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About The Polk County post. (Independence, Or.) 1918-19?? | View Entire Issue (Aug. 20, 1920)
KIEV EVACUATED WHILE BURNING Americans With Polish Army Tell Thrilling Story of Flight From Bolsheviki. MANY ATROCITIES BY REOS Evacuation Is Weird and Picturesque Happening— Hacked and Mutilated Bodies of Polish Soldiers At test Cruelty of Reds. Washington.— A vivid description of the evucuation of Kiev by the Polish army wus received in Washington, in the shape o f mall dispatches from Warsaw, the Polish capital. Colonel Gasklll, formerly of the American army, but now o f the rolish railway mission, and Jay P. Moffat, secretary of the American Legation at Warsaw, furnished two o f the clearest stories o f the actual abandonment of the Ukrainian city. The account, which, nlthough not official, Is regarded as reliable Infor mation, fo llo w s: Picturesque and Thrilling Event “ The evacuation o f K iev by the Pol ish nrray was n picturesque as well as a thrilling event. Credit for sav ing not only his men but also for the rescue o f the immense swarm o f ref ugees which accompanied the nrmy must be given to General Rydz Smlg- ley, the Polish commander of the Kiev occupation. Since the evacuation these refugees have been making their way Into Warsaw clad In anything remotely resembling clothes nnd have been giving truthful but none the less extraordinary accounts of the experi ences which they have undergone. “ Colonel Gasklll, who came out of K iev with the Polish troops, was with the Polish staff there throughout the entire experience nnd witnessed the planning as well as the execution of the evacuation movement. Mr. Moffat took part in the evacuation of Jlto- mierrz and experienced, after the Budenny red cavalry raid, a thrilling night ride through the forests o f Ko vel, while the peasants along the wny were apparently taking pot shots at any soldiers they saw, with little re gard to the color o f their uniforms. "The stories told hy both Colonel Gasklll nnd Mr. Moffat confirm what has so often been said o f the cruelties o f the red troops. Colonel Gasklll told with considerable vividness of the descent of the reds upon the city even before the troops and refugees had gotten away, and o f a night spent amid turbulence and constant Indis criminate firing by the reds on refu gees and troop trains. Fortunately their aim fo r the most part was poor. Mr. Moffat In his region saw the hack ed and mutilated bodies o f Polish sol diers along the roadway at Jltomlercz, nnd the bodies o f four mutilated sol diers hanging in a freight car, their wounds attesting that their deaths had been made as horrible ns humanly 1 cssible. "Th e condition of the refugees was described by both men ns pathetic, men, women nnd babies being huddled Into box cars, nnd nil arrayed In most extraordinary makeshift clothing. They had been summoned to flee the city with hardly more than an hour o f warning nnd all had fled almost as they stood. They had abandoned the<r homes with no preparrtlon. They had no food and no clothing other than what they wore. Even more ter rible than the refugees, however, was was actually under way the convoys were suffering from gunfire as well as from the bombs o f the aviators, and In the city which they had left be hind the fleelug troops and refugees could see the flames mounting steadl- I ly from burning buildings. The ride out was an exciting one. The trains could only be moved at a slow speed, the condition o f the people whom the and Polish soldiers were required on Poles were obliged to leave behind the footboards o f all the engines to since the trains could not accommo maintain order and prevent panic." date them. There were Incidents In which futhers and mothers gave up FRENCH GALLANTRY IS DEAD their places In order that their chil dren, particularly their daughters, Girls Now Have to Fight for Seats In Paris Subway might escape from the doomed region. Trains. Ordered to Leave City. Up to the last, according to Colonel Paris.— So bod have the traveling GaskiU's account, the Poles were de termined to hold the city. The staff conditions become on the tubes here had not only planned but had put that the woman workers. Including the Into operation a scheme for defense, middinettes and modistes o f the fash and General Itydz Smlgley was satis ionable shops, have demanded that a fied that while the cost might be special carriage on each train be re heavy, they could hold their ground. served for women. “ The traditional gnllantry of France A ll the time that the decision was be ing made. Colonel Gasklll stated, the must be dead,” remarked a tired busi stnff headquarters was fairly besieged ness girl. “ Traveling on the metro at by Kussians and Poles begging the certain hours o f the day has become general not to nbandon them and pre nothing more or less than a battle In dicting their fate with the return of which