The west shore., June 01, 1877, Page 186, Image 14

186
THE WEST SHORE.
June.
THE OSAGE OBANOE AS A TIMBER
TKKK.
L it Teraplaln, i the Practical Farm
er, savs: "This trie U S native of 1'cxas, Ark
ansa ami the Indian Territory, where it grows
M) or more feet high, and M to J" niches Itl di
ameter. The timber is very Htroiii, elastic hikI
durable. It has long liceii very jMipular as a
material lor intwn aiming the Indiana ot the
Soiitli. hence called by the I' nnch hois dare
bow mod, Prom tins it li shortened In Tons
to bodnuk. This tree, though often injured by
Hfwir In i iiiL' wh.'H u,i-l as a licdee plant.
will jrolialtly lie found quite hardy in most
parts of tliiM country when grown in a tree
lornij me "i!. in i 1 1 1 j i . 1 1 hi it ib umv
essurily subjected to 1 . - - it within proper lim
it os a hedge plant tends to weaken its vital
ity, and renders it more lialtlu to injury from
front. Ah a shade tree it has decided merits.
When grown alone it becomes cittite bushy, itl
branched nouicwhat drooping; its leaven are
unite lilnfsv ami shiuinc and it haw the jmmhI
quality of not being much lubjflot to the attacks
of inserts. rr tnntiv pnrjM'Mes mi tin- nrN Tin
timber ot this tree is well adapted, having the
qualities of toughness, huHtlfW durability, and
of scarcely being affected at all by the hygro
metfio condition of the atmosphere. It lion
Ihjcu employed largely in shipbuilding, lcing,
on account of the shove qualities, well adapted
to many pttrpotei in that art. Ah a material
for making wagons the Osao orange is said to
have no equal. Its solidity, elasticity anil du
rability are ctpia) to the beet of oak, while its
ability to resist tins effects of the clmuucH of the
weather without shrinking or swelling, makes
it HiiiHTior to all other kinds, especially for
wheels. It is found that while wheels made of
oak or hickory require the t n , . to 1m: shrunken
once a year, those made of the Madura will run
on almost indeliuitcly without remitting or get
ting loose. Being a line grained wood and
capable of receiving a high polish, the timber of
thin tree is found well adapted to the manufac
ture of furniture and cabinet ware. The Osage
orange is easily propagated from seed, andean
be transplanted with almost invariable success.
In making a plantation of it for titula r it is best
to raise the seedlings to one or two years in a
nursery, as they can lie eared for much more
cheaply ill t hut way than when planted where
they are to remain. The nursery should lie
planted where- a grovti of the trees is wanted,
ss the mutilated roote that will u- left in dig
ging will send up a heavy growth of suckers.
When set for a pormanent grove they should In:
plaoed rather closely, say four or five feel apart
each May, as tin y ah- inclined to grow spread
ing and drooping where they have plenty ol
rtMiiu. The close planting w ill compel them to
run up for light and air, and when they begin
to become crowded every alternate one may la:
taken up and destroyed or transplanted toother
ground. Should any of the plants tail to grow,
their place should be IUpptted with good strong
plants at the next setting season; ami if they
make a weak or straggling growth they may be
cut back to the ground during the winter or
early spring, when they will send up one or
more vigorous shoots, only onu of which should
he allowed to grow and make good trees. A
little eare in pruning oil side brandies will aid
in keeping the tree ui a proper upright form
and throw UlU vigor of the tree into upward
growth. If a heavy mulch of straw, hay or
similar material can be given, it is the Wst
treat nt they can have. In its absence they
I Id have thorough culture, similar to corn,
Ull thoy shade the ground iUtto well Plants
can Is' had "i almost any tree dealer or nursery
man, Kvery farmer would do well to plant out
A grove of thin Umber, us, even though lie mav
be advanced In life, still it may prove to bo a
source of profit, . veil in his lilt time, in the way
of Stakes, Mts, etc"
Mni'Mi llrn.HKiM, At the last mccling of
the rinladelphia Academy of Sciences, Mr.
