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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 1, 1877)
December. THE W EST SHORE. 51 TrE Wesj SHore, A Sixteen Page Monthly Illustrated Paper, published it 1Njrtlam, Obbuus, by L SAill'EL. BniRM OFPHM -Morrison Strict, between 5thnnil lith, ewci'dy iiiHinit(! the t'ontotnee TKltMS OF SrtlSCItll'TlOX, tlncludtiur Postage to any .-un el the t'niied States); One ory. " Jf 1.M Single Number 20 vent. Postage to lorttgn countries, 2i cent additional gS' Subscription must he paid in advance, and sli papers 1U jjottttveb he stopped at the end of the tim. Uieyure paid lor. Remittal ices can be made hy registered letter, or In erder Ml any Uw 1'ortland hunine&a house. TREKS AND RAINFALL FARM SURGERY. UU tains tthpni it 1 mil ....,' mi I'KAIIilEN. tl : t: -u t .4 Of the Valley of tl.e Mi,.,,.,,; ri.er, .,.,1 it. j . , TZZj-uZ tribuUriw, poatn few lort.ui j,t uunnwr ""' "I"" ul" ohtokiap tl.e Hood whlrt rains usually fall in unplfl rolnou to mature loWI from tlie wownil which the onomtion rv eropa. Tlieae prairies would long ago have U-in eeives. One of the U-st instrument! known or T"?'' ,:i,,".d"". -l't (r W.I meteor sl.,.,,. , ,, , ft ,. eooouions. me i.rainis, as well Ml ,,, ., ... . ... . . . the country east of the Alleghany mountain., "M lu"1- " ' " "tartk " receive their suinmer ruins hy.ihe QondetlMtioU , which may lie pild around the limit as tightly of moisture from the groat equatorial monso. as laissihlo ami then its ends hooked together liv jSuSTj ti A'lr,,'k'' '""""'"ii","il'dvehl,,,. This form. . ,icrfeot Upton iuii stream to the shore of UmuUim ud en . , , wring the low lands of tho Valley of the Mis- lmj l-uil" given some vrnctioal rule dssippi. The nuotoon being a bat wind, end which should bt pMttd Dp in ivwy workshop "tnrated with moisture fthlgb. tetnumtart, I ud in every fem-honee b tho Uukti Aft it blOWt Over the cooler land Is o,.f ,.,,,,,...1 I ... . .... below its riftw.tutint n,,,l t,V.7i"7iV. I tMH 1. H lien ft leg or hi win is severely The supertioialist, when viewing tho desert and its ruined memorials of the former grandeur 1 its people, is apt to lee! sorrow and pity for the wasted land and the misery of it inhab itants; but this should not le so, for it is, in fact, but the working of nature's revenges against her ilespoilers and is a fitting and just punishment for destroying the rain-producing le-resta. When a people, in their ignoraneu and selfishness, destroy their forests, they are uni fornily and deservedly punished by extermina linn, inasmuch as their heme is made a desert. All countries that are heavily wooded are favored with copious rains because they are wooded, and are wooded because of the rains. Grass and Bhrubbery cannot long grow or flourish far away from the influence of forests, as grass cannot by its own rain-producing power sustain itself. '1 o increase the means of physi eal and ineutal pleasure and to furnish suhsis teucc for larger numbers, the soil Bhould be stimulated to its highest productivity. Tim productivity cannot, however, he obtained by slearing away the forests and thereby increasing their area of plow-land, but rather hy retaining due proportion of forest ami bestowing addi tional labor upon the remaining land. The desert is even now approaching many a fair valley and the sand is destined to cover many portions of the earth now occupied by powerful nations, because they are destroying their forests and are inviting and will receive the desert. The same causes will produce the tame results aB of old. THE EFFECT IM OUR OWN COUNTRY. Turning our attention now to the influence of trees upon rainfall in our own country, we are met upon the threshold with the fact that Ihnm&nont tho entire country east of the Alls ffhaiiv mountains more than halt of the iirhm-val forests have lieen destroyed, and the rainfall is much less than it was a century and less ago. The summer rains, upon which the fertility and lohabitaoility of a country must clnelly depend are itreatlv lessened, and scarcely Berva once ii five years to produce fair crops. Long continued drouths dunutr the summer season occur wit) alarming frequency in districts where 50 years ago a scarcity of rain was unkuowu. Creeks that within this century flowed past sylvan hanks and grassy meadows, bearing to the sea the water of a thoiiBand springs, now llow by bare hills seamed with gullies, and hy bare and sedgy fields, carrying so little water as to be often dry during the summer, i ue memories oi im kl men are burdened with such narratives The mountains of central and southern I'flunsyl Tania have been denuded of their forests, anc no longer does the Susquehaunah send its wonted volume of water to the sea. Tho great rivers of western Pennsylvania are considera bly diminished in (low, but not materially, as the forests around their sources, btflU in