214
THE WEST SHORE.
July.
DAIRY ROOMS.
We have received frum the publishers, Porter
k Uoates, of v.'--' Chestnut street, Philadelphia,
a neat pamphlet entitleil "Batter and Butter
Making," by Willis P. Hazard, President of the
Chidd'l Ford Farmers' ' I u I .. It in pulilished
at the nominal price of cents, and is certainly
worth the money. It gives the method pursued
by those butter makers who supply the Phila
delphia market witli the "print butter" which
reaches the high prices. Although written for
Kastcrn dairymen and fitted t n K.i.-t. m condi
tions, there are many suggestive points for but
ter makers eveiywhere. We quote a few para
graphs on the care and fitting up of dairy
rooms:
F.verything must lie removed that will impart
impure odors or taint the atmosphere of the
dairy room, and thus injure the butter. The
shoes of the dairymap should be removed when
coming from the barnyard, and exchunged out
side the spring-house door for another pair kept
thrf forth" purpose. Otherwise it would be
miosflihlc to prevent currying in sullicieut tilth
to taint the atmosphere and communicate it to
the milk. Another aource of injury to the taste
of butter is tho imperceptible MOT from kero
sene lamps, which have often to ! used in the
dairy house. This can Imj obviated by having
tho l.i hi ' set in sockets, and a pipe leading out
side placed over the top of the chimney, which
will carry off the tutors. Or a Imx containing
the lamp ami reflectors can le so constructed,
either built in the wall with glass front on the
inside of the housu and opened only from the
outside, or arranged in the window. It should
project on the outside in either case, so as to be
readily reached from the outside, and should
have a pipe for the exit of the smoke. It in
most important to have pure air, and that the
milk room le clean, cool, dry, airy and well
ventilated. The temperature should range
about 60 tO 60 degrees, never higher than the
trough which will carry the water to the dairy
house any distance it may he placed from the
house; but the nearer the better, w that the
water shall not warm iu its passage. If it is In
trodneed in the center of one side, the gutter
should stupe both ways to the corners, and
following the sides, he allowed to escape at
either far comer through a pipe built iu the ce
ment. These escapes hould W furnished with
plugs to hold the water, so as to allow it to be
changed once or twice daily. fturnl Press,
FOOD FOR MILCH COWS.
The Superintendent of the New Hampshire
Agricultural College, says the WuUrn Jdnnl,
has completed some interesting and important
experiment! on food for cows, in which it was
ascertained that iu feeding bran to 001 in lot
No. 1, and corn-meal to cows in lot No. 2, the
cows fed with corn-meal gave the most milk, or
the greater increase, and decidedly more and
better butter; also that they were kept in liet
ter condition, as shown by the scales.
The food waa revered fur March. The cows
that hadf corn-meal for February were fed on
bran for March. Ixit I on corn-meal and lot 2
on bran.
Yield of lot 1 for March, :Wi I Mil pound milk
per day.
Yield of lot 'J forMarch, :il 16-81 pound milk
per day.
Lot 2 lost ,06 more than lot I.
Iit 1 nude from 17" 616 pounds milk, (ij
pounds butter.
Lot 2 nude from 17S pounds of milk, 5)
pounds butter.
Weight lot l, April :id, 2,066.
Weight ot2, April 36 2,117.
Weight lot 1, March 3d, 1.000.
Weight lot 2, March 1st, 2,024,
This the comparative effect of the two foods
OH the butter product may be seen, he gives the
amount of milk required under the changes to
make one ounce of butter.
INSECTS E ATI NO OAK BUDS.
