Relates History
of Bessemer Steel
Geographic Society Gives Inter
esting Chronicle ol Indus
try’s Origin.
CHANGED MAKING OF STEEL
Two Men Working in Different Coun-
tries, Without Knowledge of tach
Other, Arrive at Same Conclu
sion About Same Time.
the flery fluid were giving a pyrotech
nic performance. A thousand en
gines, with safety valves hissing un
der tremendous pressure, have the
voice of a zephyr In comparison. First
the flame that pours forth is violet,
then shades Into orunge, becomes n
dazzling white, burning flnully to n
faint blue, which Is a sign that all
the Impurities are gone.
“Then the blast ceases, the carbon
thnt Is necessnry to replace the needed
portions burnt out Is added, the great
brick and steel egg swings hack to
position, the carbon Is mixed with the
fervent fluid, nnd then the egg tl s
over on Its side, nnd out of the top
flows the liquid steel into a great
.ladle. The whole operation takes
about 20 minutes—a ton of steel In a
minute. Bessemer steel Is used for
structural material, railroad rails, wire
and pipe.
“In 1900 there was twice ns much
steel produced In the United States by
the Bessemer as by the open-hearth
process. But with the rapid exhaus
tion of ores having the proper amounts
of phosphorus for converter practice,
the open-hearth furnnee, which can
use with equal success ores which con
tain either a large or a small amount
of phosphorus, largely replaced the
Bessemer converter.”
Washington.—In view of the nation
wide attention directed toward the
strike of steel workers, the National
Geogrnphle society lias Issued a bul
letin based on a communication from
William Joseph Showalter, concerning
the making of steel, which he terms
“Industry's greatest asset.”
“The story of Bessemer steel Is one
of the fascinating chronicles of the
Industrial world," the bulletin snys.
“It seems to have been one of those
cases where two men working In dif
ferent countries, each without knowl
edge of what the other was doing,
reached the same conclusion about the
same time. Both were granted Amer
ican patents; but upon application for
renewal, the patent held Kelly to be
the Inventor. The world, uowever,
gives the credit to Bessemer, and the
process Is known as the Bessemer
process.
Made Ye Olden Cook Pots.
“Kelly was a maker of old-fashioned
cooking pots and kettles. It Is re
lated that one day he was sitting In
front of his furnace and observed a
point of Incandescence where there
was no charcoal—only the metal and Ringleader of Murder Band That
the air. This led him to contend that
Operated Under Bela Kun
air nlone would burn out the Impuri
ties from molten Iron.
- in Hungary.
“When he developed hls tilting con
verter his engineer blew such u tre
mendous blast through the first
charge that Iron and nil went up ns
spnrks, to hls discomfiture and the
crowd’s amusement. He finally suc
ceeded In getting the amount of air Corvln Responsible for Death of 500
regulated, and poured out of hls con
Political Suspects and Active Agent
verter the first Bessemer steel. Peo
In Torturing of Ten Times as
ple said Kelly would soon be burning
Many More.
Ice. Since hls old converter wns first
used, billions of dollars’ worth of steel
hns flowed out of the world’s convert
London.—Otto Corvln, a hunchback,
ers.
was the ringleader of the murder and
“Both Kelly and Bessemer were baf torture band that operated under Bela
fled by the problem of regulntlng the Kun lu Hungary, according to Luclen
supply of nlr so that it would not burn ' .Tones, writing to The Dally News, of
out nil the carbon, a little of which Is I London, from Budapest. Jones says
cssentlnl to steel. Furthermore, their ' of Corvln:
products frequently proved to be brlt- I Had I not examined the police min
tie, owing to the fact that the molten utes taken after the preliminary ex
metnl absorbed oxygen from the nlr | amination of Corvln nnd hls associates
blast. The first difficulty was solved ! and had I not questioned Corvln my
eventually by the expedient of burn self, I should not have believed such
ing out practically all the carbon, then I
fiendish practices to be possible in the
adding exactly the amount required |
twentieth century. It appears from
for the specific quality of steel de
the police minutes nnd statements Cor
sired.
vln has made that he himself wns re
“The second difficulty wns overcome
sponsible for the death of five hundred
through the nddillon of manganese to
tnke care of the hurtful oxygen. The
latter suggestion was the contribution
o f Robert F. Mushct, a Scotch steel I
Ten Eels Drag Angler
tnnkcr. Ooranson, a Swedish Ironmas
ter, had previously achieved the same
To Battle in Current
.results by using a pig Iron Initially
rich In manganese.
