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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 9, 1908)
t jf ; THE 3I0RXIXG OKEGOXIAX, MTDXESDAY, DECE3IBER 9, 1903. . tTie theory that right mujt b done between r.ailons precisely as between individuals, and In our a'ttnn for the last 10 year we Itav la this matter proven our faith by our d-eds. V have behaved, and are behavln. toward otlirr nations, as In private life an honorable inan would be have toward hta fel- The commercial and material progreaa of the 20 Latin-American republic U worthy of the careful attention of the Congresa. No other section of the world has ahown a greater proportionate development of Ita forelKn trade during the last 10 year and none other haa more special claims on the Interest of the L'nlted Stated. It offers to day probably larger opportunities for the legitimate expansion of our commerce than any other group of countries. These coun tries will want our products In greatly In creased quantities, and we shall correspond Tnrly need theirs. The International Bu reau of tha American Republtfra la doing a useful work tnrniakinic these nations and their resources butter known to us, and In acquainting them not only with us as a people and with our purposes toward them, but with what we have ta exchange for t.ieir goods. It in an international institu tion supported by all the governments of the two Americas. Good PnKTet on Canal. The work on the Panama Canal fs being r!nn5 w:th a ieed. efficiency and entire devotion to duty which make it a model for work of the kind. No task of such marnltuiie has ever before been undertaken by any nation, and no task of the kind as ever before been berter performed. The men on tr.e Isthmus, from Colonel Ooethala and his fellow commissioners through th t-ntire lift of employes who are faithfully io;ng their duty, have won thetr right to the ungrudging respect and gratitude of the AmencMn peopie. Moil rHibnidlr Keconunended. I again recommend the extension of the crpin mail act of IMll so that satisfactory .American ocean mail lines to South Africa, .Ana. the Philippines and Australasia may l e established. The creation of such steam Fh:p lines should 'be the natural corollary f the vovage of the battle fleet. It should j.-e-edo the opening of the Panama Canal. en under favoruble conditions aeveral ears must elapse before Such lines can be j ut into operation. Acjordlngly I urge that the Congress act promptly where foresight already shows that action sooner or later will be Inevitable. Fortiflratlon of Hawaii. I rail partiru!ar attention to the territory of Hawaii. The importance of those islands i apparent, and the need of Improving their condition and developing their resources Is urfiiL la recent years industrial condi tions upon the islands have radically changed. The importation of coolie labor 1 as practically ceaped. and there is now developing auch a diversity in agricultural produ' ts as to make possible a change in t:ie land conditions of the territory, so that fin opportunity may be given to the small land owner similar to that on the main land. To aid these changes, the National Covermnent must provide the necessary harbor improvements on each Island, so that the agricultural products can be car ried to the markets of the world. The coast wipe' shipping laws should be amended to meet the special needs of the islands, and the alien contract labor law should be so jiioditied In its application to Hawaii as' to arable American and European labor to be brought thither. We have besun to Improve Pearl Harbor far a n.ival baae and to provide the neces sary military fortiticatiomt for the protec tion of the Island but I cannot too strong ly emphasize the need of appropriations for thee purports of such an amount as will within the shortest possible time make those i'lnods practically Impregnable. It Is use .'!s to develop the industrial conditions of the Islands and establish, there bases of supply fbr our naval and merchant fleets uriivsi Insure, as far aa human ingenuity tan. their safety from foreign seizure. One thing to be remembered with all our f r:!fications is that It is almost useless to make them Impregnable from the sea if ti.ty are left open to land attack. This !a tnw even1, of our own coast, but It Is doubly true of our insular possessions. In Hawaii, f r instance, it Is worse than useless to es tablish a naval station onle?s we establish it behind fortifications so strong that no J:nd;ng fori can take them save by regu lar and long -continued siege operations. Autonomy In Philippines, Real progress toward self-government Is elr.c made In the Philippine Islands. The fa-hiring of a Philippine legislative boa and Philippine assembly marks a process jtMnnlutely new In Asia, not only as regards A itio colonics of Kuropean powers but as regards Asiatic possessions of other Asiatic jot?; anl, indeed, always excepting the e'r.kiiiK and wonderful example afforded by t;-e great Kmpire of Japan, it opens an en t.rely new departure when compared with Anything whteh has happened among Aslat powers which are their own masters. Itlth.rto this Philippine legislature has act tii witti moderation and self-restraint, and i, js seemed In practical fashion to realize t::e eternal truth that there must always be government.