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About The Polk County post. (Independence, Or.) 1918-19?? | View Entire Issue (June 11, 1920)
3 Oldest Theater in America to Be Tom Down D A IR Y FA CTS H orticultural Hints PROPER PRUNING FOR APPLE VALUE OF BULL ASSOCIATION Aa Tree G rad u ally Becom es Older, Treatm ent Decreases in Severity arsH The Walnut theater, Philadelphia, erected In 1803, and which Is soon to be torn down, is considered the oldest theater still standing in America. Here most o f the famous stars o f the past century appeared. 33,000,000 Come in 144 Years Immigration Figures Show Great Britain Has Given 8,400,* 000 to Our Population. 4,500,000 GOME FROM IRELAND N e w Y o rk C ity is H uge M eltin g Pot fo r the H ordes T h a t Com e From O verseas— A u stria One of the L a rg e st Contributors. New York— Thirty-three million Im migrants have come to this country In the 144 years since It was proclaim ed that all men are horn free and equal, and yet It was estimated at the recent national convention on immi gration held here (hut there was a shortage of 4,000,(NX) Immigrant work ers In this country, which was given <ts one of the chief reasons for the lilgh cost of living. "H istory records no similar move ment of population which In rapidity or volume can equal this,” says a bul letin of the National (leogrnphic so ciety. "Compared to it the hordes that InvHtled Europe froln Asia, great and enormous as they were, were Inslg- nlflcant. "O f the 33,(XX),(XX) who have come more than 14,000,600 still live among us, and their children and children's children are now In good truth hone o f our hone and blood of our blood. Not long ago America crossed the 10»,ooo.noo Hue In the number of Its citizens, and It is Interesting to note (he composition of that population. "T o begin with, there are 11,(XX),- 000 colored people. Then there are 14,000,000 people of foreign birth among us. In add.lion to these there are 11.000,000 children o f foreign horn fathers and mothers and (1,000,1X1» children o f foreign horn fathers and native mothers, or vice versa. When all these have been deducted from the KX).(XXMXX) only r>4.(XX),(XX) remain of full while native ancestry. Includes Illu strio u s Citizens. "Yet the 35,(XX),(XXI American people who are of foreign stock that is, for eigti horn or the children of foreign- MEMORIAL TO FARRAGUT has accomplished wonders, In a water system surpassing unytlhng o f Its kind on earth. V o catio n al Education. in KinH. The general pruning treatment rec ommended for apple trees Is stated briefly us follows by V. It. Gardner o f the University of Missouri College of Agriculture In Circular 90: During the first few yeurs o f a tree’s life In the orchard It should be pruned se verely (starting out with perhaps a 75 per cent pruning) und this should consist In both thinning out und head ing back, with perhaps the emphasis upon the heading back. This heavy pruning Is for the purpose o f encour aging wood growth nnd developing the framework o f the tree. As the tree becomes older pruning gradually decreases in severity until at six or seven years when It Is reaching bear ing age and size very little pruning Is necessary; and as it gradually lessens In severity It gradually changes In kind, consisting less and less In head ing back and more in thinning out. This general method o f procedure serves to develop a frult-spur system and bring the tree Into hearing. A fter the tree Is once In bearing pruning gradually Increases In amount but con tinues to be mainly a thinning out; and this thinning out should consist In a removal of a few large limbs. When this plan Is followed there Is some thinning o f fruit spurs and the fruit crop, overbearing Is prevented and the length o f life, regularity of bearlug and efficiency o f Individual fruit spurs is promoted. Ordinarily pruning Is done at some time lu the donimnt season after most of the leaves are off in the fall and before the buds open In the spring. Doubtless this Is the best time of the year for most pruning. The tree Is bare, and It Is easier for the pruner to see what he Is doing and choose more Intelligently between limbs that should be removed and those that should he left. There Is more apt to Along with many other cities. New York leumed that a vust majority of the children who attend public schools do not go to college afterward. From that suggestion developed the Idea of horn pnrents— Includes some of the vocational education which Is now ac most Illustrious citizens o f our repub complishing wonders. Perhaps more lic. Even the president of the United than any other one agent it Is helping Stutes bus only one ancestor who was to transform In heart and action the born In America, and the list is long alien life o f the metropolis Into purt and notable of stutesinen, captains of nnd parcel of our body politic. The im Industry, leaders o f tinnnee, Investors, migrants' children are being fitted for makers o f literature and progress, that economic Independence which who huve strains o f blood not more comes with skilled hands instend o f be than one generation on this side of the ing sent forth from