A writer for the Modesto Hernhl gives an in
teresting item concerning the oak buds of Stan
islaus county, hut we do not think there is
ground for the analogy he draws between these
facts and the fruit tree troubles. He writes:
In the Ri K.w. Phkss of June 10th is a com
plaint of the "Fruit Trees of Santa Barbara"
as to general behavior, and the writer asked for
the causes of theft behavior, viz.: a lack of
leaves, of fruit and of downcast buds. Now,
in this vicinity there is to Bome extent the same
complaint. Apricots were slow and but few
Upon the trees, and there is complaint of the
plum crop. Also, there is complaint of the al
monds. But these apparently similar showings
are not what induces me to drop you these lines,
but that OpOQ the oakB at the foothills I have no
ticed that the leaves upon one class of trees,
mostly those that assimilate to the white oak
of the East, had a backset just as the tree went
into blossom. The buds opened ami out out
thet suit and tender green ttiat always rejoices
the eye at the promise of the coming verdure
and the Dowering hillsides. But here they
topped, and in a Few days it was evident that
the leaves were dying or drying up, while the
weather was not hot and the grass beneath was
green and growing. Now, as to tho cause for
all this, upon close examination it was seen
that a species of caterpillar common to the oak
was literally devouring the fresh buds off the
trees. As far as the drouth has extended 1
hear of this pest. The yellow oak or brash,
crooked limbed variety, did not fare so badly,
as most every one of these has a swarm or
neat of ants within, without and all about them.
Between these habitants ami the caterpillars
there was a vigorous war, and possibly they
protected their homesteads; if so, they ought
to have a patent.
These oaks, like the Santa Barbara trees, are
lowljT recovering and putting out new leaves
NOTES ON ORANOES AND LEMONS.
Where the orauge tirst grew is not certainly
known. Some classic commentators suppose
the golden apples of the Hesperidcs were oran
gee. Sir Walter Raleigh brought the first or"
ange tree to England. At Hampton Court
there are said to be some .100 years old. At
Cordova, in Spain, the seat of the ancient
Moorish grandeur, there are orange trees 00
or 700 years old.
"Mr. K. H. Hart, of Federal Point," says the
Florida AyriculturM, "has a variety of orange,
that does not begin to ripen until April at
which time the crop has all been disposed' of
The fruit is of a medium size, firm, and juicv
an excellent shipping orange. We already have
a species of orange that ripens in August, and
it is only necessary to get others to fill up the
gaps and we will have this delicious fruit all
the year round."
The London F-u-mer has note of the coutin
tied disaster which overhangs the Sicily groves
It savsr "For nearly ten venri past the onuuti
ami lemon plantations of Italy, and more eape
cially of Sicily, have been ravaged by a disease
known as the 'nial de gomme' or the 'cagna,'
and the losses occasioned by it have recently
become so serious as to cause considerable anx
iety to the growers, and even to the Italian
government. Tho trade in these fruits is one
of great importance to tho country, tho annual
exMirts for some years having averaged more
than S00, 000 cwt, and the constantly increaa
ing depredations of tho disease are naturally
viewed with much alarm. A commission of
botanists, chemists, and agriculturists wasap
pointed by the government in 18(J8 to inquire
iu to the cause of the disease, and to BUggesta
means of exterminating it, but their combined
labors have failed to discover the one or the
other. Help from any quarter on these points
will be gladly welcomed and is cordially invit
ed, while a royal decree has just been publish,
e l, offering a prize of '2r,000 livres to the in-
A TWO OF BUFF COCHINS
latter and not lower than .W decreet, as cream
separates Wit in a oool place. Milk set and
kept at a tcnioraturo of 40 degrees, will not
our, and the.enam will beootnc bitter before it
is tit to skim. If tho milk is set to rite iu a hot
room at a temperature of 7i to 7'- degrees, it
will very soon beOOtoC sour and thick, will not
yield so much cream, and will make soft, oily
butter, which will soon DeOOtttC rancid. The
dairy should front the north, and be shaded by
trees, M R to admit the light and air, as light
is necessary tO develop eolor in cream, but ex
oledc the sunshine and the heat. Evergreens
are the lost for this pQTpoee, as they cool the
atmosphere iu summer and warm it in winter.