-and that the only way in which any body of Individuals can escape the neces sity of bf ing governed by outsiders is to -.iow that they are able to restrain them srivrs, to kep down wrongdoing and dis- rier. The Filipino people, through their officials, are therefore making real steps In the direction of self-government. I hops and believe that these stops mark the be ginning of a course which will continue till the Filipinos become fit to decide for them-t-:ves whether they desire to be an inde pendent nation. - Hut it is well for them ;ind well also for those Americans who dur ing the past decade havo done so much ri.iinnge to the Filipinos by agitation for an :nruMiiate independence for which they npte totally unfit to remember that self f.ernment depends, and must depend, upon the Filipinos themselves. All we can do Is to give them the opportunity to develop the ,iT.aci:y f r self-government. If we had roi;iwed the advice of the foolish doc trin.tlsjy who wished us at any time during the la-si ten years to 4um the Filipino peo ple adrift, we should have shirked the plainest possible duly-and have inflicted a Justing wrong upon the Filipino people. We liave acted In exactly the opposite spirit. " e have given the Filipinos constitutional government; a government ba.ed upon Jus- M:--e; and we have shown that we have governed thorn for their good and not for .ur acurHntlizement. At the present time, as during the past ten years, the lnexor- ' sitde logic of facts shows that this Govern ' iii. nt must be supplied by us and not by 'tli. in. We must be wise and generous; we nui-t fcelp the Filipinos to master -the difTI c'!!t :rt of self-control, which is simply nn-nher name for self-government. But we p nnot give them sK-rovemment save In tli sense of governing them so that grad Viilly they may. if they are able, learn to g.ivern themselves. Under the present sys tem of just laws and sympathetic adminis tration, we huve evry reason to believe tl.at thev are gradually acquiring the char acter which lies at the basis of self-government, and for which. If it be lacking, no svstrm of laws, no paper constitution, will in any wife sve as a substitute. Our P ople in the Philippines have achieved what may legitimately be called a marvel ous success In giving to them a government which marks on the part of those in au thority both the necessary understanding of the people and the necessary purpose to r.Te them disinterestedly and- In good faith. I trust that within a generation the time wi!I arrive when the Philippines can decide f.'ff themselves whether It is well for them : hf.-orne Independent, or to continue un iVr the protection of a strong and distn-T'-i.-vn-j power, nhle to guarantee to the is1 mts order at horn and protection from i-.-ign invasion. Hut no one can prophesy :J:c exact date when It will be wise to con- !t independence aa a fixed and definite jiriny. It would be worse than folly to try to et down such a date In advance, for It ninst depend upon the way In which the Th. ippine people themselves develop the p"wtr of self mastery. tliizrabip for, Porto Rico. I nrain recommend that American cltlren s.':;i ie conferred upon, the people of Porto 1.. j. Soon Evacuate Cuba, In Cuba our occupancy will cease In about tTw. months' time. The Cubans have In or dcrly manner elected their own govern i!...ital authorities, and tfte Jsland will be t iri.t-d over to them. Our occupation on tn;. occasion has lasted a little over two r;irs. and Cuba has thriven and prospered t:nir it. Our earnest hope and one desire Js that the people of the Island shall now uo ern themselves with Justice, so that jit-nce and order may bo secure. We will sladly help them to this end; but I would solemnly warn them to remember the great truth rnat the only way a people can per manently avoid being governed from with out if to snow that they both can and will jvern themselves from within. Japanese Fair In 1917. The Japanese government has postponed I tinttl 1M7 the date of the great Interna tional exposition, the action being taken so hs in insure ample time In which to pre pare to make the exposition all that it iimuM be made. The American Commls n.uners "have visited Japan and the post ponement will merely give ampler oppor tunity for America to be represented at the exposition. Not since the first international position has there been one of greater Importance than this will be. marking as It c'oes th" :ih anniversary of the ascension t,. the -throne o? the Emperor of Japan. The eiixaordifiar W f foremost place among the nations of the