school with un trained hands and poorly trained sea. "An examination o f the statistics of minds. “ When one reflects that seven out o f American Immigration shows that since the foundation o f our government every nine children o f school age In Great Britain hus contributed 8,400,000 New York nre o f immigrant parentage, of her people and Germany more than a situation Is disclosed that might be tl,000,000. Ireland with more than 4,- termed startling, especially when It Is 000,(XX) the rest of Greut Britain with remembered that the school army Is so u little less than 4,000,000, and Scandi large that If It marched ten abreast In navia, with something less than 2,000,- close formation the front rank would 000, have, together with Germany con be boarding a North river ferryboat tributed more than half o f the total im when the rear guard were crossing the migration to our shores since the be Schuylkill out o f Philadelphia. “ It Is a staggering task which con ginning of the ltevolutionury war. "When we take the German Immigra fronts the city In Americanizing such tion o f the United States between 1778 huge numbers o f youthful foreigners. and 1800 and compare It with that from Indeed, did It not happen that New other countries, u somewhat startling York is so rich— with assessed values result, and one usuully unsuspected. Is greuter than those o f the next seven disclosed. The total arrivals of aliens cities In America combined— It might In those 114 yeurs aggregated 15,008, well cull upon the national government (XX), o f whom more than 6,<XX),<XX) were for aid. But with such wealth It Is British and Irish, and 5,125,000 were hearing the burden alone and is doing It admirably. Germans, which shows that one alien "One might write at length about out of every three arriving In America during more than a century o f our ex striking features o f the New York pub istence was u German. Only Great lic schools which stand among all the agencies for Americanizing immigrants' I Britain shows a greater proportion. children. How these schools take "Since 1800 the trend has been very seventy odd tongues and substitute | different. With more than 17,(XX),(XX) good English; how they not only labor Immigrant arrivals since that date, only to fit hoys and girls for Intelligent nnd 1,023, (XX) have been Germans. If from useful places In the country’s greut In Ibis number a proper deduction Is dustrial system, hut also to employ made for those who returned to their ment bureaus bring the trained pupil homeland and those who have died and the open Job together; how they W all-Pru ne d A pple Tree, Three Y e a rs since their arrival, It will he seen that provide every year for the children of Old. there are few er than n million former nn added population equnl to that of subjects o f the kulser In this country Memphis, Tenn.— ure achievements und be time for the work than during the who have not been here more Hum 20 problems worthy o f consideration of growing season. Probably it is better years. O f more than 8,tXX),(XX) people Americans everywhere.” to prune while the tissues o f thy tree of German birth and Immediate ances are not frozen, as there Is less iifit to try among us less than a million fall be mechanical injury to them from A fr a id to T a k e a Chance. to have a background of birth or long Muncle, Ind.— Marriage license rec bruising, splitting, etc. Certain specific residence In America behind them. ords show that clerks, bookkeepers objects may be accomplished by sum Ireland Sends Many. and other so-called salary men are mer pruning, but It is necessary that “ II Is Interesting to note the other not marrying these days, but that the summer pruning he timed Just foreign elements that have entered In those engaged In mechanical work right, and that particular care be tak to the makeup of American population are. Out o f 170 licenses Issued dur en If those objects are to be attained. since 1770. What a wealth o f blood ing the first three months o f the year, At least, In case of the apple it is be that wonderful little Island, Ireland, 127 were obtained by mechanics, la lieved that summer pruning should he has given us. More Irish have crossed borers and farmers. attempted only by the professional the seus to become part o f us than grower who Is prepared to make a have remained behind. It Is remark- careful study of the subject. WOMEN ARE EXPERTS able that so small an Island— smaller. Indeed, than the state o f Maine— could OPEN-CENTERED TREES BEST In a century and n half send us enough people to duplicate tIt»* present popti Possess A dvan tage of E x p o sin g Leaf 'a t Ion o f eleven o f our states having Su rface to S u n lig h t— W e ake r an aggregate area us large its the Uni T han Leader Type. ted Kingdom, France, Germany and Austria Hungary together. The open-centered tree, theoretical "Austria stands next on the list of ly at least, possesses the advantage contributors. Italy Inis sent us enough of exposing Its lea f surface, spur sys of her people to duplicate the popula tem nnd fruits more fully to sunlight tion of Montana. Wyoming, Idaho, Ore and o f facilitating certain orchard op gon, Nevada. Utah, Colorado, Arizona erations, such as pruning, spraying, and New Mexico, while England’s and thinning, and picking. On the other Scotland's contribution, 3,8.89,000 in nil, hand It Is mechanically weaker than together with Ireland's t,5tx).