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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (July 1, 1877)
214 THE WEST SHORE. July. DAIRY ROOMS. We have received frum the publishers, Porter k Uoates, of v.'--' Chestnut street, Philadelphia, a neat pamphlet entitleil "Batter and Butter Making," by Willis P. Hazard, President of the Chidd'l Ford Farmers' ' I u I .. It in pulilished at the nominal price of cents, and is certainly worth the money. It gives the method pursued by those butter makers who supply the Phila delphia market witli the "print butter" which reaches the high prices. Although written for Kastcrn dairymen and fitted t n K.i.-t. m condi tions, there are many suggestive points for but ter makers eveiywhere. We quote a few para graphs on the care and fitting up of dairy rooms: F.verything must lie removed that will impart impure odors or taint the atmosphere of the dairy room, and thus injure the butter. The shoes of the dairymap should be removed when coming from the barnyard, and exchunged out side the spring-house door for another pair kept thrf forth" purpose. Otherwise it would be miosflihlc to prevent currying in sullicieut tilth to taint the atmosphere and communicate it to the milk. Another aource of injury to the taste of butter is tho imperceptible MOT from kero sene lamps, which have often to ! used in the dairy house. This can Imj obviated by having tho l.i hi ' set in sockets, and a pipe leading out side placed over the top of the chimney, which will carry off the tutors. Or a Imx containing the lamp ami reflectors can le so constructed, either built in the wall with glass front on the inside of the housu and opened only from the outside, or arranged in the window. It should project on the outside in either case, so as to be readily reached from the outside, and should have a pipe for the exit of the smoke. It in most important to have pure air, and that the milk room le clean, cool, dry, airy and well ventilated. The temperature should range about 60 tO 60 degrees, never higher than the trough which will carry the water to the dairy house any distance it may he placed from the house; but the nearer the better, w that the water shall not warm iu its passage. If it is In trodneed in the center of one side, the gutter should stupe both ways to the corners, and following the sides, he allowed to escape at either far comer through a pipe built iu the ce ment. These escapes hould W furnished with plugs to hold the water, so as to allow it to be changed once or twice daily. fturnl Press, FOOD FOR MILCH COWS. The Superintendent of the New Hampshire Agricultural College, says the WuUrn Jdnnl, has completed some interesting and important experiment! on food for cows, in which it was ascertained that iu feeding bran to 001 in lot No. 1, and corn-meal to cows in lot No. 2, the cows fed with corn-meal gave the most milk, or the greater increase, and decidedly more and better butter; also that they were kept in liet ter condition, as shown by the scales. The food waa revered fur March. The cows that hadf corn-meal for February were fed on bran for March. Ixit I on corn-meal and lot 2 on bran. Yield of lot 1 for March, :Wi I Mil pound milk per day. Yield of lot 'J forMarch, :il 16-81 pound milk per day. Lot 2 lost ,06 more than lot I. Iit 1 nude from 17" 616 pounds milk, (ij pounds butter. Lot 2 nude from 17S pounds of milk, 5) pounds butter. Weight lot l, April :id, 2,066. Weight ot2, April 36 2,117. Weight lot 1, March 3d, 1.000. Weight lot 2, March 1st, 2,024, This the comparative effect of the two foods OH the butter product may be seen, he gives the amount of milk required under the changes to make one ounce of butter. INSECTS E ATI NO OAK BUDS. A writer for the Modesto Hernhl gives an in teresting item concerning the oak buds of Stan islaus county, hut we do not think there is ground for the analogy he draws between these facts and the fruit tree troubles. He writes: In the Ri K.w. Phkss of June 10th is a com plaint of the "Fruit Trees of Santa Barbara" as to general behavior, and the writer asked for the causes of theft behavior, viz.: a lack of leaves, of fruit and of downcast buds. Now, in this vicinity there is to Bome extent the same complaint. Apricots were slow and but few Upon the trees, and there is complaint of the plum crop. Also, there is complaint of the al monds. But these apparently similar showings are not what induces me to drop you these lines, but that OpOQ the oakB at the foothills I have no ticed that the leaves upon one class of trees, mostly those that assimilate to the white oak of the East, had a backset just as the tree went into blossom. The buds opened ami out out thet suit and tender green ttiat always rejoices the eye at the promise of the coming verdure and the Dowering hillsides. But here they topped, and in a Few days it was evident that the leaves were dying or drying up, while the weather was not hot and the grass beneath was green and growing. Now, as to tho cause for all this, upon close examination it was seen that a species of caterpillar common to the oak was literally devouring the fresh buds off the trees. As far as the drouth has extended 1 hear of this pest. The yellow oak or brash, crooked limbed variety, did not fare so