the weak have no chance against the strong.” the reds. The knowledge that the reds had crossed the river and were advancing from the north was confirmed by the appearance o f red airplanes which be gan dropping Incendiary bombs on the city so that In a relatively short time half a dozen fires were burning. “ W hile the Polish staff was en deavoring to reach a decision the posi tive order came from the chief of staff, Pilsudski, to abandon the place, and a wild rush o f preparation began. A Polish Red Cross nnd other agen cies began to gather together the ref ugees nnd the army officials to mar shal their men. These preparations were, of course, noted by the enemy, and the number o f red planes in creased. By the time the movement Wireless Guidance for Swedish Fishers Stockholm. — Wireless tele phone receivers are being placed by the Swedish government on fishing crnft, so the fishers mny be warned of bad weather nnd Informed where good catches of herring may be expected. As no transmitters w ill be placed on the boats the fishers will not be able to communicate with other vessels nor with wireless sta tions on store. Building Giant Airship for United States The giant framework of the It-38, the world’s largest airship, being built at Cardington beds, England, for tha United States government. It Is now nearing completion. BEAT RENT HOGS BY CO-OPERATION Finns Build and Occupy Own Apartments for Only $26.35 a Month. VENTILATION IN H, C. L. IN FOR REAL BATTLE METAL MINES An Economic Fault That Should quate ventilation of metal mines than o f coal mines. The latter require air Be Remedied, Says Federal currents to remove explosive gases and the fumes o f explosives, but metal Engineer. mines, In addition to the need o f re moving fumes of explosives and occa sionally explosive gases, frequently have need o f removing dusts danger ous to health, reduction o f high tem peratures and high humidity, and re One Thousand Die Annually From moval o f Inert, but unhealthful gases. Miner's Consumption, Chiefly Caused The main features nlTectlng metal- by Dust— Time Lost Aggregates mine ventilation as outlined In part Millions of Dollars. by Mr. Harrington, are: Movement of A ir— This Involves ef Washington.— The desirability of fects o f air movement at various tem efficient control of air currents and peratures, humidities, and with cer the necessity o f supplying metal mine tain gases present, and the advisable workers with better and safer work velocity o f current to use. ing conditions has created an active Temperature— The temperature of Interest in metal mine ventilation, es the air In a metal mine Is Influenced pecially in recent years. In a paper by the outside air temperature, under Just Issued by the United States bu ground rock and water temperature, reau of mines the writer, D. Harring oxidation of ores and timbers, mine ton, mining engineer o f the bureau, fires, friction of air due to velocity of discusses the subject both with regard flow, movement of ground, firing of to efficiency and economy as well ns shots, quantity o f air circulating, heat safety and health. It is based on per from breathing o f men and animals, sonal observations o f Mr. Harrington heated air from other mines, heat from during more than four years’ study electric motors nnd other machinery. of metal mines In six states, in which Humidity— The humidity o f mine nlr more than fifty mines were visited. depends on the relative humidity of In coal mines ventilation Is general surface air, wetness of shafts nnd ly regarded as essential, but in many workings, the velocities, quantities, metal mines, especially shallow ones, and temperatures o f the air circulated. the operators pay little attention to Where small fan units are employed ventilation, or ignore it altogether, to force nlr through galvanized Iron says the writer. Mr. Hnrrlngton says: or canvas tubing, these also affect the Ventilation Necessary. humidity through absorption or depo “ There Is greater necessity fo r ade- sition o f moisture. Mine gases and dusts— The Intnke air Is usually pure, except In rare In stances where 6moke or dust from sur face works may be present. The air In the mine changes through breathing of men and animals, burning of lights, oxidation o f ore or timber, gases Issu ing from strata, gnses from mine fires, fumes from explosives, gases from compressed air, gnses from operation o f machinery, dusts from drilling, blasting, shoveling nnd other work. Studied by Experts. The writer snys that the burenu of mines and the United States public health service. In conjunction with the Investigation of mine dusts nnd gnses, are studying effects o f temperature nnd humidity on workmen's health and efficiency. "F ew mines having humid hot work ing places with no circulation have es caped without one or more futilities from ‘heart failure,’ which Is really heat prostration,” ssiys the writer, “ .vet proper nlr