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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 9, 1908)
tub jronyrxG okkgomax, 'Wednesday, decejibek 9, idos. g DISCUSSES VITAL QUESTIONS OF THE .DAY IDEAL CHRISTMAS GIFTS tl war-wo rk-.Ttj lr.'.m :h'4! f;'- it r tK; mj cmiit ro .:i,u.'. i-.n- th n:iperi--hurt'-i N s v.n. nr. ar- tra -is for BU.n rvi e i - ' r riy ' l- n-.ak thtn. is ilin-r t- In a -r!t . f i-..;.rtl. .r.r.y o- :... hi. :lt ,... ff km-iwl'-dcf the cor::.:i' r of I:f iiir...;;; I: e (Treat ir.au.-1. t f".."W--o jr.tr ::i-?a. a lark whk'h unP'.s a Ju ;.. 1" '.. '! pn-l ji:t n. It wouM ui.nt any txcuiive or legislative ofTU'T. rK-fct In Injunction Ijuxv. Thr ls ft I t-.ir.k. (,i.jr.t 'or thf 1 th iutno; i.-j::si-.- r. -r J bv en p. - .n -4 'tii " t;? cut-t c-urts irai.'r.JC U-rr; -.:ir lnj i;v :;--n w . : :.' Jt n ti( to iiifi-.i. tin-i i ur Imiu.i: th-u. f r tt-mpt of court In lnsiam'fa as a n:;it- tT of fa-'t, lb y tac ji k::"W oE iu.y procwdiiKs. '',itM,e . of orfia:.i.-I la;r there 1 a w15!-rf ;t-l fn-'.iviz t.'iai i.-.lm - fm often -rk K-t n-ju.t:-.e T. w it--. rk4!- -n their t-ii--r's i" b--t u - ti--ir fr-rkir:r ciiU'iin result in ir 1 u.ji : ..il :. putea. A temporary mj jnct it - u- I ft p:irte nmy - n.i't'-r ! :;.: iia--" ni t: s e!'t ot a pf ::.tT-'-.it it:.":;' ;n in :ife d. master tO t;.o wuj.''-or:..Tf' m In n-i-'h i tinjum rest ruin; wh.u.i c-!!. ''"in j-. re"-rt to thl P'.an of pru'.in: e. Us -:-m-t-r.tent ha b-.i-n un !-: .ir-.s:.i, ar. 1 fft?n lmror.y cx.T'W.:, hit tf-e is a ui:d bn:a f-r it. an! tr.o o:u-'r'.y ar.d l.iw aN!:lr.s r e of a 'nrnx-n.i:y wo'i:i b; m a far atroiiKir position for upio-'ldinic the r(-urtJ if tiie u:. t-l.y hXjj'Ii.j; sius ccui-1 be prjv aw:i:".st. Su-'h pr.v -wt i:. t!.( rreft; :'r.e5 above as a'lvrK-.iieil by the rx' ;"t rr " 'j'1-'" I?. cv, ti ;n vital ermr f bt in r 1 at ion of th ni t cite: !ve k.:..I. unil fvon if e::n'i'i !nrn law i h-: ve t'-at tiu?- law aouIU rlrhtlv be he. d t-tn i:..-t: ut . r. U. lb ;e ovr. tli labor peop.e a.r t.v; ..;-. .i i.'.w N r:r.nir.r to inv-ko tie '.f t..e I "er c 1- i'lnctlon. lu-rusF t-e lift ter. you -.''. an. I nitbin rny own knowle.lce, at least, iifiy lcn'-ti-ir- havu b-vr. ob:.iii:t--! !'' laJ-H" u::i r.J3 in N. w ork T;ty ft!-n-. i: t cf tl:e-:i Ur "IT t- pr--t'-t tVe llinor: ' ',.r'i-,r'. r'ch;"K but F-tr.e b-tr.c ..b;.. '-."1 f-.r other r aFr.a !Ka)r.it ernp;-' ltj. T' p.vr r.f Ir lurv-tion ;.s . pivut f.iui'.fb'e i -vti- fly, hl' h -h.-.-iNi -r ro a -ri.r.t '.- "; 1. I'-iK Kiur'N u" ! be . r-" 1 iic Mi:-: i: nui. X b.li..v.; Th.it eon. M.-h ri''v!--.r.i aw th-- I .l.-:Tit--i a y :ir hi:., f r r .. k Ir.jr t.l:P n.u. ? t:.e i5Si..nii- .? to r.;.- .ri y tnjt:ri;cns .-hu'.J t a:., it-:. Ir. ar Ftatu '. rr(v"ii u' i b n..i'fe t r i.t r o lrJur..t;on or t-Tr.p-T.iry r-r-a:r.!r.c r-tr.-r i fo otrrwii th-iii or. r.ot' . t1 ;t v,i!.e lrr--panir.;.- :nfu-y fccuM f-thrv. u- r-.