3
Oldest Theater in America to Be Tom Down
D A IR Y
FA CTS
H orticultural
Hints
PROPER PRUNING FOR APPLE VALUE OF BULL ASSOCIATION
Aa
Tree G rad u ally Becom es Older,
Treatm ent Decreases in Severity
arsH
The Walnut theater, Philadelphia, erected In 1803, and which Is soon to be torn down, is considered the oldest
theater still standing in America. Here most o f the famous stars o f the past century appeared.
33,000,000 Come
in 144 Years
Immigration Figures Show Great
Britain Has Given 8,400,*
000 to Our Population.
4,500,000 GOME FROM IRELAND
N e w Y o rk C ity is H uge M eltin g Pot
fo r the H ordes T h a t Com e From
O verseas— A u stria One of the
L a rg e st Contributors.
New York— Thirty-three million Im
migrants have come to this country
In the 144 years since It was proclaim
ed that all men are horn free and
equal, and yet It was estimated at the
recent national convention on immi
gration held here (hut there was a
shortage of 4,000,(NX) Immigrant work
ers In this country, which was given
<ts one of the chief reasons for the
lilgh cost of living.
"H istory records no similar move
ment of population which In rapidity
or volume can equal this,” says a bul
letin of the National (leogrnphic so
ciety. "Compared to it the hordes that
InvHtled Europe froln Asia, great and
enormous as they were, were Inslg-
nlflcant.
"O f the 33,(XX),(XX) who have come
more than 14,000,600 still live among
us, and their children and children's
children are now In good truth hone
o f our hone and blood of our blood.
Not long ago America crossed the
10»,ooo.noo Hue In the number of Its
citizens, and It is Interesting to note
(he composition of that population.
"T o begin with, there are 11,(XX),-
000 colored people. Then there are
14,000,000 people of foreign birth
among us. In add.lion to these there
are 11.000,000 children o f foreign horn
fathers and mothers and (1,000,1X1»
children o f foreign horn fathers and
native mothers, or vice versa. When
all these have been deducted from the
KX).(XXMXX) only r>4.(XX),(XX) remain of
full while native ancestry.
Includes Illu strio u s Citizens.
"Yet the 35,(XX),(XXI American people
who are of foreign stock that is, for
eigti horn or the children of foreign-
MEMORIAL TO FARRAGUT
has accomplished wonders, In a water
system surpassing unytlhng o f Its kind
on earth.
V o catio n al Education.
in
KinH.
The general pruning treatment rec
ommended for apple trees Is stated
briefly us follows by V. It. Gardner o f
the University of Missouri College of
Agriculture In Circular 90: During
the first few yeurs o f a tree’s life In
the orchard It should be pruned se
verely (starting out with perhaps a
75 per cent pruning) und this should
consist In both thinning out und head
ing back, with perhaps the emphasis
upon the heading back. This heavy
pruning Is for the purpose o f encour
aging wood growth nnd developing
the framework o f the tree. As the
tree becomes older pruning gradually
decreases in severity until at six or
seven years when It Is reaching bear
ing age and size very little pruning Is
necessary; and as it gradually lessens
In severity It gradually changes In
kind, consisting less and less In head
ing back and more in thinning out.
This general method o f procedure
serves to develop a frult-spur system
and bring the tree Into hearing. A fter
the tree Is once In bearing pruning
gradually Increases In amount but con
tinues to be mainly a thinning out;
and this thinning out should consist
In a removal of a few large limbs.
When this plan Is followed there Is
some thinning o f fruit spurs and the
fruit crop, overbearing Is prevented
and the length o f life, regularity of
bearlug and efficiency o f Individual
fruit spurs is promoted.
Ordinarily pruning Is done at some
time lu the donimnt season after most
of the leaves are off in the fall and
before the buds open In the spring.
