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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (March 17, 1907)
TIIE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX. TORTLAXD' MARCH 17, 1!M)7. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. VT INVARIABLY IK ADVANCE.' "SJ (By Mall.) Pilly. Sunday Included, on year S0o Dally, Sunday Included. six months.... 4 25 Dally, Sunday Included, three months. tslly. Sunday Included, one montA... rally, without Sunday, one year Jbally. without Sunday, six month.. -.. tally. without Sen. lay. three montha. -taiy, without Sunday, one month Sunday, one year. Weekly, one year (Issued Thursday).. Sunday aad Weekly, one year..., BY CARRIER. rAHy, 6unday included, one year .. -Pally. Sundae Included, one month... 3.25 .71 00 .1 25 1.7S .60 X.60 1.50 3. SO S.00 .75 HOW TO REMIT Send poatofflee money order, expreig order or personal check on your local bank. Stampe. coin or currency are at the aendere rlik. Give postofflce ad areas m full, Including county and state. POSTAGE bates. Entered at Portland, Oregon, Poitofflo a Second-Class Matter. 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P.. 3735 Lancaster ave nue; Penn News Co. New York City Tj. Jones & Co., Astor House;; Uroadtvay Theater News Stand. Buffalo. y. Walter Freer. Oaklund, Cal. W. H. Johnson. Four teenth and Franklin streets; N. Wheatley; Oakland News Stand; Hale News Co. Ogden D. U Boyle, W. G. Kind. 114 Twenty -firth street. -. Hot Springs, Ark. C. N. Weaver & Co. Omaha Barknlow Bros., 1012 Fainam: lls-froath Stationery Co. Sacramento, Cat, ;Sacramento News Co., 4HB K street. . . ' Salt Lake Moon Book & Stationery . Co. ; Rosenfeld & Hansen. ' . . I-s Angeles B. K. Amos, manager seven strert wagons. San Diego B. E. Amos. I-ong Beach, Cal B. E. Amos. Pasadena, al A. K. Horning. fort Worth. Tex. Fort Worth Star. San i-Tam-JM-o Foster & Orear. Ferry News Stand; Hotel St. Francis News Stand; J-., i-arent: N. Wheatley. f.oldrleld, Xerv. Ixtuie Pollln. J-ureka, Cal Call-Chronicle Agency. Norfolk, Va. Krugg & Gould. I'lue Beach, V. W. A. Cosirrove. I'ORTUSD. SITNO.VY, MARCH 17. 1903 ST. PATRICK. The old song asserts that "St. Pat rick was an Irishman," but It is mis taken. He was a Scotchman. The father of Irish Christians and the foe of Irish snakes was an alien In the land where he did his work and' won his glory. Sixteen years of his boy hood he passed upon the hills and moors where Bruce and Wallace fought afterward for freedom and Burns sang his undying songs. Then the pirates who ravaged the outlying. -wrecks of tho Roman world seized hint and sold him to a chieftain of Ulster. The man who was to light the fires of consola tion and hope for the long tragedy of Irish, history served, six years in slav ery tending his master's flocks. When he finally escaped, he fled to a French monastery. . In those davs for a man who would- neither be a slave nor a warrior there was no other ref ugfe The world ran with olood and shuddered with perpetual crueltv. While Rome was dying, the savage hordes from the pagan North rioted in her impotent shame. Literature per Isned. Art was extinguished. All the grand memories of the classic world faded. There was no place upon earth except for the warrior; his followers and his serfs. The monasteries alone were left, like oases In a desert of uni versal ruin. There the wisdom of Soc rates and the measures of Virgil were preserved for future times, and there alone the teaching of the Man who had died in Judea was remembered. Patrick found refuge in a monastery. and when the time was ripe, he re turned to the Island where he had been a slave -to preach the gospel. St. Patrick spoke with the tongues of men and angels. The wovd of God went forth from his mouth like a two dged sword and mowed down the pop ulation like grass. John Wesley tells or preaching: to ten and twenty thou sand people in those English Summers when he brought "back the Christian religion to his paganized countrymen. Patrick must have 'preached to a whole nation. Twelve thousand converts were baptized with his own hands. He founded monasteries, churches, schools. While the rest of the world groaned in a misery that seemed beyond all hope. Ireland rejoiced in the reign of the Kingdom of God. Literature flour ished. Poems were written. From the jrreen shorts whence our times have heard little but the wail of injustice there went forth missionaries to all Kurope, and Irishmen preached the gos pel of love to a world, where love had oeased to be even a memory. Those were the great days of Ireland. Lost mid forsotten as the story is in its retails, we can gather from what is told of Patrick by the children of the people whom he redeemed what a man cf power he must have been. The poor peasants will tell one how he raised twelve men from the dead, how he honied the sick, how the storms were hushed at his word. He is a racial hero of the Celts. The schools that Patrick founded are no more. The poem's that he inspired are remembered in the huts of for lorn peasants, but th-j world has for gotten them. Irishmen still win glory on tho battlefields of Europe and make their mark in the senates of the world, but on the emerald fields of their own sad country thery lead no armies, and the eloquence of her statesmen is but a mournful echo among the ruins of her capitals. Rut the religion that Patrick taught still lives, and for five hundred years It has been almost the only con solation of Ireland in the perennial tale of her miseries and wrongs. In Cher countries the church has some times allied Itself with the tyrant against tho poor: In Ireland the church bus eurrered equally with the peasant. His wrongs have been hers. The woes of race hatred have entered, into her soul. The. heel of the oppressor has been upon her neck as Well as upon tho serfs. Suffering with him.