world made by Japan during this half century is eome thlns; unparalleled In all previous history. This exposition will fitly commemorate and signalize the giat progress that has been achieved. It is the first exposition of its kind that has ever been held in Asia, The L'nlted Htates, because of the ancient friend ship between the two people, because eacn of us fronts on the, Pacific, and because of the growing commercial relations between this countrv and Asia, takes a peculiar In terest In seeing the exposition made a suc cess in everv way. ' X take this opportunity publicly to state my appreciation of the way In which In Japan. In Australia, in New Zealand and In alt the States of South America, the battle fleet has been received on its practice voyage around the world. The American Government cannot too strongly express Its appreciation of the abounding and gener ous hospitality shown our ships in every port they visited. Promotion of Army Officers. As regards the Army I call attention to the fact that while our junior officers and enlisted men etand very high, the present system of promotion by seniority results in bringing Inta the higher grades many men of mediocre capacity who have but a short time to serve. No man should regard it as his vested right to rise to the highest rank in the Army any more than in any other profession. It is a curious and by no means creditable fact that there should be ao often a failure on the part of the public and its representatives io understand the great need, from the standpoint of tho serv ice and the Nation of refusing to promote respectable, elderly incompetents. Tne higher places should be given to the mot deserving men without regard to seniority; at least seniority should be treated as only one consideration. In the stress of modern industrial competition no business firm could succeed If those responsible lor its man agement were chosen simply on the ground that they were the oldest people in its em ployment; yet this is the course advocated as regards the Army, and required by law for all grades except those of general offi cer. As a matter of fact, 'all of the best officers In the highest ranks of the Army are those who have attained their present position wholly or In part by a process ol selection. The scope of retiring boards should be extended so that they could consider gen eral unfitness to command for any cause. In order to secure a far more rigid en forcement than at present in the elimina tion of officers for mental, physical or tem peramental disabilities. But this plan is recommended only if the Congress does not see tit to provide what In my judgment Is far better; that is, for selection in, promo tion, and for elimination for age. Officers who fall to attain a certain rank by a cer tain age should be retired for instance, if a man should not attain field rank by the time he is 45 he should of course be placed on the retired list. General officers should be eelected as at present, and one-third of the other promotions should be made by selection, the selection to be made by the president or the Secretary of War from a list of at' least two candidates proposed for each vacancy by a board of offieera from the arm of the service from which the pro motion is to be made. A bill la now before the Congress having for Its object to se cure the promotion of officers to various grades at reasonable ages through a process of selection, by boards of officers, of the least efflolent for retirement with a per centage of their pay depending upon length of service The bill, although not accom plishing all that should be done, is a long tep In the right direction; and I earnestly recommend lta passage, or that of a more completely effective measure. The cavalry arm should be reorganized upon modern lines. This is an arm In which It is peculiarly necessary that the field offi cers should not be old. The cavalry Is much more difficult to form than infantry, and it should be kept up to the maximum both In efficiency and in strength, for it cannot be made In a hurry. At present both in fantry and artillery are too few In number for our needs. Kspoclal attention should be paid to development of the machine gun. A general sen-Ice corps should be established. As things are now the average soldier has far too much labor of a nonmilitary char acter to perform. perfect National Guard. Now that the organized militia, the N tlonal Guard, has been incorporated with the Army as a part of the National forces. It behooves the Government to do every rea sonable thing in its power to perfect Its efficiency. It should be assisted In its In struction and otherwise aided more liber ally than heretofore. The continuous serv ices of many well-trained regular officers will be essential In this connection. Such officers must be specially trained at service schools best to oualify them as Instructors of the National XJuard. But the detailing of officers for