Doubtless this Is the best time of the
year for most pruning. The tree Is
bare, and It Is easier for the pruner to
see what he Is doing and choose more
Intelligently
between
limbs
that
should be removed and those that
should he left. There Is more apt to
Along with many other cities. New
York leumed that a vust majority of
the children who attend public schools
do not go to college afterward. From
that suggestion developed the Idea of
horn pnrents— Includes some of the vocational education which Is now ac
most Illustrious citizens o f our repub complishing wonders. Perhaps more
lic. Even the president of the United than any other one agent it Is helping
Stutes bus only one ancestor who was to transform In heart and action the
born In America, and the list is long alien life o f the metropolis Into purt
and notable of stutesinen, captains of nnd parcel of our body politic. The im
Industry, leaders o f tinnnee, Investors, migrants' children are being fitted for
makers o f literature and progress, that economic Independence which
who huve strains o f blood not more comes with skilled hands instend o f be
than one generation on this side of the ing sent forth from school with un
trained hands and poorly trained
sea.
"An examination o f the statistics of minds.
“ When one reflects that seven out o f
American Immigration shows that since
the foundation o f our government every nine children o f school age In
Great Britain hus contributed 8,400,000 New York nre o f immigrant parentage,
of her people and Germany more than a situation Is disclosed that might be
tl,000,000. Ireland with more than 4,- termed startling, especially when It Is
000,(XX) the rest of Greut Britain with remembered that the school army Is so
u little less than 4,000,000, and Scandi large that If It marched ten abreast In
navia, with something less than 2,000,- close formation the front rank would
000, have, together with Germany con be boarding a North river ferryboat
tributed more than half o f the total im when the rear guard were crossing the
migration to our shores since the be Schuylkill out o f Philadelphia.
“ It Is a staggering task which con
ginning of the ltevolutionury war.
"When we take the German Immigra fronts the city In Americanizing such
tion o f the United States between 1778 huge numbers o f youthful foreigners.
and 1800 and compare It with that from Indeed, did It not happen that New
other countries, u somewhat startling York is so rich— with assessed values
result, and one usuully unsuspected. Is greuter than those o f the next seven
disclosed. The total arrivals of aliens cities In America combined— It might
In those 114 yeurs aggregated 15,008, well cull upon the national government
(XX), o f whom more than 6,<XX),<XX) were for aid. But with such wealth It Is
British and Irish, and 5,125,000 were hearing the burden alone and is doing
It admirably.
Germans, which shows that one alien
"One might write at length about
out of every three arriving In America
during more than a century o f our ex striking features o f the New York pub
istence was u German. Only Great lic schools which stand among all the
agencies for Americanizing immigrants' I
Britain shows a greater proportion.
children.
How these schools take
"Since 1800 the trend has been very
seventy odd tongues and substitute |
different. With more than 17,(XX),(XX)
good English; how they not only labor
Immigrant arrivals since that date, only
to fit hoys and girls for Intelligent nnd
1,023, (XX) have been Germans. If from
useful places In the country’s greut In
Ibis number a proper deduction Is
dustrial system, hut also to employ
made for those who returned to their
ment bureaus bring the trained pupil
homeland and those who have died
and the open Job together; how they W all-Pru ne d A pple Tree, Three Y e a rs
since their arrival, It will he seen that
provide every year for the children of
Old.
there are few er than n million former
nn added population equnl to that of
subjects o f the kulser In this country
Memphis, Tenn.— ure achievements und be time for the work than during the
who have not been here more Hum 20
problems worthy o f consideration of growing season. Probably it is better
years. O f more than 8,tXX),(XX) people
Americans everywhere.”
to prune while the tissues o f thy tree
of German birth and Immediate ances
are not frozen, as there Is less iifit to
try among us less than a million fall
be mechanical injury to them from
A fr a id to T a k e a Chance.
to have a background of birth or long
Muncle, Ind.— Marriage license rec bruising, splitting, etc. Certain specific
residence In America behind them.
ords show that clerks, bookkeepers objects may be accomplished by sum
Ireland Sends Many.