Thereafter un
Newton, N. J .—Martin Cutler
derdone and overdone steel disap
announced to hls fellow work
peared.
men that he was "going out to
get ten eels.” He got the ten
More Fire Than In Dante’s Inferno.
eels all right, but hls life was
“To go Into a great building where
endnngered In the exploit.
t
there Is a battery of Bessemer convert
After catching the eels he at- j
ers Is to see more heat than Dante
tnched them to a string, one end
ever pictured. A converter Is n huge
of which he tied to hls rubber
egg swung ‘amidships’ on trunnions.
^The grent egg of steel lined with fire | boots. He then wnded In the
stream. The eels, rushed along
brick hns the top off. Twenty tons of
by the current, entangled hls
hiolten pig are poured Into it, nnd then
legs and the angler wns thrown
through some 200 little holes in thebot- \
under water. Mr. Cutler, after
tom pumping engines pump In n
a hard struggle, managed to
stream of cold nlr. As the oxygen-
rench the bank.
laden nlr sweeps up through the mol
And then, ns he wns removing
ten Iron, It touches the molten carbon
hls rubber boots, the ten eels
and silicon, which constitute the Im
wriggled away Into the water
purities, nnd carries them away.
nnd were gone.
“Millions of red and white sparks
All the air, ns If some demon within
DE FOREST’S NEW WIRELESS
Dr. Lee DeForest has given the pub
lic the latest word in wireless tele
phony. This portable outfit may be
connected with any ordinary lamp
socket and. without aerials or further
apparatus, a conversation mny be car
ried on with any similar instrument
within a radius of about 25 miles. All
thnt Is necessnry Is to connect the plug
with your lnmp socket nnd talk. Sound
wave adjusters prevent anyone else
“listening In.”
MOUNT KLOET 1UST AFTER ITS GREAT ERUPT ION
Photograph taken two days ufter the disastrous eruption of Mount Kloet In Juva, which occurred May 20.
WHERE OUR BRAVE BOYS SLEEP IN BELLEAU WOOD
Cripple Is Cause
of Many Deaths
INGENIOUS HORROR CHAMBER
MAULED BY STRIKERS AT INDIANA HARBOR
political suspects nnd wns an active
agent in torturing ten times as many
more.
One of the favorite methods of tor
ture wns to fix a gng In the mouth of
the prisoner so that hlsjaw s remained
wide open, while a lighted match wns
held in the mouth until the victim
either confessed knowledge of counter
revolutionary plans or agreed to pay
a large sum of money.
A Dagger In the Throat.
Another form of torture wns to
thrust a dagger down the throat of the
prisoner until he assented to their de
mands. The favorite method, how
ever, wns to bring a prisoner Into a
room where various portions of the
human body, such ns noses, eyes, lips,
ears, which had been cut off previous
victims, were lying on n table. He wns
then given a choice of a form of dis
memberment If no confession of money
was forthcoming.
Many died under torture rather than
yield, nnd every night n cart called
around for corpses, which, loosely
strung together, were weighted and
slung into the Danube.
It Is Interesting to note thnt Corvln
admits thnt ns long ns a yenr ngo
plans for this terrorism were laid In
Moscow, with the active help of I-enlne
nnd Trotzky.
Another of the lending terrorists
captured Is Gahor Schon, formerly a
sub-lieutenant In the Chinese corps
formed by the bolshevlkl. He was
brought Into the police station one
morning from the country where he
had been found In hiding by pensnnts.
He had been terribly benten nnd dis
figured. Nearly $15,000 In British nnd
French notes was found on him, and a
number of blank forms for the immedi
ate execution of any who were politi
cal suspects under the old regime.
Schon was noted for his extreme
avarice, nnd confesses to a number of
enses In which, under hls orders, the
gold-filled teeth of wealthy residents of
Budapest were pulled out with pincers,
nnd without an anesthetic.
Accused of Murder.
I have also exnndned the documents
relating to one Emery Ilarnngozo, a
pale-faced, evil-looking little man, for
merly a shoemaker, but under the
communist government chairman of
the executive committee of soviets at
Nagy Gerencs, a few miles from Buda
pest.
Ilarangozo Is accused of the murder
of four Roman Catholic priests. Be
fore they were shot Ilarangozo tnpped
them on the shoulder and said: “Give
my greetings to your White God.”