rugged and distant mountains, remain for the moat oart undisturbed. ThrMffhoot the eidire New kuidand States the small streams are uone, ami they can no longer sutiice t turn the wheels of the mills. The Connecticut river no longer tarries a large and constant stream, but by the learinc of the forests around its sources, has been converted into an ordinarily insignificant stream, and during periods ol raiuiall into UOOKING BEEFSTEAK Although we cannot endorse the very sweep log statement made by QoL higersoil in his speech at the IVoria fair, says Clara Francis in tho Pratrit Famir, that "frM beefsteak is not lit for a beast," we mint confess that a oholoi port house, or sirloin steak is materi ally injured, in our own estimation, by being tnptnd in any other manner than 'broiled UW ft DM of lira coals, or, what wo mirstdvoa OM for the purpOM and (UM far more satisfac tory and convenient a Klorencu oil stove. Kvery one may not Ih able to obtain clioico steaks; they may lack either the means, or the opportunity, and pnninlv bt destitute of the facilities tor broiling. An inditforvnt siiltsti- Kulel. When a leg or an arm is severely 1 f', ,"J , ?T hissing oisture in oonioui rains. This nuriatm-e iM wtmndwl thk-re may I no bleiHling; in this easo : ..IV km,i i,.t)1 thia . ... .,. .tMt ,lini, . mite rapidly precipitated, the rainfall being BO raise the Limb on a cushion above tho level of put, without seasoning of any kind, and eookod 1 the body, ftn.1 carefully watch the wounded i art, so that the first bleeding may be seen. inches or more in luisiana and only half much in Illinois. Were the prairies well Wooded lAr iiuov r.-nri u,,n .1 I ,11 ..,,.., .1 ... Bummer. Ahhoiu-h the Valkv f the Misi. I Uule 2. Should there lie much bleeding, nut sippi now receives its Itttntner rains from the I on the elastic tube as soon as possible (see rule tropical monsoon over the low lands of Louil-1 8)i but if you have not got the tube mar, raise iana, even without the aid of forests, the ease the limb Aft blfih W 00 Qfttt above the level of would Ire far different if the northern shores of the body, and act as follows: tho Gulf of Mexico were lined by high and A. If blood seems to come smartly from OM snowy mountain. Then the monsoon moisture point, place your linger or thumb firmly on that would nearly all bo caught upon the mountains point, aud stop up tho place from which the and very little would eroftf them to fall a rain blood is coming. upon the prairies. The latter Would become I H. li 'yon cannot see whence the blood flows, as dry during the summer as the interior of then roll ' mi your handkerchief or cap, and with California, and without irrigation be as sterile it press firmly ou tho bleeding part, not forget and nninhftbitftblo. There could bono recourse ting to keep the limb raised up. against their inhabitabtlity except to artificially j Note. In cose of light bleeding, either of cover them with forests. 1 these means just given (rule li, A aud ) w ill The hyitothetieal case of the MisMpm val- L'fiiiT;illv sntlieient, tlie limb living kept ley is in fact that of IVru; the same wind that raised up, blows the moisture from the south Atlantic to- 1 Rule i There is no difficult whatever in ard the QUI of Mexico, blows also ftcrotl putting on the elastic tube. 1-et the limb be raging torrent. w h CURIOUS) RESULT Of COMl'hKX (iUAFTlNU. Braiil toward Pan. but its moisture is nearly I held up as high as poasihle, then stretch the nil vfasaUd hv thu snowv summits of the MM ti the full; wind it while itreUhetl name tlv m IMmwllW. ithot a cover Tin it often, and in a few minutes the steak can tie seasoned aud removed to a lint platter, the least dash of bailing water shaken In the fry ing pftn, and turned over it; when served it Wul be lOUUd to he juicv aud VWV naiaUhlai not equal in favor to ft nicely bn'iilod steak, in vastly superior to one iriid aeeordim. tn the common method. A tenth steak ftanml u this maimer, or broiled. Ift ftUVthlna1 but an. iwtizinu and we woiiol prefer some other MatU of dressing it. A good steak is not btneflted hv poundingi on the contrary it is injured, hut ft tough steak should lie pounded until it looks uTgeU, and the uiors are well broken, I'oeook a round or shoulder ftteak. ronn.1 thoroughly, then cut it into pieces about throe inches MUftro, Spread each piece with SOCM hopped onion, and i-pniikle the latter w ith unit Roll each one up separately and secure them losely with a small skewer or items BlaiH them in a frying pftQ with a very little chopped suet, cover closely and cook until they ro a nice brown, then dash ovr thorn a cupful of boiling water; replace the covor ami let them simmer slowly until perfectly tender, adding more lioiluii! water it necessary, when thev should lie seasoned with pointer and salt anil i with the gravy in which they were TRIALS OF LIFE Wo start upon life's journey