- she has been his friend, his comforter, his stay: ami with him she has looked steadfastly to another world for the happiness which this one seemed for ever to deny. Therefore, the Irishman loves the church as it is loved nowhere else in the world. ' The Irish priest hood is of the soil, near and dear to the people. It is born and nurtured anions; them. It brings them into the world, comforts them through life, and goes with them down into the chill and darkness of death. From race hatred have sprung the woes of Ireland. Race hatred, that most cruel, relentless and bitter of human passions, has blighted the prom ise of her genius, desolated her fields and exiled her population. Once a law was enacted in England making it a crime for an Englishman to inter marry with the Irish. Doubtless when it was passed there was much talk in London about the necessity for pre serving the race purity of the Anglo Saxons. It was set forth how terrible it would be to degrade the noble quali ties of the superior people by misce genation with the inferior Celt. There was discourse most learned and edify ing a. bo ut the inherent servility of .the Irish. It was pointed out that the shape of their heads, the contour of their noses, the intonation of their voices, marked' them as a race designed by Providence to serve forever the lust and . greed of their English conquer ors. Always when a stronger race has wished to give plausibility to the plun der of a weaker one, this talk has been heard. Its cruel hypocrisy is the per petual shame of mankind. When churches and senate' halls begin to re sound with orotund utterances about "pure Caucasian blood," and "the grea white race." the "white man's burden" and his "God-given mission." then Ie the weak beware and the helpless call upon Heaven for mercy, for there is robbery in the air. Passion and greed are preparing for an org-. "Big In dian" was the song of the savage Iro quois when he set out to scalp and burn. "Xoble white man." is the chant of the white when he lets loose his sav agery upon, the weaker- peoples of the world. The burden that the Englishman has borne to the Irish has been extor tion and cruel wrong. The burden that the white man has borne to the bronze man and the black Is whisky, lust and disease. When we cease to boast of our race nobility and begin to cul tivate the qualities that make men and races noble, then we. shall at last have set our feet in .the road, that leads to pea e, ; happiness and justice. KNt.AR.GING OREfiOS, IDEAS. Oregon seems in a fair way to lose its position as leader in the adoption of modern ideas in state government. Oklahoma's new constitution, which will unquestionably be adopted, in cludes practically al! the features re cently added to Oregon's fundamental law, and also contains some provisions more advanced than Oregon has yet adopted. "More advanced" is used with some hesitation, for It remains to be rroven by experience whether the most modern ideas are the most advanced. Nevertheless, since the new constitu tional provisions were adopted "by the Oklahoma convention after careful con sideration of present-day conditions and needs and with that full access to the wealth of Information made possi ble 'by rapid transportation and com munication and by the multiplicity of books and papers upon political prob lems. the presumption may fairly be granted in favor of the action of the convention. The Oklahoma .constitution contains sevei-al provisions gnera-Hy deemed to be more appropriate for statutory rec ulatlon .than for incorporation in the tumiameniai law. Among tnese are the direct primary, the 2-cent passenger rare, appointment of Senate commit tees, fellow-servant law, legal Tate of interest,' and the section prohibiting railway companies from owning apy productive agency of a natural com modity. The Insertion of provisions upon these subjects Is one more evidence of the growing distrust of legislatures. The members of the convention felt that the people want and- need laws of the kind mentioned, that there might be delay in securing- them at the hands of the Legislature and that it would save the trouble of resorting to the initiative if they were inserted In the consti tution. The direct primary clause of the Oklahoma constitution provides tlso for a popular indorsement of can didates .for United States Senator, thus practically insuring direct election of Senators in that state. The clause re garding appointment of Senate com mittees makes the Lieutenant-Govern or presiding officer. of the upper house. rut deprives him of the power to ap point committees. The Senate will se lect its own committees. While this will open the way for trading, the sys tem will be no more open to abuse of that kind than is the existing system in. Oregon, which . encourages- the organ ization of the "Senate- by promises of committee appointments. Xo other constitution goes as far as does that drafted in Oklahoma in re striction of corporations, and yet there is apparently no limitation that will hamper the legitimate operations of a useful corporation. Ownership of land in excess of needs for corporation pur poses is prohibited, thus preventing speculative ownership, such as hin ders development in many states where large grants have been made. Oklahoma will ooine into the Union with the most stringent prohibition clause adopted by any state that has attempted to exterminate the liquor traffic. The constitution not