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About Oregon daily emerald. (Eugene, Or.) 1920-2012 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 10, 1944)
Oregon W Emerald ANNE CRAVEN Editor ROSEANN LECElE Business Manager ELIZABETH HAUGEN Managing Editor FRANNIE MAIER Advertising Manager MARGUERITE WITTWER News Editor LOUISE MONTAG, PEGGY OVERLAND Associate Editors EDITORIAL BOARD Norris Yates, Edith Newton, Carol Sibulsky Bjorg Hansen, Executive Secretary Betty French Robertson, Women’s Editor Winifred Romtvedt, Assistant News Editor Darrell Boone, Photographer Flora Furrow, Assistant Managing Editor Gloria Campbell, Mary K. Minor Librarians Betty Bennett. Music Editor Phyllis Amacher, World News Editor Published daily during the college year except Sundays, Mondays, and holidays and filial examination periods by the Associated Students. University of Oregon. Entered as second-class matter at the postoffice, Eugene, Oregon. < )n every campus there is an intangible something known as School Spirit and when fall term weather began to hit the University this fall a lot of students started reminiscing of the .good old days when fall term naturally meant bands, mums, yells, and football all rolled up into one big package known as School Spirit. And unfortunately most of the students thought ■of nothing but the good old spirit, tire good old days, and good old football. With no big football games for Oregon this year there has grown up a feeling that Oregon just isn't in the sports business anymore. But that ISN’T the truth. Oregon is in sports this year, and every Oregon student who is really interested can get just as wrapped up in a thorough feeling of School Spirit over this sport as any other. You sec, Oregon DOES have a basketball team that will he playing conference and pre-conference games !hat are worthy of all the support students and members of the faculty are able to give. And the team does deserve your support. Those boys are working bard to shape up a team that will he ready to meet competition from every other team in the coast conference, and from 3 to 6 every afternoon you can find them practicing hard to insure being able to live up to what is expected of them. This will he Oregon’s only major sport this year, and as such it deserves your full hacking. We’ve got a team, we’ve got a band, and we’ve got a rally squad. All that eve are lacking now to insure a season as full of fire and spirit as any in the past is the real interest that comes from the School Spirit that ■only students and faculty members can furnish. And the support you can give is important to our team. These boys are willing to get in and play hard, but they expect and deserve the interest and hacking that you can give them in onlv one way—by coming out and cheering for them. And it’s fun. You know that because you know how much fun it is to sec every game, to yell and sing and be proud of your team. So let’s all he out there every time our men play so we can prove that we’ve still got plenty of what it takes, we’re still proud of our school and everything it does—we still have School Spirit. 4 • We Still Meed ^in . . . Inch hy inch we are re-capturing- Allied possessions in the Pacific but the Japanese still control the territories which once supplied the United States with a major portion of her tin. That is why this new scrap drive is just as important, if not more important than previous ones. No matter how close we are to winning the Kuropean phase of World War II, we still need tin. We should not allow our selves to fall into a feeling of security. The war is not over by a long shot. An all out effort is still needed. The drive for tin can salvage now being conducted on the campus is sponsored by the war board in conjunction with a Lane county drive and the Lane county committee has arranged to pick up scrap from the University houses. Every house on the campus uses large quantities of canned food so we should be able to make a really big showing. Preparing the cans is a comparatively simple process. Wash the can thoroughly and soak off the label. Cut off both ends and flatten it firmly by stepping on it. Tuck the cut off ends in the can and pack in strong containers. Here is our chance to help supply a critically needed material. For instance, two tin cans make one syrett—a hypodermic filled with morphine width kills the pain for 14 hours. Svretts are a regular part of the kits issued to men fighting in the Pacific. The truck will gather scrap on the 16th. Let's fill it and then some. Augustana college’s -evening school in Rock Island, 111., is offering a new course this fall; income tax problems. Go+vUoUi+uj, fyutusie A<fXyieb4&iA- . . . INTERNATIONAL ARMY VS. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS By DOROTHY BRUHN The advisability of forming an international police force in connection with the United Nations organ ization at the close of the war seems unquestionable. A brief review of the League of Nations shows the lack of any agreement on the use of sanctions at the proper time. The inadequacy of economic sanc tions caused the organization to be without the necessary coersive power to stop the death maich of the aggressors. China’s soil felt the impact of the Japanese war lords in 1931 when they went into Manchuria on the pretext of maintaining their own security. Ob viously the European nations, beset with economic crises and less remote catastrophies, were not anx ious to apply the sanctions at their disposal under the covenant of the League. Council Again Fails Again when Mussolini made his demands in Ethiopia, the council was unable to arrive at a practical course of action which would have stifled Italian aggression. Rather, the intricate workings of politics found the solution in the Hoare-Laval agreement, which actually gave Italy the go-ahead signal. It is not difficult to understand the hesi tancy of the individual nations of the world to engage themselves in a war, when the possibilities of arriving at peaceful solutions do not seem ex hausted. However, it would now appear obvious that there is a definite necessity for an immediate and united effort to be directed against nations with policies of aggrandizement in order to avert a conflict like the one we are now witnessing. Definition of Agression Necessary If an easily-accessible, well-equipped and trained force could be called upon by the council of the United Nations without unnecessary delay it would be a much simpler task to put a stop to aggressive action. To make this police force effective, one nation should not be able to stand as a bulwark in a decision to utilize it. Also, a comprehensive definition of aggression, to be used in determining military actions, should be devised. When an occasion arises which demands con certed action, which would seem more appropriate— the hesitancy and faltering of individual nations, averse to committing their respective military forces in a struggle caused by something which might have no immediate effect on. them, or the