Image provided by: Independence Public Library; Independence, OR
About The Polk County post. (Independence, Or.) 1918-19?? | View Entire Issue (Nov. 7, 1919)
Relates History of Bessemer Steel Geographic Society Gives Inter esting Chronicle ol Indus try’s Origin. CHANGED MAKING OF STEEL Two Men Working in Different Coun- tries, Without Knowledge of tach Other, Arrive at Same Conclu sion About Same Time. the flery fluid were giving a pyrotech nic performance. A thousand en gines, with safety valves hissing un der tremendous pressure, have the voice of a zephyr In comparison. First the flame that pours forth is violet, then shades Into orunge, becomes n dazzling white, burning flnully to n faint blue, which Is a sign that all the Impurities are gone. “Then the blast ceases, the carbon thnt Is necessnry to replace the needed portions burnt out Is added, the great brick and steel egg swings hack to position, the carbon Is mixed with the fervent fluid, nnd then the egg tl s over on Its side, nnd out of the top flows the liquid steel into a great .ladle. The whole operation takes about 20 minutes—a ton of steel In a minute. Bessemer steel Is used for structural material, railroad rails, wire and pipe. “In 1900 there was twice ns much steel produced In the United States by the Bessemer as by the open-hearth process. But with the rapid exhaus tion of ores having the proper amounts of phosphorus for converter practice, the open-hearth furnnee, which can use with equal success ores which con tain either a large or a small amount of phosphorus, largely replaced the Bessemer converter.” Washington.—In view of the nation wide attention directed toward the strike of steel workers, the National Geogrnphle society lias Issued a bul letin based on a communication from William Joseph Showalter, concerning the making of steel, which he terms “Industry's greatest asset.” “The story of Bessemer steel Is one of the fascinating chronicles of the Industrial world," the bulletin snys. “It seems to have been one of those cases where two men working In dif ferent countries, each without knowl edge of what the other was doing, reached the same conclusion about the same time. Both were granted Amer ican patents; but upon application for renewal, the patent held Kelly to be the Inventor. The world, uowever, gives the credit to Bessemer, and the process Is known as the Bessemer process. Made Ye Olden Cook Pots. “Kelly was a maker of old-fashioned cooking pots and kettles. It Is re lated that one day he was sitting In front of his furnace and observed a point of Incandescence where there was no charcoal—only the metal and Ringleader of Murder Band That the air. This led him to contend that Operated Under Bela Kun air nlone would burn out the Impuri ties from molten Iron. - in Hungary. “When he developed hls tilting con verter his engineer blew such u tre mendous blast through the first charge that Iron and nil went up ns spnrks, to hls discomfiture and the crowd’s amusement. He finally suc ceeded In getting the amount of air Corvln Responsible for Death of 500 regulated, and poured out of hls con Political Suspects and Active Agent verter the first Bessemer steel. Peo In Torturing of Ten Times as ple said Kelly would soon be burning Many More. Ice. Since hls old converter wns first used, billions of dollars’ worth of steel hns flowed out of the world’s convert London.—Otto Corvln, a hunchback, ers. was the ringleader of the murder and “Both Kelly and Bessemer were baf torture band that operated under Bela fled by the problem of regulntlng the Kun lu Hungary, according to Luclen supply of nlr so that it would not burn ' .Tones, writing to The Dally News, of out nil the carbon, a little of which Is I London, from Budapest. Jones says cssentlnl to steel. Furthermore, their ' of Corvln: products frequently proved to be brlt- I Had I not examined the police min tie, owing to the fact that the molten utes taken after the preliminary ex metnl absorbed oxygen from the nlr | amination of Corvln nnd hls associates blast. The first difficulty was solved ! and had I not questioned Corvln my eventually by the expedient of burn self, I should not have believed such ing out practically all the carbon, then I fiendish practices to be possible in the adding exactly the amount required | twentieth century. It appears from for the specific quality of steel de the police minutes nnd statements Cor sired. vln has made that he himself wns re “The second difficulty wns overcome sponsible for the death of five hundred through the nddillon of manganese to tnke care of the hurtful oxygen. The latter suggestion was the contribution o f Robert F. Mushct, a Scotch steel I Ten Eels Drag Angler tnnkcr. Ooranson, a Swedish Ironmas ter, had previously achieved the same To Battle in Current .results by using a pig Iron Initially rich In manganese. Thereafter un Newton, N. J .