Image provided by: Independence Public Library; Independence, OR
About The Polk County post. (Independence, Or.) 1918-19?? | View Entire Issue (Aug. 15, 1919)
SOON THIS MUST BE MADE A HARMLESS ISLAND 'ROAD * MAKING SUCCESS IN HOMECANDEN BUILDING BENEFITS OF COUNTRY ROADS Am ong O th e r T h in g s T h e y Cheapen Cost o f Tra n sp orta tion of Farm P roducts to Market. Tills Is the first photograph of Helgoland, the great naval base of the Germans in the North sea, mudc since the war closed. According to the treaty German must demolish the island's fortifications. Plan to Salvage Sunken Cargoes American Ingenuity Makes Prac ticable Reclamation of In valuable Supplies. WILL BE GREAT INDUSTRY O n e o f Greatest Goal Fields In W o rld L ies O ff A tla n tic Coast— T o Be B rought Up by Subm a rine Salvaging. English Court Fixes “Barefoot Kick” Rate Hooper held thé record for immersion when he went down 180 feet in 1884 to reclaim the gold which sank in the Alphonso X I I off the Canary islands. Hooper tanile 13 different trips to the wreck In as many months. So arduous and fatiguing was the descent that he was able to remain only 15 minutes each time before he signaled for the return journey. It took him four hours to make the descent, be cause ô f the necessity o f accustoming his body by degrees to the Increased pressure. The last time he went down he became paralyzed and was obliged to come up leaving $150,000 in gold behind him— which still awnits a find er. In all he brought up $350,000. Today the salvaging submarine goes down at the rate of a foot a second, and the diver can remain a month in it if he desires, working an eight-hour day or however long his day may be. The materials salvnged are pumped to the surface by menns o f a 15-lnch pipe, which will bring up 300 tons o f coal or scrap iron in an hour, nnd place It on the deck o f a cargo carrying steamer nearby. An entire cargo is thus salvaged in a few hours, and the work of locating and salvaging another wreck immediately undertaken. In the mnttor o f economy of time and money, the saving o f the strength of the divers and in locating with dexterity the whereabouts o f sunken cargoes, the salvaging submarine com pares with the old-time method of picking up materials from the ocean's bed ns does a high power motorcar with a one-horse shay. Boston.— One o f the grentest coni fields in the world lies off the Atlan tic coast from Norfolk, Ya., to Bos ton. It is made up of cargoes of sunken ships which lie on the floor o f the ocean, and soon will be brought to the surface by menns of a groat after-wair industry, known as the sub marine salvaging >of sunken cargoes, which will bo the means of reclaim ing millions of tons o f coal, scrap iron and other raw products long since abandoned as lost. The United Stntes is taking the lend o f all nations in fostering this great industry which grew out of the war, when tlie efficiency o f the submarine as a monster of frightfulness was demonstrated. Peace will allow the submarine to come into its own as a great reclamation ngency. In Long Island sound there lie a million tons of coal, of which, it is es timated by salvaging experts, at least 25 per cent is reclaimable at a cost of about 25 cents per ton. Reclaimed coal sells at the market price of $10 or ?J2 a ton. By means of the salvaging subma rine it Is possible to cover 20 square miles of ocean bottom n day In search ing for sunken hulks. Once a wreck is locnted it will be a simple matter, now that the salvaging submarine is as perfect ns the torpedoing subma rine, to reclaim 300 tons an hour, and to locate half a dozen ships in us many hours. Coal A ll A long Coast. Along tlie sound from Bridgeport to Norfolk, Conn., 40,000 tons of coal were sunk last year alone. Similar coal wealth awnits a finder all along the const, for, according to marine rulings, "findings Is keepings," and the flnjicr o f the sunkeu cargo 13 the owner. The reclaiming o f wenlth given up for lost when the boat which carried Shortage of M any Essential M aterials it sank is to be one o f the most fer and Com m odities in W o rld at tile fields o f production o f the recon Large— Foreign R ecovery M ay struction period. The perfection of Be Rapid. the salvaging submarine makes pos sible and practical an enterprise that Washington.— In warning that still was beyond the scope o f the most dar ing and doughty divers who sought to higher prices and a greater shortage of supply may be expected In the United find sunken cargoes. This is illustrated by a comparison States if foreign purchases be per o f the work of the old-time divers | mitted to continue on the basis o f the with the mechnnicul work of the sal last few years, the federal reserve vaging submarine. A diver named board in lls July bulletin declnr.es that the war period in exportation has come to nn end and that it is the duty o f the investing public to finance ship ments needed by Europe. Shortage In W o rld . “ There Is a shortage of many essen tial materials and commodities In the Three-fourths o f the American world at large," the board says, “In dead in France will find their creased credit demand for goods fo r final resting place in American export necessarily Implies relatively soil. Answering an Inquiry from decreased supply of goods for domestic Senator Chamberlin as to the use. Demand and supplj* are auto wishes