Harnngozo, like Schon was found hid
ing In a forest.
A large crov. d Is assembled outside
the police station nnd It Is with diffi
culty that the bolshevlst prisoners are
saved from being 'ynched.
Row upon row of crosses in the American cemetery In Beileuu Wood, near Chateau Thierry, mute evidence of the
gallant lives thnt were laid down so that the world might be a safe place In which to dwell.
GREAT OTAY DAM IS COMPLETED
Tlie great Otny dam, 22 miles from San Diego, Cal., replacing the old
■tructure destroyed by the unprecedented floods of 1916, hns been completed.
The new dam Is 750 feet long, 200 feet high, 150 feet thick nt base, 15 feet
thick at top, harnesses 19,000,000,000 gallons of water which irrigates the
Otay valley and will supply the city of San Diego In case of emergency.
DEMOLISHING FAMOUS BRIDGE IN PARIS
Morris Bailey, sixteen, of Jackson.
Me., got to France by smuggling him
self In hls brother’s bnrrncks bag. He
Is home wfth two wound stripes, four
service stripes nnd a Croix de Guerre.
Hls brother died nt Chateau Thierry
and hls father, Sergt. Victor Bailey,
wns killed In the Champagne. Morris
was wounded at Chntenu Thierry and
St. Mihiel. He was decorated for
heroism near Toul.
Newspaper With One Subscriber.
It has been the inflexible custom I d
the Imperlnl family of Jnpnn, says a
writer In East and West News, to
withhold all newspnpers and maga
zines from Its members until they at
tain their eighteenth year; but the
rule wns waived In the case of Hl-
rohlto, the present crown prince. Four
months before hls Imperlnl highness
entered upon hls eighteenth yenr he
was allowed to begin reading a spe
cially prepared Journal.
This curious newspaper was edited
by an official of the Imperial house
hold and printed in the Imperial print
ing office. It was set In special type
and printed on thick, Japanese paper.
The reading of it did not require a
grent deal of time, for it was of small
size and on a single sheet.
ROME GAINS FROM U. S. MEN
Cab Drivers and Guides Reap Han-
vest During Visit of Gen
eral Pershing.
Rome, Italy.—"Itching palms" were
| extended to the enlisted personnel at
tached to Genernl Pershing's staff dur
ing the American commander In
1 chiefs visit to Rome. Cab drivers,
professional guides, beggars, novelty
I vendors nnd guidebook sellers preyed
on the Americans with avidity. One I
soldier paid $5 to be driven from the
I station to St. Peter’s, a trip ordlnnrily
! costing 40 bents, or by trolley four
I cents.
A guide nt the Coliseum exacted $4
for taking three privates and a ser-
________
___________________________ __
i 8e#nt through the upper tiers, while
| another guide at St. Peter’s demanded
A strike breaker, who has been beaten by steel mill strikers. Is being $7 for taking two boys through the
nsslsted by guards at the Mark Manufacturing company’s plant at Indiana Vatican mnseum. both of which are
Harbor, Ind.
I free to the public.
YOUNG HERO OF THE WAR
This photograph shows the demolishing of the famous de la Tournelle
bridge over the Seine In I’nrls to make way for a modern structure. It was
built in 1656 during the reign of Louis XIV.
CONDENSATIONS
A pedal operated nut cracker ena
bles much speed to be made in opening
nuts.
On most voyages of a first -class
ocean steamship abont 8.000 pieces of
erpekery and glassware are broken.
The telephone business of Shanghai
hns Increased so rapidly that it has
been Impossible to connect any new
lines since LTecember, 1918.
The Department of State announces
I 'hat the American consulnr agency at
West Hartlepool, England, hns been
dosed.
New Type of Airplane Liner.
Upholstered armchairs on aluminum
frames and a porthole beside each
sent are features of the newest type of
I airplane liner turned out by Vickers,
Ltd. The manufacturers claim thnt It
j Is the first of Its kind. The new liner
can carry ten passengers in addition
to two pilots. The ensilage fuselnge
Is water tight nnd will float In ease of
! descent Into water. The machine Is
a tractor biplane, with two Rolls-Royce
Engle eight engines of 350 horsepower
each; It has a cruising speed of 95
miles an hour and a gasoline capacity
of 200 gallons, and can rise readily
to a height of 14.000 feet.—Trade Com
missioner H. G. Brock, London.