John l ord ((escribed a group of eight burial
mounds opened by him near Coup's week, Ma
coupin ooonty, in Kaon of toe graves wm
lined with stone slalis, and alter the bodies
woe planed In position within, earth had been
(wicked around them mi as to lill the inclosnre.
All the skeletons found in these graves faced
the east. In one of the graves four skeletons
Were found, seated m two pairs, the knees of
one pair pressing against the Kicks ol the oilier.
Toe anus were crossed, In the right baud of
each Individual tttUI interred, a large mantle
noil ( ueeriNNHt janw i, linn.) bad Wen so
pUOed that the small end ol the shell rested in
the baud and the lam end in the hollow above
the left hip Within each shell what appeared
0 DO the buttea of a child Were found, whosr
skuli had been crushed before burial the skull
mounding U I the SpSltUrfl ot (he shell
ll is thought (hat these miauls were Sacrificed
10 the dead.
FlWIIU WITH I'lti liui ki w. Kxsriiiieiitn
have rvccittl) Ihvii sumwliilly made in luly
on a meuio.1 oi nn ruing pSSHHsuni under steam
iH.uent, wtucii consists siiuph in pouring the
oil over a Ihui layer of Mhagfaa, The petroleum
bums with intense heat, while the U.l.t,,.
bataj me buslible, ts not allccti-d, but serve
as a means of ntainuui tha oil and uttina ...
wick. Dtreat the experiments sheet mbbmc
planed Iteneatn the luraaos were not Infiuod.
although tin heat from the oil above was moat
inieiuc,
UaBIHI oi m.is,, I.vk U. m, TWUm
employs spherical enveiope of nwmkssoos.
ifiiiinunuatiiig with n foa naailull by MM
SI" P" -no" ! WOTMN wiin a valve.
ntnvelone being QUed with Bssreury, any
mcn-As,. ot NtafMl pns..,iv teteOJ into the
raaafTttl mm ai the mrrvurv. which cannot
retarn on aooount ol the valve. Dm weight of
the aWDUn deteimnie. i,r pn-Mun-, and con
tstieutl the depth of the water
hnu-mt u ot Kisv iKic Lmutt, m. i.
Muua mm that the siSAlr of eUvtrtc li-bt aji
wry miliar U tlmau of the Ur rsvt. Thev
oiv mm cMiiwivn, (wrticulaily on the ude of
the violet, but tlie curve of lutenuty exhibit
but Blight .villi n im iu the rvgum a gtvatMt
PLAIN PREPARATIONS OF FOOD.
A hounewifu writes to the farm Journal some
recipes for the preparation of plain, wholesome
dishcH for making up a variety iu food from the
common staple articles to he found on the farm.
She Hays: Any housekeeper will lind, by experi
menting, that much can le done to make kiicIi
a variety without adding much to the usual
grocery bill. I,et me suggest a few ideas:
first, a great variety ot hread may lc made.
KvervlKidv bakes white bread, but usually in
each family it is all of one kind, and the task
hecoincs tiresome. (ool hop yeast hread is
probably the most generally acceptable as a
standby, but there are but few who occasionally
would not relish u loaf of salt or milk rising
bread, nicely mode, or if iu the habit of usim:
the latter kinds, u loaf of hop yeast.
lo make salt rising: At night stir in a quart
lswl u thin batter of lukewarm water and corn
meal to half fill the Isiwl; keep where it will
retain warmth through the night. In the
morning, early, make a sponge in the center of
a pan oi warm iiuiir iiuoUu ou oy suiting it ou
the stove a few niinuteH). with warm sweet milk
and water, half of eaeh, or less milk if you
have not so much to WW, with naltUi suit. Keep
warm, and by the time you can attend to it
alter hreaklast, it will he loamy light; mix
make into loaves, when light bake. The secret
of success is iu not allowing the bread in any
stage to chill, and iu good baking. The oven
should not ! hut enough to scorch, nor cool
enough tu allow the don oh to run. A i h-ratelv
QUICK neat ut Iirst is tiest, decreasing trom the
time the loaf is crusted over. It does not re-
nure as Unit: bakiuu as yeast bread.