—Martin Cutler derdone and overdone steel disap announced to hls fellow work peared. men that he was "going out to get ten eels.” He got the ten More Fire Than In Dante’s Inferno. eels all right, but hls life was “To go Into a great building where endnngered In the exploit. t there Is a battery of Bessemer convert After catching the eels he at- j ers Is to see more heat than Dante tnched them to a string, one end ever pictured. A converter Is n huge of which he tied to hls rubber egg swung ‘amidships’ on trunnions. ^The grent egg of steel lined with fire | boots. He then wnded In the stream. The eels, rushed along brick hns the top off. Twenty tons of by the current, entangled hls hiolten pig are poured Into it, nnd then legs and the angler wns thrown through some 200 little holes in thebot- \ under water. Mr. Cutler, after tom pumping engines pump In n a hard struggle, managed to stream of cold nlr. As the oxygen- rench the bank. laden nlr sweeps up through the mol And then, ns he wns removing ten Iron, It touches the molten carbon hls rubber boots, the ten eels and silicon, which constitute the Im wriggled away Into the water purities, nnd carries them away. nnd were gone. “Millions of red and white sparks All the air, ns If some demon within DE FOREST’S NEW WIRELESS Dr. Lee DeForest has given the pub lic the latest word in wireless tele phony. This portable outfit may be connected with any ordinary lamp socket and. without aerials or further apparatus, a conversation mny be car ried on with any similar instrument within a radius of about 25 miles. All thnt Is necessnry Is to connect the plug with your lnmp socket nnd talk. Sound wave adjusters prevent anyone else “listening In.” MOUNT KLOET 1UST AFTER ITS GREAT ERUPT ION Photograph taken two days ufter the disastrous eruption of Mount Kloet In Juva, which occurred May 20. WHERE OUR BRAVE BOYS SLEEP IN BELLEAU WOOD Cripple Is Cause of Many Deaths INGENIOUS HORROR CHAMBER MAULED BY STRIKERS AT INDIANA HARBOR political suspects nnd wns an active agent in torturing ten times as many more. One of the favorite methods of tor ture wns to fix a gng In the mouth of the prisoner so that hlsjaw s remained wide open, while a lighted match wns held in the mouth until the victim either confessed knowledge of counter revolutionary plans or agreed to pay a large sum of money. A Dagger In the Throat. Another form of torture wns to thrust a dagger down the throat of the prisoner until he assented to their de mands. The favorite method, how ever, wns to bring a prisoner Into a room where various portions of the human body, such ns noses, eyes, lips, ears, which had been cut off previous victims, were lying on n table. He wns then given a choice of a form of dis memberment If no confession of money was forthcoming. Many died under torture rather than yield, nnd every night n cart called around for corpses, which, loosely strung together, were weighted and slung into the Danube. It Is Interesting to note thnt Corvln admits thnt ns long ns a yenr ngo plans for this terrorism were laid In Moscow, with the active help of I-enlne nnd Trotzky. Another of the lending terrorists captured Is Gahor Schon, formerly a sub-lieutenant In the Chinese corps formed by the bolshevlkl. He was brought Into the police station one morning from the country where he had been found In hiding by pensnnts. He had been terribly benten nnd dis figured. Nearly $15,000 In British nnd French notes was found on him, and a number of blank forms for the immedi ate execution of any who were politi cal suspects under the old regime. Schon was noted for his extreme avarice, nnd confesses to a number of enses In which, under hls orders, the gold-filled teeth of wealthy residents of Budapest were pulled out with pincers, nnd without an anesthetic. Accused of Murder. I have also exnndned the documents relating to one Emery Ilarnngozo, a pale-faced, evil-looking little man, for merly a shoemaker, but under the communist government chairman of the executive committee of soviets