In many of the Western States whete the
ground is not m rolling and hilly as tome more
MTOfed regions with spring, a go.l spring
house can Be made near a well, which will be
wry convenient and nearer the house than tho
pnng might hapen to he, Tin- ground may
W excavated aloiit four feet, by some 'J feet
square, and a solid stone wall "two feet thick
lew ui cement, and four feet high. The ttoor
inaide is laid in crinettt at the bottom of the
excavation, slightly inclining to one corner, for
complete drainage and washing. The wall is
built up full width, four feet, and then an oil set
f IS niches is made to the rear, or outside,
where the wall is carried up two feet higher,
but only six inches thick, to form the founda
tion e( the frame superstructure; on this is
built a Ivallooii frame with eight feet posts,
hoarded ouUide and la, and the wail made as
tight as powihle. Upon the ledge created be
tho offset, a narrow wall, about four in, lie high
and wide, i- made on the front edge of this
11(1. by which. Iwing well plastered with the
cement, a gutter or v at n made some four inches
deep, and ol course ;t inches wide, with at
slight descent to the corner opposite to that
where the water it introduce!. luU this vat
the freah milk is net while warm, and cold
water conducted to it from the well. The milk
cools rapidly and a low Umperaturv it main
tained through the night. At each milking the
pens are removed to the the I vet or on the, ce
ment floor in the center, to make room fur the
fresh milk. The water can be puni)! into a
Ult I for February, on bran, required 88.9
ounces milk to make one ounce butter.
lt I for March, on meal, required 88,8 tiunees
milk to make one 00001 butter.
Uit 'J tor February, on meal, required IKI.'J
ounces milk to make one ounce butter.
Nt for March, on bran, required lid ounces
milk to make one ounce butter.
The Niqic rin tend en t has alto been tenting the
yield of cream, and with two lots of 1 Ifl quart
each of milk, set under like ci renins lances, II
regard tciiicralure and quality of milk, the
milk beittfl mixed and divided, one-half after the
old method, in shallow, oeu pans, the other in
Hardin's deep and child pant, the milk Iteing
strained into the cans at once, warm, and the
cans closed.
One bandied and twelve quarts milk in Open
atis gave S DOMda and 10 4-10 ounces but
ter. One hum! ret I and twelve quarts of milk in
deep cans closed, gave S pounds and IS ounces
butter.
BUFF oooHnta
Buff Cochins are the but fowls for winter
layers, the moat careful of their young and the
hardiest to be found in the (withered Bribe,
with the tingle exception of the Partridge
Cochin, which closely resemble them. The
chicks are very hardy.' but lledgv late, and for
two months present an almost naked appear
ance. They however, at live and si months,
rapidly gain in weight and will dress at that
age so and seven pound t for market.
The hens, after laving some '." or . eggs,
become broody, but are very easily broken of
their inclination to tit, by court iiement in a
small yanl with no houses or nest about three
days ) generallv tumcieut, and in 10 days they
will commence faying again.
UtUW Si-auk. Mr. Janice A. Tea, an engi
net ron the Montgomery and Eufaula railroad,
has bl vented a spark arrester by which, it is
claimed, uot only is the escape of tprks pre
vented, but the sparks are collected in a boi by
tiieaus of small pipe, and can be used to sand
the track or for baUaal
continually, and by the fall will have recovered.
It may be that upon examination an insect will
M found in tho body or Urk of the trees com
i.l.iiued of Tliov mm tu. lnM. i. t.
naked eye. Many in this vicinity did not no-
,v" ttn aniinueii wiiu trie cat
erpillar until tohl of it itntl W.