11 rah nin bread can be made the same way; is
inane nctter with a little suiar m nm asses am
shoru iuni: added.
d teamed brown bread is excellent. To make,
l quart sour milk or butter-milk. I teacuo mo
lasses, tahlcspimuful flhnrtcning, 1 tcaspooiifiil
salt, 1 OUp white Hour, and corn meal to make
a pretty still batter. List, a teaspooiiful of
oita. rut in a hasiu, w inch set iu your steam
r, and steam one and one half hours; then set
in the stove oven for half an hour. If more con
venient it may lie put into u deeper vessel aud
i in a Kettle ot Lolling water, instead ol steam
Che same nrocess and nrnnnrtioiig. excent ma
king thinner, imtkoa a nice pudding, to be eaten
with syrup or butter, or a boiled sauce, or cream
and sugar, and this may I . varied by the use of
ginger iu i In pudding, by different fruits, soak-
I or chopped up or stewed. Nict added makes
a suet pudding. Everybody makes Johnny
cake. At the risk of telling what all know al
ready, 1 give my rule: 1 pint Hour milk; :i eggs
(less w ill do); otic tablespoonful butter or other
good shortening; teaspooiiful Halt; corn meal to
make a thin batter; half a teaspooiiful soda.
Then cotncH the secret of its goodness bake
UlOK, aim eat as soon as linked.
A I'lUll'IMlN'KNINti HOUSE.
A NEW PROCESS IX SUGAR MAKING.
It is stated that a new process for clarifying
cane juice without the use of lime has beet) muc
cessfully tried by Mr. Hastes, the inventor, at
the mill of Mr. Dart, of ImlooroopiUy, in
Queensland The principles of the process
have not yet been divulged. The canes are,
however, ground in the usual manner, and the
juice allowed to ruu in the cluritiers; here Mr.
Hastes' operations commence, the invention con
sisting in the treatment of the cane juice with
certain chemicals which materially alter the
color and viscosity of the liquor, the increase in
the quantity of molasses attendant upon the
use ui lime being avoided. At the trials the
freedom of the liquor from glutinous matter
was particularly noticed, the liquor feeling
quite warm to the hand. When the liquor ran
from the clarifying 1hx to the cleaning battery,
it boiled with a clear white foam upon it, and
scarcely any skimming took place. Less steam
wan needed for boiling iu the vacuum pan. In
a report given by the OjieeMtaider it is stated
that a perfect crystal of large size WM formed,
anil thai had there been autlicieut liquor tu till
tee pan the crystals would have been of an no
usually large size. The curing was soon dis
posed of, the liquor not molasses running
away to the tank after leaving a basket of 1,788
pounds of beautiful clear white sugar perfectly
dry iu three minutes. It is also stated that the
green tinge of the sugar as ordinarily made
from the same cane is entirely removed. The
density of the liquor was 10' lleaume. It has
been suggested that the clarifying agent is hy
pochlorite of sulphur, but Mr. Hastes asserts it
to be perfectly innocuous, and that it might he
partaken of in the form m which it is employed;
it is also stated that there is no probability of
the sugar deliquescing, (hie of the most im
portant points is that the liquor running from
the vacuum pans as vehicle for the sugar is
not molasses, but purely crystallizahle liquor,
which requires no further clarification, and cnu
be returned, after heating, to the pan, where it
is entirely converted into sugar equal to the
tirst, and not, according to the QHCttulandcr,
a particle of molasses made. If the reports
upon this process are true and at present we
have no reason to doubt them Mr, Hastes' in
ntton is one which will largely revolutionize
the manufacture of sugar.
rhe Baltimore Amakan says: Just at this
time the banana trade is the feature of the fruit
business, ami dealers are handling large quanti
ties of the West India product, of which several
argues have lately liecn received. The fruit is
not always ripe when brought here, and, to
hasten what would otherwise he left to time to
aeomplish, a firm on Pratt street have adopted
the West India plan of using a riHiiihg house,
which they have just constructed and which is
I.v one in tho city. It has been found
that fruit riK'iiel iu (his way is really Hiicrior
to that which arrives at maturity in the usual
manner, and that it retains a freshness nnd fla
vor not found iu time-ripened Iwnanas. The
process used by the li nil named is an interest
ing one and merits a description. Tw o hu ge
risims were partitioned otl" iu their warehouse.