badly, as most every one of these has a swarm or neat of ants within, without and all about them. Between these habitants ami the caterpillars there was a vigorous war, and possibly they protected their homesteads; if so, they ought to have a patent. These oaks, like the Santa Barbara trees, are lowljT recovering and putting out new leaves NOTES ON ORANOES AND LEMONS. Where the orauge tirst grew is not certainly known. Some classic commentators suppose the golden apples of the Hesperidcs were oran gee. Sir Walter Raleigh brought the first or" ange tree to England. At Hampton Court there are said to be some .100 years old. At Cordova, in Spain, the seat of the ancient Moorish grandeur, there are orange trees 00 or 700 years old. "Mr. K. H. Hart, of Federal Point," says the Florida AyriculturM, "has a variety of orange, that does not begin to ripen until April at which time the crop has all been disposed' of The fruit is of a medium size, firm, and juicv an excellent shipping orange. We already have a species of orange that ripens in August, and it is only necessary to get others to fill up the gaps and we will have this delicious fruit all the year round." The London F-u-mer has note of the coutin tied disaster which overhangs the Sicily groves It savsr "For nearly ten venri past the onuuti ami lemon plantations of Italy, and more eape cially of Sicily, have been ravaged by a disease known as the 'nial de gomme' or the 'cagna,' and the losses occasioned by it have recently become so serious as to cause considerable anx iety to the growers, and even to the Italian government. Tho trade in these fruits is one of great importance to tho country, tho annual exMirts for some years having averaged more than S00, 000 cwt, and the constantly increaa ing depredations of tho disease are naturally viewed with much alarm. A commission of botanists, chemists, and agriculturists wasap pointed by the government in 18(J8 to inquire iu to the cause of the disease, and to BUggesta means of exterminating it, but their combined labors have failed to discover the one or the other. Help from any quarter on these points will be gladly welcomed and is cordially invit ed, while a royal decree has just been publish, e l, offering a prize of '2r,000 livres to the in- A TWO OF BUFF COCHINS latter and not lower than .W decreet, as cream separates Wit in a oool place. Milk set and kept at a tcnioraturo of 40 degrees, will not our, and the.enam will beootnc bitter before it is tit to skim. If tho milk is set to rite iu a hot room at a temperature of 7i to 7'- degrees, it will very soon beOOtoC sour and thick, will not yield so much cream, and will make soft, oily butter, which will soon DeOOtttC rancid. The dairy should front the north, and be shaded by trees, M R to admit the light and air, as light is necessary tO develop eolor in cream, but ex oledc the sunshine and the heat. Evergreens are the lost for this pQTpoee, as they cool the atmosphere iu summer and warm it in winter. In many of the Western States whete the ground is not m rolling and hilly as tome more MTOfed regions with spring, a go.l spring house can Be made near a well, which will be wry convenient and nearer the house than tho pnng might hapen to he, Tin- ground may W excavated aloiit four feet, by some 'J feet square, and a solid stone wall "two feet thick lew ui cement, and four feet high. The ttoor inaide is laid in crinettt at the bottom of the excavation, slightly inclining to one corner, for complete drainage and washing. The wall is built up full width, four feet, and then an oil set f IS niches is made to the rear, or outside, where the wall is carried up two feet higher, but only six inches thick, to form the founda tion e( the frame superstructure; on this is built a Ivallooii frame with eight feet posts, hoarded ouUide and la, and the wail made as tight as powihle. Upon the ledge created be tho offset, a narrow wall, about four in, lie high and wide, i- made on the front edge of this 11(1. by which. Iwing well plastered with the cement, a gutter or v at n made some four inches deep, and ol course ;t inches wide, with at slight descent to the corner opposite to that where the water it introduce!. luU this vat the freah milk is net while warm, and cold water conducted to it from the well. The milk cools rapidly and a low Umperaturv it main tained through the night. At each milking the pens are removed to the the I vet or on the, ce ment floor in the center, to make room fur the fresh milk. The water can be puni)! into a Ult I for February, on bran, required 88.9 ounces milk to make one ounce butter. lt I for March, on meal, required 88,8 tiunees milk to make one 00001 butter. Uit 'J tor February, on meal, required IKI.'J ounces milk to make one ounce butter. Nt for March, on bran, required lid ounces milk to make one ounce butter. The Niqic rin tend en t has alto been tenting the yield of cream, and with two lots of 1 Ifl quart each of milk, set under like ci renins lances, II regard tciiicralure and quality of milk, the milk beittfl mixed and divided, one-half after the old method, in shallow, oeu pans, the other in Hardin's deep and child pant, the milk Iteing strained into the cans at once, warm, and the cans closed. One bandied and twelve quarts milk