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About Roseburg news-review. (Roseburg, Or.) 1920-1948 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 5, 1925)
WEATHER When you put off advertising you put off growing wm VIEW Highest Yesterday 56 Lowest Last Night . Rain tonight and Friday, mod- erate temperature. DOUGLAS CPU NT V An Independent Newspaper, Published tr the Best Interest of the People. Consolidation ofc Th Evening New and The Roseburg Review. VOL. XXVII. NO. 69 OF ROSEBURQ REVIEW ROSEBURG NEWS-REVIEW THURSDAY. FEBRUARY .5. 1925. VOL. XII. NO. 280 OF THE EVENING NEWS Rose GIRLS' 80QIEr REVEAL GRIME OF DEGENERATE Los Angeles Officers Seek Suspect After Gruesome Find Near the City. MISSING SIX MONTHS While Investigation Goes On. 7-Year-Qld Child Insists Killing Story True. LOS ANGKLES, Feb. 5. The murder of two little girls revealed yesterday, months after their dis appearance, and the murders which another little girl insists she haB committed in the past two years, were occupying the at tention of city and county author ities here today. Search for May and Nina Mar tin, sisters, aged 12 and 8, who wandered away from home Au gust 23 last with 65 cents taken from a baby sisters bank, ended yesterday when their bodies were found in a field scarcely a mile from the sunny front yard in which they last had played with their dolls. The sisters lay huddled toge ther in a shallow ditch under a eoverihg of brush and weeds which apparently had concealed them from the view of hundreds of volunteer searchers who some months aep aided police and de puty sheriffs in, a supposedly min ute inspection of the vicinity. Though their bodies were draped, their torn clothing indicated a struggle proceeded death, and the findings of a county autopsy sur geon were to the effect that the girls had been attacked and slain, probably by strangulation. legoncrnto (Suspected. Tangible clews to the identity of the slayer were lacking, but a dragnet was spread last night for a degenerate who last sum mer annoyed women and girls in that neighborhood. He is believ ed to be the same man who is sought for several recent attacks on small girls in other sections of tho city. This suspect is known to have enticed his victims into a small coupe, and one of the most definite clews on which the police worked when the Martin girls first were reported missing was given to them by a neighbor who said she had seen the sisters leaving a school playground in a coupe. While the grandmother of the girls, Mrs. Carrie Lovelace, was ! fected tholr escape with a pair of bottle of strychnine. being taken to the spot where wire cutters making a hole In aj How or when the poison got their bodies lay, to identify them by their clothing, another little girl, younger than cither of the slain, faced Superior Jude Gates In another part of the city and i reported a sensational story in- volving her tn the alleged mur der of two Infants and an adult and attempts to murder several other persons. She was seven years old Alsa Thompson, brought before the judge for investigation as to her sanity as the result of her "con fession" to police last Monday that she had fed ground glass to her twin sisters in Dauphin, Ma nitoba,, two vears ago; poisoned a woman with anti-pate here last year, and had attempted in recent weeks to poison memberiV'V rhe family with which she boarded by putting sulphuric acid from a ra dio battery in their coffee. Stand Ity CmifeNsioii. Besides Judge Gates, represen ( Continued on page six) World Enders Await Chariots 'of Heaven Tomorrow for Joy Ride to Gambol With Brides of the Lamb K-I.IH it t-ma wirM I YOHK. Feb. S Praying. I NEW fn-tln.. an, I ,l !,... I Seventh Uay Adventipts of Long Island todav are awaiting tho end of the "world, which they think is coming tomorrow. They are lrd hy Robert Beldt. who calls hiiusi'lf the "Apostle of Doom." The party Includes men. women and chililrnn an(t a family of four Trews. Most of them have roIU their worldly good--, evn part of their clothing, and are spending the lust few days subsisting on car- ret and water. They will Vo to a Mil top near Fapt Patohotttie tomorrow whence they expect to be takea In a cloud chiriot to Wood, near San Difeo. ("a! . wh'Te they say 14.000 "brides of the lnmb" will be gath ered, all o'her pfople will perish, according to their prediction. Plsacree meat from the head quarters of the Seventh !ay Ad renlisU organirjtJon in Washing- Million a Day 'ys ' Mm. Scott Durand, real "did farmer," and rich Chicago society leader, Is now "Wheat Queen," hav lng made $1,000,000 In one day In the unprecedented rise In the