(XX). gives the lender type of tree. In that there u total of H,381M XX), or plenty to popu nre few er nnd larger scaffold limbs late all the states lying west of Texas that are more apt to split down nt and the Dakotas, The Russians who the crotches when heavily loaded and have come to our shores number 3,419.- subjugated to high winds. IXXV In considering the part that New York elty has played lu aiding to ns- stinllntc this vast tntlux, It Is pointed out that three persons out o f every four here were tnirn under foreign tings or are the children o f the foreign- There Is a time In the career o f all horn. Commenting on how the one- Insects and fungus diseases when fourth o f the city's population, (hat Is. spraying Is most effective. of native ancestry, has Americanized • • • the three-fourths that Is foreign In It pays to prune the orchard and birth or parentage, the society rays: berry patch. Do It now. Spray also "H e who studies at first hand the Hnd clean marketable fruit w ill result. processes o f Amerlrnnlzatlon and citi • • • zen building tlnds work being done It Is especially desirable when which would stir the heart o f the most Women nre becoming expert fnctory spraying up under the trees where the unemotional observer He realizes that hands and are continuing tc hold down foliage Is thick nnd It Is necessary to all of what Is called New York's poll Jobs fo r which only men were form er cover every portion thoroughly. tie*, stories of graft and the like, art* ly thought to he fitted. Thla charm • • • hut the froth and foam which fleck the Ing hut efficient operator rune a m u lti Don't take chances with San Jose waves o f the city's life, while beneath fold color label press In a Portland. scale. Give your apple trees at least runs n deep currant o f progress nnd Ore., factr ry. nnd though o nly twen one application of full strength Hme- public spirit which takes form In care ty-four year» old, handles her b ig m i sulphur. Make this application tie- fully conceived and splendidly execut chine as expertly as did the m an who fore any of the buds commence to ed health laws. In a school system that used to run the machine. ■well. V The memorial window to Admiral David Glasgow Farrs gut, which will be placed In the chape! of the United States Naval academy at Annapolis, The design o f the window la tinted on (he Incident In the moraentoui battle o f Mobile hay, when he placed Ills trust lu "divin e guidance" nml order ed his men to "sail over the tor pedoes." The memorial Is being pre- sen te! by the graduates o f the acad emy. rhannez F arm e rs Enabled to Co-Operate Purchase and Use of Sire at Low est Expense. o tesi (By In n. W. C LA R K . Colorado Agricultu ral College. Fort Collins, Colo.) The hull association Is strictly a co operative enterprise. Five, eight, or ten farmers In u neighborhood unite In the purchase and use o f a bull. The number of farmers In a community proposition like this depends upon the number o f cows each keeps and proximity to each other. A local or ganization like this Is called n "block.” There may be other "blocks” in the same township or county, all operat ing under the same constitution and by-laws. A fter a bull has been used two years or so In one "block” he Is exchanged for another bull in one of the blocks. Through this kind of an organiza tion, the purchase price of the bull per fanner Is low. The cost o f the keep o f the bull Is distributed among a larger number of people, only good bulls are used and ln-breedlng Is avoided. Farmers should look Into this prop osition. It means much to them. LESS FARM ANIMALS IN 1919 In terestin g to Note T h a t M ulee and M ilc h Cow a Show S lig h t Increase In Num bers. A alight Increase In the number o f milch cows and mules and a moderate decrease In the number of other cat tle (calves, steers, bulls, and cows not for milk), horses, sheep, and swine are the outstanding features of a survey o f live stock on farms and ranges of the United States on January 1, as compared with a year ago, made by the bureau o f crop estimates. United States department of agriculture. Milch cows have Increased about 272.000 head, or 1.2 per cent; mules Increased 41,000 head or 0.8 per cent; “ other” cattle (as designated above) decreased 700,000 head, or 1.6 per cen t; horses decreased 373.000 head, or 1.7 per cent; sheep decreased 251,- DO AWAY WITH SCRUB STOCK 000 head, or 0.5 per cen t; and swine decreased 1,875,000 head, or 222 per Registered B u ll C a lf Can Be Obtained cent The estimated number o f animals on at Reasonable F igure— M ilk F lo w farms and ranges January 1 are 21,- Increased. 