SOON THIS MUST BE MADE A HARMLESS ISLAND
'ROAD * MAKING SUCCESS
IN
HOMECANDEN
BUILDING
BENEFITS OF COUNTRY ROADS
Am ong O th e r T h in g s T h e y Cheapen
Cost o f Tra n sp orta tion of Farm
P roducts to Market.
Tills Is the first photograph of Helgoland, the great naval base of the Germans in the North sea, mudc since the
war closed. According to the treaty German must demolish the island's fortifications.
Plan to Salvage
Sunken Cargoes
American Ingenuity Makes Prac
ticable Reclamation of In
valuable Supplies.
WILL BE GREAT INDUSTRY
O n e o f Greatest Goal Fields In W o rld
L ies O ff A tla n tic Coast— T o Be
B rought Up by Subm a
rine Salvaging.
English Court Fixes
“Barefoot Kick” Rate
Hooper held thé record for immersion
when he went down 180 feet in 1884
to reclaim the gold which sank in the
Alphonso X I I off the Canary islands.
Hooper tanile 13 different trips to
the wreck In as many months.
So
arduous and fatiguing was the descent
that he was able to remain only 15
minutes each time before he signaled
for the return journey. It took him
four hours to make the descent, be
cause ô f the necessity o f accustoming
his body by degrees to the Increased
pressure. The last time he went down
he became paralyzed and was obliged
to come up leaving $150,000 in gold
behind him— which still awnits a find
er. In all he brought up $350,000.
Today the salvaging submarine
goes down at the rate of a foot a
second, and the diver can remain a
month in it if he desires, working an
eight-hour day or however long his
day may be. The materials salvnged
are pumped to the surface by menns
o f a 15-lnch pipe, which will bring up
300 tons o f coal or scrap iron in an
hour, nnd place It on the deck o f a
cargo carrying steamer nearby. An
entire cargo is thus salvaged in a few
hours, and the work of locating and
salvaging another wreck immediately
undertaken.
In the mnttor o f economy of time
and money, the saving o f the strength
of the divers and in locating with
dexterity the whereabouts o f sunken
cargoes, the salvaging submarine com
pares with the old-time method of
picking up materials from the ocean's
bed ns does a high power motorcar
with a one-horse shay.
Boston.— One o f the grentest coni
fields in the world lies off the Atlan
tic coast from Norfolk, Ya., to Bos
ton. It is made up of cargoes of
sunken ships which lie on the floor
o f the ocean, and soon will be brought
to the surface by menns of a groat
after-wair industry, known as the sub
marine salvaging >of sunken cargoes,
which will bo the means of reclaim
ing millions of tons o f coal, scrap iron
and other raw products long since
abandoned as lost.
The United Stntes is taking the lend
o f all nations in fostering this great
industry which grew out of the war,
when tlie efficiency o f the submarine
as a monster of frightfulness was
demonstrated. Peace will allow the
submarine to come into its own as a
great reclamation ngency.
In Long Island sound there lie a
million tons of coal, of which, it is es
timated by salvaging experts, at least
25 per cent is reclaimable at a cost of
about 25 cents per ton. Reclaimed
coal sells at the market price of $10
or ?J2 a ton.
By means of the salvaging subma
rine it Is possible to cover 20 square
miles of ocean bottom n day In search
ing for sunken hulks. Once a wreck
is locnted it will be a simple matter,
now that the salvaging submarine is
as perfect ns the torpedoing subma
rine, to reclaim 300 tons an hour, and
to locate half a dozen ships in us
many hours.
Coal A ll A long Coast.
Along tlie sound from Bridgeport to
Norfolk, Conn., 40,000 tons of coal
were sunk last year alone. Similar
coal wealth awnits a finder all along
the const, for, according to marine
rulings, "findings Is keepings," and the
flnjicr o f the sunkeu cargo 13 the
owner.