circulation would make 1 these mines endurable. “ In some mines where gases such as nitrogen or enrbon dioxide Issue from the strata, futnlltles nnd mnny enses of gassing have occurred from Inade quate ventilntlon; the remedy Is force or pressure ventilation with constant vigilance. Mnny lives have been lost as well ns much property, from fires in metal mines because no ventilating equipment arranged to control the nlr currents In such an emergency bad been provided. “ Miners' consumption probably kills at least 1.000 metal miners annually In the United States, nnd causes a los« of time aggregating millions o f dol lars ; the misery nnd suffering to min ers and their families cannot he esti The British ambassador to the United States, Sir Auckland Geddes, pre mated. Tet the causes of this dl«en«c senting to Gen. John J. Pershing a mngnlflcent sword. Jeweled, chased and could he reduced 7.1 per cent. If not engraved In commemoration o f the splendid services rendered during the war wholly eliminated by proper preventive by General Pershing and the men who fought under him. The sword wns a measures on the part o f operator and gift from the corporation and city of London, delayed until London’s Jewelers miner, one o f the most potent meas could he released from their military tasks long enough to fashion the gift ure* as previously mentioned. Is ade quate ventilation.”_____ __ with all possible ca re .___ LIVES AND EFFICIENCY LOST General Pershing Gets Jeweled Sword Co-Operative Bakeries and Dairies A re Soon to Be Erected— Communi ty Club House and Co-Operatlvs Restaurant Big Success. New York.— In these hectic days of frenzied family finance when the life o f the average New Yorker Is Just one moving van after another, envious at tention Is directed toward a certain group of thrifty citizens who are re siding calmly, comfortably and cheaply In their own a irtment houses. Their leisure hours are never Invad ed by landlords and reul estate ngents, their sleep Is undisturbed by nlght- mnres of sudden evictions, nnd their eyesight Is unhurt hy constant contact with the dally “ to let” columns. They live in attractive, sunny homes, con taining the latest Inspirations In plumbing, the newest styles hi win dows, Hnd the hottest kind of hent. For nil o f these luxuries they pay about $30 per family per month, with the,pleasant knowledge that the rent never can be raised unless they per mit it. Are Not Plutocrats, Either. They are not wealthy. They nre hard-working people— c u r p e n t e r s , painters, pnperhnngers, tailors, type setters nnd shop keepers nnd their fam ilies— who nre not often found dwell ing In luxury when the rest o f the world Is putting up with all sorts of Inconveniences. How do they do It? Well, In the first place, they live In Brooklyn. But that does not explain It. Brooklyn Is not Immune from the high cost of liv ing any more than nny other town. But they nre Finns, nnd that explains a great deal. For the Finns are an ex tremely thrifty lot. So It happens thnt while most na tive Americans have been sitting around deploring the high cost o f liv ing but meekly paying exorbitant prices for food nnd rents, the Finns of Brooklyn have been forming co-opera tive societies nml forcing down ihelr living costs to the lowest possible min imum. Besides two co-operative apartment houses, they own a com munity club house, a eo-operutive res taurant and plots of ground upon which co-operative bakeries and dul- rles soon nre to be erected. First came the club house, vhlcli Is always the first social move o f the Finns wherever they go. It Is an at tractive building, with coffee and game rooms, smoking parlors, women's club rooms, and an auditorium, where pub lic meetings, dances and theatricals nre held. To the Finn dramn Is al most as essential as food, so that the people do not consider It an extrava gance to employ a dramatic coach for their young people. Across from the club house Is the co-operative restau rant, and nearby Is n lot which some day, when building conditions become a trifle more stable. Is to support a co operative moving picture house. The chief uctivlty o f the club houRe soon became the voicing of discontent with living conditions. The Finns, hav ing come to America, the land o f op portunity, seeking relief from u stern nnd exacting environment, were frank ly disappointed. They found them selves crowded Into grimy tenements, with Insufficient hent nnd water nnd light nnd nlr, nnd unnhle to enrn enough to obtain anything better. The wages which hnd appeared so high to them from the other side o f the ocean seemed to shrink visibly ns they were doled out for food nnd rent nnd clothes. America Worse Than Finland. “ A fter all,” declared one o f the Fin nish apartment house dwellers the oth er day, “ It wns Just ns hnd ns In Fin land, only In some ways It wns a little worse because It wns all strange— the country, the language nnd the ways of