December.
THE W EST SHORE.
51
TrE Wesj SHore,
A Sixteen Page Monthly Illustrated Paper, published it
1Njrtlam, Obbuus, by L SAill'EL.
BniRM OFPHM -Morrison Strict, between 5thnnil lith,
ewci'dy iiiHinit(! the t'ontotnee
TKltMS OF SrtlSCItll'TlOX,
tlncludtiur Postage to any .-un el the t'niied States);
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Postage to lorttgn countries, 2i cent additional
gS' Subscription must he paid in advance, and sli
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Remittal ices can be made hy registered letter, or In
erder Ml any Uw 1'ortland hunine&a house.
TREKS AND RAINFALL
FARM SURGERY.
UU tains tthpni it 1 mil ....,'
mi I'KAIIilEN. tl : t: -u t .4
Of the Valley of tl.e Mi,.,,.,,; ri.er, .,.,1 it. j . , TZZj-uZ
tribuUriw, poatn few lort.ui j,t uunnwr ""' "I"" ul" ohtokiap tl.e Hood whlrt
rains usually fall in unplfl rolnou to mature loWI from tlie wownil which the onomtion rv
eropa. Tlieae prairies would long ago have U-in eeives. One of the U-st instrument! known or
T"?'' ,:i,,".d"". -l't (r W.I meteor sl.,.,,. , ,, , ft ,.
eooouions. me i.rainis, as well Ml ,,, ., ... . ... . . .
the country east of the Alleghany mountain., "M lu"1- " ' " "tartk "
receive their suinmer ruins hy.ihe QondetlMtioU , which may lie pild around the limit as tightly
of moisture from the groat equatorial monso. as laissihlo ami then its ends hooked together liv
jSuSTj ti A'lr,,'k'' '""""'"ii","il'dvehl,,,. This form. . ,icrfeot Upton
iuii stream to the shore of UmuUim ud en . , ,
wring the low lands of tho Valley of the Mis- lmj l-uil" given some vrnctioal rule
dssippi. The nuotoon being a bat wind, end which should bt pMttd Dp in ivwy workshop
"tnrated with moisture fthlgb. tetnumtart, I ud in every fem-honee b tho Uukti
Aft it blOWt Over the cooler land Is o,.f ,.,,,,,...1 I ... . ....
below its riftw.tutint n,,,l t,V.7i"7iV. I tMH 1. H lien ft leg or hi win is severely
The supertioialist, when viewing tho desert
and its ruined memorials of the former grandeur
1 its people, is apt to lee! sorrow and pity for
the wasted land and the misery of it inhab
itants; but this should not le so, for it is, in
fact, but the working of nature's revenges
against her ilespoilers and is a fitting and just
punishment for destroying the rain-producing
le-resta. When a people, in their ignoraneu and
selfishness, destroy their forests, they are uni
fornily and deservedly punished by extermina
linn, inasmuch as their heme is made a desert.
All countries that are heavily wooded are
favored with copious rains because they are
wooded, and are wooded because of the rains.
Grass and Bhrubbery cannot long grow or
flourish far away from the influence of forests,
as grass cannot by its own rain-producing power
sustain itself. '1 o increase the means of physi
eal and ineutal pleasure and to furnish suhsis
teucc for larger numbers, the soil Bhould be
stimulated to its highest productivity. Tim
productivity cannot, however, he obtained by
slearing away the forests and thereby increasing
their area of plow-land, but rather hy retaining
due proportion of forest ami bestowing addi
tional labor upon the remaining land. The
desert is even now approaching many a fair
valley and the sand is destined to cover many
portions of the earth now occupied by powerful
nations, because they are destroying their
forests and are inviting and will receive the
desert. The same causes will produce the
tame results aB of old.
THE EFFECT IM OUR OWN COUNTRY.
Turning our attention now to the influence of
trees upon rainfall in our own country, we are
met upon the threshold with the fact that
Ihnm&nont tho entire country east of the Alls
ffhaiiv mountains more than halt of the iirhm-val
forests have lieen destroyed, and the rainfall is
much less than it was a century and less ago.
