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About The Polk County post. (Independence, Or.) 1918-19?? | View Entire Issue (March 28, 1919)
j U SCHOOL GARDEN WORK PLANNED Bureau of Education Expects to Enlist Many More Children This Year. states and some special state repre sentatives for the state council of defense in many o f the states. These additional helpers make It possible to do more intensive work. experience In Its production nnd p re * ervation; parents became Interested while working with the children, who never before attempted the production o f gurden crops; that in addition to the health, civic nnd educational val ues, children were taught valuable lessons in thrift, Industry, patriotism and responsibility. Judging from past experience it la only a question of time when the clttei and towns in America w ill have full courses in gardening in their schools as has been the case in the old world for many years. School ofllcluls throughout the coun try, In order to aid the nution in ful filling its guarantee o f 20,090,000 tons o f food fo r Europe in 1919, nnd in order to give the children under their charge this newer type o f education are aiming to make a readjustment In their programs. They will use gar den books as a part of the supplemen tary reading, and w ill change nature study, elementury and general science courses to garden courses. Such a plan or some other shifts that will provide a place fo r garden work in the school, as well as actual produc tion at home, will once aguin convince the public In general that the schools will be Just as able to aid in recon stvuctlon as they were in winning the war. The Increased number o f adminis trative federal and state directors will be very materially aided by the spe cial garden supervisors that arc to be selected in all o f the principal cities Profit Averaged $10 for Each of the and towns of the country. 1,680,000 Garden Soldiers Engaged Learn Valuable Lessons. — To Enlist 4,000,000 in Work Educational leaders representing This Year. systems that were most successful last year with the garden work learned many valuable lessons. They find that By LE STE R S. IVINS. Regional Director for Central States. children are 'much more Interested in testing seed i f these seeds are to be Washington — The United States planted in gardens o f their o w n ; that school garden army, organized at the all school work was of greater inter request of President Wilson to stimu est when it could be related to home late food production among the chil experience; money made as the result dren o f the country, us well os to give o f garden work provided funds for them on opportunity to utilize their Humps, bonds, saving accounts, ne spare time in a pleasant and profitable cessities of life, Red Cross nnd other manner, enlisted 1,680.000 garden sol such drives; children had greater ap diers in the United States during the preciation o f food after having bad year 1918. This number represents the boys nnd girls in cities, towns and villages who actually planted, culti vated nnd harvested crops at their home or on grounds under school su pervision. Many more than this num ber started, but only those pupils who did the work satisfactorily were grant ed the government U. S. S. G. in signia as a recognition o f their work. The average profit wns a little more than $10 per pupil, or $10,800,000 for the entire army. This amount repre sents both the fresh nnd canned goods used nnd sold. The average amount o f food canned wns one dozen pint cans per pupil. This profit wns produced on land which would not otherwise have been used and by children in many cases | who would not have been otherwise employed. This food was in most cases consumed while fresh, where produced, without cost of transporta tion or handling and without deteriora tion on the market. Considering these facts, the real results are of greuter value thnn the figures would Indicate. More Gardens This Year. Reports from more tliun one-lialf o f the towns nnd cities that were not organized under the federal plan in 1918 indicate they will be a part of Jhe United States gurden army in 1919. German government troops stationed upon the roof of a shack,^armed Many cities nnd towns had gardens, with light machine guns, are shown protecting a government building in but the superintendents o f schools for Berlin against the Spartacans. various reasons did not have the chil dren to organize along the lines o f the federal garden army plan. However, it should be added that these com munities did a great amount o f work toward increasing food production in their localities. The garden work Is one o f the first educational movements in the state and «— nation thnt has been enthusiastically supported by school authorities in pub able task In reconstructing the Impor lic, parochial and private schools. All tant coal nnd Industrial districts of these school systems Joined in many the department o f the Nord and the localities and employed the sanie gars I’ ns de Calais, nnd It will cost 75, den supervisor and garden teachers. 