nature, where ita ilia, aatrous effecta upon the action of the heart anil the respiratory organa ia oceaaionally the cauae of fatal consequences; while ether, though vaat ly auperior to chloroform in theae reapocta, ia too tardy in ita action for many important opcr ationa. The purpoae of the above-named com mittea was to Hud, if xaaihle, au aniuithotic agent that ahould be a potent in ita clfccta a chloroform, and that, at the aamo time, ahnuld affect tht heart and reapiration aa little aa ether. From the abstract of their reporta, iu the Monthly Journal of Scitnct, it appeara that many experimental triala wero made noon frog and rabbits, with the following aulistauues: Benzine, acetone, liyrrol, bichloride of methy lene, amylene, butyl chloride, cthenedichloride, methyl chloride, ethyl ohloride, nitrous ethyl ether. The experimental triala of the committee with the above-named siilntauoes were unfavor able, either for the reason that they did not complete anmtheaia, or because the amustheaia waa attended with euoh violent aud alarming phyaiulogieal diaturbanoea that their uae in aur gery waa nut to be thought of. With two aub atanoea only did the committee obtain success ful results; these were the iaobutyl chloride and ethidune diohloride. Iaobutyl ohloride (C II9 C'l) produced com plete anojatheaia iu frogs, rahhita, and dogs, in from three to rive minutes, and no disturbance of the heart action or of reapiration waa noticed when anaiatlieaia waa coutinued for half an hour or longer. Kthidene diohloride (O ll OP ). an isumeride of atheuu diuhloride produced from aldehyde, gave eveu better results thau the agent above described, and the committee there upon tasted ita virtues upon six patieuta in the Western Iulirinary of (ilaegow, upon whom aur gioal operatiuua of more or less aererity were performeil with it am, ann wun tno moss asr Minrairiiiif results. We cannot do better, in view of the imiiortanco of theae researchre the interests of huiiisnitv. than to give the com mittee's conclusion at length, aa elated by our authority. Th (natures of awcial interest in these rases are the facta that there waa no injurious effect oliaervable on tho respiratory mechauim, ai thouxh in all cases the antithetic was given in such doses aa to produce complete anaMlisaia and nuncular rel.ua' 1011, anil lu oue toe paiwm was deeply under it influenoa lor ! minutes. 1 Th oulie diminished in frequency and in creased in volums, and in the dsepsst anmitheeie waa steady, regular, full, ana onmprresiiiir. Th.r. no indication of failure of cardiac ac i. i u - rasult an In-mated from what had tirevinualv twsn observed in animals. I Thers was never any pallor of the countenance, or biasness of the lips; but, aa the contrary, nil mvmii ilurini the desnesl amrsthcsia, there was a healthy flush in the face, and the lips wars r. n-,1 taking into aooonnt ths changa in the oharactsr of the pulse and in the oul'ir of lbs lace, it would appear that in snsMihnsia from diohloriila of sthsdsae, lbs blood still re--sun. m a normal amount in the arterial aud capillary systems, ami dues not land to enuorge tba vsnuus system awl right skis ths heart, as ia apparently the physkilugicsl action of chWisna. It epper,l. also, m farther ax wnmsnts with this a! on animala, that they oooid f lor a lengthened pervl 10 a lUU or complete an thesis under lis influence, walls, on the contrary, they will speedily die when OUOrOlorill I used. Hie investigations u( the committee, it would apiear, have hail the valu- ante result ol supplying the surgeon itli one (and poaaildy with two) aniisthlio agenta superior Imth to chloMform and ether a result I iiiestimable iniinirtaiu'e for the sen-ntilic al leviation of human aulTuring. The committee la continuing ita researches, aud a third reairt ia cnvicii at an eariy iiay. KlNdWOKM. Dr. John V. Shoemaker, in a uiwr read lie. fore tho American Medical Association on "Itingworm in I'uhlic Institutions," states that, while treating a large number of easel of ring- worm, which occurred iu one of the public in stitutions for children in Philadelphia, lie sciaped aome of the aoalea from the scalp ol one of the children, and also from the chest of an other, and applied them to the Ixidios of two cata. For three days no change waa pcrcepti- hie on the parte upon which the scales were plsced; on the fourth a amall meal-like atcli was iletectoil upon one, ami on the other the hair began to fall out. The tilth dsy the iatclies assumed the characteristic circular form, and the atlection continued to spread rapidly until spots the sixu of a large com were .almost do milled of hair. Scales from the patuhea of one of the cata wure roinnuolated on a healthy feof. tion of the acalii of oue of the children ami thigh of another, with, the effect of producing the uir oii'nscrilud sHita of ringworm. Two ajH'citiicua were now prniiareil, from the luiaiilatcd child, the other from one of the rats, and re vealeil under the uiicroacope fungi of a luxuriant growth, thread living pronent iu largo quantities. Itingworm owes its origin to a vegetable para site, the Tfifttnthyton faMMM It generally oommeiioea among those that are improHirly eared for, and, a It is exceedingly contagious, it spreads rapidly to those coming In oontset with the infected. The fungus haa a pWrlllaflllus, for the strumous slid debilitated, and llouilshr upon them liiiurisntly. Among the M) eases afllicted on the occasion referred