in the construction of which the main oblaot
i that they should V- perfectly dark and as
r air-tight SJ ossible. Stringers, with
ks to hang the bunches on, were placed
.iss the room, ami l'.Is attachment mml.. t
heating pipes which give out no light. Ther-
tre were then placed in different parts of
the room, and. the given fruit having been hung
' "!! " oipeiaioic oniaiueil. t he
rooms are closed tightly, only to Ik- opened to
oisr. i i o. ounuiuonoi t tie mm. In a short
tune the green banana begins to turn white at
the stem, and iu a lew days the entire himeli
assumes the same color, retaining its tirmiicss.
and is then ripe and ready for market. The
operation is a er neat one. and rconir. .-nr..
to prevent the fruit behu sobie.-t,.d t..t,u. i.
or too little heat. The linn have about two
thousand bunches of fruit undergoing the pro
cess now, one hunch of which is over live teet
long ami holds alsuit two hundred and thirty
hananaa. the shortest of which i- lie.. ,. l.f.'
and the longest eleven and a quarter inches in
icngui.
V I v Si'.ir I'i. i vj I.. .. .
,. ' " " mieiopiiug lo cstan
bsll colon eti. m I hi. . n ..i.. ......l i
raindall in India, Mr. Henry Joule, a resident
oi him country, says that it is pretty well
mnwn ww me maximum ami minimum of sun
s)sts alternate iu cycles of almut eleven vears:
and the ligutvs given establish that shout the
minimum periods there have been drouths m
India, folloucdhv i vi, i i. .i. . i
of shms do not avhtMl tk. rl
there are indication that th.- nmrinA
ituum disturUnce ou the sun's atrnoeuhsrs are
reflected in that portion of the world ui de-
tructive eyekaee.
CuniKO rsr Ikun Ti huh or LtMl t'u-
1 lit II An .hiuHd,. ha !..- .... ,
by Kesihanar and UtuMhlLoi Snriek i de-
erilied iu the ' A my ur rwr A (.,, , K ', fr
ti, p. i.oi. n ta I'.iUitru.tcl of thr.-v cutting
wheel., rating m stirruiM which an- prvosnl
iuw oj . eoomviiug vici ncrvw. .
cutting mm, bet wwn twoof the eutUng whwli
i. StejJSM sgaintt the tulw by a second seww
and the whole apparatus u torn, d aruuud the
tube by hand.
BlilaTUra BOOKS. The air which nasBes out
of the lungs is wholly innutritious. If re
breathed w ithout any admixture of other air, it
would Induce Instant suffocation. It contains a
large amount of carbonic acid gas. This gas is
condensed by cold, and falls to the tloor; heat
irries it to the ceiling; hence the practical fact,
that in warm weather those who sleep on the
lloor breathe the purest air; while in very cold
weather the higher one sleeps above the lloor,
the better is the atmosphere. Hence, in a w arm
room, sleep as near the lloor as possible; iu a
old room, the hisher the bed is, the lictter. A
striking illustration of one branch of the state
ment is found in Dr. Hall's new book on "Sleep."
When the jail-fever was raging in Hngland, it
was the custom to hand the food and water to
the prisoners through a hole in the lloor above
tbein. A ease is mentioned where the jailer
and his wife died in one night in consequence of
uie ouiUTin oi m prisoners ecu uoiow wnue
the prisoners themselves continued to live.
showing conclusively the concent rated malig
nity of the air at the ceiling, as compared w ith
that on the tloor. The same principle has an
illustiation in the narration in the same hum.