Columbus police today planned to price of wheat In which she was a question Ohio university students bull. She and her husband own wno ast weck WOrked in the an immense tarm at Lake Bluff, pharmacy dispensary from which and a mansion In Chicago. She de- capsules, gome of which contain clared she believed the price ol;ed poison, were used to fill pre- wheat weuld go even higher. (Attrtciatpd Pren lted Wlrf.) SAN FRANCISCO Feb. 5. Swift death in the on instance and speedy rocapture in the other have come as a climax to two at tempts by suspected rum smug glers and pirates to escape from the law in the San Francisco bay region within the last ten days. One climax came today when John O'Hagen, skipper, and John Mitch- am and James Baldes, members of the crew of the suspected rum runner Giulia, old time pleasure craft of Spanlnh royalty, were found early today by guards at the immigration station at Angel Island, huddled in a cove on the Island, wet and numb with cold, after they had broken out of the detention headquarters at the sta tion last night. The first escape attempt a week ago yesterday in tne euerai Building here resulted in the kill- ing of Ariel Eggers, suspected Canadian rum pirate, and a suc cessful daBh for freedom on the part of his brother and supposed fellow pirate, Milo Eggers. O'Hagen and his accomplices ef- thick screen in the rear of their quarters large enougn to squirm through. When found they were nearly up to their waists in the ooze in one of the shoals on the Hee side of the island, a half mile from the point of escape. They were completing a rough raft of lumber flotsam and ladders with a sand loaded ash can at each corner to give the crazy craft the necessary ballast. KxtemMraiieous Contest Todays An assembly will be held' at the high school this afternoon at 3 o'clock, at which an extempor aneous contest will be ,held be tween the four classes. The Jud ge! will be Mm. Hell. Dr. II. C, Church and J. E. McClintock. Re presenting the Seniors will be 1'atil Geddes, the Juniors, Carne lia Martin, the Sophomores, Myr tle Weatherford, and from the Freshman class" John Zimrick will speak. tn that tomorrow Is the decreed j,. ... ,..,.. t lt IlliliraiUlU I1H mil HI- fected the preparations of the Mule hand. Mrs. Margaret W. Rowen. leader of those who have fixed the date for tomorrow was denounced A train scheduled to leave Se hv the church leaders. It is the ward yesterday for Fairbanks, was contention of the Adventlst organl- held over to meet the consignment sallon that the date fixed by htrof serum. Train crews said they is extremely premature. lntended to cut the scheduled run- The seven plagues including nlng time of 4S hours to 14 hours, the great battle of Armageddon ,Thls would enable Roy 9. Darling, must come before the world's former navy flyer and agent of dtK"i. It is maintained by the main group or Advent. sta. But Reidt has made his predlc- lions In detnll. The period of structfoh. starting tomorrow mid- nlirht, will last for sev.n dnvs. he sav, with flrpt. disease hai'fone and pTtilence striking the earth at one time. It-ldt Is htmrelf no Inn per member of the Advntist church, He has sold his furniture to a sec preparations for the 900 mile ond hand dealer on condition that riight along the Vnlted Htales slg he may buy It back. Jnal corps telegraph route to Nome. I INVESTIGATORS : I HUNTFnRCI IIFRl . . 1 4 UN POISON CASE! i i : Strychnine Discovered By Dean in Dispensary of, Ohio University. FIRST IN 30 YEARS Motive Unknown for Giv ing Lethal Powder to Four Students, Caus ing Death to Two. f AimcliitMl Prww Loued Win.) COLUMUU3, Ohio, Feb. 6. serlptions written by the Univers ity student health service and which caused the death of at least one student and serious illness of several others. With every sup ply of the poison on the campus accounted for, the task the invest--, Igators faced was a three-fold one: To discover who gave out the capsules containing the poi son instead of ones containing the quinine, which closely resembles the poison: to find out, tf poss ible, the motive, if any, under lying the act; and, to uncover the source 6f supply of the poison. liellef that the poison was in tentionally placed In the capsules was strengthened yesterday by the finding of definite traces of the drug in the stomach of David I. Pusken, Canton, Ohio, who died Sunday. ; The only traces of the poison discovered were in a capsula in the possession of Timothy J. Mc Carthy, and evidence ot the poi son in contents In the stomach of George Thompson. McCarthy and Thompson are two of the three students taken most violently 111, and who have survived. A new bottle of strychnine, the presence of which was unknown. :was discovered late last night by (Dean Clair A. Dye In a recheck of tne dispensary stock. The bottle contained perhaps 75 grains of the polRon. 