The summer rains, upon which the fertility and
lohabitaoility of a country must clnelly depend
are itreatlv lessened, and scarcely Berva once ii
five years to produce fair crops. Long continued
drouths dunutr the summer season occur wit)
alarming frequency in districts where 50 years
ago a scarcity of rain was unkuowu. Creeks
that within this century flowed past sylvan
hanks and grassy meadows, bearing to the sea
the water of a thoiiBand springs, now llow by
bare hills seamed with gullies, and hy bare and
sedgy fields, carrying so little water as to be often
dry during the summer, i ue memories oi im
kl men are burdened with such narratives
The mountains of central and southern I'flunsyl
Tania have been denuded of their forests, anc
no longer does the Susquehaunah send its
wonted volume of water to the sea. Tho great
rivers of western Pennsylvania are considera
bly diminished in (low, but not materially, as
the forests around their sources, btflU in rugged
and distant mountains, remain for the moat
oart undisturbed. ThrMffhoot the eidire New
kuidand States the small streams are uone, ami
they can no longer sutiice t turn the wheels of
the mills. The Connecticut river no longer
tarries a large and constant stream, but by the
learinc of the forests around its sources, has
been converted into an ordinarily insignificant
stream, and during periods ol raiuiall into
UOOKING BEEFSTEAK
Although we cannot endorse the very sweep
log statement made by QoL higersoil in his
speech at the IVoria fair, says Clara Francis in
tho Pratrit Famir, that "frM beefsteak is
not lit for a beast," we mint confess that a
oholoi port house, or sirloin steak is materi
ally injured, in our own estimation, by being
tnptnd in any other manner than 'broiled
UW ft DM of lira coals, or, what wo mirstdvoa
OM for the purpOM and (UM far more satisfac
tory and convenient a Klorencu oil stove.
Kvery one may not Ih able to obtain clioico
steaks; they may lack either the means, or the
opportunity, and pnninlv bt destitute of the
facilities tor broiling. An inditforvnt siiltsti-
Kulel. When a leg or an arm is severely 1 f', ,"J , ?T hissing
oisture in oonioui rains. This nuriatm-e iM wtmndwl thk-re may I no bleiHling; in this easo : ..IV km,i i,.t)1 thia . ... .,. .tMt ,lini, .
mite rapidly precipitated, the rainfall being BO raise the Limb on a cushion above tho level of put, without seasoning of any kind, and eookod
1 the body, ftn.1 carefully watch the wounded
i art, so that the first bleeding may be seen.
inches or more in luisiana and only half
much in Illinois. Were the prairies well
Wooded lAr iiuov r.-nri u,,n .1 I ,11 ..,,.., .1 ...
Bummer. Ahhoiu-h the Valkv f the Misi. I Uule 2. Should there lie much bleeding, nut
sippi now receives its Itttntner rains from the I on the elastic tube as soon as possible (see rule
tropical monsoon over the low lands of Louil-1 8)i but if you have not got the tube mar, raise
iana, even without the aid of forests, the ease the limb Aft blfih W 00 Qfttt above the level of
would Ire far different if the northern shores of the body, and act as follows:
tho Gulf of Mexico were lined by high and A. If blood seems to come smartly from OM
snowy mountain. Then the monsoon moisture point, place your linger or thumb firmly on that
would nearly all bo caught upon the mountains point, aud stop up tho place from which the
and very little would eroftf them to fall a rain blood is coming.
upon the prairies. The latter Would become I H. li 'yon cannot see whence the blood flows,
as dry during the summer as the interior of then roll ' mi your handkerchief or cap, and with
California, and without irrigation be as sterile it press firmly ou tho bleeding part, not forget
and nninhftbitftblo. There could bono recourse ting to keep the limb raised up.
against their inhabitabtlity except to artificially j Note. In cose of light bleeding, either of
cover them with forests. 1 these means just given (rule li, A aud ) w ill
The hyitothetieal case of the MisMpm val- L'fiiiT;illv sntlieient, tlie limb living kept
ley is in fact that of IVru; the same wind that raised up,
blows the moisture from the south Atlantic to- 1 Rule i There is no difficult whatever in
ard the QUI of Mexico, blows also ftcrotl putting on the elastic tube. 1-et the limb be
raging torrent.
w h
CURIOUS) RESULT Of COMl'hKX (iUAFTlNU.