of the terrible incidents iu connection with the
"Ulack Hole ol Calcutta " where it was speed
ily noticed that relief was given by sitting down
ou the tloor. From these statements, it ib clear
that it is bettor to have a lire in the tirejilaco iu
a close room iu w inter than to have no lire; and
for two philosophical reasons the tire rarelies
the carbonic acid gas, and compels it to seek
the ceiling; besides, it creates a draft up the
uiuuuov, inns causing com air to come in more
opiously,
SrOPPUO AnvKirnsr.MESTs. We have fre
Mlently received Utters from readers askimr
whether such and such a "firm, w hich recently
advertised in tbii paper has suspended," and we
snow huh enverusers do not always consult
their beat interests by removing their names
from before the people, We tielieve that the
follow ing from the engineer is very true; "t'er
taiu lirtus try to economise by taking out their
advertisements occasionally; they might as well
mm now ii too sign over their doors. Adver
tisements should be continuous. Any idea of
dlsoontinuinil them for a period, however bri. f
with a view of saving, imi mistake which leads
only to disappointment and loss. It involves
hot only the loss ol tune diimit; which the ail
i.niscmcin ceases m appear, hut the additional
oss oi wno required to tiring the public inter
st up to the point at which it left off. Th
proverb 'out of sicht out of mind' is nowh.-r..
more applicable than iu the case of an adver-
iisenii in.
HINTS TO FLOUll MILLEK.S.
Our nulling readers will be interested in what
John M. Truax, a prominent anil practical New
England miller, ill a recent cunmuuieation to
the SliUttOtU has to say upon the subject of
fast and slow- grinding:
To my mind, the reasons given for fast or
slow grinding have not been shown. The
quantity to be ground must depend uisui the
texture "or density of the Btone, the draft, the
number ami depth of furrows, and the grinding
without heating. No more grinding should he
done than can be done without heating. The
heating is the stopping spot. The quautity
that every mill ought to grind is that quantity
that can be ground and not heat, whether it is
Hve, Ml, or lid bushels per hour. If every mil
ler will observe tins as his guide, he w ill do the
best work that he is able to do.
In speaking of heating, I mean to aay that
the grain should not be bo heated by pressure
or rubbing, as will start the juicy or essential
oils of the grain. If the grain oil is started by
friction, that friction produces heat, and that
...... dries and evaporates Hie gram juice, and
the virtue of the Hour is impaired. Any amount
of cooling will not repair the damage done hv
heating. The steam that rises from the hot
running mill is uie vapor ironi out ot the essen
tial oils of the grain, and is lost iu the bread.
To recommend the grinding of 10, IS, or 85
bushels of wheat per hour is had advice, impru
dent, klillers diner in the selection of stones,
and differ aliout their dress, and the motion of
their mill. One w ill have one kind and way,
and another another kind and way; but what
ever way they select, when they go to grinding.
their quantity per hour should ho that which
they can grind and not heat, whether it is three,
five, 10, or 20 bushels per hour. Do not impair
tho Bubstanco for the bulk per hour. Blood
heat is as high as can be warranted without im
pairing the product. It may be ati ambition to
grind last, but an old adage iB "haste makes
wiiBte." If millers are ambitious, letthatanibi
tion be applied to the making of a perfect run
ning mill. Select the very beat huhrs, anil put
in a thoroughly common sense dress; a dresB
that will gruuulate the whole kernel as nearly
as possible. Keep the stones as far apart as
possible, and keep the texture or grain of the
stones clean. Let this be the miller's ambition.
Hut stop adding to quantity when the mill is at
blood heat, and as much Icbs heat aB they are
able to, and let the bread makers and eaten
have iu the Hour all the virtue that Mother
Earth has produced.
THE EFFECT OF TOBACCO ON
HUMAN SYSTEM.