o f relatives. General matically equalized by changes In Marsh, chief o f staff, said It was price, but such changes are In the estimated that replies from rela circumstances here under considera tives thus far received showed tion necessarily upward. I f a large not more than 25 per cent who export financing process Is conducted expressed a preference that the by banks out o f credit the result is to soldier’s body remain permanent place the fluid credit o f the country at ly In France. the disposal o f foreigners In purchas W ith more than 4.000,000 sol ing and settling for domestic products dier dead o f allied nnd enemy which they obtain from American pro countries buried In French soli. ducers.” General March said, that nation Such an addition to credits not based was desirous of proceeding slow on genuine savings, the board polnta ly with the task o f exhuming ou t would mean Inflation, Implying an those that are to go to their Increased tendency toward the bidding home lands. No date has yet up o f prices. In order to avwl‘1 the re been set for beginning the re currence of such a menace the board turn of American dead. recommends that the basis for exports should be found In the Investment mar London.— The legal rate for kicking a gardener In “ the place ordained by nature” has been es tablished by an English court at 2 shillings nnd 0 pence, which Is the amount Commander Forsyth Forest was assessed on the charge of assault brought by his gardener. The evidence showed Forest was in pajamas and Larefooted at the time o f the assault. Question: IIow much would the dumage have been had the assailant’s foot been shod? Coal is decidedly improved by a repose o f many years under sea, for marine salts enter its porous exterior and increase its power o f combustion fo r both domestic and industrial uses. P ig iron has been salvaged after a stay of 100 years, in the farthest depths. Rails are brought up In good condition also. Copper bars, brass and all sorts o f machinery are recov ered in good condition, for although every metal has a different life, the sediment in the water forms a coating over the materials nnd preserves them. I f copper and steel are near each other in a cargo, the copper w 'll eat the steel nnd destroy it, so strong is the electrolytic action. The scrap Iron reclaimed In this way is sorted out, some going to roll ing mills, others to brass foundries and all filling the world’s constantly Increasing demand fo r iron. In the English channel reposes a vast quan tity o f Iron nnd steel, owing to the many ships which were sunk during the war. Prices May Rise Declares Board Federal Reserve Bulletin Says Also Greater Shortage May Take Place. INVESTING PUBLIC MUST AID American Soldier Dead Will Be Buried in U. S. Good roads promote self-respect In a community. They make possible social intercourse. They bring the benefits of churches and schools with in tlie reach o f all. They help to keep the boys on the farm. They cheapen the cost o f transportation o f furm products to the markets and thus add to the farm profits. They add to the value o f farm lands much more than they cost. They mark the degree of civilization o f the rural community. This, in short, is the value o f good roads as seen by the extension service o f the University of Missouri College o f Agriculture. The building o f good roads Is o f the greatest Importance to a community. What kind o f a road should be built? O f what should it be constructed? ket, that Is In the savings o f the people and not at the banks. “ The amount o f export trade securi ties to he held by hanks must necessar ily he limited to a minimum figure,” the board asserts. Requirements o f export financing probably have been overestimated, the board says, hnd adds that some part o f the export demand would disappear probably when actual commercial se curity would be required for protec tion of shipment^. R ecovery M ay Be R apid. “ It Is quite probable,” the hoard re marks, "that, as European countries succeed In re-establishing themselves, their recovery toward a self-supporting basts will be much more rapid than has been expected. 'F ar more time Is required for the expenditure o f great sums In the purehnse o f goods than Is generally comprehended. Expenditures to be made fo r peace purposes oi for reconstruction will require care nnd patience If they nre to yield returns under competitive business conditions. They cannot be overhastlly made, and this will In Itself ease the urgency of the pressure for export financing. When all these elements have been eliminated there will rpmaln a very great residue o f urgent Industrial re quirements abroad, nnd these It Is eco nomically and otherwise sound and de sirable to finance as promptly and ef fectively as possible that foreign de mands for our goods may be main tained, our markets conserved and our general position in world trade pro tected." Leave O n ly H i t Glasses. St. Louis, Mo.