and other so-called salary men are mer pruning, but It is necessary that
“ II Is Interesting to note the other not marrying these days, but that the summer pruning he timed Just
foreign elements that have entered In those engaged In mechanical work right, and that particular care be tak
to the makeup of American population are. Out o f 170 licenses Issued dur en If those objects are to be attained.
since 1770. What a wealth o f blood ing the first three months o f the year, At least, In case of the apple it is be
that wonderful little Island, Ireland, 127 were obtained by mechanics, la lieved that summer pruning should he
has given us. More Irish have crossed borers and farmers.
attempted only by the professional
the seus to become part o f us than
grower who Is prepared to make a
have remained behind. It Is remark-
careful study of the subject.
WOMEN ARE EXPERTS
able that so small an Island— smaller.
Indeed, than the state o f Maine— could
OPEN-CENTERED TREES BEST
In a century and n half send us enough
people to duplicate tIt»* present popti
Possess A dvan tage of E x p o sin g Leaf
'a t Ion o f eleven o f our states having
Su rface to S u n lig h t— W e ake r
an aggregate area us large its the Uni
T han Leader Type.
ted Kingdom, France, Germany and
Austria Hungary together.
The open-centered tree, theoretical
"Austria stands next on the list of
ly at least, possesses the advantage
contributors. Italy Inis sent us enough
of exposing Its lea f surface, spur sys
of her people to duplicate the popula
tem nnd fruits more fully to sunlight
tion of Montana. Wyoming, Idaho, Ore
and o f facilitating certain orchard op
gon, Nevada. Utah, Colorado, Arizona
erations, such as pruning, spraying,
and New Mexico, while England’s and
thinning, and picking. On the other
Scotland's contribution, 3,8.89,000 in nil,
hand It Is mechanically weaker than
together with Ireland's t,5tx).(XX). gives
the lender type of tree. In that there
u total of H,381M XX), or plenty to popu
nre few er nnd larger scaffold limbs
late all the states lying west of Texas
that are more apt to split down nt
and the Dakotas, The Russians who
the crotches when heavily loaded and
have come to our shores number 3,419.-
subjugated to high winds.
IXXV
In considering the part that New
York elty has played lu aiding to ns-
stinllntc this vast tntlux, It Is pointed
out that three persons out o f every
four here were tnirn under foreign
tings or are the children o f the foreign-
There Is a time In the career o f all
horn. Commenting on how the one-
Insects and fungus diseases when
fourth o f the city's population, (hat Is.
spraying Is most effective.
of native ancestry, has Americanized
•
•
•
the three-fourths that Is foreign In
It pays to prune the orchard and
birth or parentage, the society rays:
berry patch. Do It now. Spray also
"H e who studies at first hand the
Hnd clean marketable fruit w ill result.
processes o f Amerlrnnlzatlon and citi
• • •
zen building tlnds work being done
It Is especially desirable when
which would stir the heart o f the most
Women nre becoming expert fnctory spraying up under the trees where the
unemotional observer He realizes that hands and are continuing tc hold down foliage Is thick nnd It Is necessary to
all of what Is called New York's poll Jobs fo r which only men were form er cover every portion thoroughly.
tie*, stories of graft and the like, art* ly thought to he fitted. Thla charm
• • •
hut the froth and foam which fleck the Ing hut efficient operator rune a m u lti
Don't take chances with San Jose
waves o f the city's life, while beneath fold color label press In a Portland. scale. Give your apple trees at least
runs n deep currant o f progress nnd Ore., factr ry. nnd though o nly twen one application of full strength Hme-
public spirit which takes form In care ty-four year» old, handles her b ig m i sulphur.
Make this application tie-
fully conceived and splendidly execut chine as expertly as did the m an who fore any of the buds commence to
ed health laws. In a school system that used to run the machine.
■well.