The reclaiming o f wenlth given up
for lost when the boat which carried Shortage of M any Essential M aterials
it sank is to be one o f the most fer
and Com m odities in W o rld at
tile fields o f production o f the recon
Large— Foreign R ecovery M ay
struction period. The perfection of
Be Rapid.
the salvaging submarine makes pos
sible and practical an enterprise that
Washington.— In warning that still
was beyond the scope o f the most dar
ing and doughty divers who sought to higher prices and a greater shortage of
supply may be expected In the United
find sunken cargoes.
This is illustrated by a comparison States if foreign purchases be per
o f the work of the old-time divers | mitted to continue on the basis o f the
with the mechnnicul work of the sal last few years, the federal reserve
vaging submarine.
A diver named board in lls July bulletin declnr.es that
the war period in exportation has
come to nn end and that it is the duty
o f the investing public to finance ship
ments needed by Europe.
Shortage In W o rld .
“ There Is a shortage of many essen
tial materials and commodities In the
Three-fourths o f the American
world at large," the board says, “In
dead in France will find their
creased credit demand for goods fo r
final resting place in American
export necessarily Implies relatively
soil. Answering an Inquiry from
decreased supply of goods for domestic
Senator Chamberlin as to the
use. Demand and supplj* are auto
wishes o f relatives. General
matically equalized by changes In
Marsh, chief o f staff, said It was
price, but such changes are In the
estimated that replies from rela
circumstances here under considera
tives thus far received showed
tion necessarily upward. I f a large
not more than 25 per cent who
export financing process Is conducted
expressed a preference that the
by banks out o f credit the result is to
soldier’s body remain permanent
place the fluid credit o f the country at
ly In France.
the disposal o f foreigners In purchas
W ith more than 4.000,000 sol
ing and settling for domestic products
dier dead o f allied nnd enemy
which they obtain from American pro
countries buried In French soli.
ducers.”
General March said, that nation
Such an addition to credits not based
was desirous of proceeding slow
on genuine savings, the board polnta
ly with the task o f exhuming
ou t would mean Inflation, Implying an
those that are to go to their
Increased tendency toward the bidding
home lands. No date has yet
up o f prices. In order to avwl‘1 the re
been set for beginning the re
currence of such a menace the board
turn of American dead.
recommends that the basis for exports
should be found In the Investment mar
London.— The legal rate for
kicking a gardener In “ the place
ordained by nature” has been es
tablished by an English court at
2 shillings nnd 0 pence, which Is
the amount Commander Forsyth
Forest was assessed on the
charge of assault brought by his
gardener.
The evidence showed Forest
was in pajamas and Larefooted
at the time o f the assault.
Question: IIow much would
the dumage have been had the
assailant’s foot been shod?
Coal is decidedly improved by a
repose o f many years under sea, for
marine salts enter its porous exterior
and increase its power o f combustion
fo r both domestic and industrial
uses.
P ig iron has been salvaged after a
stay of 100 years, in the farthest
depths. Rails are brought up In good
condition also.
Copper bars, brass
and all sorts o f machinery are recov
ered in good condition, for although
every metal has a different life, the
sediment in the water forms a coating
over the materials nnd preserves
them. I f copper and steel are near
each other in a cargo, the copper w 'll
eat the steel nnd destroy it, so strong
is the electrolytic action.
The scrap Iron reclaimed In this
way is sorted out, some going to roll
ing mills, others to brass foundries
and all filling the world’s constantly
Increasing demand fo r iron. In the
English channel reposes a vast quan
tity o f Iron nnd steel, owing to the
many ships which were sunk during
the war.
Prices May Rise
Declares Board
Federal Reserve Bulletin Says
Also Greater Shortage May
Take Place.
INVESTING PUBLIC MUST AID
American Soldier Dead
Will Be Buried in U. S.
Good roads promote self-respect In
a community. They make possible
social intercourse. They bring the
benefits of churches and schools with
in tlie reach o f all. They help to keep
the boys on the farm. They cheapen
the cost o f transportation o f furm
products to the markets and thus add
to the farm profits. They add to the
value o f farm lands much more than
they cost. They mark the degree of
civilization o f the rural community.