1 Dr. Dye, unable to sleep be- 'rause of the worrv occasioned bv the death of two students. onrof whom is known to have died of strychnine poisoning, returned to the dispensary shortly after mld i night and rechecked the entire istock. In a shelf out of sight in fl corner he found the hnlf fm,l there, Dr. Dye does not konw. He has been connected with the college of pharmacy for more than 30 years and he says that he has no recollection of ever having seen anv such bottle of strych- nine before. RELAYED TO NOME ANCHORAOE. Alaska. Feb. 5. Extensive preparations have been imade to rush 1.100,000 units of diphtheria anti-toxin scheduled to arrive In, Seward today on the steamship Alameda from Seattle to Nome where six deaths have been reported since the start of a diphtheria epidemic. I Five children have died from diphtheria. The cause of the I death yesterdav of Mrs. R. C. Me IDowell, wife of a Nome newspaper man. was not ascertained. Six persons were reported by Dr. Cur-- Ms welch of Nome, yesterday to have recovered and were awaiting release from quarantine. the department of Justice at Fair- ! Panks. ana his mechanician, Ralph T- Mockfe, to leave Nenana Satur- df-lay th fi0,000 units of the ser- the train crew pointed out. The remain'ng flDfl.OOO units of ser- m Is to be sent to Nome by mail dor teqms. Darling and fackle were to hop off fiom Fairbanks today for Nen- ; nna. where they are to-make final SPKXrtS 10c CARFARE TO 1'AV lc l.MUMK TAX. (A-notatnl Pro Uued win.) L03 ANGKLE8, Feb. B. Marie O. Tulles, clerk in a cake shop here, spent 10 cents in carfare to go to the collector of internal reve nue's office to pay her in come tax which amounts to roughly one cent. "Itang up your lantern, Diogenes." said the deputy collector who took the money. "Here is an honest taxpayer.' OF VALE Torrent 3 Feet Deep Sweeps Out Small Buildings and Railroad Bridge. NO LIVES ARE LOST Stores and Homes Carpeted With Silt Cattle and Sheep Drowned in the Valley. (Awoctatrd m Lm,T Wr.l VALE. Ore., Feb. 5. Flood wa ters which were reported to have washed out the,blg Irrigation dam on Bully Creek, 19 miles west of here, swept over Vale this morn ing at 6 o'clock with a roar and within an hour th& enllre town was under three feet of runulng water. Boards, brush. siubii umiumgs ana retuse were carried away through the streets and open spaces on the crest of the flood. Store buildings and olher houses Invaded by silt, lnden waters to a depth of from a few Inches to two feet. Reports received here indicated that melting snow and rains up the valley filled the irrigation dam on Bully Creek to overflowing, and that the clam went out under the strain. The entire backed up water poured In a tremendous rush down the valley. , The railroad bridge on the Vale - Burns branch of the Oregon Short Line two miles west of Vale went out. and the approaches of the highway bridge which parallels It across Bully Creek, were washed awav. but the main span was still standing this morning. No report of fatalities had been received here this morning but the property damage will be large. A great manv sheep and cattle were reported drowned In the valley west of Vale. ONTARIO, Ore.. Feb. 5: The town of Vale, county seat of Mal heur county. Oregon, was flooded today, two bridges were washed out. buildings were lifted from their foundations, and olher dam age done as the result of the breaking of an Irrigation dam on Bully Creek, according to reports telephoned here today from Vale Possible loss of life In the flooded district near Vale was Indicated but not confirmed In first reports. The Information from Vale came In a telephone call from W. Brown of the Malheur Enterprise who said he was sluing on his desk completely surrounded by water. A stream a foot deep was running through the streets of ! TOWN FLOODED WHEN 1 If Vale, he said. The Oregon Short and highways today reported ad Llne bridge and a wagon bridge ! versely on house bill 12.1, which near Vale were reported washed I would prevent stock from running (Conllnued on page s (Continued on page 6 ) Suneriority Complex of Male Students Peeves Co-Eds; Colored Students Riot Over Spooning Ban GREELEY, Col., Feb. B. The State teachers college co-eds are aroused today over the prospects of "dateless" evenings through the formation by most of the pro- mlnent males of the campus today of the misogynist fraternity. ine otijects of the association