V
The memorial window to Admiral
David Glasgow Farrs gut, which will
be placed In the chape! of the United
States Naval academy at Annapolis,
The design o f the window la tinted on
(he Incident In the moraentoui battle
o f Mobile hay, when he placed Ills
trust lu "divin e guidance" nml order
ed his men to "sail over the tor
pedoes." The memorial Is being pre-
sen te! by the graduates o f the acad
emy.
rhannez
F arm e rs Enabled to Co-Operate
Purchase and Use of Sire at
Low est Expense.
o tesi
(By
In
n.
W. C LA R K . Colorado Agricultu
ral College. Fort Collins, Colo.)
The hull association Is strictly a co
operative enterprise. Five, eight, or
ten farmers In u neighborhood unite In
the purchase and use o f a bull. The
number of farmers In a community
proposition like this depends upon
the number o f cows each keeps and
proximity to each other. A local or
ganization like this Is called n "block.”
There may be other "blocks” in the
same township or county, all operat
ing under the same constitution and
by-laws. A fter a bull has been used
two years or so In one "block” he Is
exchanged for another bull in one of
the blocks.
Through this kind of an organiza
tion, the purchase price of the bull per
fanner Is low. The cost o f the keep
o f the bull Is distributed among a
larger number of people, only good
bulls are used and ln-breedlng Is
avoided.
Farmers should look Into this prop
osition. It means much to them.
LESS FARM ANIMALS IN 1919
In terestin g to Note T h a t M ulee and
M ilc h Cow a Show S lig h t Increase
In Num bers.
A alight Increase In the number o f
milch cows and mules and a moderate
decrease In the number of other cat
tle (calves, steers, bulls, and cows not
for milk), horses, sheep, and swine are
the outstanding features of a survey
o f live stock on farms and ranges of
the United States on January 1, as
compared with a year ago, made by
the bureau o f crop estimates. United
States department of agriculture.
Milch cows have Increased about
272.000 head, or 1.2 per cent; mules
Increased 41,000 head or 0.8 per cent;
“ other” cattle (as designated above)
decreased 700,000 head, or 1.6 per
cen t; horses decreased 373.000 head,
or 1.7 per cent; sheep decreased 251,-
DO AWAY WITH SCRUB STOCK 000 head, or 0.5 per cen t; and swine
decreased 1,875,000 head, or 222 per
Registered B u ll C a lf Can Be Obtained cent
The estimated number o f animals on
at Reasonable F igure— M ilk F lo w
farms and ranges January 1 are 21,-
Increased.
109.000 horses, 4,905,000 mules, 23,-
( B y O. H. H ANSEN o f the dairy hus 747.000 milch cows, 44,385,000 other
bandry division, Minnesota College of cattle, 48,815,000 sheep, and 72,909,000
A griculture.)
hogs.
The total of all animals Is
Why should anyone be satisfied with
215,760.000, which Is 2.686,000 head, or
scrub cattle? It Is true there are not
1.2 per cenL less than a year ago.
enough purebreds for all. but the heif
The total value o f all farm animals
ers from a scrub herd will be won
on January 1 was about $8,561,000,000,
derfully Improved over their dams If
which Is a shrinkage o f $266,000,000,
they are sired by a good purebred bull
or 3 per cent, compared with a year
from a productive dam. A registered
ago. It la an Interesting observation
bull calf can be had at a reasonable
that mulea and milch cows which In-
price from a dam which has made a
creditable record, nnd the offspring of
such a bull proves the wisdom of the
Investment. It Is a known fact that
In many cases the milk produced by
the heifer o f such a bull is more than
double that o f the dam.
Neither
these animals nor their offspring will
ever be purebred, but the continued
use o f a first-class registered dairy
bull o f the same breed will In a few
years result In a herd that may equal
In production many purebred herds.
NCREASING VALUE OF COWS
G a in of 58 P e r Cent in Five Y e a rs Is
Show n by R eports of Bureau of
C ro p Estim ates.
