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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 1, 1877)
December. THE WEST SHORE. 61 HOW TO KEEP BOYS ON THE FARM. The following address was recently delivered before the Warsaw (Illinois) Horticultural Society ly Charles Hay: How to counteract city uflaanoa and keep boys on the farm is the subject of our essay. A more difficult question on a more Important subject to treat could not well lie selected for a horticultural or an agricultural essay. The tendency of all rural popahtioat) both in this country and in Europe, tor the last half cen tury, has been to congregate in cities. How to counteract wns icuueucy is me question oe lore us. Cities may be thought to afford more oppor tunities and facilities for Requiring knowledge than the country and occasionally fortunes are more readily accumulated in the city than in the country, yet tuc lauures in ut.qaiiing wealth or even a competency in the city art much more frequent than in the country. The facilities for acquiring knowledge in the country as well as the city is the main point to be con sidered in iii'' discussion of thisquustiuii. How ehall we present to thu miuds of the. young men of the country those advantages of culture, of acquiring that retiiiemeut of taste, those means of rising in the social scale, which arc so apt to be thought only attainable iu the city, is the question. How to acquire knowledge in the tirst place and then how to apply that knowledge when once acquired, so as to render its possessor happy and contented on the farm, is the ques tion. I would say in the tirst place, let us endeavor to introduce into country homes as far as possible the advantaged of culture to be found iu the cities. If possible, it would be well that every head of a family in the country should be an in structor. If our boys on the farm could find jeeted, both in ancient and modern times, they are an educated and intelligent people. Thev were intelligent people when they tirat fettled there. Every head of a family was an instruc tor. According to the literature "f that day in the most northern parts of Europe, and long before the revival of learning in more southern Europe, they had introduced the best of the Grew and Roman literature amongst them. They had produced their authors m poetry, science aud general literature. They produced their statesmen and writers on political econ omy, while more southern Enrol-, favored with a more genial and more productive soil and climate, was still clouded in nwdhaval darkness. One of the most eloquent pages ot Qibboo is devote! to the description of the en lightened condition of the people on this small island, while the rest of more wealthy aud highly-favored Europe were groping iii ignorance and superstition. Famine has occa- times a continual struggle against want. Their dependence on the sea lor a large portion of their living early made them adventurers on that element, and they now claim the honor of having discovered our norther continent four centuries before Columbus was born. They celebrated their 1,000th anniversary in 1874 most of the Europeans sending representatives on tlie occasion: our ow iiUoverimient, 1 believe, being represented in the person, it' 1 mistakt not, of liayard Taylor. But how has it been that a colony of Norwe gians in the ninth century should pOIIOM such a literary population iu the midst of pOTCrky and destitution 1 The reason is at hand. It was a literary colony at the commencement. Every head of a family was eapable of instruct ing the minora in the household. In thu long hours of the winter evening, where the sun only shone from four to live hours iu the day, it was the custom for one to read while other niembers of the family InWcd; for all had to The recent commotions in our larger cities fully prove this. High social and official position is not incom patible with a country residence and farm labor. Our Vice-1 'resident in Mr. Lincoln's tirst admin istration was then a farmer on 10 acre of land Nathaniel Macon, one of the most distinguished statesmen of the South in its palmiest days, was a very successful farmer, and labored with his own hands on the farm. John Randolph once said of him that he was the wisest man he ever knew. But why talk to sensible men or sensible boys and young men aWiit the respoeti bility of farming aud farmers. Does not all the world know that the wealth of the world must come from the soil? What nation in an cient or modern times ever Kvame great that did not DIM its prosperity upon the farming in terests And what nation jis a (siwer has not disappeared from the map of the world when its agriculture declined? Look at the old As- .swiaii. iuii, Iiiiil.ui uili. i . i.