only pro hibits manufacture and sale, but also introduction of liquor into the state. Oregon has been In recent years the center of attention from those Inter ested .in the practical operation of modern political ideas. Tt is quite likely that we shall be compelled to yield first place to the .new Southern state. FOR AX INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. Within a short time petitions bearing a very large number of signatures will be presented to the Portland Board of Education asking that an industrial school, which shall teach the impor tant mechanical trades, be established as a part of the city's common school system. An outline of the plans and purposes, together with a statement of the spirit of the proposed institution. is published on page 42 of this issue of The Oregonian. There is growing need for industrial schools in every city; Portland is no exception. Whether it is better that these should be founded and conduct ed by .private philanthropy than from public funds is a debatable question. Thus far. no citizen, living or dead, has made provision to teach hoys use ful trades. The magnificent 'bequest of Simeon G. and Amanda W. Reed will not be devoted to this end. In these circumstances a start must be made under public auspices. If Portland is to have such a school. Should ben- efactions come from the rich, who can not take their money into another world, so much the better for the boys who want to learn a trade and for the general good of the community. The Oregonian 'believes that the movement will meet small, if arty, op position from the taxpayers of School District No. 1. It can be given a trial at an expense which no one will feel. Public-spirited citizens who . have launched the movement will not ask for a permanent building until expe rience shall have shown the necessity for it. Rented quarters, a "plant," to be supplied at moderate cost, and skilled instructors, will suffice to dem onstrate the practical value of an in dustrial school. "If the experiment proves the claim that demand exists for the school. Portland may be relied on to tax itself in its fullest support. WAI.I. STREET HAD A JJTTI.E LAMB. Wall street is an enchanted forest inhabited ' by three species -of wild toeasts bulls, bears and lambs. The lambs In that- forest bear fleeces of gold, and shearing them is the occupa tion of bath the bulls and- bears. When the lambs are thoroughly shorn, then the bulls and bears amuse themselves by fighting over the fleeces. Shares of stock are the counters in the game. 1 ne most striking characteristic of the lamb, as everybody knows, is his docility and innocence. No matter how often his rapacious shepherds shear him. he is always ready, nay, eagar to be shorn again; and to the voice of the bulls and- bears his obedience is unwavering. When they tell him to sell his stocks he sells; when they tell him to buy ne Duys, and never for his own profit, but always for that of the bulls and bears. Such continual sacrifice of his selfish interest to that of his shepherds marks the lamb as the most devoted, of; Christians, but hardly the wisest. The j.bulls toss stocks upward with t&ejr thorns; the bears -'drag them downward with their paws. But these animals have the magical . power of transforming themselves one into the other, so that the bull becomes a bear when he wishes, and the bear a bull, but neither ever becomes a lamb. The game runs in this wise: The bears set up a howl that there is a great panic about to descend upon the' coun try. The lambs prick up their silly -ears and listen. They become scared and begin to pour their stocks into v all street. Prices go down and down. And the faster prices go down the harder the lambs work to force them lower by continually offering their property at less than it is worth. The bears lick their chops and wait, assid uously singing the song of the coming panic. By and by, when the panic has been produced toy continually prophesy ing it and the stocks are as low a they can be, the bears gobble them up. Thus endeth the first shearing. Then the bears transform themselves into bulls andi begin the second act. Now they prophesy prosperity, good times and full dinner pails. Again the lambs prick up their ears and listen. Their courage returns. They dream of sudden wealth, and begin to buy stocks, or try to Tuy them. This creates a de mand .which ever intensifies as the song of prosperity grows louder and sweeter. Ravishing to the ear of the lamb is the melody of the bull as he hymns his enchanting lay. The demand raises the price of stocks, and- the more the little lamb buys the higher they go and the- more melodiously doth the bull bellow his ditty. Thus the lamb buys back at continually increasing prices what he sold at the bottom notch, and this is the second shearing. The bear gathers his fleeces as the price goes down; the 'bull, as it goes up. In both cases the golden harvest comes from the meek and lowly Iamb. He has too little sense to sell when prices . are high and buy when they are low. He always does precisely the opposite of what he ought to do, and, therefore, he is always a victim. The bears can gorge themselves at almost any time 'by roaring panic, as they are doing now. The purpose of such a roar is never in the least obscure or doubt ful: but the lambs will never learn the open secret. Panics are produced 'by roaring about them, arid they are al ways produced to enable the bears to buy in stocks at panic prices. This is the plain and unmistakable object of the current outcry; but it is proba bly entirely useless to tell the Innocent amb to disregard the uproar and hold on