THE
K Novklti in Railway RnmrBinfimw n
iis nowi recently he intention ol the Huston.
ininrop and I out Miirley Uailroad Company
that after investigation and by indorsement and
advice of several of the Wt railroad engineers
it was decided to use 90 pound Angle nils
U'ltcd to sHlwiantial w.nslen stringers, which
Ue placed Upon ordinary ties, and by which
ro j l""'"'og mini nroKeu rails areavoid
Sd, and a large Savuu made in cost of constm...
moo. ie iH-neve tlie "Angle rail is named
after its inventor, Mr. Angle, of Chicago. The
employment of the stringer or sleeper is a
noudty in modern railway practice, we think
ronuerly sUrinn as w ell as tics were used, and
some marked advantages were claimed for them
over the plan of using cross ties alone. A new
term of rail may develop the advantages of
aleeprn over ties, and give ui a new method
5 Sr shaU the good points
lrJaaIFW1 Intenul Kovwiue receipt for
rtvvipu tor the same ituhI during last yw.
rsMnm . up wiexeeM ot fill,.
i th f n "iij'rcwion at the Impertinent
u any, Mow the eotimato of IA,0U),000.
In the fourth annual report of the Michigan
State Hoard of Health, Dr. Scott relates some
thing new in the influence of tobaCOO -OU the hu
man system, aa follows: "There lias come un
der my notice for several years, but more par
ticularly during the last two years, a kinu of
rheumatic condition of the walls of the chest.
The patient complains of a dull, heavy pain
in the chest walla. The disease in a largo ma
jority of cases is confined to the left side. The
pain is circumscribed aud limited to a space of
not more than tWO inches in diameter, just he
low and a little to tho left of the left nipple.
At times the pain is very severe and always con
stant day and night, when the patient iB awake.
1 have invest! Sated the disease to some extent.
and find it to be more common among tobacco
users, especially those Who use tile weed to ex
cess. Patients suffering from this complaint
invariably come to their physician with the lie
lief that they have heart trouble. I have not
found signs of organic lesion in any of the caBes
that 1 have examined, but there does exist iu
some of them what might lie called 'irritable
heart. I am convinced that the greater num
ber of the cases are the result ot intemperance.
either iu the use of tobacco or other sti mil lull ts,
tor the reason that when the patient abstains
from the use of them for a short time, his pain
ceases and his condition improves. In one case,
where the patient abstaineit from the use of to
bacco for ', mouths, the pain entirely ceased;
but at the end of tbia period the gentleman re
commenced the use of tobacco, arid after three
weeks use the old pain returned with all its se
verity. I am certain that quite a number in
this vicinity are receiving treatment for heart
disease, when if they would reform iu tobacco
using they would Speedily recover."
Wbbstir akd tui Staoi Drivib. On oue
occasion Webster w as ou his way to his duties
at Washington, lie ems compelled to proceed
at night by stage from Baltimore. He had no
traveling companion, ami the driver had a sort
of felon look which produced no inconsiderable
alarm in the Senator. "I endeavored to trau
qniUae myself,'' said Webster, "and had
partly succeeded, when we reached the dark
wooda between Bladensburg and Washington
a proper scene for murder or outrage and here,
I confess, my courage again deserted me. Just
then the driver turned to me, and, with a gruff
voice. Inquired my name. I gave it to him.
'W here are you going?' said lie. The reply
was. To Washington. 1 am a Senator.'
I sin this the driver seized me fervently by
the hand, and exclaimed, 'How glad I am! I
have been trembling iu my Beat for the last
hour; for when I looked at you, I took you to
lc a highwayman.'" Jionton Kivniny Tran
rrifit.
Boonci or BLncnucm n Uvnra Boms. -
It is reouisite that a hn iWU i..
relative to the BOUTOS from whence the electric-
n in the System is derived. With every
lireath of air which our lungs inhale, the venom
blood is not only oxidized and transformed into
arterial blood, but it is also charged with elec
tricity, produced by the condensation of the air,
which takes place by the pressure thnragh the
bronchial tubes of the lungs, during the act of
exhalation. That this is actually the owe is
proved by the expstiroent of Dr. Kincke, oi
.x r.u. snow uig that current of electricity i
engendered by preesiug an aqueous liquid or
damp air through a membrane of bladder, or
ilk, or SVen through a diaphragm of sulphur
to a powdered stete; the greatest quantity of
efectriaty, qul to that generated by a Daniell
ektnieut, being yielded by the Utter