— Wearing only a pair o f spectacles when he was arrested early one morning here. Charles Mnr- ttndale, forty-nine, o f Benton Harbor, Mich., told the police he had been robbed o f a full outfit o f clothing, a suitcase, $70 and a watch. He said he took three drlnka with twq strang ers and could remember nothing after that. Martlndale was ilv e q lodging In the holdover here and provided with new clothing. G ood Roads L ik e T h is B ring F a rm e r N ea re r to C ity Markets. W hat are the things to be considered In locating the road? What “ grade” should be maintained? IIow should the road be drained? What are the laws governing highway construction? There are a few questions answered in extension circular 08 dealing with country roads. Matters o f prime consideration In locating a road are: Easy grades, good drainage, exposure to sunshine, elimination o f culverts and bridges by avoiding unnecessary creek crossings, directness and the number o f farms to be served fo r a given length o f road. Whenever possible to avoid It, a good location should not be rejected merely beenusb n certain roadway has been In use for some time. I f the location of a used road Is bad It should be changed If possible. In relocating roads avoid railroad crossings at grades. The grade o f the road Is Important fo r on this depends the weight o f the load which can be hauled economically. By grade is meant the rise or fall In feet for each 100 feet In horizontal length o f road, usually expressed In percentage. A 5 per cent grade means that the road rises or falls 5 feet each 100 feet along Its center line. It has been calculated that on a smooth coun try road the loan that one horse could pull on n level would require two on a 5 per cent grade, three on a 10 per cent grade and four on a 15 per cent grade. Engineers usually figure a 0 per cent grade as a maximum. Rond work In Missouri has not been ns well managed as other public work. Projects have been too narrowly lim ited to localities, resulting in frag mentary effort. Skilled locating and supervision o f construction hnve been generally lacking. The remedies nre: First, a wider co-operation and the ndoptlon o f broad schemes o f Improve ment, preferably with units no smaller than counties. Second, the nbsolute elimination o f political considerations in the spending o f money. Third, se curing good engineering advice In the preparation o f plans and requiring careful engineering supervision o f con struction. ENGLAND SPENDS 50 MILLION Grant* to T h a t A m ou n t W ill Be D is trib u te d fo r R econstruction o f R oads and Bridges. Grants amounting to $50,000,000 will be distributed by the British road board fo r the reconstruction o f roads and bridges In England In 1019. De mobilized army units will be used to do the labor. Local highway authori ties will be required to match this appropriation by at least ns large a program o f road work as they carried out In the year before the war. Area taken Into consideration, England’s program Is thus far In excess o f that o f the United States, Including both federal aid and state funds. POOR ROADS ARE EXPENSIVE Congressional R eport Placee A n n u a l L o ts at $504,000,000 fo r T ra n s portation A lone. The congressional report o f 1914 placed the economic loss o f the United States through poor roads at an an nual figure o f $504,000,<100 fo r trans portation costs alone, The heavy Increase In tonnage since that time probably makes the loss today close to $1,000.000.000. Much Depends Upon Interest of INCREASE IN DAIRY PROFITS Gardener Being Maintained Throughout Season. D a iry B ull Associations H a ve Done Good Work and Show Big In crease in Incomes. . WAGE FIGHT AGAINST PESTS Man Must Make C ontinuous Fight F rom Start, N e v e r S h irk in g D u ty and Keeping E v e rla s tin g ly o r Jo b — Ea sy to K ill W eeds. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) The ultimate success-of a home gar den depends largely upon the Inter est of the gardener being maintained throughout the season. Many persons have gotten the Idea that when the garden Is planted and cultivated two or three times their work has ended, and as a result the garden soon goes to weeds or is destroyed by Insects uud diseases. The successful gardener, de clare the specialists o f the United States Department o f Agriculture, Is the one who wages a continuous fight against the enemies o f the garden from the very start, never shirking Ids duty und being everlustlngly on the Job. A crop o f weeds can be destroyed In a few moments by menns of a steel rake or a hoe, If It Is used when the weeds nre Just coming through the ground. I f allowed to remain, the weeds become firmly rooted and a thorough renovation of the gurdeu Is necessary to rid It o f them. Seem Innocent, b ut T h e y ’ re Not. A few old-fashioned hardshell potato bugs may not appear to do any great harm, but the crop of soft-shelled bee tles they produce will ent the leaves from the potato vines almost before you know they are present. A few spores o f some mildew or other dis ease may not do any great amount of damage, but If the weather Is fuvor- uble for the spread o f the disease, It will soon cause the loss of the entire crop. The old adage o f “ A stitch In time saves nine” applies with double force to the care of the garden. Keep up Interest In the garden and make suc cessive plantings o f various crops, so that n continuous supply of vegetables may be provided for the table. There Is nothing gained by hnvlng the land lie Idle, and It Is easier to keep it clean If there is a paying crop upon It. “ Seedy" Gardens Show Neglect. Too often gardens with n "seedy” nppearunce are seen in the middle of tlie summer. The brush on which the pens were grown or the wire trellis on which they were trained