Braiil toward Pan. but its moisture is nearly I held up as high as poasihle, then stretch the
nil vfasaUd hv thu snowv summits of the MM ti the full; wind it while itreUhetl name
tlv m IMmwllW. ithot a cover Tin
it often, and in a few minutes the steak can tie
seasoned aud removed to a lint platter, the
least dash of bailing water shaken In the fry
ing pftn, and turned over it; when served it
Wul be lOUUd to he juicv aud VWV naiaUhlai
not equal in favor to ft nicely bn'iilod steak,
in vastly superior to one iriid aeeordim. tn
the common method. A tenth steak ftanml
u this maimer, or broiled. Ift ftUVthlna1 but an.
iwtizinu and we woiiol prefer some other MatU
of dressing it. A good steak is not btneflted hv
poundingi on the contrary it is injured, hut ft
tough steak should lie pounded until it looks
uTgeU, and the uiors are well broken,
I'oeook a round or shoulder ftteak. ronn.1
thoroughly, then cut it into pieces about throe
inches MUftro, Spread each piece with SOCM
hopped onion, and i-pniikle the latter w ith unit
Roll each one up separately and secure them
losely with a small skewer or items BlaiH
them in a frying pftQ with a very little chopped
suet, cover closely and cook until they ro a
nice brown, then dash ovr thorn a cupful of
boiling water; replace the covor ami let them
simmer slowly until perfectly tender, adding
more lioiluii! water it necessary, when thev
should lie seasoned with pointer and salt anil
i with the gravy in which they were
TRIALS OF LIFE
Wo start upon life's journey full of hope, full
of gladness, and full of joyous ambition, conH-
lent in our in Mreiii-Ui and in t he Hin.iiort t
riondft ami kindred stationed round aUmt us,
hi whom we lean with ureat satisfaction: hut
as years iiass on one of the outposts, the sup.
lorts, falls; and then another and another,
Men succeeding year, leaving one or more the
loss. For a while we scarcely miss the acquaint
auces And friends of our childhood, for we have
so many ; but as time rolls on the number la
conics so small that each additional toss makes
greater void, l-ather. mother, brothers, sis
ters, our old nelghbort, all gone ; thr minister
oi our yomn nas grown gray helorens he, too,
bus passed away ; and beyond a Melusilmata
here and another there, nothing is left ti con.
nect us with the times and the. home of nur
chlldhiKHl, ftiul Btich ft feeling of desolation
oomoa ovor us that wo are ready Ui ink in ier
foot helplessness ami despair. To the old who
may chance to read these linra, tho snggestiou
is made, which, if wisely heeded, may save the
body from sinking under the whelming load,
and it is this : lie who made us is the Kathor
i us all, and the diftmnunimni of this hfe ftsa
lesigned to prepare in tho mom certainly for a
Waiitiful existence I-.-m.ihI the grave, and to
enable us t. make tho transition with the least
lence, ami at the same time to train us I..
those habitudes of heart which will the more
levate us in the world Iwyoud ; be arranges that
N shall learn to loan loss ou ourselves, less on
-thers, ami more no Himself, as the wearv man
leans on ft sUH , sod the sooner Wt lKgiii thus
U lean the happier we shall I- in time, and the
more ready hull we find ourselves to take up
the roturiileas journey without a murmur and
without a sigh. Um Journal of
Vhilethe mountain streams of the Atlantic
oast are diminishing, and threaten to become
txtinct. execut dunmz the time of rainfall,
till more calamitous has been tho effect of tree
destruction uiHn the climate. In some districts
the me in niinii.il rainfall is not materially re
ducod, but its usual and necessftry form of lis
irihotinn is altered. Where once rainv sum
mera were known, they are now unknown, ami
the rain falls mostly in winter. In many dis
tricts farming can no longer be made profitable,
fti the summer rains often fail, and drouth de
stroys the growing crops.