at Nagy Gerencs, a few miles from Buda pest. Ilarangozo Is accused of the murder of four Roman Catholic priests. Be fore they were shot Ilarangozo tnpped them on the shoulder and said: “Give my greetings to your White God.” Harnngozo, like Schon was found hid ing In a forest. A large crov. d Is assembled outside the police station nnd It Is with diffi culty that the bolshevlst prisoners are saved from being 'ynched. Row upon row of crosses in the American cemetery In Beileuu Wood, near Chateau Thierry, mute evidence of the gallant lives thnt were laid down so that the world might be a safe place In which to dwell. GREAT OTAY DAM IS COMPLETED Tlie great Otny dam, 22 miles from San Diego, Cal., replacing the old ■tructure destroyed by the unprecedented floods of 1916, hns been completed. The new dam Is 750 feet long, 200 feet high, 150 feet thick nt base, 15 feet thick at top, harnesses 19,000,000,000 gallons of water which irrigates the Otay valley and will supply the city of San Diego In case of emergency. DEMOLISHING FAMOUS BRIDGE IN PARIS Morris Bailey, sixteen, of Jackson. Me., got to France by smuggling him self In hls brother’s bnrrncks bag. He Is home wfth two wound stripes, four service stripes nnd a Croix de Guerre. Hls brother died nt Chateau Thierry and hls father, Sergt. Victor Bailey, wns killed In the Champagne. Morris was wounded at Chntenu Thierry and St. Mihiel. He was decorated for heroism near Toul. Newspaper With One Subscriber. It has been the inflexible custom I d the Imperlnl family of Jnpnn, says a writer In East and West News, to withhold all newspnpers and maga zines from Its members until they at tain their eighteenth year; but the rule wns waived In the case of Hl- rohlto, the present crown prince. Four months before hls Imperlnl highness entered upon hls eighteenth yenr he was allowed to begin reading a spe cially prepared Journal. This curious newspaper was edited by an official of the Imperial house hold and printed in the Imperial print ing office. It was set In special type and printed on thick, Japanese paper. The reading of it did not require a grent deal of time, for it was of small size and on a single sheet. ROME GAINS FROM U. S. MEN Cab Drivers and Guides Reap Han- vest During Visit of Gen eral Pershing. Rome, Italy.—"Itching palms" were | extended to the enlisted personnel at tached to Genernl Pershing's staff dur ing the American commander In 1 chiefs visit to Rome. Cab drivers, professional guides, beggars, novelty I vendors nnd guidebook sellers preyed on the Americans with avidity. One I soldier paid $5 to be driven from the I station to St. Peter’s, a trip ordlnnrily ! costing 40 bents, or by trolley four I cents. A guide nt the Coliseum exacted $4 for taking three privates and a ser- ________ ___________________________ __ i 8e#nt through the upper tiers, while | another guide at St. Peter’s demanded A strike breaker, who has been beaten by steel mill strikers. Is being $7 for taking two boys through the nsslsted by guards at the Mark Manufacturing company’s plant at Indiana Vatican mnseum. both of which are Harbor, Ind. I free to the public. YOUNG HERO OF THE WAR This photograph shows the demolishing of the famous de la Tournelle bridge over the Seine In I’nrls to make way for a modern structure. It was built in 1656 during the reign of Louis XIV. CONDENSATIONS A pedal operated nut cracker ena bles much speed to be made in opening nuts. On most voyages of a first -class ocean steamship abont 8.000 pieces of erpekery and glassware are broken. The telephone business of Shanghai hns Increased so rapidly that it has been Impossible to connect any new lines since LTecember, 1918. The Department of State announces I 'hat the American consulnr agency at West Hartlepool, England, hns been dosed. New Type of Airplane Liner. Upholstered armchairs on aluminum frames and a porthole beside each sent are features of the newest type of I airplane liner turned out by Vickers, Ltd. The manufacturers claim thnt It j Is the first of Its kind. The new liner can carry ten passengers in addition to two pilots. The ensilage fuselnge Is water tight nnd will float In ease of ! descent Into water. The machine Is a tractor biplane, with two Rolls-Royce Engle eight engines of 350 horsepower each; It has a cruising speed of 95 miles an hour and a gasoline capacity of 200 gallons, and can rise readily to a height of 14.000 feet.—Trade Com missioner H. G. Brock, London.