109.000 horses, 4,905,000 mules, 23,- ( B y O. H. H ANSEN o f the dairy hus 747.000 milch cows, 44,385,000 other bandry division, Minnesota College of cattle, 48,815,000 sheep, and 72,909,000 A griculture.) hogs. The total of all animals Is Why should anyone be satisfied with 215,760.000, which Is 2.686,000 head, or scrub cattle? It Is true there are not 1.2 per cenL less than a year ago. enough purebreds for all. but the heif The total value o f all farm animals ers from a scrub herd will be won on January 1 was about $8,561,000,000, derfully Improved over their dams If which Is a shrinkage o f $266,000,000, they are sired by a good purebred bull or 3 per cent, compared with a year from a productive dam. A registered ago. It la an Interesting observation bull calf can be had at a reasonable that mulea and milch cows which In- price from a dam which has made a creditable record, nnd the offspring of such a bull proves the wisdom of the Investment. It Is a known fact that In many cases the milk produced by the heifer o f such a bull is more than double that o f the dam. Neither these animals nor their offspring will ever be purebred, but the continued use o f a first-class registered dairy bull o f the same breed will In a few years result In a herd that may equal In production many purebred herds. NCREASING VALUE OF COWS G a in of 58 P e r Cent in Five Y e a rs Is Show n by R eports of Bureau of C ro p Estim ates. The farm cow that gives milk for human food stands first, with a total value o f $2,022,000,000, as compared with other classes o f farm animals for January 1, 1920, by the bureau of crop estimates o f the United States A Good M ule C an S tan d M ore H a rd W o r k T h a n a H orse and H e W ill Consum e Lean Feed. creased In numbers also Increased In value per head; whereas all other classes o f animals decreased In value per head, as well ns In total numbers. RULES FOR LIVE STOCK MEN Satisfied P u rc h a se r Is Beat A d ve rtise m ent and Breeder S h o u ld L ive U p to Guarantees. A ve rage Price of M ilk C o w s Per H ead H a s Increased F rom $58.25 in 1915 tc $91.95 In 1919. department of agriculture. Not even the total value o f all other cattle Is equal to the value o f the dairy cow. The average price per head o f milk cows In this country has increased from $58.25, since January 1, 1915, to $91.95, the r.verage fo r 1919, or a gain o f 58 per cent In five years, accord ing to the bureau. PUREBRED SIRE IS VALUABLE F irs t C ro ss on A verage H erd Increased Incom e $32 Per C o w in Province of Ontario. The first cross o f a purebred hull on the average dnlry herd Increased the Income $32 per cow. These figures were secured in the province of Ontario In comparison o f 140 herds using grade bulls nnd 31 using pure breds. Mr. Rex E. Willard of the farm management department o f the North Dakota Agricultural college. In npplylng these figures to North Dnkotn, shows that If one farmer with 20 cows using grade hulls received an income of $t,GS0, his neighbor with 20 cows but who began using purebred hulls five years ago should receive $2,- 320, or $640 more. WASH If MILK BOTTLE WELL Allow ed to Stan d It Shou ld Be F ille d W ith W a te r to Prevent Casein F rom H ardening. The milk bottle if not washed as soon as emptied should he filled with cold or lukewarm water till It Is washed. The albumen and casein harden nnd stick fast when they dry as well as when heated. So that If hot water Is poured In the bottle or can that has hnd milk In It the al bumen nnd casein will harden and stick. A fter washing with lukewarm water use hot water, which removes the fat. and rinse In boiling water or steam to kill the bacteria.— Extension Division, North Dakota Agricultural College. Here are ten good rules for live stock breeders, vouched for by the ani mal husbandry men at the New York State College of Agriculture at Ith aca: Be honest. Choose n breed, and stick to IL Breed with the correct type In mind. Study pedigree for Inherited char acteristics, relative merit and value. Keep your herd or flock free from disease. Develop the young animals and maintain the breeding animals through wise, feeding and management Boost better live stock in your com munity. Advertise Judiciously. Exhibit at the county, state and other live stock shows. Remember that a satisfied purchaser Is your best advertisement So be prompt In registering and transferring animals, and make good all guaran tees. BUSINESS OF FEEDING STOCK Frequent S h ifts and C h an ge s R equire One Sh ou ld Be A live to Keep U p W ith Procession. The business of feeding livestock Is a shifting, changing sort o f thing which requires that one should he alive If he Is going to keep up with the pro cession. If you wish to make the most profit you must use economy In pro duction nnd In feeding. I f you do this, and profit to the greatest extent from the experience of your neighbors and from the experiment stations, your chances of success are good. CARING FOR PREGNANT SOWS A n im al 8hould N ot Be Fed So Heav- lly T h a t She le T o o F a t to T ak a Sufficlant Exereiee. Pregnant sows should not be fed so heavily that they become too fat o« refute to take sufficient exercise. The amount fed la as Important aa the kind o f food supplied. A mature sow should gain aa much during the breed ing and gestation periods aa she nor mally lose* during the farrowing and suckling period*. On the average thla will be from 68 to 85 pounds.