to tho author fouiid that a large par, onnlaga were tho children of subjeota of chronic diarase, worthless ami couliriued ilruukards, ami inmates of charitable institulioiis or almshouse The affection freiinrntly haa Ita origin in the lower animals, ami is trsnsmitled from them to children and adults. A iiiiinlar of cssrs are on record in which it haa been communicated ill rectly from cows, calves, oxen, horses, and est In individuals, aud then to other members of the same family. A well marked example ol its direct tiansmission fr a cow to an Individ tial cam under the author's notice and trial ment a short lime since. The experiments on cats, noted above, are also additional stroii. prool that the fungus ran be transmitted from lower animals In children, ami from individual to animals, and also verify the fact that the scales of the scalp are capable uf producing hv Hum ulation ringworm on other parts of the ll Dr. Shoemaker atetea that his obesrvstion as been that, when ths affection attacks the body and ia nt oomplicsteil, It ia easily oured; Iml when it involves ths head it is s ml tedious and unn anageable disease, using l" the mi, chievoua mfluenre of the hsir He believ, however, that the failura la. promptly srade ate ths dissasa ia ths majority of essas ia nubile institutions ii do-to kaaWaMaj ot nl psti nee, and the inability on the psrt of narses and attendants to iruprly undsrstsnd the orders of the physician. TaLaoaatMiao M Ik -muni Tala-C M. (lariat desenl-js the suooaesfal working ol lladbihacbe's invent! for signaling Ui sad frusn trains in moll , mi a i-at of the hue alikli oonasats ths t'lusoips de Msrs sub the station atlirenells. The prin.ruU srsre su sacweas lul that then l.k.ly s.m M be rtl-sUJ oa much largsr scale. -La Stuff. '47 m A HINTS ON TIIK INK OK I I amt (PAWS. The plaster may be made to "est" very quickly by mixing it in warm water lo which a little sulphate of potash has been added Planter "I I 'aria casta, soaked in melted paraf Hue, may lie readily out or turned in a lathe. They may lie rendered very hard and tough by soaking them iu warm glue site until thoroughly saturated, and allowing them to dry. Plaster of Paris mixed with equal parti of powdered pumice stone makes a line mold for easting fusible metals; the same mlsture ia use ful for enraaiug articlea to be soldered or hrsxod. Casta of plaster of Paris may be made to imi tate line lionises by giving tin m two or three coata of shellac varnish, and when dry apply. nig a coat 01 masiiii 1 arm. 11, ami ilustiug 011 line hroiue powder wheii Ilia mactic varnish ba comes sticky. Hat holes may be cllectually stopied with broken glass and plaster of Paris. I he hest methial ol miiing plaster of Pans is lo sprinkle it into the water, usinc rather more water than is required (or the baiter; whan the Uaster settles nuir off the surplus water and stir carefully. Air bubbles are avoided m this way, Motion Jourmit 0 CArmtWrg, How in Huoai M n W. II. Itrooks gives the billowing simple, but very rlleulive, sock ing arrangement for all kinds of meals, neec. ally bain, shoulders, aud tssenn. The ainustug is effected in a very tlioioiiub Disinter ami in a short time The witter bad for Ida morning breakfaat some ham which waa smoked in a contrivance precisely similar to tats, la ail hours, lb arrangement can Iss made by any. one without ins' least iroutun, ami 11 is sura lu "work " every liinu The deuce nii.aiataof a barrel uf any suilsbl sis. An ordinary ban. I will amok inur or live I. rate eland liauui or shoulder Ibith haada are removed ami a nun able cover provided for the iiisi This may be of Issanla, or an oil cloth or ligh; blanket will ansae! A short Ireln h IS dug. III Which is laid a length of old stove pip. A Urged . lavation Is 1)111 mail, a fw feci distant from the 1. in. I. In which a pan of burning enlss or chili can Iss plsetxl una Is uoverstl by a I Isthlly lilting plank. One end of lha atevsnliM oinmiinieates with this scavalioni over the ithrr iul the bariel Is plsosil, th aarth hanked up around lha Imltuni ol th bsrrl and ovar th.- slnvplp, lo kp all light. Th meat may h ius uiilssl Irom a t 11 k laid auroas tfca top of th I. in. I. and il. n all ouserad light with an ml rlolli or blanket (In placing a paa ol sbhiIi in.. . ..I. of r hliis tilth plana provided, lasaanok pana.n IhroUgn lha StoVlilSB mill th bsftal, Idling il with s .hoi.. , mm amok Hhould II s supjairl id tho hsnw, te , Isrsak, la latter eaa. mil lie hurl by coming 111 imntaet with lha his or ssh, as sonistlmsa hsppaas In lbs regain iiiink hnns. II an In. 1 Then ar rartain raelps whkh, though often jiublisbsul, ara still onnUaually ailed for; ami among Ihesa I "rad lire, so inn. b Uassl iu 111. works, sinal. ur tl.. -alio sis, and III lik Th following I t'iMntiitnUd as lilh sal and cheap Take by wighl una pari of shell, aud four of wll dried nllrala of stron Us; mil thoroughly la an unpowdsrvl Miudl lion; hi si in a tin dish In lha mailing putal of lha shell. , after calling. Ih sii Uao asaaa is to Is Mlvertawl. This is ant spnlv, la saf. without tendency to rspbala, mhI barns inietly, alnwly, va wba siowwd on dsmp grouml. snd pnala'W a vary gl elfsaH. The milium fur rail Are is nasally . ostipnsad of nitrate of slnmlia, chlorsta nf arlsh and sul phur; Ill's fraqasally lake Br p.-oterssnssaly, swpwtaJlv whan llowsr uf aalpber arid impsr ssctly ilrtsssl ailrate of strowlla ars mpluyael IkasjM Journal a C'Arasisatry