000,000,000 francs ($15,000,000,000), The garden division of the bureau according to a statement made to the of education was greatly increased French senate by Louis Loucheur, last September by the employment of minister o f Industrial reconstruct'on. assistant regional directors for all the The Germans completely destroyed 101 coal pits, and Mr. Loucheur said he hoped that If the French had luck Seventy Per Cent of Damage Was and worked very hard they might be Done In 1918— French Coal Region nble to produce 34,000 tons dally by Lose Fifteen Billions and Re the end o f 1919, Instead o f 75,000 pairs to Take Ten Years. tons, the output before the war. The repair o f the mines will cost more thsn 2,000,000,000 francs ($400,000,000) p arig — jrho Belgian commission nnd cannot be accomplished In less which is Investigating the damage done than ten years. by the Germans to railroads in occu The factories In the district have no pied territory, while It has not yet raw material and the machinery has finished Its work, Is la a position to been destroyed or carried away. Mr. give interesting figures relative to de Loucheur said It would take several struction caused by the Germans. years and 40,000 freight cars to bring The figures show that nearly 69^ back the machinery taken to Germany. miles o f rutlroad tracks were destroyed completely and nearly 260 miles vir tually destroyed and rendered useless out o f a total mileage o f approximaie- ly 2,600 In Belgium. Bolshevik Government In Russia De crees Drastic Punishment Done Mostly In 1918. fo r Inebriates. These destructions mostly were In the Mons coal valley, In.the region of Stockholm— A threat to punish in Tournal and around Ghent, Bruges, Ostend anil Courtral nnd 70 per cent ebriety among bolshevik officials of of the destruction was carried out dur high degree by death Is contained In ing the period from the start o f the a soviet decree printed in late Issues Belgian offensive on September 28, of tfie Petrograd newspapers. 1918, and the signing of the armistice. The decree points out that drunken | The Germans appropriated 2,611 ness among such officials Is Increasing | locomotive? out o f a total o f 4,534, or and proposes curative measures. I f there do not prove effective, how ! about 57 per cen t; 0,062 passenger : cars out o f a total o f 10,812, or 93 per ever, the offense, It Is threatened, will cent, nnd 80,568 freight cars out of cause the Infliction o f the death pen ! n total of 94,737. or 86 per cent. The alty. DID GREAT WORK IN 1918 EBERT TROOPS FIGHTING THE REDS BELGIUM’S RAIL DAMAGE BILLION Commission Puts This Estimate on Destruction of Lines and Bridges. FOE DESTROYED 690 MILES CARRIED DEFIANT MESSAGE YANK INGENUITY LANDS U S. AT TOP OF WORLD’S NAVIES Revelations in London Show Hith erto Undisclosed Part of America in War. OPENS EYES OF NAVY MEN In the New Mexico Gives World a Successful Revolution in the Pro- ’ pulsion of the Biggest Fight ing Ships— Naval Sci ence Advanced. tain the maximum o f efficiency at the least possible cost. “ The heating losses o f tills type of motor are reduced to a minimum amount, and require comparatively lit tle attention; It is ulso quite light in weight per horse power gi.'en off, and has become very popular on shore of recent years, mainly owing to its pow erful starting torque nnd Its freedom from commutators nnd brush-gear. “ A burnt-out armature— the perpet ual source o f dread to other types of electric motor in practice— is practi cally unknown in this type, even when put to such severe service us propeller reversing. Indeed, its depreciation un der proper -conditions fo r which it w’ould be designed is ns low as any other type o f revolving mechanical ma chinery, nnd owing to its peculinr run ning character it is especially suit able fo r main marine propulsion work on bnttleshlps, and especially ns this efficient electric motor enn be designed for large powers, while 'its construc tional details represent the very acme o f simplicity.” - London.— Josephus Dnnlels, secre tary o f the navy cohgratulated Ad miral Griffin and W. L. It. Emmett upon having given the world. In the New Mexico, a “ successful revolution In the propulsion o f the biggest fight ing ships,” uddlng: “ As so often be fore, American Ingenuity and Inven tive skill now lead the world in the propelling o f battleships.” He seems to have been unaware that In this case the “ ingenuity and inventive skill” Halts Her Tendency to Race. originated in England. Otherwise, one A feature wlileh the captain also may he sure, he would have been the noted, nnd laid much stress upon, wns first to give credit where credit was the fact that it was impossible for this due. type o f motor to "race” when the ves At the same time it must be ad sel was under heavy rolling or pitch mitted that American enterprise and ing conditions, nnd thus allowing the foresight to the possibilities o f a really vessel to run at high speed even in a useful invention have opened the eyes severe gale and heavy seas, while the o f the naval authorities on this side, load balanced itself automatically bo- to the great and far-reaching impor tween henvily and lightly Immersed tance o f what, from insufficient lnves- propellers, while under those operat tlgai.'on nnd wrong expert advice, they ing conditions nnd without straining had discarded. the ship as is the case In every other The history o f the evolution and per type o f propeller drive, and he esti fection o f what is known over here as mated a great saving in fuel in con the “ Pnrngon" thermo-electric ship nection with the propulsion o f such propulsion system, nnd, ns is used In warships when propelled under heavy the New Mexico, the importance of weather conditions, and so noted in whose successful trinls, though an the case o f the New Mexico. nounced by Mr. Daniels early last De Captain Durtnall added thnt the sub cember, has Just been discovered by ject was then receiving close attention the English press, Is Interesting. on the pnrt o f shipbuilders nnd en gineers, forming the topic o f repeated This Makes the Big Idea Plain. discussions o f various engineering as Although previous lectures on the sociations, both in England and subject were heard at the Frnnco-Brit- abroad. “ Electrical power transmis lsh exhibition In London os far back sion for ship propulsion,” he said, ns 1908, ns regards its application to “ was nigh nt hand,” nnd he urged na the merchant marine, it is Just ten val nnd mercantile engineers to make years ago thnt W illiam P. Durt- themselves au fa it with all the poten nall, a prominent member o f the In tialities o f this “ twentieth centsry In stitute o f Marine Engineers, London, vasion of the orthodox methods of now a staff cnptnln Jn the technical steam propulsion on a direct propeller side o f the royal air force, stationed drive.” in London, and the Inventor nnd pat “ Thnt, be It remembered, was ten entee in many countries o f the “ Par years ago, and the matter did attract agon” system, Interested a learned au a considerable amount o f favorable dience of naval nnd marine engineers comment, but that wus about ns far as an Chatham by lecturing on the possi It went. bilities o f polyphase alternating cur rent electrical power transmission fo r How Captain Durtnall Won His Point. One of Captain Durtnnll’s chief crit mnln marine propulsion nnd speed regulation. ics wns Sir Charles Parsons, who sal.l H e described how he had then got he feared the system would prove a the “ Pnragon” system so complete that source o f grave danger to the engine by a simple method nil electrical speed room crews, ns “ If a short circuit oc reduction gear was formed nnd any curred they would all b“ poisoned by “ ahead” or “ astern” speed from zero copper poisoning from the fumes that And yet within to maximum could then be given to the would be given off.” propellers with the turbines running a year Sir Chnrles Parsons’ firm, to at all times in one direction, nnd at gether with the Thompson Houston constnnt revolution speed, nt the same Electric company (the English repre time demonstrating thaf with this ad sentatives o f the General Electric vanced system a fuel saving o f no company, U. S. A .), were both de less than 26 per cent could be secured fendants In nctions brought by Captnlu over the latest type battleship, name Durtnall before the comptroller gen ly, the then new and original “ dread- eral o f patents, In London, In which they sought to infringe Captain Durt- naught.” nnll’s patents, the settlement o f which Here Is the Inventor’ s Answer. was brought about by Captain Durt . In n copy o f the lecture which I nall agreeing thnt ho would be satis got Captain Durtnall to exhume for fied i f n disclaimer ns to this poly me, he s a id : phase alternating current ship propul "B y the adoption o f this poiyphaso sion was inserted in the applicants' alternating current induction electric specifications. motor it is possible to do what is not Since that time several successful possible to do with any other kind of motor o f equal power and revolution patent nctions have been placed to speed; that Is, to make them sufficient the credit o f Captain DurtnnII, whose ly smnll In diameter that they will go original invention is considered basic. Into the narrow after-lln.es o f war But the real reason* why Captain ships, and at the same time to ob Durtnall’s invention was thrown down, TO KILL DRUNKEN OFFICIALS NEW BOUNDARIES FOR POLAND ACE DESIGNS STATUE :1Q Igì W .it r r n N ,w ,p a ,,,r L'nlon‘ Lieut. W alter Chalnjre, who re cently returned from the front, and is an nee, having brought down nine Hun muchlnes, designed this statue o f General Pershing and an Am eri can doughboy, which will be made In bronze by Miss Bello Kinney, a young sculptress o f New York, and presented to General Pershing. Lieu tenant Chalalre Is a form er newspa per man, nnd while In France was ad mitted to the bar as a full-fledged lawyer. not once, but mnny times during the last ten years, by the British ad miralty, he said, was because It was considered o f too revolutionary n char acter. He Is, however, very grnttfled nt tiie tremendous success o f his Par agon system, first on the nnvnl col lier Jupiter nnd more feceutly on the New Mexico. Whether it was, ns enn hardly bo gainsaid, that inventors are seldom tho ^best missionaries of tlielr own cases, or thnt the adverse criticisms o f such authorities ns Sir Charles Par sons nnd Doctor Ferrnntl carry very great weight in marine engineering cir cles over here, Captain Durtnall Is very gratified that at last his efforts have been rewarded by the recogni tion in highest possible form, name ly, successful trials nt sea, of his P a r agon system by the United States n a vy ; although, in discussing the mat ter with me, he rnther diffidently criti cized one remark which Mr. Daniels Is reported to