If we ftalt for the
KEA80N or THIS FAILURE OF RAINFALL
We ftre able in reply to assert that it is not
due to any coamical causes, but that it is
wholly owing to the ravages of man in his
endeavors to rob nature of her leafy covering
and transpiring forms in order to minister to
his teltishness ftnd greed. A century ftgo the
Atlantic- coast was densely wooded; both
summer rains and winter snows were abundant
and in season; the climate was temperate nd
even, ftnd the earth smiled with the harvest At
nrMont tht. conditions are materially chanced
With a stnuige ignorance of forestry, nd a
furious disregard of all the instincts of natural
self-defence, the people have allowed those
tailed "owners" to fell the forest that all have
so irreat an interest in preserving, ftnd ti
bring ftppmaching desolation upon an entire
territory. While ignorant of the causes and
the remedy, they notice the unfavorable
iLu, -. nf rlimato: that the summer raim
are failing; that great storms with deluges
of rain are more frequent and more destructive;
that the streams are drying up: that the so m
aaera are becoming dryer and hotter, and the
winters more stormy and cold. These results
iftv be iustlv chanred upon the unrestrained
ftnd indiscriminate destruction of the forests;
ftnd thftt it is no worse is in consequence of the
suatom si Kaateni farmers of preserving n-me
woodland for domestic fuel, to the immense
too sumption of coal, and to the fact of ft few
primitive forests still remaining upon lofty and
Andea mountains, forming the aourcea of tho and round the hre limb, ftnd faatcn tho hook.
nihility Amazon, while I'wrti mum the wcat ifttHMSnw www inwr.
!" receives scarcely any rain at all.
Tho
same aubetantially may lie said of the entire
western coast of equatorial America, and the
western coast of Mexico. As to the California
coaat it will be shown hereafter that the At
lantic monsoon never reaches it. - HSHWi
Htt, in I'ticijic Ilurnl Prr.
Note. If bleeding still goes on after the tule
has lieen pot on, you may Itu sure it is not ligli
eiiiiiiiih, Vou hail tetter, therefore, with th
limb still raised, take off the tube and apply it
again more tightly than Dctore.
lilllc 4. I In: l II IM most, im iiaci-u nrn.r m
wounded part that ia, lietweeu it and the ImmU
A. When the leg or fMit is injureil, apply the
tulM! just alMive the knee; n tn. Knee or iinui
be wouudel, then place it higher up on th
thiirh.
Ft. If the hand or what be wounded, put on
the tube lrlow the elbow; if IiIimhI come from
the elbow or arm, then put ou thu tulw higher
tin near the shoulder.
Hule 5. If the limb be wounded so near the
trunk thftt VOn cannot put on the tube, th
you must do your lieat to stop the bleeding h
one of tim iilsiis named in rule 'J.
Kule fi If the injured man baa to be carried
far, either to a hoapitai or U ins Home
mind:
A. To keen him warm with clothing.
.' To keep the limb continuously raised oo
cushions.
C, To look out (or bleeding.
' Not to give too much brandy, especially
if you have not been able to put on the tube.
ltuvio away Rim Or. T. C. Hmitli, of
Salem, has mftde an imKirtant discovery how
to rid a building of rata. It is an improvement
over the old method of burning the building.