full of hope, full of gladness, and full of joyous ambition, conH- lent in our in Mreiii-Ui and in t he Hin.iiort t riondft ami kindred stationed round aUmt us, hi whom we lean with ureat satisfaction: hut as years iiass on one of the outposts, the sup. lorts, falls; and then another and another, Men succeeding year, leaving one or more the loss. For a while we scarcely miss the acquaint auces And friends of our childhood, for we have so many ; but as time rolls on the number la conics so small that each additional toss makes greater void, l-ather. mother, brothers, sis ters, our old nelghbort, all gone ; thr minister oi our yomn nas grown gray helorens he, too, bus passed away ; and beyond a Melusilmata here and another there, nothing is left ti con. nect us with the times and the. home of nur chlldhiKHl, ftiul Btich ft feeling of desolation oomoa ovor us that wo are ready Ui ink in ier foot helplessness ami despair. To the old who may chance to read these linra, tho snggestiou is made, which, if wisely heeded, may save the body from sinking under the whelming load, and it is this : lie who made us is the Kathor i us all, and the diftmnunimni of this hfe ftsa lesigned to prepare in tho mom certainly for a Waiitiful existence I-.-m.ihI the grave, and to enable us t. make tho transition with the least lence, ami at the same time to train us I.. those habitudes of heart which will the more levate us in the world Iwyoud ; be arranges that N shall learn to loan loss ou ourselves, less on -thers, ami more no Himself, as the wearv man leans on ft sUH , sod the sooner Wt lKgiii thus U lean the happier we shall I- in time, and the more ready hull we find ourselves to take up the roturiileas journey without a murmur and without a sigh. Um Journal of Vhilethe mountain streams of the Atlantic oast are diminishing, and threaten to become txtinct. execut dunmz the time of rainfall, till more calamitous has been tho effect of tree destruction uiHn the climate. In some districts the me in niinii.il rainfall is not materially re ducod, but its usual and necessftry form of lis irihotinn is altered. Where once rainv sum mera were known, they are now unknown, ami the rain falls mostly in winter. In many dis tricts farming can no longer be made profitable, fti the summer rains often fail, and drouth de stroys the growing crops. If we ftalt for the KEA80N or THIS FAILURE OF RAINFALL We ftre able in reply to assert that it is not due to any coamical causes, but that it is wholly owing to the ravages of man in his endeavors to rob nature of her leafy covering and transpiring forms in order to minister to his teltishness ftnd greed. A century ftgo the Atlantic- coast was densely wooded; both summer rains and winter snows were abundant and in season; the climate was temperate nd even, ftnd the earth smiled with the harvest At nrMont tht. conditions are materially chanced With a stnuige ignorance of forestry, nd a furious disregard of all the instincts of natural self-defence, the people have allowed those tailed "owners" to fell the forest that all have so irreat an interest in preserving, ftnd ti bring ftppmaching desolation upon an entire territory. While ignorant of the causes and the remedy, they notice the unfavorable iLu, -. nf rlimato: that the summer raim are failing; that great storms with deluges of rain are more frequent and more destructive; that the streams are drying up: that the so m aaera are becoming dryer and hotter, and the winters more stormy and cold. These results iftv be iustlv chanred upon the unrestrained ftnd indiscriminate destruction of the forests; ftnd thftt it is no worse is in consequence of the suatom si Kaateni farmers of preserving n-me woodland for domestic fuel, to the immense too sumption of coal, and to the fact of ft few primitive forests still remaining upon lofty and Andea mountains, forming the aourcea of tho and round the hre limb, ftnd faatcn tho hook. nihility Amazon, while I'wrti mum the wcat ifttHMSnw www inwr. !" receives scarcely any rain at all. Tho same aubetantially may lie said of the entire western coast of equatorial America, and the western coast of Mexico. As to the California coaat it will be shown hereafter that the At lantic monsoon never reaches it. - HSHWi Htt, in I'ticijic Ilurnl Prr. Note. If bleeding still goes on after the tule has lieen pot on, you may Itu sure it is not ligli eiiiiiiiih, Vou hail tetter, therefore, with th limb still raised, take off the tube and apply it again more tightly than Dctore. lilllc 4. I In: l II IM most, im iiaci-u nrn.r m wounded part that ia, lietweeu it and the ImmU A. When the leg or fMit is injureil, apply the tulM! just alMive the knee; n tn. Knee or iinui be wouudel, then place it higher up on th thiirh. Ft. If the hand or what be wounded, put on the tube lrlow the elbow; if IiIimhI come from the elbow or arm, then put ou thu tulw