have mado to the e f fect that tho N ew Mexico Is a much more "powerful” ship thun any other In* the world. Naval Science Advanced. "W hat Mr. Daniels undoubtedly meant,” said Captain Durtnall, "was, o f course, that he had built a ‘much stronger’ ship, one which w ill stand heavier gunfire and under-water at tack than any other nfloat, ns by tak ing full ndvnntnge o f the facilities o f elasticity and the flexibility o f power plant placing, which electrical driving offers, full ndvantage enn nnd lias been taken o f the efficient merits of the strength o f the ‘cellular’ system o f hull construction, and armor, points which the world has yet to learn In connec tion with the splendid high power, high speed electrical bnttle cruisers under construction for the progressive United States navy, o f which every true American should be highly prouJ, not only In those facts, but also thnt they have such ntfvnneed thinking men among their nnynl engineers, nnd nd- mlnlstcrlal officers so well represented in Mr. Daniels, who has rightly given fine support to the art o f theruio-elec- trical warship construction. “ Be that ns It may, however," add ed Cnptnln DurtnnII, “ the facts are to day, nnd as an engineer o f 36 years’ experience I hnve no hesitation In stating that In my opinion the Amer ican naval engineers have advanced the world’s naval engineering con structional art by at least 25 years, by adopting this modern advanced en gineering system for their consequent ly efficient wnrshlps, as apart from its unique engineering value, It opens up a vista o f vast commercial and po litical significance, which has yet to be fe lt the world over.” WROTE HER OWN OBITUARY Aged Spinster Prepared All but Date Four Yeara Ago and Left It With Undertakers. Corporal Lowell Hollingshead of Mount Sterling, O., n member o f the “ Lost Battnilon” o f the Three Hun dred and Eighth Infantry, who carried the German demand fo r surrender that brought forth Lieutenant Colonel W hittlesey’s now famous response of “ Go to hell.” Corporal Hollingshead with seven companions had Volun teered to penetrnte the German lines to bring relief to th^ boys o f tho Three Hundred and Eighth surround ed In the Argonne forest. Four o f the men were killed and the remain ing four wounded and captured. Hol lingshead was sent back to the Am er ican lines with the German demand fo r surrender. H e had been shot through the leg and after delivering his message fell unconscious. I I V nnd nonsmokers at Vassor col A ll the bridges lending in and out j £ |ege. The matter was thrashed o f Ostend and Bruges have been de- g out a few days ago and a dec! stroyed and virtually all In West Flan- ' g|on was m m reached which now ____ now ders, as well as those over the Meuse prohibits smoking by the girls at Liege, Namur, Huy, Dlnant and An- dormitories, but they enn ;«• seremme. Eight bridges over the X smoke elsewhere. Ghent-Terneuzcn canal were blown ¡¡»J Consequently the girls avnM up. T w o o f these bridges at Balzaete, »J themselves o f many secluded near the Dutch frontier, weighed W nooks. Probably the most pat 3,000,000 pounds each. It Is estimated ronized is Sunset hill. Here tie- by the commission that more thnn 109,-[ g c|r]a are W Ont to gather and 000.000 pounds o f steel will be require* pnlr at thMr rfgmret(l> unm„. to rebuild the bridges in I landers V Jested by the trustees or the alone. g warden, Miss J. C. Palmer. 9 The commission estimates the dam- % Vassar college Is said to be >J age to railroad material, tracks, the only woman's college which V bridges and other equipment at more has heretofore recognized thn: B than »1,000,000,000. X tfrla smoked. g France is faced with a most foroild- New York,— Miss Anna M. Haley, who died at 81 Roseville nvenuo. New ark, wrote her own obituary four years ago nnd left It In care o f a firm o f undertakers. J Under the new terms o f the armistice hostilities must cease in Posen, where the Germans have been opposing the advnnce o f the Poles in their efforts to establish their clulm to the entire territory o f the German province o f Posen, The provisional boundnry fixed by the allied armistice commission follow s: East o f Grosser Neudorf (southeast o f Bromberg), south of Lnblschln, south of Sehodzlesen, north o f Exln (southwest o f Bromberg), south o f Sunn (7), North o f Czarnlknu (east o f Kreuz), west o f Blrnhnum and lientechen (w est o f Posen), Wollsteln, Llssa, nnd north o f Wlernszow, and thence along the frontier between Silesia and Poland. This takes In the grenter part o f Posen and only leaves out those portions along the border that have been thoroughly Germanized. The heavy shaded portions o f the map show the new territory In which the allies hnve backed up Polish sovereignty. ________________ She asked thnt It he used just as she wrote It, with the date o f her •tenth filled In. H ere la port o f her, obituary: “ Miss nnley has been a great suf ferer from spinal trouble fo r many years, and with her brother traveled extensively for health. In tho year 1879-1880 they traveled nronnd tho world via California, visiting the Sand wich Islands, Australia, southern In dia, Egypt and Europe, ‘‘Miss Haley was born In the city oC New York, as were her ancestors f o f many generations. She was educated In Miss Haines' school, Gramercy Park.”