training at the service schools and for duty with the National Guard en tails detachlnj-them from their regiments which are already greatly depleted by de tachment of officers for assignment to duties prescribed b acts of the Congress. A bill is now pending before the Con gress creating a number of extra officers In the Army. which if passed, as it ought to be, will enable more officers to be trained as Instructors of National Guard and as signed to that duty, in case of war it will bw of the utmost Importance to have a large numbec of trained officers to use for turning raw levies into good troops. There should be legislation to provide a complete plan for organizing the great body of volunteers behind the Regular Army and National Guarf when war has come. Con gressional assistance should be given those who are endeavoring to promote rifle prac tice so that our men, in the services or out of them, may know "how to use the rifle. "While teams representing the United States won the rttle and revolver championships of the world against all comers In England this year, it Is unfortunately true that the great bodv of our citizens shoot less and less as time goes on. To meet this we should encourage rifle practice among schoolboys, and Indeed among all classes, as well as in-the military services, by every means In our power. Thus, and not other wise, may we be able to assist in preserving the peace of the world. Fit to hold our own against the strong nations of the earth, our voice for peace will carry to the ends of the earth. Unprepared, and therefore unfit, we must sit dumb and helpless to defend ourselves, protect others, or preserve peace. The first step in the direction of prepara tion to avert war If possible, and to be fit for war If It should come is to teach our men to shoot. Keorgiuiize Navy Department. I approve the recommendations of the General Board for the Increase of the Navy, calling especial attention to the need of ad ditional destroyers and colliers, and above all. of the four battleships. It is desirable to complete as soon as possible a squadron of eight battleships of the best existing tvpe. The North Dakota, Delaware, Florida and Utah will form the first division of this squadron. The four vessels proposed will form the second division. It will be an Improvement on the first, the ships being of the heavy, single caliber, all big gun type. All the vessels should have the same tactical qualities, that is, speed and turn-, Ing circle, and as near as possible these" tactical qualities should be the same as is In the four vessels before named now being built. I most earnestly recommend that the General Board be by law turned Into a General Staff. There Is literally no excuse whatever for continuing the present bureau organization of the Navy. The Navy shomd be treated as a purely military organization, and everything should be subordinated to the one object of securing military effi ciency. Such military efficiency can only be guaranteed in time of war If there is the most thorough previous preparation In time of peace a preparation. I may add, which will In all probability prevent any need of war. The Secretary must be supreme, and he should have as his official ad vise r a body of line officers who should themselves have the power to pass upon and co-ordinate all the work and all the proposals of the several burraua A system of promo tion by merit, either by selection or by ex clusion, or by both processes, should be in troduced. It Is out of the question. If the present principle of promotion by mere seniority is kept, to expect to get the best results from the higher officers. Our men come too old, and stay for too short a time. In the high command positions. Two hospital ships should be provided. The actual experience of the hospital ship with the fleet in the Pacific has shown the Invaluable work which such a ship does, and has abo proved that it is well to have it kept under the command of a medical officer. As was to be expected, all of the anticipations of trouble from such a com mand have proved completely baseless. It is as absurd to put a. hospital ship under a line officer as it would be to put a hospital on shore under such a command. This ought to have been realized before, and there Is no excuse for failure to realize it now. KftVrt of lleet'a Voyage. Nothing better for the Navy from every standpoint has ever occurred than the cruise of the battle fleet around the world-. The Improvement of the ships In every way has been extraordinary, and they have gained far more experience in battle tactics than they would have gained If they had staved in the Atlantic waters. The Ameri can people have cause for profound grati fication, both in view of the excellent con dition of the fleet as shown by this cruise, and m" view of the improvement the cruise has, worked in this already high condition. I I do not believe that there Is any other service in the worm