is left with the remains o f the crop upon it, nnd generul unsightliness rules the entire plot. It is a little more trouble to keep tilings neat und attractive, but it pnys In the long run; nnd If you ns n gar dener want to maintain a reputation (Prepared by the United States Depart ment o f Agriculture.) Scrub dairy bulls nre doomed. The hull association sounds their death knell, but It replaces them with bulls o f better breeding. In June, 1916, there were 44 dairy bull associations and several huve been organized since then. They are doing excellent work. Without exception they show an In creased Income without an Increased cost. The New Windsor (Maryland) Bull association has furnished production records o f dams and daughters for three successive years. Each year the daughters have produced more milk and butter fat thun their dams, which A Good H olstein Bull. demonstrates that the bulls were well selected. O f the 21 daughters o f as sociation bulls for which the 1918 rec ords nre available, 1(1 excelled their dams in butter-fat production, nnd 15 excelled their dams In production of both milk nnd butter fat. The average yearly production o f the dnms wns 5,560 pounds o f milk and 219 pounds o f butter fat. The average, yearly production of the 21 daughters was 0,523 pounds o f milk and 203 pounds of butter fat. In milk production the daughters excelled their dnms by 903 pounds or 17.per cent, nnd In butter-fat production by 44 pounds, or 20,per cent. These nre not ns lnrge gains as some other hull associations hnve glveh, but are well worth while. Because o f eo-oporhtlve ownership the bulls cost the ljjrmers no more than would hnve been paid for scrubs; It costs no more to feed the daugh ters than to feed the dams, afid it costs much less to feed the bulls be cause there were not so many o f them. The Increased production, therefore, was nil net profit. GROWS GARDEN TO BUY CALF W ashington B oy Raises P rize -W in n in g Vegetables and B uys Je rse y H e ife r W ith Money. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) A lfred Olson o f Klickitat county. Wash., Is a member o f one o f the calf clubs organized by the United States department o f agriculture and the state college o f Washington. With his pure bred Jersey heifer calf. Area’s Babe, he won the state championship prize Inst year: In 1917 A lfred became In terested In the calf club work, but a purebred calf costs money, and ho did not hnve funds to buy that requisite fo r membership. T o enroll In a gar den club as the first step toward en tering the cnlf club may seem unusual, but thnt wns what the Klickitat County boy did, and he reached the desired goal. The weeds In his club garden kept him busy nil summer, but he gnve It such faithful care that his vege tables were prize winners. H e exhibit ed a collection o f them at the statq Keep the Garden G row ing T h ro u g h fair nnd took $00 worth o f prizes. the Sum m er. Meanwhile He hnd been writing to fo r a good garden, the necessary atten Jersey breeders for prices and descrip tion will have to be given to Its neat tions o f calves. He decided on Jer seys because thnt wns the breed his ness and general appearance. In sections where the weather be father hnd. W ith $40 o f his garden comes extremely hot in summer nud prize money he bought a month-old It Is not possible to kpep garden crops Jersey heifer calf In October. Ho kept growing, the land should be cleaned, her In the barn all winter, but In the replowed and kept stirred from time to spring she was turned out on the time until conditions are suitable for range. When brought In In September the planting o f fall vegetables. Under to be made ready fo r exhibition pur ordinary conditions It Is best to have poses she was larger nt eleven months some crop growing on the soil, and If than his father’s grade calves o f fif At the atate fa ir AN the period between the early spring teen months. vegetables nnd the fall vegetables is fred’s Jersey wns awarded the state sufficient, a crop o f cowpens should championship prize In the boys’ and be grown upon the gnrden lund. This girls’ club class and was valued at . will shade the soil nnd prevent the $150. sun burning the orgnnlc matter out of It, and at the same time will actually add fertility to the soil. SMALL-TOP MILK PAIL BEST KEEPING HARNESS IN REPAIR T o o ls and Facilities A re C o m p a ra tive ly Inexpensive and 8im ple— Special Devices Needed. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment o f Agriculture.) The tools nnd facilities required for keeping harness In repair arc compara tively simple nnd Inexpensive*. A con siderable portion o f the repair work on harness ran be performed by the aid o f tools required for other purposes, but there nre a few special devices that arc dcslrafcl*. P reve nts E ntrance o f D u st o r D irt and G re a tly Reduces N u m b e r o f Bacteria In M ilk. In modem dairies where elenft milk Is produced the small-top milk pall Is a necessity, as It presents only n small opening Into which dust and dirt may fall from the air or from the cow’s ho«l£ It has been found by experience that the use o f a pall of this kind greatly reduces the number o f bacteria In milk from dairies where It Is used. Many types o f milk palls are fo r sale, but any tinner by the ad dition o f a hood can convert nn ordi nary pall Into a smnll-top pall.