deliberate and collective decision of our security organiza tion to call upon the international police force, readily available at all times ? Ideals Important One point should be made clear, however. The idea that such a police force would, in itself, prevent the further occurence of world conflicts is complete ly erroneous. It can be counted upon merely to back up well-made decisions and keep in line those states which are ‘‘problem children” in the family of nations. The ideals and principles for which the organiza tion, itself, stands, are all-important. Just as we need a police force within our own country, not so much for punishment as for protection, so it should be on an international basis. Fundamentally, the laws which the police are hired to enforce must not be onerous to the majority of citizens, merely codified, enforced because of a minority element. Majority Must Back League In the world scene, the same principle must apply. The majority of nations must be behind the United Nations league, and use it as the primary instru ment for maintaining peace. The success of a police force, which in reality would be supplementary, then depends on the success of the world organiza tion itself. But the force cannot be used by dominant nations By SIGNE EKLTJND -<•* With the organization of the United Nations and the noble statements set forth in the Moscow con ference, new hope was given to the world that war is not inevitable and that a lasting peace is possible. Many proposals have been suggested as an “ideal peace plan” including such ideas as an assembly to consider political problems, commissions to control economic, labor and social problems, a court to settle international disputes, an international police force, an executive department, etc. For the solution of the organization-of such problems we can profit by the experiences encountered after the close of the last war. Failure Due to People We are beginning to realize now that the reason, for the failure of the League of Nations was not in the machinery of the league so much as it was** in the people of the world and their leaders who had to make that machinery work. Any inter national organization such as the United Nations should have the power and the responsibility to ar range for the peaceful and compulsory settlement of international disputes and have the supreme power to prevent armed aggression and war. In order that we may pledge ourselves to an interna tional organization we must ask ourselves if we are willing to support the use of a world court should we have a dispute with another nation. Two Methods Possible In the enforcement of the decisions of the world court two methods are left open to us: 1, the use of economic sanctions, and 2, the use of an inter national police force. Economic sanctions, some'-ij argue, were not successful as a war preventative under the League of Nations. However, economic sanctions were never fully enforced by the league. When Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, no sanc tions were imposed against her on the part of France, Britain, or the United States. Sanctions Must Be Complete After Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, our business interests kept shipping Italy the commodity she needed most, oil. Economic sanctions or any other device to prevent war will never be successful unless the nations apply them honestly and completely. With the use of an international police force, there are two main problems to be considered: 1, the police force must be strong enough to control an^ aggressor or aggressors and 2, yet being this strong the police force would become a menace to all na tions should it be placed in the wrong control. Who Will Have Authority? Another problem, then, is into the hands of what authority should such a force be placed? It is argued that the responsibility and power of the United Nations should be to advise and recom mend military force, but certainly not to common war. Should the use of our army, navy, and air force be necessary in a police force to stop an ag gressor nation, it would undoubtedly be considered as an act of war in the minds of our congress and our people. We must hope the nations of the world will realize that an aggressor once successful is a dangerous threat to the peace of the whole world. Any action taken against an aggressor should be immediate and enforced completely by all nations whether it be in the nature of economic sanctions, an inter- -y, national police force, or otherwise. Should the crisis come and we fail to quell the aggressor, then the hope of a lasting peace is lost and we shall be preparing for another world conflict. as coercive power, as a weapon to force their de mands and maintain their position in the league on the other member-nations. Roobi Rebind *7<4e bleuji. By JOHN J. CRAIG The Night of the Summer Solstice -— Mark Van Doren — Holt and company. 1943. Mr. Van Doren, who is well rec ognized in the literary field, has selected this anthology of Russian short stories, some of the best and most human descriptions that have yet come out of the war. In his preface Mr. Van Doren writes, "I know nothing about these stories beyond the fact they arrived one day in a parcel from Russia with a letter which trans mitted but did not describe them. The names of their authors are only names to me; and though they came in English, the identity of the translators was not disclosed. Neither have I any way of know ing whether the stories are true, in all possible meanings of that word when we apply it to narra tive.” These stories are important be cause they bring to the average person an insight into the reality and actuality of the great Russian war on the eastern front which has remained for the majority an unimaginable thing, horrible and somewhat impossible to realize. News analysts and war optimists might also take a cue from these stories, for they are grim remind ers of how an invaded country might respond to war conditions an underground and guerilla war and how horrible and devastating can be. Recent pictures and stories of German children firing and kill ing allied soldiers in Germany, re mind one of the,tragic patterns set in the course of these stories of Russian resistance. The reader will be surprised when he finds how easily he ab sorbs them. One will find in ad dition to all the shocking brutality of these stories, a warm humor which on first thought is strange but which reminds one of the great tradition of the Russian short story, in which humor and a de light for odd detail play such an important part. These are stories of war, of vil lage people in that war, of child ren, of old men and old women, and of soldiers. Most of them are short and have no superflous detail. Not all of the tales have equaV value, but all of them stun you with their vividness. “Little One,” “Inside the Hut,” “Death on a Col lective Farm,” “Serezha Izmailov,” (Please turn to page three) "That's My Baby" with Richard Arlen, Ellen Drew and "Reckless Age" with Gloria Jean