in wnicntne average of character and efficiency tn "the enlisted men is as high as is now the case in our own. I believe that the same statement can be made as to our officers, taken as a whole; but . there must be a reservation made in regard to those in the highest ranks as to which I have already spoken and in regard to those who have just err tered the service; because wo do not now get full benefit from our excellent naval school at Annapolis. It Is absurd not to graduate the midshipmen as ensigns; to keep them for two years In such an anom alous position as at present the law requires is detrimental to them and to the service. In the academy Itself, every first classman should be required In turn to serve as petty officer and officer; his ability to discharge his duties as such should be a pre-requlsite to his going into the line, and his success In commanding should laregly determine his standing at graduation. The -Board of Visi tors should be appointed in January, .and each member should be required to give at least six days' service, only from one to three days to be performed during June week, which is the least desirable time for the board to be at Annapolis so far as benefiting the Navy by their observations is concerned. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. The White House, Tuesday, December 8. 190S. DEFECTS OF STONE BLOCKS l'lie Advancement and Utility of Street Pavements. Primeval man had no pavements, nor any use for them. His wants were few and easily satisfied! He knew nothing outside .of his own range of vision. Knowing but little his desires were few. time lias sped on, there has been won derful changes made -by man and also wonderful improvements. In ages past Eeleian Blocks were the Ideal pavements. The first being used in Glasgow, Scot land, In the year 1S41. In the United States, up to the year 1&19. stone was used very extensively In street pave ments and continued to increase in use up until the year 1&77. at which time the city of Brooklyn, N. T commenced diminishing use of same, which rule has been gradually followed by most every citv of consequence ln the United States. The public streets of a city are used for two purposes; first as a means of locomotion for the general public and transportation of. its traffic; second, for tho laving of public service utility pipes As travel and traffic become heavy it is necessary for economical rsasons, at least, to adopt a pavement; sanitary rea sons, facilities of travel are also import ant. Pavements on business streets to be of value must possess at least five qualities, first, it must be durable; sec ond, it must, be readily removable and easily restored to accommodate the utility of pipes that are laid in the streets; third, the price must be within reasonable limits of the property own ers; fourth, it must afford least resist ance to traffic; fifth, it must be as noise less as possible and easy on horses and anord a good foothold. - Vitriiiod brick is the" only pavement that fulfills these requirements, which is demonstrated by its large and continu ous use for over 30 years In'tlie principal cities of the United States. In order to make a vitrified brick which will meet the above requirements it is necessary to first secure what is known as a rock shale, try) analysis of which must contain the right proportion of silica and alumina, together with other ingredient."!, wjjich go to make up a first class tough and tenacious vitrified brick. There are a great, many shales which will not make a good vitrified brick. There are also a great many stone, both basalt and granite, which will not, from a commercial standpoint, make a good paving block. It has been r ported In" Portland recently that there has been discovered an inexhaustible quantity of basalt stone .suitable for street paving purposes. This apparently may seem feasible to the casual observer and prop erty-holder, but the same difficulty is is encountered In the shale formations, viz., that in order tomake a .No. 1 pav ing stone it is absolutely" necessary to have a stone which In cutting or break ing will hav? a texture that will enable you to break same true , and straight. This to a great extent depends entirely on the compesition of the material. The writer ias found that from the vast deposits of basalt stone which has ben yscovered in the vicinity of Port land that there are very few of them which have these, virtuous points. Some are coarse and break irregularly. While some can be cut into paving block, still from a commercial standpoint. It would be Impracticable as they would be en tirely too much waste and expense at tached to sam. There is only on thing that can be said in favor of stone, and that is, that it is durable, provided 'that you have the right quality. On the other hand it can be certainly proven that it is a pavement of the past. It is imprac ticable to secure a smooth and uniform surface of this class of