-i u. . :aiirc : t no hears of them now only as he reads ancient his tory 7 Yet travelers tell us all these once pow erful empires night be restored to their former rielies ami power ny wise ami stimuli agricul ture. So might the land of dudea and Asia Minor where ml Russian aud Turk are now fighting for supremacy, a land not worth the cost of the struggle in its present condition. How Wombs Ui s vvtkk Mkn in Knu i..si. We have an English exchange named Iron. It is a hunt -hcarte.l concern ai at march t from the foUowfol quotation: A recent case of misconduct bf I drunken sailor in a third-class railway carriage, the terror of his female fellow travelers, the eommuniea-tion-roH), and the general break down of ordi nary precautions and regulations, has again provoked a demand lor more carriages sev apart for Indie on our principal lines of rail way. Like many other Dries, this last otic is very fill v, and could only have arisen from a congenial spirits in the family circle to Mgfa with and in the neigh liorhood a more enlarged circle for the exercise of intellectual gifts, he would not, if rightly impressed, indulge that spirit of adventure which iniels him to go to the city in search either of knowledge or of fortune, when both may be acquired mm cer tainly iu the country; knowledge quite as certainly aud fortune more certainly, if even in a .lower decree than in the city. The failures in acquiring fortunes suddenly in the city, or even mat a lUi oi mm aim laoor, are uw em mon to escape any I 111 attention who will taki Uu mIm to mnuire into the facts of the Ml Poverty i the rail with our city population generally, and wealth, or even a com pete DOT, the exception. Ute event should impress the tnin.t. ,.f mir hnvs and vomit: uieii very forcibly with regard to the extreme uncertainty of acquiring and preserving a competency in the city. The events of the at few months have giveu 01 a fearful warnimj of the danger ous consequences of a crowded population who danandlnnoa the income of daily, weekly or ' .1.1.. ' I It- uh..i. o commercial .ooouuj - - v :v , . ... ....... tt.r i- I ,.l revulsion comes, such as we nave mm pns aim hiwiji , 7 " . W.V. HUNTING. l t ami aoonoubia both time and mean of subsistence. As ft consequence the penile are not only intelligent and cultivated, hut they are moral above any other people uf Europe. They nre attached to their homes a probably no other people are. Now, if a people dwelling in such a barren inhospitable region can lie coiitente.il with their homes, wny cnuimi the young men, and the older ones, too, of our country, V contented and happy iu their coun try homes, where suWistenee and every comfort of life can bo obtained with only reasonable ei ertion, by all who are Dot debated by indolence or vicious indulgences. Says an Islamite clergy man, in ipeaking of the morality of Ins ootuv tryincn: "The extreme jMiverty of 0OT people lm nmm ,,( tin- chief cailNCS of this morality." Hut a (ioriiian author has truly added, after quoting this remark; there must have been a strong moral inutioauoii i-ioinit (' nm tj ba have sueh an effect; otherwise poverty DfO- dueea a very dilfereut result. Why then, we rejwat. swing such result in the rural pula liun of an island where existence can I; ouly sustained by the strenuous exertions of brain fchmns dorlnmnJu lastltew years. Lei us now hope that if no other good results follow from the late terrible convulsions in our Urge cities on the labor question, that it will teach our hoyi and young men that a comfortable ami independent living may 1 acquired wilh more certainty in the country than in the city. On the subject of dometic traili ng and instruction, if the maiiru ia true that hitery teaches by example, we will call up the history and example of the people of Iceland an island away up in the inortbern ocean, col nniu.1 more than 1.000 veari aim from Norway by an intelligent, moral rural population, who fled frotn religious persecution at llial distant nril t iht harren and inhospitable island, i where their courage and intelligent self-reliant enableil them to maintain themselves in a state of civil and religious liberty. It is a volcanic island, as we all know, and nature has rendered it to far unproductive that life has to Ire main tained by a continual struggle with the elements and the barrenness of the toil. Yet with all the privations to which the inhabitants aresob- I i n l inhabitants