Old fUtu m Nam. Uaxofacturi -
niaiiiifiuturer at Wheeling, West Virginia, is
re(orted to be nuking a good quality of nails
from old rails. Samples were some few days
since showu at the ollice of the Whet ling InlU
U'lmrtr, part of which were made out of rail,
pure and simple, and part out of three parts
rail and one part muck. They are pronounced
good ami are smooth and tough and drive well,
l lns priH-ess of making nails, we learn, avoids
the pr,K-ess of boiling iron. The rails are cut
and piled for the heating furnaces, like so
much muck lr, and by the use of a tlux in the
tl' Kill. Ilt-IHVIU BP.1 mLU ....1 I M
,....-,,, - IO.HIC its iiuuie-
MHO, ductile and Cwe-toxiur...! In tl,., i
rolls as to much piled muck. Nail plate is thus
made per ton cheaper than out of pigimn
which has tirst beeu matlu into muck bnr. This
Mving, aays the sMyr,Yr, is of itself a bil
Urotlt. :m.l will i l..t t..r. ..B
ii .11. m j, revolutionize tin
old netnod. No null can affoni u pUdlle Iron
when by usmg this flu, eld rails or pig Iron
can be converted directly into nail plate The
aanie pr says, al.0; -We lately meutioiietl
1 a l ,.lonel Powell is making UUU at the
IWdlevillo iiidl out of the old rails ami one
eighth muck iron, and that he claims to have
If his turns out to be the case, the furnaces
will not have much to do few teeM time to come
inasmuch a. it is estimated that there are
enough old rails in the couutrv to run all the
mills for several years,"
These shelbmounda cannot rank in interest
with the artificial elevations of earth .if the
nitmnd-builder. of the Weat, which, no doubt
were built for a purpose, and are mt the refuae
heap, of people whte only aim is to get al,niI
with as lude exertion of mind or Udy as is
coiitiiU-nt wi::. 11 . : .. k. X:
:. u "m "i wn nve to
eat and sat to bv.
f ventor of any practical and effectual methodrof
preventing the further spread of the diseaae,
ami treating the plantations already attacked."
hat is tkvkk! Dr, II. F. A. (loodridge,
111 a very interesting sketch in the ffrttftt Mfdi
ntl Journal, of fever jiathology, sums up our
pontlTI knowledge as follows: Tho characteris
tic elevation of tenqierature of the body in fever
is mainly due to increased production of heat
Beetl es the increased prttduction of heat there
I .1 dloriI-r of mitnt;,.,, . .1.. I J
gration of the body, and particularly of tho
. "H'UV iijvdi, on mo ono nanti, oy
increased excretion of urea and potash salts, of
. (., ,. .,.. ,,, y u.uit; ami
'ii the other by progressive loss of lunly weight
..... ymmni onmueiion oi neal oecurnng at a
tune when I priuci(ial source of normal
, - i , iu... me. miMi ingesitM,
is all but completely cutoff, must have ita origin
in ttiu abnormal disintegration of tissue. The
converse may also hold good to a greater or leas
exteut, there being thus action ami re-action.
However proliablo may 1h the hypothesii of the
intervention of tho nervous system, tho con
necting link between the entrance into the or
L'aniMn of t)i f.iaw l l.
matter (be this rOesegfew rtciim, or what it may
m iii on.-, i me cnaracteristic phenom
ena, have not yet Iwen demonstrated. In abort,
the iinvimnt ..t t :
r . , , . nm n iii.nii uiiuetei-
llunetl.
nswt it. Tiik mooconon or TlS PuiTB.
o reatl in the GtUkn GiMnlUtn that the own-
cm III UllUnnta ,.t lltll III- 1
i i r T w ilia nave ieen pre-
reJMd upon t.i retluoe the make of boxea, the
'J ,"V" -lters tiavmg agreetl to close
their worke oue week in every three weeks till
the end of the present year, a document having
been signet! to that effect A fine of 500 will
e cniorce.1 against any jiartiea who may vio-
mim i me agreement.
"I SAT BWU.1 tk. . . LI
i , T J " uio worsi-iooama
horso vou drive I eTer uw. Why don't you
fatten him up!" "Fat him qp. ia it Fail! the
poor baste can hardly oarry the litUe mate
that s on him now, replied Paddy