to his property. He will do exactly what the plutocratic bear wants him to do, and then he will bleat pitifully over the consequences. Why does he do it? Because he la a lamb. OXE'S PARTY OBLIGATION. State Senator Cotterill's protest against that feature of the Washington direct primary law which requires a voter to declare his party affiliation is based upon a misconception of the pur pose of a prima ry election. He asserts that this law "imposes a test which bars the door against the independent voter" and that . in "requiring a dis closure of party affiliation it violates that fundamental American principle, the secrecy of the ballot." He says that the law disfranchises the inde pendent voter at the direct primary, but, notwithstanding this vital defect. he chose to support it as a step in advance of the old convention system. The objection made by Senator Cot- terill is one that has been made by a very few men in every state where a direct primary law has been proposed. The objection would net or ought not to be made by one who fully under stands the nature and purpose of a primary election. A primary contest Is held for the purpose of selecting par ty candidates. Before the enactment of primary laws, each party held its primaries separately, and under such rules as it might adopt. Republicans held their primaries on one day, and Democrats heldi theirs on another. In dependents held no primaries whatever, for they have no organization. An independent is one who acknowledges no party fealty, "but who lets others name the candidates, while he wields the balance of power by voting for those candidates at the general elec tion who suit him best, regardless of party. Under former systems a man was compelled to" declare his party affilia tion in order to participate in a party primary. He may not have been re quired to make a formal declaration, but he could' not go to a Republican primary and ask the privilege of voting therein without practically declaring himself a Republican. A Socialist who would go Into a Democratic primary to help nominate' Democratic candidates would be dishonest, for he has no right there. He should help nominate So cialist candidates, and those only. The same is true of Prohibitionists. They have no right in a Republican or a Democratic primary', -for. although a man may -be a Republican and still be lieve in temperance and prohibition of the liquor traffic, he' cannot be a Re publican if he is a member of the Pro hibition party and intends to support Prohibition candidates That is where the line must be drawn." Only Repub licans should participate in selection of Republican candidates. Only Prohibi tionists should take part in selection of Prohibition candidates. One of the evils, of-the old system was that unscrupulous bosses in charge of political machines voted men of one party in the primaries of another, so that the candidates were not in fact the choice of the members of the party The direct primary. If properly -ob served, will avoid -this evil. When Democrat appears In the direct primary election and asks for a Republican bal lot he must swear, if challenged, that he Intends to affiliate with the Re publican -party and generally to sup port , Its candidates. . Such a require ment is reasonable and right. No ni3 should be.: compelled" to affiliate with any particular party or to support th candidates of any particular party, but unless he intends to do so, he should keep out of party primaries. For a Democrat or an independen to go into a Republican primary to select Republican candidates would be on a par with the stockholders of on corporation going into a. meeting of another corporation to help select its officers, or atheists going to a Presby terian Church to help elect its board of trustees. They would have no rlgh there. . . No man in the State of Washington Is actuated by higher purposes tha Senator Cotterill. No man has higher ideals of public duty. If all citizens were as honest and as fearless as he there would "be no need for laws guard .ing against frauds in elections. But he has an erroneous idea of the prov ince of. a direct primary election. - His plan of a -jblanket -ballot In primary elections would permit bartenders to select candidates for a Prohibition par ty, of whidh he himself would not ap prove. t THE WEIGHT OF THE SOUL. ne soui is euner material or 1mm a tenai. if it is immaterial, we are not likely to know much about it for long time to come. If it is material, the case is not quite so hopeless. W may perhaps find some way to analyze it into gases. We may even toe able to liquefy it under proper- conditions of temperature and pressure, as we do the air.- An optimist has gone so far as to prophesy that liquid souls will be for sale on the streets before a great while for the supply of corporations which lack that essential element. If he is right, we may predict a happy time when corporations -will no longer De soulless. At present these anomal ous creatures resemble Undine not only in naving no immortal part, but also In their mysterious power over -water, Delightful will be the day when we shall behold them entering upon the full estate of human 'beings without any water and with souls either to save or lose. Acting upon considerations of this nature, certain physicians, living near Boston, of course, have undertaken a series of experiments to determine the weight - of the soul. Its size will be measured later. They find by the use or a very accurate balance that the weight Is about half an ounce. How they do it is no mystery. The whole trick is to weigh a. man lust before and again just after he dies. The dif