are a complete curtailment ot 'da tes' among Its members. every candidate for admission required to swear that he believes 'association with women is weuk- lening; that women are merely wolves In sheep's clothing: they use foul play In snaring men ; and ;that there Is little under the cos- jmetics." The novice also Is re- jfjufred to swear that he believes .only In love of the Platonic kind, Negro HtudenU "llmigli-lfnii'M" the Ompus; Five In Jull. NASHVILLE, Tenn., Feb. 6. Five students of Ffske Pnlverslty. negro Institution, were held in jail ( STONE CONFIRMED Washington, Feb. 5. The senate late today con firmed the nomination of Attorney General Stone to be justice of the supreme :ourt WORK FOR HEADSMAN HANOVER, Germauy. Feb. 5. The court of appeals has rejected the appeal of Hans Grans, accom plice of Friedrlch Haarman, known as the "human vampire,' onvicted of the murder of 26 per sons, mostly young men. Both men wilt be beheaded shortly. BATCH OF BILLS HOUSE 'S Protection Off Beaver in Douglas Fisher's Stock Bill Signed. TAX DATES CHANGED Pierce Assured of Enough Votes to Sustain Veto Soldiers Home to Get $83,000. STATE HOUSE, Salem, Ore. Feb. B. In two hours of steady grinding this morning the house passed a long grist of its own bills. ' ' House bill 200 authorizing dls- 'trint Irrigation boards of dlreclors to ,.ntPr mt0 contract with the federal government for the con struction of works delivery and distribution of waters, passed. The measure, if It becomes a law ,wlll apply particularly to the Baker, Vale and Owyhee projects, accord ing to Oakes. It will also make It possible for other districts In tho future to take advantage of gov ernment co-operation. Use of vegetable fats In the man ufacture of condensed milk would be prohibited under house bill 361 which was. passed. Killing and trapping of beaver 1 In counties east of the Cascade imountalns and the most of those ,ln Western Oregon would be pre- vented In house bill 337 passed. In certain sections of DouglaB county killing would be permitted, also In Clatsop and Columbia coun ties. The exceptions are made in those sections where the , animals destroy dikes. Property owner or renters would be permitted to trap or kill the animals whenever they dam age property. The Coqullle river will be closed tn seining If house bill 114 passed by the house becomes a law. The senate passed senate bill 16 changing from Anrll 5 to May 5 and from October fi to November 5 the dates on which taxps are due. Senate Mil 34 passed by the sen ate would give the secretary of isthte authority to employ all the I""1" the slate traffic depart- ment instead of dividing that au hority with the slate highway de partment. The bill fixes the num ber of officers at not to exceed 25. The governor today signed three bills Including house bill S3, Fish er, relating to livestock running iat large In Douglas county. The house committee on roads today on charges of Inciting to riot with Dr. K. A. McKenile, pre- sldent of the university, named as prosecutor, following a demon- stratlon hy 100 students against the president last night. Others taking part In the demonstration were given an opportunity to sign paper condemning the disorder. or to leave chool and get out of Nashville today. The disorder was said to have been the result of Dr. McKenzl's insistence In an address that the PASSES GRIND rule prohibiting male and female students from walking together on the campus or streets mut Ije strlctlv observed. The students Tegan firing pis- tols from the windows of Llvlnit- ton Hail last night. Later they went out on the campus and. Ur. McKenzle said, engaged in various kind of disorder, until the police appeared. STUDENT BODY TAKES Expresses Preference for Site for Proposed New School Building. WILL DONATE $1,360 Want Location That Will "Admit of Greater Ex pansion in Future for . Better Schools. Evidence of th Interest shown by the local Student Body associa tion of the high school of this city Is the fact that at a meeting held this morning resolutions were adopted to the eTfect that the treasury of this association will be emptied to the extent of $1,360 to be used by the school board for the nurpose of improving the West Roseburg site, known as the Bel lows tract, should the voters at the election to be held next Saturday afternoon approve the west side school site. The association, com nosed of high school students, feel that the foregoing property will give the school district the privi lege of building for the future-, and with this view In mind are anxious to lend all assistance possible in a financial way to Accomplish what they