The farm cow that gives milk for
human food stands first, with a total
value o f $2,022,000,000, as compared
with other classes o f farm animals for
January 1, 1920, by the bureau of
crop estimates o f the United States
A
Good M ule C an S tan d M ore H a rd
W o r k T h a n a H orse and H e W ill
Consum e Lean Feed.
creased In numbers also Increased In
value per head; whereas all other
classes o f animals decreased In value
per head, as well ns In total numbers.
RULES FOR LIVE STOCK MEN
Satisfied P u rc h a se r Is Beat A d ve rtise
m ent and Breeder S h o u ld L ive
U p to Guarantees.
A ve rage Price of M ilk C o w s Per H ead
H a s Increased F rom $58.25 in 1915
tc $91.95 In 1919.
department of agriculture. Not even
the total value o f all other cattle Is
equal to the value o f the dairy cow.
The average price per head o f milk
cows In this country has increased
from $58.25, since January 1, 1915, to
$91.95, the r.verage fo r 1919, or a gain
o f 58 per cent In five years, accord
ing to the bureau.
PUREBRED SIRE IS VALUABLE
F irs t C ro ss on A verage H erd Increased
Incom e $32 Per C o w in Province
of Ontario.
The first cross o f a purebred hull
on the average dnlry herd Increased
the Income $32 per cow. These figures
were secured in the province of
Ontario In comparison o f 140 herds
using grade bulls nnd 31 using pure
breds. Mr. Rex E. Willard of the
farm management department o f the
North Dakota Agricultural college. In
npplylng these figures
to
North
Dnkotn, shows that If one farmer with
20 cows using grade hulls received an
income of $t,GS0, his neighbor with 20
cows but who began using purebred
hulls five years ago should receive $2,-
320, or $640 more.
WASH
If
MILK
BOTTLE
WELL
Allow ed to Stan d It Shou ld Be
F ille d W ith W a te r to Prevent
Casein F rom H ardening.
The milk bottle if not washed as
soon as emptied should he filled with
cold or lukewarm water till It Is
washed.
The albumen and casein
harden nnd stick fast when they dry
as well as when heated. So that If
hot water Is poured In the bottle or
can that has hnd milk In It the al
bumen nnd casein will harden and
stick. A fter washing with lukewarm
water use hot water, which removes
the fat. and rinse In boiling water or
steam to kill the bacteria.— Extension
Division, North Dakota Agricultural
College.
Here are ten good rules for live
stock breeders, vouched for by the ani
mal husbandry men at the New York
State
College
of
Agriculture
at
Ith aca:
Be honest.
Choose n breed, and stick to IL
Breed with the correct type In mind.
Study pedigree for Inherited char
acteristics, relative merit and value.
Keep your herd or flock free from
disease.
Develop the young animals and
maintain the breeding animals through
wise, feeding and management
Boost better live stock in your com
munity.
Advertise Judiciously.
Exhibit at the county, state and
other live stock shows.
Remember that a satisfied purchaser
Is your best advertisement
So be
prompt In registering and transferring
animals, and make good all guaran
tees.
BUSINESS OF FEEDING STOCK
Frequent S h ifts and C h an ge s R equire
One Sh ou ld Be A live to Keep
U p W ith Procession.
The business of feeding livestock Is
a shifting, changing sort o f thing
which requires that one should he alive
If he Is going to keep up with the pro
cession. If you wish to make the most
profit you must use economy In pro
duction nnd In feeding. I f you do this,
and profit to the greatest extent from
the experience of your neighbors and
from the experiment stations, your
chances of success are good.
CARING FOR PREGNANT SOWS
A n im al 8hould N ot Be Fed So Heav-
lly T h a t She le T o o F a t to T ak a
Sufficlant Exereiee.
Pregnant sows should not be fed so
heavily that they become too fat o«
refute to take sufficient exercise. The
amount fed la as Important aa the
kind o f food supplied. A mature sow
should gain aa much during the breed
ing and gestation periods aa she nor
mally lose* during the farrowing and
suckling period*. On the average thla
will be from 68 to 85 pounds.