pavement and if such was the case, it would be en tirely too slippery to afford a good foot hold for horses, and would necessitate a tearing up and redressing after a cer tain len&th of time. It is the -hardest pavement known on dumb animals, the life of which is reduced at least 75 per cent., when forced to continue to travel over same. The life of vehicles also is reduced at least 60 per cent, and the noise produced by same is intolerable. It has been proven that within the last 25 years that in most of the large and progressive cities in the United States, that brick is fast taking the place of stone in business districts. It is a more desirable pavement and will last practi cally an ordinary lifetime when laid" in a jnodern way. WILL GIVE RECEPTION Y. V C. A. Plans Attractive Enter tainment In Its Xew Home. Much interest on the part of members and friends of the local Y. W. 6. A. has been shown in the receptkm to be held tonight in the new building. Seventh and Taylor streets. This entertainment is in the nature of a membership Jubilee. The "Rainbow Contest" which is a compe tition inaugurated among the various churches of the city for Y. W. C. A. mem berships, will terminate at that time and prizes will be awarded to tho successful contestants. Music will be furnished by a chorus under the direction of -JILss louise p. Heilman. Among the numbers to be rendered are the following: "Lift Thine Eyes'" (from Oratorio Elijah). Mendelssohn; "Annie Laurie," Thurston; "Rock-a-Bye," Heldlinger. The chorus is composed of the following: First sopranos, Mrs. Ethel Lytle Boothe, Miss Afnes Waft, Miss Delta Watson; second sopranos. Miss Laura Cleland, Miss Hilda Hegeli, Miss Anna RanMln; first altos. Miss Wllma Pearl Chandler, Mrs. Byron K. Miller: second altos. Miss Eleanor Kurth, Miss Karlo Monte; accompanist. Miss Alda L. li-oughton. Other entertainments to which mem bers and friends of the association are cordially invited will be held on Friday afternoon and night. The dedicatory services will be held Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. Interesting programmes have been provided for the various events. v MEN'S WOOLXOrVTS, $1 .00 If you are at all interested in buy ing your clothing at half price, - don't delay in visiting the closing-out sale of the wholesale clothing stock at Front and Oak streets. Men's wool coats. 11.00; men's wool vesta, 50c; men's good pants, J3.00; boys' knee (pants, 25c: men's wool suits. $5.00. On sale at northwest corner Front and Oak streets, n the cen ter of the wholesale district, where rents are low. n , . H - U:' 'I .-' V J " S. . f """" WJia (MJ.lt I.J ti ' imiiii m Jm M wf U LJ f .I r i 1 ;v m a ir fit F n? S Ft ""M il 8 1 TTT tin,, I imm i .. p """ "mmmm' f'"';'"' This Land Was Advertised For About One Month Ago -People Looked At It and Found It as Represented Those Who Bought Are Weir Satisfied With Their Investment! R YOU WILL OPPORTUNITY OON BE GONE Where, on the Peninsula, Will You Ever Have the Oppor tunity to Purchase Lots at $10 Down and $!Oa Month? NOW :'fM:. mm m m -mm m ifia v. ' m- lies in the heart of the Peninsula, directly next to the Swift townsite, which is to be the home of the Swift employes. Stores, offices and fine homes are being erected in 'Kenton now. Building has already been started in Fairport. The streets of Kentont continue right through Fairport. will improve with Kenton Fairport and Kenton will be the center for the commercial and industrial district of the Penin sula and these two townsites will progress hand in hand. Mil lions of dollars annually will be paid in salaries to the em ployes of the Swift packing plant alone. lots will double and triple in value in a short time When the Swift plant opens for business land in Fairport will begin to rise in values, for the packing-house employes will want the lots for their homes. Can you afford ten dollars each month? Then buy in Fairport and double your money and more. has surface graded streets, Bull Run water, is convenient to public schools and churches, is about 25 minutes' ride to Port land, the City Council has offered the 'electric company a franchise to irun a line through Fairport All these and a magnificent view maKe airpori property ausoiutciy &iic m- '' vestment. . Mr. Workingman: Mr. Man On a Salary :- Mr. Man With $10 to Spend:- Here is the opportunity you have been looking for Prepare for the future now Buy a lot in Fairport and you will seU it for double what you paid for it in a short time The pur- chase of a lot' in Fairport now may keep the wolf from the door later on At any rate, vou owe it to your wife or children not to neglect this opportunity Have you made any provision for the family in case of accident? Then do so Buy a lot in Fairport Pay $10 down and $10 a month. See Fairport in Our Automobiles fillK'KELSEN 8 TUCIiEE GENERAL AGENTS A 301-2 Corbett Building, Fifth and Morrison Sts. Call or Write for Free Booklet on Fairport m I B