think is the best move In the direction for better school facilities for Roseburg. . Following are the resolutions al most unanimously adopted at their meeting this morning: Whereas. We, the younger gener ation, are the ones most vitally af fected in the selection of a school site, since; first, manv of us will attend the school, and, second, It will eventually devolve upon us to pay a larpe part of the cost, we, the student bodv association of the Roseburg high school feel that H Is appropriate at thiH time to exnress our opinion relative to the choice of a school site. Therefore, be H "Resolved. That the student bodv association of the Roseburg high school po on record as strongly In fnvor of the Bellows tract for the school site not simnly because R Is better situated for ethletlc pur noses but because the Bellows tract srlves opportunities for future ex pansion, making the ultimate cost lower and also because R affords rreatr ef'lclencv bv the elimina tion of nolsn now almost onstnt from the ndlacent rnllrond yards. And. therefore, be R further "Resolved. That In nort our stand, we. the student bodv assocln- tlon of the Roseburg h(rh school, In the event of the selection of the Bellows tract for the school site, aerep to turn over to the school bonrd one fbouserd three hundred and sixty dollars, the sum .of our original Lauretwood fund, to be used In th establishment of the school as the school board may see fit." FUCTI T J MsawvUtl Prea Wl ) PFKINO. Feb. B. China's uni fication conference by which It wss hoped that Internal factional strife In the empire would end, to day was headed toward the babel of misunderstanding, before It had formallv organized. The basis of misunderstanding was repealed today when the ad herents of Dr. Run Yet-Sen, tiad of the government of South China. Issued a manifesto In the name of the people's party, declining to participate In the conference be cause It had not taken Dr. Sun's nlnn for a people's conference as a basis for the reorganization of the Chinese government. Dr. Sun, who has her-n critical ly 111 here since he was operated unon about ten davs ano, propos ed, according to his adherents, that the people" conference should be held after a preliminary meeting had been held by Chlnene leaders gathered In Peking. This plan, the manifesto savs, had re ceived assurances of support throughout the co"ntry, whereas the same sources have not ex pressed a like faith In the confer enee which was called by the pro visional government and attempt ed an organization meeting on last Sunday. No meetings have been ACTION SCHOOL SITE No Wedding Bells MRff JEAX KA?h The expected wedding ot Mrs. Jean Nash, "best dressed woman In Europe," to Mohammed Sabet Bey, of Cairo, Egypt, was called off at the last moment In the EfTPtlaa capital. Mrs. Nash, a New York City woman, bad been married three times before and had de clared the would never marry again. She baa been In confer- c w Irig a with hia attorneys and may bring a suit against Mohammed, al leglog he jilted her. SEES BENEFITS AISCOIERENCE (AaMvUtM PrM wA Wtr-.) TOKIO, Feb. R. Presumably replying to the recent crltlchm heard at home and abroad con cerning .Trip fin's foreign policies and relations, Baron, Shidehara, minister of foreign affairs, uns wered his opponents todav on tho third anniversary of the Washing ton arms conference. 'The Washington arms confer ence Baron Shidehara said, 'put. an end to competition between na tions in the building of capital ships. Had the building of these ships continued unchecked until now, a disagreeable international situation would have developed. "The conference also has re moved the unfounded susnlclor'S, nt one time current, regarding tho Intentions of Japan in China and elsewhere and her sincerity has been made manifest to the most captious critic. "In the Pacific, the cloud of unrest which had gathered at one time, have given way to an at mosphere of peace, friendship and mutual co-operation. The nlnj power treaty relating to China, through force of circumstances, has failed of ratification thus far by some signatories, but the basic principles hav been actually ac cepted and followed by .Japan and doubtless by other nations Inter ested.' Baron Shidehara said the Wash ington conference will always hold a hlth place in the annalri of the world; tho new spirit was born there. "We have only to go forward In the same sensible frame of mind to obtain still greater ad vantages In International rela tions," the baron concluded. Mr. fl'nd Mrs. George Reynolds spent the day here todoy attend ing to biiHlncHR matters and visit ing with friends. Thev