Oregon W Emerald
ANNE CRAVEN
Editor
ROSEANN LECElE
Business Manager
ELIZABETH HAUGEN
Managing Editor
FRANNIE MAIER
Advertising Manager
MARGUERITE WITTWER
News Editor
LOUISE MONTAG, PEGGY OVERLAND
Associate Editors
EDITORIAL BOARD
Norris Yates, Edith Newton, Carol Sibulsky
Bjorg Hansen, Executive Secretary
Betty French Robertson, Women’s Editor
Winifred Romtvedt, Assistant News Editor
Darrell Boone, Photographer
Flora Furrow, Assistant Managing Editor
Gloria Campbell, Mary K. Minor
Librarians
Betty Bennett. Music Editor
Phyllis Amacher, World News Editor
Published daily during the college year except Sundays, Mondays, and holidays and
filial examination periods by the Associated Students. University of Oregon.
Entered as second-class matter at the postoffice, Eugene, Oregon.
< )n every campus there is an intangible something known
as School Spirit and when fall term weather began to hit the
University this fall a lot of students started reminiscing of the
.good old days when fall term naturally meant bands, mums,
yells, and football all rolled up into one big package known as
School Spirit. And unfortunately most of the students thought
■of nothing but the good old spirit, tire good old days, and good
old football. With no big football games for Oregon this year
there has grown up a feeling that Oregon just isn't in the sports
business anymore.
But that ISN’T the truth. Oregon is in sports this year, and
every Oregon student who is really interested can get just as
wrapped up in a thorough feeling of School Spirit over this
sport as any other. You sec, Oregon DOES have a basketball
team that will he playing conference and pre-conference games
!hat are worthy of all the support students and members of the
faculty are able to give.
And the team does deserve your support. Those boys are
working bard to shape up a team that will he ready to meet
competition from every other team in the coast conference,
and from 3 to 6 every afternoon you can find them practicing
hard to insure being able to live up to what is expected of them.
This will he Oregon’s only major sport this year, and as such
it deserves your full hacking. We’ve got a team, we’ve got a
band, and we’ve got a rally squad. All that eve are lacking
now to insure a season as full of fire and spirit as any in the
past is the real interest that comes from the School Spirit that
■only students and faculty members can furnish. And the support
you can give is important to our team. These boys are willing
to get in and play hard, but they expect and deserve the interest
and hacking that you can give them in onlv one way—by
coming out and cheering for them.
And it’s fun. You know that because you know how much
fun it is to sec every game, to yell and sing and be proud of
your team. So let’s all he out there every time our men play
so we can prove that we’ve still got plenty of what it takes,
we’re still proud of our school and everything it does—we still
have School Spirit.
4 •
We Still Meed ^in . . .
Inch hy inch we are re-capturing- Allied possessions in the
Pacific but the Japanese still control the territories which once
supplied the United States with a major portion of her tin.
That is why this new scrap drive is just as important, if not
more important than previous ones.
No matter how close we are to winning the Kuropean phase
of World War II, we still need tin. We should not allow our
selves to fall into a feeling of security. The war is not over
by a long shot. An all out effort is still needed.
The drive for tin can salvage now being conducted on the
campus is sponsored by the war board in conjunction with a
Lane county drive and the Lane county committee has arranged
to pick up scrap from the University houses. Every house on
the campus uses large quantities of canned food so we should
be able to make a really big showing.
Preparing the cans is a comparatively simple process. Wash
the can thoroughly and soak off the label. Cut off both ends
and flatten it firmly by stepping on it. Tuck the cut off ends in
the can and pack in strong containers.
Here is our chance to help supply a critically needed material.
For instance, two tin cans make one syrett—a hypodermic filled
with morphine width kills the pain for 14 hours. Svretts are a
regular part of the kits issued to men fighting in the Pacific.
The truck will gather scrap on the 16th. Let's fill it and
then some.
Augustana college’s -evening school in Rock Island, 111., is
offering a new course this fall; income tax problems.
Go+vUoUi+uj, fyutusie A<fXyieb4&iA- . . .
INTERNATIONAL ARMY VS. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
By DOROTHY BRUHN
The advisability of forming an international police
force in connection with the United Nations organ
ization at the close of the war seems unquestionable.
A brief review of the League of Nations shows the
lack of any agreement on the use of sanctions at
the proper time. The inadequacy of economic sanc
tions caused the organization to be without the
necessary coersive power to stop the death maich
of the aggressors.
China’s soil felt the impact of the Japanese war
lords in 1931 when they went into Manchuria on
the pretext of maintaining their own security. Ob
viously the European nations, beset with economic
crises and less remote catastrophies, were not anx
ious to apply the sanctions at their disposal under
the covenant of the League.
Council Again Fails
Again when Mussolini made his demands in
Ethiopia, the council was unable to arrive at a
practical course of action which would have stifled
Italian aggression. Rather, the intricate workings
of politics found the solution in the Hoare-Laval
agreement, which actually gave Italy the go-ahead
signal. It is not difficult to understand the hesi
tancy of the individual nations of the world to
engage themselves in a war, when the possibilities
of arriving at peaceful solutions do not seem ex
hausted.
However, it would now appear obvious that there
is a definite necessity for an immediate and united
effort to be directed against nations with policies
of aggrandizement in order to avert a conflict like
the one we are now witnessing.
Definition of Agression Necessary
If an easily-accessible, well-equipped and trained
force could be called upon by the council of the
United Nations without unnecessary delay it would
be a much simpler task to put a stop to aggressive
action. To make this police force effective, one
nation should not be able to stand as a bulwark
in a decision to utilize it. Also, a comprehensive
definition of aggression, to be used in determining
military actions, should be devised.