ference is naturally the weight of the soul, which has taken its flight at the instanlr'or expiration. Wonderful is science. The beauty and importance of this discovery entices one to enlarge upon it a little. Thus, what would all the souls in the world weigh if piled up in a solid mass? We have calculat ed it. We claim the immortal glory of finding the answer before any other eartniy beings. Taking the population of the earth at one billion, six hundred million, and tne weight of each soul at half an ounce, the whole weight of all the souls in the world is just twenty-five thou sand tons. If a ton of soul were worth a ton of gold, the entire market value would .be about e20.000,000,000, which is more than Mr. Rockefeller could con venlently raise at present, though he can do so If he keeps on a few years. It all tne souls in the world were con densed into a liquid as dense as water and frozen in the shape of a cube the length of the edge would be something less than a hundred feet. STRIKERS AND WORK. Because a man is on a strike is no reason why he should, be idle. If worker In a sawmill' believes that the attainment of his rights requires him to quit, it Is proper for him to do so. but while out of the mill he should not be out of employment entirely. There are numerous industries offering em ployment, and everywhere, there is de mand for labor. If saw-mills pay too little or exact too many hours, let some other occupation foe taken up. The con troversy between sawmill owners and employes is one which they are entitled to settle .between themselves, but the community has a right to expect every man to engage in some useful work. And in this there is no occasion for class distinction. The idle rich are as much to be criticised as the idle poor, To be on a strike does not necessarily mean to 'be idle. If a striker does not care to take employment for wages ne can at least keep himself well em ployed In improving his own home, fix ing his own broken fences and side walks, making a garden In his back yard, painting bis house, or doing oth er work which will make home more pleasant for himself and family, but which he has not been able to do when putting in full days of work in a mill. The world has no right to say that a man shall work in a certain mill or factory, but it does have' a right to say that he shall work somewhere, and when human laws are brought to per fection that right to control the action of Its members' will be exercised by or ganized society. . AMERICANS AND DIAMONDS. The United' States, in the past forty years, has purchased . South African diamonds to the value of JS25.0OO.OO0. This Is one-haTT the sum that has been realized for the entire output of the diamond miners of South Africa since their exportation began in 1868. This enormous sum represents only what importers have paid, and experts in the business say that the people of this country have paid at least twice that amount for diamonds during the period covered. . The latter statement is not improb able. Diamonds have come in a sense to be a necessity to Americans of the middle class. The young woman who works in a department store, or at a stenographer's desk, carries among her assets a diamond ring, for which she has paid, most likely, on the install ment plan. The clerk in the same store, or the roustabout in the same office, pays in the same way for a diamond "engagement ring" for the girl who has promised to marry hm and set up a home (?) -with him in an apartment house. The young wife of a man striving to get a foothold .in business looks forward to birthday or Christ mas in the hope, assured by many a. bint of her wish, of a brooch or brace let set with diamonds. She "really cannot be happy without it." she de clares, and her "happiness" is pur chased by an arrangement with the jeweler for a stipulated sum per month. In addition lo this large and yearly increasing number of Americans, men ana women, who wear diamonds, but cannot in Justice to themselves afford them, are the multimillionaires of the beef trust, the steel trust, the lumber trust, the Standard Oil trust, and the railway trust, who -buy diamonds by the peck. Get-rich quick Americans, and Americans who plod -painfully-toward fortune or bankruptcy thus combine to create a diamond market that equals that of, the entire world beside. The diamond has indeed come to be the symbol of equality among the American people one person hav ing as good a right, as another to wear it the only restriction, and that one that is not always observed, of the ability of the wage-earner to con trive ways and means to pay for this necessity of life and still keep his minor possessions, his household fur niture, for example, out of the clutches ofl the Sheriff. The woman with bare, shriveled el bows sticking out of a baggy muff; a neck and chest covered with goose flesh, and lace showing above a col- larless coat, and blue ankles and. in step showing through lace stockings loove low shoes, has been on daily parade throughout the severe weather in Chicago. New Tork and other Eastern cities during the past Winter. name Is multitude, and she scorns the syggestion that she is cold, though the man beside her .pulls up the-collar of his overcoat and stamps feet encased In Arctic overshoes to keep up the cir culation of his blood. Women thus cloaked in the extreme of folly called fashion are pointed out as evidence of the truth of the statement that "all the fools are not yet dead" Their ex treme of folly,, however, is sugges live of the fact that death by pneu monla or consumption will thin the ranks oft this special class before an other Winter an