on the island, ma we nut lie lu-ve that the rural population of any oontsM of our country, so much more highly blessed with soil and climate, may be taught to understand and Mieve that their welfare and pPqerity may be letter assured in the country than in the city. Especially when Iwginning with an in telligent and moral community Is-forehand, where a fair foundation for future success may belaid. Having a moral foundation to t--.ni with, by cultivating halrita of reading and study within the family circle: by cultivating (esthetic tastes in home adornment; by impressing upon ih minds of the r:-m a ueneratmti that it is Oft all cold that glitters; that the apearaLee of wealth in the cities is often delusive; that there are tnnrv failures in enterprises in the itn th.n m the country: that the acotmition of knowledge or wealth doe not ueeessanly belong to the denizen of the city; that in times of great commercial dUturlswicea. such as we have seen of late years, the population of the cities, fntin the hinhest t the lowest claws, suffer far more than the inhabitants of the country j'nHin completely ignorant of the phenomena of rail wny traveling in tin country. I'h in stitution of a ladies carriage signifies M mneh iraate of ipaoa, ami nothing mora. ihes anu Imt get into the carriage set apart for them. They refuse to do so, either on the Metn)li tanorauy other railway. It is known that our sister hate each other with a hate to which that of men for one another is "as moon light unto sunlight, ami as water unto wine," and that more bitterness i compressed into the short ipaoe ipent in the drawing room after dinner than would last a maie ciuoiorai. mouth, so that it is not wonderful that ladies' carriage should be abandoned to servant aud liabies. The llritifh matron will not, except in church, ! forced to keep to her own side. Do the contrary, she pursues unhappy man even in In amusements, lie cannot yacht, hunt, or even shoot without her: she haunts criminal trials, and at last has pursued the hapless creature into hi club. How, then, can she lie execteil to oe. upy a ladies carriage on a railway? As a proof, however, that the writer who pmiic ladies' carriage i not the only person DMWH the age, we may cite the instance, of the 'ommittee of the LsSOdOM Library, who have set apart a room exclusively for ladies It is a nftf that More iwriietra- ing this rash act the Committee had not visited the reading nom of the British Museum, where unlucky men wamlrr alsuit in hopeless misery, unable to tlnd s scat, while the liart reserve! for ladies is wholly unoccupied, owing to the horror w hich these fair creature niter- for each other, ami tin ir invni'-ible desire to mingle on equal tems with the inferior sex, Vh .lot'KSHY CKE. Half pint ric-e, leaser iM.mful of butter, two tablesiKHtnfuls of milk two tablepfxwifuls of tine rice Hour; loil the rice quite soft, and stir the butter in while hot. If the bread i w snted for breakfast, the rice must be Uriled the night before; and if wanted for tea it must be prepared in time lor it to le , ..in.- cold )efore the other ingredient an tuned in. When ready to bake, stir in the milk and nee Hour; spread the mixture alout half a inch thick, in a ihallow well greased lUke half an hour in a moderate oven. "They all do It" There are few books that comprise as much vicious teaching within the since of four or five hundred panel as is contained in this little phrase "they all do it." which has been pla canlcd on thu bill-hoanls, and called into the ears of the public for some time st. This ia the one sentence which takes the courage com pletely out of youth, searing their conscience as with a red-hot iron, and permitting despair to carry them off molly Into the depths of crime. "Oh, they all do it; why should not you?" That is the suggestion, "That man there lie and cheats, and will commit any crime which the law diH's not make dangerous. So it ia with all of them. There is no use in your try ing to he different from other people." Such is the way the temptation comes to the young man tftrOWO on the w orld with littl" know! edge of it way, and perhaps shielded only by the loose training of an over-foud mother. IVnole are cros-dy unmoral" it is said. "Even temperance advocates get drunk in private; hureh deacons sw indle savings Hanks; all you ee of morality is but a surface show. Iteueath, there is concealed wickedness. Von will lind you must follow the multitude;" and the youth with tlie pleasure oi the world thus held up before hi glowing imagination, and full of Isidily hualtli, plunges forthwith