When an occasion arises which demands con
certed action, which would seem more appropriate—
the hesitancy and faltering of individual nations,
averse to committing their respective military forces
in a struggle caused by something which might
have no immediate effect on. them, or the deliberate
and collective decision of our security organiza
tion to call upon the international police force,
readily available at all times ?
Ideals Important
One point should be made clear, however. The
idea that such a police force would, in itself, prevent
the further occurence of world conflicts is complete
ly erroneous. It can be counted upon merely to back
up well-made decisions and keep in line those states
which are ‘‘problem children” in the family of
nations.
The ideals and principles for which the organiza
tion, itself, stands, are all-important. Just as we
need a police force within our own country, not so
much for punishment as for protection, so it should
be on an international basis. Fundamentally, the
laws which the police are hired to enforce must
not be onerous to the majority of citizens, merely
codified, enforced because of a minority element.
Majority Must Back League
In the world scene, the same principle must apply.
The majority of nations must be behind the United
Nations league, and use it as the primary instru
ment for maintaining peace. The success of a police
force, which in reality would be supplementary,
then depends on the success of the world organiza
tion itself.
But the force cannot be used by dominant nations
By SIGNE EKLTJND -<•*
With the organization of the United Nations and
the noble statements set forth in the Moscow con
ference, new hope was given to the world that war
is not inevitable and that a lasting peace is possible.
Many proposals have been suggested as an “ideal
peace plan” including such ideas as an assembly to
consider political problems, commissions to control
economic, labor and social problems, a court to settle
international disputes, an international police force,
an executive department, etc. For the solution of
the organization-of such problems we can profit by
the experiences encountered after the close of the
last war.
Failure Due to People
We are beginning to realize now that the reason,
for the failure of the League of Nations was not
in the machinery of the league so much as it was**
in the people of the world and their leaders who
had to make that machinery work. Any inter
national organization such as the United Nations
should have the power and the responsibility to ar
range for the peaceful and compulsory settlement
of international disputes and have the supreme
power to prevent armed aggression and war. In
order that we may pledge ourselves to an interna
tional organization we must ask ourselves if we
are willing to support the use of a world court
should we have a dispute with another nation.
Two Methods Possible
In the enforcement of the decisions of the world
court two methods are left open to us: 1, the use
of economic sanctions, and 2, the use of an inter
national police force. Economic sanctions, some'-ij
argue, were not successful as a war preventative
under the League of Nations. However, economic
sanctions were never fully enforced by the league.
When Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, no sanc
tions were imposed against her on the part of
France, Britain, or the United States.
Sanctions Must Be Complete
After Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, our business
interests kept shipping Italy the commodity she
needed most, oil. Economic sanctions or any other
device to prevent war will never be successful unless
the nations apply them honestly and completely.
With the use of an international police force,
there are two main problems to be considered: 1, the
police force must be strong enough to control an^
aggressor or aggressors and 2, yet being this strong
the police force would become a menace to all na
tions should it be placed in the wrong control.
Who Will Have Authority?
Another problem, then, is into the hands of what
authority should such a force be placed? It is
argued that the responsibility and power of the
United Nations should be to advise and recom
mend military force, but certainly not to common
war. Should the use of our army, navy, and air
force be necessary in a police force to stop an ag
gressor nation, it would undoubtedly be considered
as an act of war in the minds of our congress
and our people.
We must hope the nations of the world will realize
that an aggressor once successful is a dangerous
threat to the peace of the whole world. Any action
taken against an aggressor should be immediate
and enforced completely by all nations whether it
be in the nature of economic sanctions, an inter- -y,
national police force, or otherwise. Should the crisis
come and we fail to quell the aggressor, then the
hope of a lasting peace is lost and we shall be
preparing for another world conflict.
as coercive power, as a weapon to force their de
mands and maintain their position in the league
on the other member-nations.
Roobi Rebind *7<4e bleuji.
By JOHN J. CRAIG
The Night of the Summer Solstice
-— Mark Van Doren — Holt and
company. 1943.
Mr. Van Doren, who is well rec
ognized in the literary field, has
selected this anthology of Russian
short stories, some of the best and
most human descriptions that have
yet come out of the war.
In his preface Mr. Van Doren
writes, "I know nothing about
these stories beyond the fact they
arrived one day in a parcel from
Russia with a letter which trans
mitted but did not describe them.
The names of their authors are
only names to me; and though they
came in English, the identity of
the translators was not disclosed.
Neither have I any way of know
ing whether the stories are true,
in all possible meanings of that
word when we apply it to narra
tive.”
These stories are important be
cause they bring to the average
person an insight into the reality
and actuality of the great Russian
war on the eastern front which
has remained for the majority an
unimaginable thing, horrible and
somewhat impossible to realize.
News analysts and war optimists
might also take a cue from these
stories, for they are grim remind
ers of how an invaded country
might respond to war conditions
an underground and guerilla war
and how horrible and devastating
can be. Recent pictures and stories
of German children firing and kill
ing allied soldiers in Germany, re
mind one of the,tragic patterns set
in the course of these stories of
Russian resistance.
The reader will be surprised
when he finds how easily he ab
sorbs them. One will find in ad
dition to all the shocking brutality
of these stories, a warm humor
which on first thought is strange
but which reminds one of the great
tradition of the Russian short
story, in which humor and a de
light for odd detail play such an
important part.
These are stories of war, of vil
lage people in that war, of child
ren, of old men and old women, and
of soldiers. Most of them are short
and have no superflous detail.
Not all of the tales have equaV
value, but all of them stun you
with their vividness. “Little One,”
“Inside the Hut,” “Death on a Col
lective Farm,” “Serezha Izmailov,”
(Please turn to page three)
"That's My Baby"
with Richard Arlen, Ellen
Drew
and
"Reckless Age"
with Gloria Jean