This, in short, is the value o f good
roads as seen by the extension service
o f the University of Missouri College
o f Agriculture.
The building o f good roads Is o f the
greatest Importance to a community.
What kind o f a road should be built?
O f what should it be constructed?
ket, that Is In the savings o f the people
and not at the banks.
“ The amount o f export trade securi
ties to he held by hanks must necessar
ily he limited to a minimum figure,”
the board asserts.
Requirements o f export financing
probably have been overestimated, the
board says, hnd adds that some part
o f the export demand would disappear
probably when actual commercial se
curity would be required for protec
tion of shipment^.
R ecovery M ay Be R apid.
“ It Is quite probable,” the hoard re
marks, "that, as European countries
succeed In re-establishing themselves,
their recovery toward a self-supporting
basts will be much more rapid than
has been expected. 'F ar more time Is
required for the expenditure o f great
sums In the purehnse o f goods than Is
generally comprehended. Expenditures
to be made fo r peace purposes oi for
reconstruction will require care nnd
patience If they nre to yield returns
under competitive business conditions.
They cannot be overhastlly made, and
this will In Itself ease the urgency of
the pressure for export financing.
When all these elements have been
eliminated there will rpmaln a very
great residue o f urgent Industrial re
quirements abroad, nnd these It Is eco
nomically and otherwise sound and de
sirable to finance as promptly and ef
fectively as possible that foreign de
mands for our goods may be main
tained, our markets conserved and our
general position in world trade pro
tected."
Leave O n ly H i t Glasses.
St. Louis, Mo.— Wearing only a pair
o f spectacles when he was arrested
early one morning here. Charles Mnr-
ttndale, forty-nine, o f Benton Harbor,
Mich., told the police he had been
robbed o f a full outfit o f clothing, a
suitcase, $70 and a watch. He said
he took three drlnka with twq strang
ers and could remember nothing after
that. Martlndale was ilv e q lodging
In the holdover here and provided with
new clothing.
G ood Roads L ik e T h is B ring F a rm e r
N ea re r to C ity Markets.
W hat are the things to be considered
In locating the road? What “ grade”
should be maintained? IIow should
the road be drained? What are the
laws governing highway construction?
There are a few questions answered
in extension circular 08 dealing with
country roads.
Matters o f prime consideration In
locating a road are: Easy grades,
good drainage, exposure to sunshine,
elimination o f culverts and bridges by
avoiding unnecessary creek crossings,
directness and the number o f farms to
be served fo r a given length o f road.
Whenever possible to avoid It, a good
location should not be rejected merely
beenusb n certain roadway has been In
use for some time. I f the location of
a used road Is bad It should be
changed If possible. In relocating roads
avoid railroad crossings at grades.
The grade o f the road Is Important
fo r on this depends the weight o f the
load which can be hauled economically.
By grade is meant the rise or fall In
feet for each 100 feet In horizontal
length o f road, usually expressed In
percentage. A 5 per cent grade means
that the road rises or falls 5 feet each
100 feet along Its center line. It has
been calculated that on a smooth coun
try road the loan that one horse could
pull on n level would require two on a
5 per cent grade, three on a 10 per cent
grade and four on a 15 per cent grade.
Engineers usually figure a 0 per cent
grade as a maximum.
Rond work In Missouri has not been
ns well managed as other public work.
Projects have been too narrowly lim
ited to localities, resulting in frag
mentary effort. Skilled locating and
supervision o f construction hnve been
generally lacking. The remedies nre:
First, a wider co-operation and the
ndoptlon o f broad schemes o f Improve
ment, preferably with units no smaller
than counties. Second, the nbsolute
elimination o f political considerations
in the spending o f money. Third, se
curing good engineering advice In the
preparation o f plans and requiring
careful engineering supervision o f con
struction.
ENGLAND SPENDS 50 MILLION
Grant* to T h a t A m ou n t W ill Be D is
trib u te d fo r R econstruction o f
R oads and Bridges.