the people. In some of the tenement tints the kitchen was the only room thnt wus heated, and It was not lnrge enough to hold nil of the family at once. The children caught colds go ing from heated rooms to unheated ones, nnd half the time In those old houses the wnter failed to run from the spigot, so that It was hard for us to keep clean. It Is still so. When you tell the landlords, they say they ennnot afford to make repnlrs.” ltut the Finns were not satisfied merely to discuss conditions. They decided to change them. The carpen ters and* the painters and plasterers and the pnperhnngers among them knew a good deni about building, nnd they finally suggested the Idea of a co operatively owned apartment house. They realized that It would he a huge undertaking for families with so little capltnl, but experience In Finland hud taught them the value of co-operation. In the beginning, 20 families were In terest ed In the project, but when It actually came to the stage o f signing contracts and buying ground and A id for Fleeing Russians A Turkish water carrier distributing water among itusslan families on board a vessel, fleelug from their devastated Russian homes to southern Europe. “ 'Flapper/ Give Up Seat,” Say Women of London London.— “ You mny have my seat, sir,” Is what the “ flapper” should say when she finds n tired, overworked business mnn standing near her In a London train or bus. This revolution In feminine deportment Is suggest ed not by the men but by Eng lishwomen who object to their husbands surrendering seats in public conveyances to girls nnd women returning home after frivolous errands. building materials, all but six became discouraged and dropped out. Six fumllles, however, refused to re linquish the project, nnd saw it through to the bitter end. They pro* posed to build a 10-fanilly apartment house, and found themselves facing tha problem o f raising $45,000. A treas urer was appointed, nnd each family paid weekly Installments to the com munal treasury until they hnd $8,000 In n box. W ith this they bought a building plot. The rest o f the money they obtained from a co-operative so ciety’s bank In the form of first and second mortgages. Much of the building wns done by the men o f the six families, all of whom took a special pride In their work nnd strove frantically to outri val one another In painting nnd plas tering various rooms. Their task com pleted, the co-operators moved In, henvily In debt ns It might seem to the unco-operntlve. Actually, however, they were paying Interest on their own debts, nnd not on the debts of some landlord. Thnt Interest, together with substantial monthly payments on prin cipal, taxes, general upkeep, nnd oth er expenses, amounted to considerably less than they would hnve pnld In rent for apartments of the snme size. Ench family hnd a light, five-room apartment, with nil modern Improve ments Including telephone, hot nnd cold water, n hath room nnd a kitchen (not a kitchenette) nnd for these ac commodations they pnld Into the com mon building fund $20.35 a month. Thsn Cam« the Rush! As It heenme known thnt such homes could he obtained nt such a remarka bly low price, the first six co-operators were overwhelmed with applications from other families, who wished to Join the movement. The house was soon full o f tennnts, but so great was the demand for similar accommoda tions that another co-operative group was organized to build a second apart ment house. This time the co-opera tors were not so timid In risking thelf money, nnd decided that their house should be even bigger with even great er conveniences. Incidentally, It wns to cost $50,000 more, due not to the added Improve ments hut to the Increased cost of building materials. The cost of the latter rose so rapidly that n third group, which was on the point o f or ganization, decided to defc*r building until conditions became a trifle less chaotic and the cost o f bricks went down. Envy of Less Enterprising. This was two years ago. Today, these progressive, co-operative Finns are the envy of all their less enterpris ing neighbors. They nre enjoying warm, comfortable and convenient homes nt a small cost at a lime when many Individuals are reduced to un comfortable makeshifts and all are de pendent on the none too tender mer cies o f their landlords. Each family Is permitted to pay off Its share o f the principal as rapidly ns possible, nnd several o f them have nearly achieved complete ownership of their npnrtments. Others, moving to other cities, have been compelled rt- luc'nutly to part with theirs, only one ristrlctlon Is plaee 1 o.i the sale of an apartment, nnd that Is the provi sion that only one apartment may bo owned by each family— In order to maintain the true co-operative nature of the colony. Thus, the Finns hnve shown us how to make the most of tl e motto on our natlonnt currency, "In union there 1* strength.”— Frederic J. Husk In In Chi- cage News. t