higher tin near the shoulder. Hule 5. If the limb be wounded so near the trunk thftt VOn cannot put on the tube, th you must do your lieat to stop the bleeding h one of tim iilsiis named in rule 'J. Kule fi If the injured man baa to be carried far, either to a hoapitai or U ins Home mind: A. To keen him warm with clothing. .' To keep the limb continuously raised oo cushions. C, To look out (or bleeding. ' Not to give too much brandy, especially if you have not been able to put on the tube. ltuvio away Rim Or. T. C. Hmitli, of Salem, has mftde an imKirtant discovery how to rid a building of rata. It is an improvement over the old method of burning the building. First he caught a rodent alive, Nest he i-oured Thfv are having a mining war at Central i OftrinUfl acuUvcr hie raUlnp and then sent him City itekote, Tlie miners who took poaseaanm adrift. His brothers, siaU.ra, distant relatives ,.( the Keets mine in lieu of arrears ft! pay still and ac,uaintanea didn't admire the fragrant . . . . Tl.. I... ;. ,1... . 11 ,.l.,r rn.il. I cm. 111. led t" le.ivr for lie-re JW eo'mmunication with the Hidden Treasure mine. ' aUe quarters. The result was not ftTftl could ..i ' r.tr.t il.r.,1, .i. the tiiiiu.l : In; found about the place. Mr. Smith is a real when the light Itecomea too hot tor them. All efforts at a compromise have failed, and unless the Sheriff burns the timtwrs of the shaft and attempts to starve tham they have the best of the game. It t for a Variety. For the sake of a change we give a recipe for cooking snails: throw mem in nouing water in wiuh you put some wood ashes, leave them in mi iney nave thrown their cover wide Open, wbJftfa will take about I., minutes; then lake mem on, pui. them nut of the shell with a fork, place them lukewarm water and leave two hours; next rub them in your hands and then soak in cold water; rub them again with your hands, in J uatcr two or three t -. ciiaiiiiiiL' me water each time, so aa to take away moat ot their sliniiness. Wash the shells in lukewarm water with a scrubbing brush ami drain them when clean. Then put in a stew-iaii four nces of butter for ;() suails and set it on a good fire; when melted sprinkle in it a tea BiMwnful of rtour, stirring awhile; then add a teaapoonful of parsley OftQppftft tine, two sprigs ol thyme, a lay leaf, a pint of white wine and then the snails, which you have previously put back into their shells; cover the whole with rm broth, boil centlv till tlie sauce is reduced and the snails are cooked, and serve them mouth upward and tilled with sauce. genius aud friend of humanity and uulHirn gen eratious will vet rise up and bless hia memory Portland has a few rata and a fruitful Held for testing the merits of Mr. Smith's discovery ift presented. bo will try it: A1PF.CUUAK ill APT. Uuite a curiosity in uraftinn mav I.,- seen r.n Mr. lAjwelling's pjftftft in Alameda county. Hy studying the engraving on this page the compli cation! of these grafts may I seen. This graft bleuda into one tree five varieties of tho apple. The four bftftl stocks were onumallv four ind- pendent trees, standing at the angles of a aquare, ftbonbfottl feet apart. The tops of these were mod to each other, and united in a comp el graft, after winch interlacing branches were united by graft at each point of MMtftftt form- It were, a Perfect framework for an ab original wigwam. Uhii the top, at the aei of 'lis growing structure, another gralt was set, which has grown to l- a large Itearing tree. This skillful warning of nature was executed IA years ago, by Mr. J. towelling, and ia, jmr tiaNt, the most perfect sjiecimen of complet grafting on this oast. It is ijuiu a curiosity. I'arijir Moral I'rtta. OmHUWI OatwraA-Several lady revlera of the Inttr-Ortan send their metlKsls of oook ing oatmeal: Take a cup and a half of meal (coarse) and a nineh of salt, nut in a two on art tin pad. and fill it up with boiling water, put on the cover tight, and boil in a kettle half full of water fur an hour and a half. To lie served warm or cold, with cream and sugar. Anuthcr was given by a Scotch lady: Take one cup of oatmeal and put to soak in enough watr to cover nicely; then take one quart of water, put in a kettle, and let it come to boil ing heat; then salt and stir in the oatmeal; hi sure and lot it soak while the water is beat mg; ftftftl about 30 minutes; then pour in a mold and let it I . it is excellent. Another: W hatever the quantity of oatmeal desired fur one cookiug, put in salt and cold water enough to cover the meal, over night. In the morning add just ao much boiling water, in quantity, as there waft of the dry oatmeal, awl uMik it, beiug sure to stir it very frequently while cooking. Fifteen minutee is uaually long enough. The iuantity of salt must, of course, lw according to the taste; ami possibly the quantity of water, as some will want it thicker thftn other after cooked.