accounting that will bring very little loss upon the world either from the standpoint of the use ful or the ornamental. Pacific University pays tender tribute through its College Bulletin of March 15, to Rev. Myron Eells, an early grad uate of that institution and from 1876 to the time of his death a member of the board of trustees. Dr. Eells left among his effects a history in manu script of Pacific University, which, it is understood., will toe published by its Associate Alumni. Professor Thomas Condon is also remembered in the same bulletin, with a high tribute to his life, his work and his character. Three years of the earlier work of Dr. Con don as teacher were given to Pacific Ijniversity. and one year of his active young ministry to the Congregational Church and the people of Forest Grove. His life, says this record, "was a bene diction to all who knew him." Authorities at the Washington Agri cultural Experiment Station nelieve that the apple tree borer is one of the most dangerous pests threatening the apple-growing industry. The borer Is a worm about three-quarters of an inch long. The pests bore into the trunks of trees, particularly young trees, and kill them by interfering with flow of sap and by causing decay. The rem edy suggested by the Washington au thorities Is to scrape the trees, dig out the grub with a knife and wash the trunk with a solution of lye or a sim ilar preparation. An essential of suc cessful warfare upon this pest is prompt and thorough work in eradicat ing the borer. An ounce of preven tion is worth a pound of cure, as In fighting San Jose scale. An Austrian gets into the cablegram predicting dire results of war between the United States arid Japan. If mem ory be right, it was an Austrian who got aboard one of the battleships Just after the affair off Santiago, and, not ing the dirty Condition and the clean- ng-up process, asked if they had been having target practice. "Yep," replied a young . officer, pointing toward the Spanish wrecks. "Meln Gott!" elae- Ulated -the foreigner. This later Aus trian should apply for the job of naval attache If he wants to see things done on the Pacific. . The Salem Statesman celebrated a birthday last Monday. On the 11th of March. 1851, just a few months after The Oregonian saw the light. Arabel -Bush, then a young man from Aiassacnusetts, launched the enterprise at Oregon City. Since that day the Statesman has been a part of the gen eral life of the Willamette Valley, just as its founder, long ago, retired from Its management, has been a great fac tor in, the active life of the state. Innumerable hosts are hoping for a long continuance of the careers of both. It is shocking, of course, to learn that the female matadors who were teasing and torturing enraged bulls at the Juarez Plaza del Torres last Sun day afternoon, to make a Mexican holi day, were cruelly gored and tossed by tne iurious animals. The report of their injuries, however, causes a degree of horror rather than of sympathy. The odds were against the bulls and they were entitled to score if they could. Ex-Senator Burton will be released In a few days, after serving his six months' term in prison. He has en gaged an opera-house for March 23 and will address the people of his home -town, Abilene, Kan;, on that date Burton has fooled the people of his home town and state before, and evi dently thinks he can again. . Proba bly he cart, part of them. The number of railroad magnates to isit the White House and confer with President Roosevelt has -been reduced rrom tour to one. The railroad peode evidently remembered and heeded the old adage that too -many cooks spoil the broth. Harriman says the worst of the panic over. He has observed that the panic did not extend as far as the White House, and was consequently a failure. Rockefeller is getting ready to spread the light in China. Standard Oil will furnish It at so much per can. New Primary Law of Washington Klrat and Sfrd Choice on Important Officer. Xon-lrtlfMtM Jrtlclrr. I'wrtjr I'ledjc for United St a ten Srimtor, and lroMM tloa of Pnld e?v- pnper AdverllMinv, Are DIMlnWIve rrnti.rc-M-K.rfit Klrrtloa Voder 11 n I'rovlslona Wilt Br at Spokane April 23. W ASHTXGTON's new direct pr'mary law contains four features differ ent from provisions of primary lows adopted In Oregon and most other states. It provides for a first and second choice for all state and Congressional of ficers except I'nlted Siates Senator. Su preme Judge and members of the legis lature, when there are four or more can didates; It makes the judiciary nonparti san: it limits the pledge on fnlted States Senator ' to support of party candidate, and prohibits candidates from paying for newspaper advertising directly or indi rectly. There is some indication that this latter provision was not intended to be so sweepng. for the law permits a news paper to print political advertisements .if they are marked "Paid Advertisement." While the two seetons are not technically in conflict, they are for all practical pur poses, for, as a rule, money for political advertising is furnished by candWates. The direct primary law goes into effect at once and the first election under it will be the city election in Spokane. April 23. The Washington law applies to nom inations of candidates for all state, coun ty, municipal and precinct offices except Presidential Electors and officers in cities of the fourth class, which are the smaller municipalities. It does not apply to school districts, road districts, dyke districts or irrigation districts. The primary elec tion is to be held on the second Tuesday In September, to nominate candidates to be voted for at