in Open atis gave S DOMda and 10 4-10 ounces but ter. One hum! ret I and twelve quarts of milk in deep cans closed, gave S pounds and IS ounces butter. BUFF oooHnta Buff Cochins are the but fowls for winter layers, the moat careful of their young and the hardiest to be found in the (withered Bribe, with the tingle exception of the Partridge Cochin, which closely resemble them. The chicks are very hardy.' but lledgv late, and for two months present an almost naked appear ance. They however, at live and si months, rapidly gain in weight and will dress at that age so and seven pound t for market. The hens, after laving some '." or . eggs, become broody, but are very easily broken of their inclination to tit, by court iiement in a small yanl with no houses or nest about three days ) generallv tumcieut, and in 10 days they will commence faying again. UtUW Si-auk. Mr. Janice A. Tea, an engi net ron the Montgomery and Eufaula railroad, has bl vented a spark arrester by which, it is claimed, uot only is the escape of tprks pre vented, but the sparks are collected in a boi by tiieaus of small pipe, and can be used to sand the track or for baUaal continually, and by the fall will have recovered. It may be that upon examination an insect will M found in tho body or Urk of the trees com i.l.iiued of Tliov mm tu. lnM. i. t. naked eye. Many in this vicinity did not no- ,v" ttn aniinueii wiiu trie cat erpillar until tohl of it itntl W. Old fUtu m Nam. Uaxofacturi - niaiiiifiuturer at Wheeling, West Virginia, is re(orted to be nuking a good quality of nails from old rails. Samples were some few days since showu at the ollice of the Whet ling InlU U'lmrtr, part of which were made out of rail, pure and simple, and part out of three parts rail and one part muck. They are pronounced good ami are smooth and tough and drive well, l lns priH-ess of making nails, we learn, avoids the pr,K-ess of boiling iron. The rails are cut and piled for the heating furnaces, like so much muck lr, and by the use of a tlux in the tl' Kill. Ilt-IHVIU BP.1 mLU ....1 I M ,....-,,, - IO.HIC its iiuuie- MHO, ductile and Cwe-toxiur...! In tl,., i rolls as to much piled muck. Nail plate is thus made per ton cheaper than out of pigimn which has tirst beeu matlu into muck bnr. This Mving, aays the sMyr,Yr, is of itself a bil Urotlt. :m.l will i l..t t..r. ..B ii .11. m j, revolutionize tin old netnod. No null can affoni u pUdlle Iron when by usmg this flu, eld rails or pig Iron can be converted directly into nail plate The aanie pr says, al.0; -We lately meutioiietl 1 a l ,.lonel Powell is making UUU at the IWdlevillo iiidl out of the old rails ami one eighth muck iron, and that he claims to have If his turns out to be the case, the furnaces will not have much to do few teeM time to come inasmuch a. it is estimated that there are enough old rails in the couutrv to run all the mills for several years," These shelbmounda cannot rank in interest with the artificial elevations of earth .if the nitmnd-builder. of the Weat, which, no doubt were built for a purpose, and are mt the refuae heap, of people whte only aim is to get al,niI with as lude exertion of mind or Udy as is coiitiiU-nt wi::. 11 . : .. k. X: :. u "m "i wn nve to eat and sat to bv. f ventor of any practical and effectual methodrof preventing the further spread of the diseaae, ami treating the plantations already attacked." hat is tkvkk! Dr, II. F. A. (loodridge, 111 a very interesting sketch in the ffrttftt Mfdi ntl Journal, of fever jiathology, sums up our pontlTI knowledge as follows: Tho characteris tic elevation of tenqierature of the body in fever is mainly due to increased production of heat Beetl es the increased prttduction of heat there I .1 dloriI-r of mitnt;,.,, . .1.. I J gration of the body, and particularly of tho . "H'UV iijvdi, on mo ono nanti, oy increased excretion of urea and potash salts, of . (., ,. .,.. ,,, y u.uit; ami 'ii the other by progressive loss of lunly weight ..... ymmni onmueiion oi neal oecurnng at a tune when I priuci(ial source of normal , - i , iu... me. miMi ingesitM, is all but completely cutoff, must have ita origin in ttiu abnormal disintegration of tissue. The converse may also hold good to a greater or leas exteut, there being thus action ami re-action. However proliablo may 1h the hypothesii of the intervention of tho nervous system, tho con necting link between the entrance into the or L'aniMn of t)i f.iaw l l. matter (be this rOesegfew rtciim, or what it may m iii on.-, i me cnaracteristic phenom ena, have not yet Iwen demonstrated. In abort, the iinvimnt ..t t : r . , , . nm n iii.nii uiiuetei- llunetl. nswt it. Tiik mooconon or TlS PuiTB. o reatl in the GtUkn GiMnlUtn that the own- cm III UllUnnta ,.t lltll III- 1 i i r T w ilia nave ieen pre- reJMd upon t.i retluoe the make of boxea, the 'J ,"V" -lters tiavmg agreetl to close their worke oue week in every three weeks till the end of the present year, a document having been signet! to that effect A fine of 500 will e cniorce.1 against any jiartiea who may vio- mim i me agreement. "I SAT BWU.1 tk. . . LI i , T J " uio worsi-iooama horso vou drive I eTer uw. Why don't you fatten him up!" "Fat him qp. ia it Fail! the poor baste can hardly oarry the litUe mate that s on him now, replied Paddy