Grants amounting to $50,000,000 will
be distributed by the British road
board fo r the reconstruction o f roads
and bridges In England In 1019. De
mobilized army units will be used to
do the labor. Local highway authori
ties will be required to match this
appropriation by at least ns large a
program o f road work as they carried
out In the year before the war. Area
taken Into consideration, England’s
program Is thus far In excess o f that
o f the United States, Including both
federal aid and state funds.
POOR ROADS ARE EXPENSIVE
Congressional R eport Placee A n n u a l
L o ts at $504,000,000 fo r T ra n s
portation A lone.
The congressional report o f 1914
placed the economic loss o f the United
States through poor roads at an an
nual figure o f $504,000,<100 fo r trans
portation costs alone, The heavy
Increase In tonnage since that time
probably makes the loss today close
to $1,000.000.000.
Much Depends Upon Interest of
INCREASE IN DAIRY PROFITS
Gardener Being Maintained
Throughout Season.
D a iry B ull Associations H a ve Done
Good Work and Show Big In
crease in Incomes.
.
WAGE FIGHT AGAINST PESTS
Man Must Make C ontinuous Fight
F rom Start, N e v e r S h irk in g D u ty
and Keeping E v e rla s tin g ly o r
Jo b — Ea sy to K ill W eeds.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The ultimate success-of a home gar
den depends largely upon the Inter
est of the gardener being maintained
throughout the season. Many persons
have gotten the Idea that when the
garden Is planted and cultivated two
or three times their work has ended,
and as a result the garden soon goes
to weeds or is destroyed by Insects uud
diseases. The successful gardener, de
clare the specialists o f the United
States Department o f Agriculture, Is
the one who wages a continuous fight
against the enemies o f the garden
from the very start, never shirking Ids
duty und being everlustlngly on the
Job.
A crop o f weeds can be destroyed In
a few moments by menns of a steel
rake or a hoe, If It Is used when the
weeds nre Just coming through the
ground. I f allowed to remain, the
weeds become firmly rooted and a
thorough renovation of the gurdeu Is
necessary to rid It o f them.
Seem Innocent, b ut T h e y ’ re Not.
A few old-fashioned hardshell potato
bugs may not appear to do any great
harm, but the crop of soft-shelled bee
tles they produce will ent the leaves
from the potato vines almost before
you know they are present. A few
spores o f some mildew or other dis
ease may not do any great amount of
damage, but If the weather Is fuvor-
uble for the spread o f the disease, It
will soon cause the loss of the entire
crop.
The old adage o f “ A stitch In time
saves nine” applies with double force
to the care of the garden. Keep up
Interest In the garden and make suc
cessive plantings o f various crops, so
that n continuous supply of vegetables
may be provided for the table. There
Is nothing gained by hnvlng the land
lie Idle, and It Is easier to keep it clean
If there is a paying crop upon It.
“ Seedy" Gardens Show Neglect.
Too often gardens with n "seedy”
nppearunce are seen in the middle of
tlie summer. The brush on which the
pens were grown or the wire trellis on
which they were trained is left with
the remains o f the crop upon it, nnd
generul unsightliness rules the entire
plot. It is a little more trouble to keep
tilings neat und attractive, but it pnys
In the long run; nnd If you ns n gar
dener want to maintain a reputation
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment o f Agriculture.)
Scrub dairy bulls nre doomed. The
hull association sounds their death
knell, but It replaces them with bulls
o f better breeding.
In June, 1916,
there were 44 dairy bull associations
and several huve been organized since
then. They are doing excellent work.
Without exception they show an In
creased Income without an Increased
cost.
The New Windsor (Maryland) Bull
association has furnished production
records o f dams and daughters for
three successive years. Each year the
daughters have produced more milk
and butter fat thun their dams, which
A Good H olstein Bull.
demonstrates that the bulls were well
selected. O f the 21 daughters o f as
sociation bulls for which the 1918 rec
ords nre available, 1(1 excelled their
dams in butter-fat production, nnd 15
excelled their dams In production of
both milk nnd butter fat.