the November election. Persons desiring their names placed upon the nrlmary ballot must file declara tions at least 30 and not more than 60 days prior to the !ate of the primary election must pay a fee of 10, except that if the salary of the office desired exceeds 11000 the aspirant must pay in addition 1 per cent of the amount of salary over $1000. Tho declaration sets forth the candidate's party .affiliation, his residence and the office for which he desires the nomination. For state and district offices tho declara tion must -be filed in the office of the Sec retary of State. For county offices it must be filed in the County Auditor's of fice and for municipal offices in the Clty Recorder's office. Candidates for Judicial offices must not declare their party affili ation. X the direct primary, candidates are to be nominated for those parties which polled at the last preceding election 10 per cent of the total vote for any one of its candidates. A separate ballot is to be provided for each party and the names of candidates for each office are to be ar ranged on the ballot in the order the dec larations are filed and not In alphabetical order. After the name of each candidate for state and Congressional offices two square spaces are left, one being headed "first cnoice and the other "second choice." A vote for second choice is permitted only where there are four or more candidates. The provisions for expressing a first and second choice constitute the most lm portant feature, of the Washington law, for they make it -practically impossible for a man to toe nom inated with the support of only a small minority of his party. The law pro vides that when there are less than four candidates the one receiving a plurality of all votes cast shall be the nominee. When there are four or more candidates the one receiving a plurality shall be the nominee, provided he has received 40 per cent of the total of the first choice votes. If no candidate has received 40 per cent of the first choice votes, the successful aspirant Is to be determined by adding together the first and second choice votes for each, arid the man' having received the largest number of .these shall be the nominee. The effect of this feature of the law will be to diminish the chances of a man who has only a local following or who has strong opposition. The candidate who depends chiefly cpon his local strength or who has the opposition of a considerable number of the members of his partv. would get practically all his support In the form of "first-choice" votes. -With four or five candidates in the field he might be the highest and still be entirely unsatis factory to two-thirds or more of his party. If other candidates had a more general support and had no particular opposition they would receive both first and second- choice votes and quite likely one of them would win over-the man who had the highest number of first-choice .votes. In other words, the double choice increases the probability of the defeat of an unde sirable candidate who could not otherwise be defeated because the opposition had scattered its votes. The addition of the first and second-choice votes would dis close more nearly the real preference of the members of the party. Very frequent ly a voter ( will mark his ballot for a friend or. a local candidate, though his Judgment dictated another selection. When he has a chance to express a second hoice he would record his real preference as well as his choice based upon friend ship or local interest. This feature of the law' docs not apafy to candidates for county offices, members of the Legislature or candidates for In dorsement for United States Senator. HE Washington law provides for a I vote upon United States Senator in the primaries only, and not in the general election, so that a Republican candidate for Senator will not be pitted against a Democrat. The pledge a candidate for the Legislature may sign, if he chooses, is a declaration "to the people of the State of Washington, and particularly of my legislative district, that during my term of office I will always vote for the candidate for United States Senator who has received the hig-hest number of votes upon my party ticket for the position at the primary election next preceding the election of United States Senator." In case a candidate for the Legislature has signed such a declaration, there must be printed upon the ballot after his name the words "Pledged to vote for party choice for United States Senator." It is apparent that whether this feature of the law" shall have any effect will depend upon the course candidates, for United States Senator shall adopt. Any aggres sive candidate for Senator could probably make this an issue in a legislative elec tion Just as Mr. Bourne did in Oregon, and with greater ease, because the Wash ington pledge does not obligate a Repub lican to support a Democrat, or vice versa. Many of the refusals to sign "Statement No. 1" In Oregon were based upon the fact that It pledged a member of one party to vote for a member of another party if he latter should rcceivi popular indorsement. 