reside nt. Cleveland and returned homo this evening. Cleaver Names "Unsympathetic" County Officers to Senator Eddy; Indictment Against Him Quashed (kwncmt4 pre. Lw! wirt. (Grant; Low of Klamath: former TTATK 1IOHSK, Halem, Ore., j Sheriff Wilson of Clackamss, and Feb. u. The Inst shred of evi- . Bower of Marion. District St dence and tcstlmonv was gather- j torneys named as not being en- ed up bv Iho prohibition depart ment Investigating committer yes- Iterdav. when Georce L, Cleaver, prohibition commissioner, wns again on the stand. He submitted In writing a statement In refuta tion of all previous testimony damaging to his ense. The committer will now betcin to formulate Its conclusions. The first session will he held Iste to day. Newspaper men will be ex cluded. Senator Kddv questioned Cleav- er at length about his political ac- 1 tlon dropped. tlvlty. In the main he denied po- I Judge Hean, before entering the lltlcal activity in the counties jorder of dismissal inquired upon thonrh he admitted that he hsd (what grounds the department of urired tht some one be golten in Justice reached It decision not to the field flgnlnnt Denton G. Bur- l prosecute the esse. And Mr. By dick. non said It was because Mr. Cleav- Aiked to name sheriffs In Ore-,er acted In good faith. gon who do not enforce the pro- The Indictment charged Cleaver hibltlon lw. Cleaver named for-j with violation nf the treaty with mer Sheriff Zoeth Ilouser of Urn- i Great Britain regarding liquor traf atllla county; Cy Bingham of j fie CAVE VICTIM ENTOMBED BY RISING FLOOR No Further Hope of Rescue by Natural Passage, Now Completely Sealed. - NEW PLAN DEVISED, Machinery Is Being Hastily Assembled to Tunnel Down Distance of Fifty Feet. (Awoclttml Prtm Lested Win.) CAVE CITY, Ky., Feb. 5. Floyd Collins has been completely en tombed in hia sand cave priBon 150 feet underground by a rise In the floor of the cave, and all hope of escape through any natural paa suke has been abandoned. Four trips into the cave have convinced a geologist, coal miners and military authorities In charge ot the work that -their only chance to reach Collins Is by sinking a shaft from the top of the hill and' endeavoring, to tunnel to the Im prisoned man. Any attempt to mine Into the cave probably would be fatal to Collins, it was agreed, but th plan was adopted as a last resort and Major W. II. Cherry( the gov ernor s agent, has been dispatch ed in an automobile with instruc tions to get mine machinery wherever any could be found. The slow rising of the floor within the cavern began shortly after midnight. A rescue crew which entered at one a .m. found that the floor ap parently had swelled from below at the innermost "squeeze" only a , n-w idhi i ruin VsUiiuia. Returning to the surface, the miners who composed the detail made their report to Brigadier Oeneral H. H. Denhardt, In charge of the work, and Denhardt sum moned W. D. Funkhouser, head of tho geological department of tha University of Kentucky, who ar rived yesterday. After a conference it was agreed that the miners should re-enter the cave for a second observation with a view of determining whether the movement of rock . could be stopped. Meanwhile, hose In charge of' the work with held knowledge of what had oc curred. An hour later the miners reap peared at the surface and hurried to Oeneral Denhardt and his con ferees In one of the tents near 1h entrance. The floor had continu ed to rise during the hour, they re ported. Passage Becomes Tomb A third trip revealed that the slow rising had continued and when the miners emerged after their fourth underground visit they told (leneral IVnhardt that the passageway had been com- pletely sealed. There had been no more rock falls or cave-Ins, It was stated. The swelling apparently had lifted solid rock from the floor to the roof of the cavern. This action closed the passugeway for a long distance and may have crushed Collins If It extended that far. Inasmuch as a considerable por tion of the cave leading from the entrance townrd the prisoner still remains undisturbed, however, be lief was expressed that Collins mlpht still be alive. The movement took place Just (Continued on page eight) forcers of the law were Truesdale of Grant and Moore of Jackson. Charges Are Dropped PORTLAND, Feb. 5. The fed eral Indictment against George L. Cleaver, state prohibition commis sioner In connection with his raid In December on the Rrltlsh steam er London Merchant, was dismis sed today by Federal Judge C. E. IVan. on motion of Assistant Unit ed States Attorney Allan O. Iiy non. who said the department of Justice had dropped the prosecu-