The average yearly production o f
the dnms wns 5,560 pounds o f milk
and 219 pounds o f butter fat. The
average, yearly production of the 21
daughters was 0,523 pounds o f milk
and 203 pounds of butter fat. In milk
production the daughters excelled
their dnms by 903 pounds or 17.per
cent, nnd In butter-fat production by
44 pounds, or 20,per cent. These nre
not ns lnrge gains as some other hull
associations hnve glveh, but are well
worth while.
Because o f eo-oporhtlve ownership
the bulls cost the ljjrmers no more
than would hnve been paid for scrubs;
It costs no more to feed the daugh
ters than to feed the dams, afid it
costs much less to feed the bulls be
cause there were not so many o f them.
The Increased production, therefore,
was nil net profit.
GROWS GARDEN TO BUY CALF
W ashington B oy Raises P rize -W in n in g
Vegetables and B uys Je rse y
H e ife r W ith Money.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
A lfred Olson o f Klickitat county.
Wash., Is a member o f one o f the calf
clubs organized by the United States
department o f agriculture and the state
college o f Washington. With his pure
bred Jersey heifer calf. Area’s Babe,
he won the state championship prize
Inst year: In 1917 A lfred became In
terested In the calf club work, but a
purebred calf costs money, and ho did
not hnve funds to buy that requisite
fo r membership. T o enroll In a gar
den club as the first step toward en
tering the cnlf club may seem unusual,
but thnt wns what the Klickitat County
boy did, and he reached the desired
goal. The weeds In his club garden
kept him busy nil summer, but he gnve
It such faithful care that his vege
tables were prize winners. H e exhibit
ed a collection o f them at the statq
Keep the Garden G row ing T h ro u g h
fair nnd took $00 worth o f prizes.
the Sum m er.
Meanwhile He hnd been writing to
fo r a good garden, the necessary atten Jersey breeders for prices and descrip
tion will have to be given to Its neat tions o f calves. He decided on Jer
seys because thnt wns the breed his
ness and general appearance.
In sections where the weather be father hnd. W ith $40 o f his garden
comes extremely hot in summer nud prize money he bought a month-old
It Is not possible to kpep garden crops Jersey heifer calf In October. Ho kept
growing, the land should be cleaned, her In the barn all winter, but In the
replowed and kept stirred from time to spring she was turned out on the
time until conditions are suitable for range. When brought In In September
the planting o f fall vegetables. Under to be made ready fo r exhibition pur
ordinary conditions It Is best to have poses she was larger nt eleven months
some crop growing on the soil, and If than his father’s grade calves o f fif
At the atate fa ir AN
the period between the early spring teen months.
vegetables nnd the fall vegetables is fred’s Jersey wns awarded the state
sufficient, a crop o f cowpens should championship prize In the boys’ and
be grown upon the gnrden lund. This girls’ club class and was valued at
.
will shade the soil nnd prevent the $150.
sun burning the orgnnlc matter out of
It, and at the same time will actually
add fertility to the soil.
SMALL-TOP MILK PAIL BEST
KEEPING HARNESS IN REPAIR
T o o ls and Facilities A re C o m p a ra tive ly
Inexpensive and 8im ple— Special
Devices Needed.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment o f Agriculture.)
The tools nnd facilities required for
keeping harness In repair arc compara
tively simple nnd Inexpensive*. A con
siderable portion o f the repair work on
harness ran be performed by the aid o f
tools required for other purposes, but
there nre a few special devices that
arc dcslrafcl*.
P reve nts E ntrance o f D u st o r D irt and
G re a tly Reduces N u m b e r o f
Bacteria In M ilk.
In modem dairies where elenft milk
Is produced the small-top milk pall
Is a necessity, as It presents only n
small opening Into which dust and dirt
may fall from the air or from the
cow’s ho«l£
It has been found by
experience that the use o f a pall of
this kind greatly reduces the number
o f bacteria In milk from dairies where
It Is used. Many types o f milk palls
are fo r sale, but any tinner by the ad
dition o f a hood can convert nn ordi
nary pall Into a smnll-top pall.