First he caught a rodent alive, Nest he i-oured
Thfv are having a mining war at Central i OftrinUfl acuUvcr hie raUlnp and then sent him
City itekote, Tlie miners who took poaseaanm adrift. His brothers, siaU.ra, distant relatives
,.( the Keets mine in lieu of arrears ft! pay still and ac,uaintanea didn't admire the fragrant
. . . . Tl.. I... ;. ,1... . 11 ,.l.,r rn.il. I cm. 111. led t" le.ivr for lie-re JW
eo'mmunication with the Hidden Treasure mine. ' aUe quarters. The result was not ftTftl could
..i ' r.tr.t il.r.,1, .i. the tiiiiu.l : In; found about the place. Mr. Smith is a real
when the light Itecomea too hot tor them. All
efforts at a compromise have failed, and unless
the Sheriff burns the timtwrs of the shaft and
attempts to starve tham they have the best of
the game.
It t for a Variety. For the sake of a
change we give a recipe for cooking snails:
throw mem in nouing water in wiuh you
put some wood ashes, leave them in mi iney nave
thrown their cover wide Open, wbJftfa will take
about I., minutes; then lake mem on, pui.
them nut of the shell with a fork, place them
lukewarm water and leave two hours; next
rub them in your hands and then soak in cold
water; rub them again with your hands, in
J uatcr two or three t -. ciiaiiiiiiL' me
water each time, so aa to take away moat ot
their sliniiness. Wash the shells in lukewarm
water with a scrubbing brush ami drain them
when clean. Then put in a stew-iaii four
nces of butter for ;() suails and set it on a
good fire; when melted sprinkle in it a tea
BiMwnful of rtour, stirring awhile; then add a
teaapoonful of parsley OftQppftft tine, two sprigs
ol thyme, a lay leaf, a pint of white wine and
then the snails, which you have previously put
back into their shells; cover the whole with
rm broth, boil centlv till tlie sauce is reduced
and the snails are cooked, and serve them mouth
upward and tilled with sauce.
genius aud friend of humanity and uulHirn gen
eratious will vet rise up and bless hia memory
Portland has a few rata and a fruitful Held for
testing the merits of Mr. Smith's discovery ift
presented. bo will try it:
A1PF.CUUAK ill APT.
Uuite a curiosity in uraftinn mav I.,- seen r.n
Mr. lAjwelling's pjftftft in Alameda county. Hy
studying the engraving on this page the compli
cation! of these grafts may I seen. This graft
bleuda into one tree five varieties of tho apple.
The four bftftl stocks were onumallv four ind-
pendent trees, standing at the angles of a aquare,
ftbonbfottl feet apart. The tops of these were
mod to each other, and united in a comp el
graft, after winch interlacing branches were
united by graft at each point of MMtftftt form-
It were, a Perfect framework for an ab
original wigwam. Uhii the top, at the aei of
'lis growing structure, another gralt was set,
which has grown to l- a large Itearing tree.
This skillful warning of nature was executed
IA years ago, by Mr. J. towelling, and ia, jmr
tiaNt, the most perfect sjiecimen of complet
grafting on this oast. It is ijuiu a curiosity.
I'arijir Moral I'rtta.
OmHUWI OatwraA-Several lady revlera
of the Inttr-Ortan send their metlKsls of oook
ing oatmeal: Take a cup and a half of meal
(coarse) and a nineh of salt, nut in a two on art
tin pad. and fill it up with boiling water, put
on the cover tight, and boil in a kettle half full
of water fur an hour and a half. To lie served
warm or cold, with cream and sugar.
Anuthcr was given by a Scotch lady: Take
one cup of oatmeal and put to soak in enough
watr to cover nicely; then take one quart of
water, put in a kettle, and let it come to boil
ing heat; then salt and stir in the oatmeal;
hi sure and lot it soak while the water is beat
mg; ftftftl about 30 minutes; then pour in a mold
and let it I . it is excellent.
Another: W hatever the quantity of oatmeal
desired fur one cookiug, put in salt and cold
water enough to cover the meal, over night. In
the morning add just ao much boiling water, in
quantity, as there waft of the dry oatmeal, awl
uMik it, beiug sure to stir it very frequently
while cooking. Fifteen minutee is uaually long
enough. The iuantity of salt must, of course,
lw according to the taste; ami possibly the
quantity of water, as some will want it thicker
thftn other after cooked.