7x t Washington law is contained In sec tions 28 and 29. Section 28 provides that no person shall, in order to aid or promote his own nomination, directly or indirectly pay, contribute or promise any money or val uable thing, except for personal expenses. Personal expenses are to include onlj traveling expenses, cost of writing, print ing and preparing for transmission anj letter, circular or other publication nol issued at regular intervals, whereby h states his position or views upon public or other questions: for stationery and postace. for telegraph, telephone and public messenger service, and for hiring halls. No person shall be competent tc qualify for any public office who :nall have, prior to the holding of any primary election, paid or promised to pay, direct ly or indirectly, in any manner whatso ever, to the owner, publisher, manager or representative of any newspaper, any money or other valuable thing for any article or published statement in a news paper, wherein the electors are advised or counseled to vote for such candidate, or his fitness or qualification for office are set forth, or his photograph or biog raphy are published. Section 29 makes it unlawful for any owner or employe of a newspaper or pe riodical to accept or agree to accept, for himself or another, directly or Indirectly, any money, gratuity or valuable consid eration for supporting the election or ad vocating the defeat or any candidate. Violation of this section Is punishable by fine of 1100 to 309, or imprisonment from 10 days to six months, it is provided, however, that nothing herein shall pre vent a newspaper or periodical from pub lishing any matter advocating the elec tion or defeat of an candidate, and re ceiving compensationHherefor, If such ar ticles have placed at the beginning In plain type of black-faced Roman capitals in a conspicuous place the statement "PAID ADVERTISEMENT." IT WILL be seen from this that a can didate is forbidden to pay for. news paper advertising upon any conditions, but a newspaper is permitted to accept advertising if it is marked as such. Such articles must be paid for by some person other than the candidate. It is alto gether probable that It was the inten tion to permit a candidate to pay for ar ticles printed In his behalf, provided they were marked "Paid Advertisement." but the language of the law does not permit such a construction. It might be re marked in this connection that under tha direct primary In Oregon no reputable newspaper published paid articles with out showing by the manner of publication that they were advertising matter, though not branded as such In as plain a manner as required by the Washington law. Within 10 days after a primary election each candidate for a nomination must fil a sworn statement of his expenses, show ing the amounts paid or promised. t whom and for what purpose. . It is made unlawful for anv nerann solicit from a candidate monev. llouor or other, thing of value to Influence his vote, or to be used by him to Influence votes. ior oi against any candidate or measura THE nonpartisan Judiciary feature of the Washington law Is one that is arousing considerable interest. . Candi dates for Supreme or Superior Judge must file declarations without specifying their party affiliation. All the names nf candidates are to be placed upon each of the party primary tickets in the order of filing and without party designation. If, then, there be three Republicans and two democrats running for the nomination for a Judgeship, all five names will appear upon the Republican primary ticket and upon the Democratic primary ticket, and tne voter must select from among them upon such information as he may pos sess. The candidato receiving the highest vote in the primaries is the nominee and the only one entitled to have his name placed upon the ballot at the general election. or course an Inde pendent candidate could run at the general election, but, since the pri mary election is a contest In which all . candidates have a chance, the Judge-' ship Is practically decided in the pri mary. At the general election the people will merely ratify the nomina tion. Only in case of a very objec tionable nomination would a primary nominee have any opposition in the general election. Candidates for judi cial offices will have but one cam paign to make, whereas all other can didates must make two. SINCE the direct primary law applies only to parties that polled a 10 per cent vote at the last election, independent candidates and candidates polling less than a 10 per cent vote must be nominat ed as they have been In the past. ' When a man goes to the polls to vote on pri mary day. he must declare what is his party affiliation, whereupon he will be given a ballot of the party if his choice. ' This prevents members of one party from selecting the candidates of another. In the general election the candidates are all on one ballot, and the voter need not de clare his party affiliation. So far as pri mary nominations are concerned. Inde pendents and members of small party or ganizations occupy the same position they always have, for they were never entitled to participate In primaries of the old par ties. When a voter has declared what party ballot he desires at the primary election, his right to that ballot may be challenged. In that case he must make oath or affirmation that he Intends to affiliate with that party at the next elec- tion and intends generally to support its candidates. The method of preparing ballots, can vassing returns, etc., is the same as at general elections. Wbate'er Befalls Me. Infi-ram Crockett. Whatp'pp of ajcony of heart be mine, Whate'er of labor ere my race la run.' Of weary darkness ere my day be done. I shall remember how the dear stars shine The mystic music of the wind and pine, The unspeakable glory of the passins; sun! The gossamers In looms of morning spun. And where I worshiped, the deep woodland shrine, l""shall. remember to my latest breath And may I hear the vesper sparrow sinfr In passinir. and behold, the sunset light Kven unto the very gate of death. And after that dear God. I pray thee bring These that I love uuto me through tils auihu