into what he baUavM to be the world. If the devil had concentrated all his cunning during thu centuries which have- elaosed since, his ejection from Paradise, he could not have preduced a more powerful argument with which to conquer the soul of man than this, i nay nu do u. Rut YonUfl man listen. The sentence is n lie: as base and foul a lie a ever was conceived in the mind of man or devil. They rfost'l "all do There are thoiinaiul uihui thousand ol good, pure men and women iu this world, lad a it may seem, wu are leading upright live. l'liev U-licve in Cod. ami in the command of virtue, mid an going along with the happiest re sults to thenUWVN and their ticighlmrs. There are men w ho think that tiny are put into this world not to gratify tbalr own luise apatite, hut to 1h true and noble and high minded men. There are man who would disdain to tell a lie. There are men who would disdain to bo aooaaeory to a w omen's fall. There are men who would disdain to take an advantage in trade, or to do auv other sclliidi or im-an action. There are man who try to be just, alwas, and kindly ImiMi iii words nml feelings to all. There are men who lead hmnble, unpretentious live, and who without making it known to the world are tlailv doing a vast amount ot good among their futlnw men. And. i it strange to ny these men lead ry happy lives and as a rule very successful lives. While the iinpiineipled man may enjoy temporary raoonin, poonei or later he will bui fer for his lack of honesty. There nn a thou sand ways iu w hich v irtue revenge herself upon him. Bttt til one way or another be gets his deserts. There ore plenty of criminal around you, it is true. Rut they am to be pilied, not imitated. Never believe that what some do, all do; make in your own paraon a standing ex ample ol the falsity of "They all do it." .V. ft Mrrrmitilf Journal. BRK HI NTINC The illustration which we give on this jtage, is descriptive of one of the notable incidents of country life, namely, bee hunting. Although baahnntara in then- report! of these advent ure generally report natisfactory returns ill honey, they almost invariably dwell most on the plaaanrable axottamant attending the hunt. Tin programme oi the bee. hunt rariea eotne w hat in different I . i - i A very common mode, and one which we will upsu is Iteing mod by partus in the accompanying picture is follows: Ihc i, n'. i resort hi the daytuno to localities when- these wild sw arm are sup posed to exist, and endeavor to rnticu the boo away from their tree-hive. A common method to accomplish this parpOM U to create a strong but agreeable lor, by filling the ooll of old lumey comlw with aniseed and burning it betw een heated iron or stone, i in attract the bean, and in thu vicinity of these enticing fume, honey or somu other bee food isplai-ed. The been feed oh tins. Wlileli piUnuf, tW I0i mrrry Iftaieh BOOM , tlie lent "Kill "f llilrr Kin ct " Thu liunter follow them iu their llight and tlms ascertain their retreats. At night they repair to thu detected hiding place, provided With axes, torches and vessels for traiixo-t-ing their swunt treasure to their homes. A Fi.v is TUB Kan. Two curious designs are in great favor lor jewelry ami tuoocii imr Mies. One is tin- chicken's daw. Such claws .1,. ., ... I nhlak-M I,, . as lit:dlc J t The ormaaMnt hsik fonnidahlu on velvet Ixiwe. It is also teen for drediiks. ItaU and mice are having a tine scramble over lailius rings and shawl-pins. Itut thu uukindest thing in tins line is tlie real ny. 11 is simpiy mouimi a ntud ami wurn in the ear j lady may take it iu her head to put on "lie only, and a friend ia eure to approach with a compliment, fancying it is real. He w ill I0M wonder at the insects perseverance aim ttnieavor vt lrignien il. wlicii tin- wearer will laugh ami say he been caught. It i ratlu-r .11.. but the old sticking plaster monfhr had no more sense in them. There are so many obnoxious butzing thing in this world that, whether two to six legged, it ia a satisfaction to catch one now and then. ii-m l.tttrr. Finn Lino Mr. CampUll Morilt, ot lUltiui'Te, ML, has recently patented a new method of preserving the juice of lemons, cur rauia, (rnge im ciinrr iruiwi. im no juice, with or without sugar, with any kind of cooked meal, makes tue mass into casna anu liakea them. These eases are afterward ground up and used to make a very jialatable fruit farina. The fruit juices are said to retain their original flavor ami character indefinitely, and thus the fruit bread may lecome a valuable and convenient addition to the daily ration of soldiers in the field.