-". : mrA In i"in c.ise s. h"-:f!rc- on ti: m-rti of th '.1.1-r h.vi!.l be hid .f s i - - ' rt tie i rric'!. an-T If r t tv-r r..r. ir.u--: a-.' r Ir.ff. !t hoti!.l fr.rthT i 1 :..- "-i--uM bn re: .r In.ir.' 'l.n t ' rr.-: th r av" of !.; y nVn ! ' . ' ,,v'" '' M.r.-..v,-r. I b i!i v t'-.a. tl-? j-n-o-- uif 1 b sihrr-ly d' Il .- : . a ! II " J 1" i -n.mut'Sy to :.ne le ;;i-ti'- tt-.-i. "f v 1- a tr. an.l of hi r. a. r t u: -. t uit t-e r r.. ran if it -'..- cx.niir.e v.:: i Investigate t rarr.e. Lan-a M:wle by Jmlsf-. T: ch!-f lawnuk' rj Jr. cur ori:--ry rnay b. tLT.Kl often ar. tJ; j-i !-f. b- au I'i 'y r. r tiie ti-iUi s-riU ftL.i;ior.t y. I-1' -'; ' ' rf-ev ir.terj ret oi:;.a ;-i.riy. '- r.r.t line v-r.c -: law. l:b-.::y, ti-y r. ct-srsiriij evaot it: to Iax r .irt of a v-: ..f .a ! r in: -'""p'.y : J si.ch irt-r,- a- :-.n, t:.-v .vtf :.r-C'i.n fo m.j v. -Tf-i k 5 Tht dt'i-.sioi.s of tlso courts on Ol- .nunui' a:; '1 ji.m .a: m- st.i: 'i-Toi u:- .n t:.-.r a m.j .-:a; cal!.. -v .r : ai .-i f.r t:.o r-ar. fn; pr.-KI-.-- of i :r !.- -j'o oMri:.,.- tt.O two -- 1 lei.tii.y we shall . t e ni t tfi-..--1' j'.'. w h. to a ttv-i.t.'ta cn-ur n ai ! noo.al i.hiI--.op::y ar.-i n -t lo a b r.- c ' p -..-a-:: ptu.i'- : V . 1;!l-:; waP !-" t l-' I J Miu.-t of p-in..ave e-o:;.-rr.i . . il .o! r-tir,.., a JulKe vie-.-.- a o- 'tr- so .a; pM'..sophy are entirely fvind la Importance to hi- i-rrf-u.n of a 1 an :.r,i t:: char ter, which n-.eiir.a the p sc-..'ii of il .e ii ertt.iry vtrtu. s as h- r-My. c uraf:d a".! al.n ir.de.inesA The ju 't- -'Wk11 hs r : ctlon to pacJru. to tl-vniosl.: eer.tl tnent or etnas- htrcv-i ar.d prrju-:: e-. ar..! t e ju-'.po who owe .lhr :a c lion or ht api-omtnier.t to the n. ney or in..- lavr i a treat corp. -rati' n. ar1 a ':ke unworthy T f'.t en Jhe Nuch. are aiiY tra tors Vt Ui r---i-.e: ar.-! ro profunilty of !-a-n!:.i:. ..- correctness or A.i-:rucL cci.on" - ti.r. of pub'.io policy, can s-er us i.n (1 --i- t :i.-h ehorir mii::. lUlt it 10 n." iri.e that Jui!f:s. ilka ex-ut.vs ana b.t.'.s.rt -r phonM hold found on ti.e r..s of publlo poiK-y wliich ar o vital ii:l.vst to the p"1'!- . trt The legislators and excnitrvw are eho. n to r present t: .opi- iu f-a. L;;' ar. i a irunii. terirs the lav-. The je- -re ;t to re.pre.-int tli pe-p'e in this r.?e. 1 ;-.r f:rr(-t:on L tr interpret th laws. ' :ie .'"f lator are repowMb.e f-r the law.-: t..e ,-9 f..r the spirit in vh.ch th- y iirerpr. t i i erfor.e th law. V ulo-f t..o rerkoe aKitub.r who w..i.i 1 nif ti jiKlet-s. met-c pliant ULs of popti ar i r. Ju .h e nn.i Tion: ar.d we Mar.i f fr.m Uyp ejTjary unwise p.irt!san. o f J- ...i - privlieRe who deny t mr.uch a JudK are choson t-j -rvp . . intent of the whole petrol, thev a0.. -,trive to find out what th sc lntere-Ms are. and. far. as they c..n , p.o,,M Ftrivo to rtve cftc-t to noja. nr c .n-vi.-:ion when ri-liberntely ar 1 -du.y "J bv the tow-makirS body. Tre courtn are b ii'e hJrhiy commended and fanrvh. when they fet their fac a5air.t wtor.c.so.rx or tvranny by a maj r'ty; but t.v;y ar- . a be b'amed when they fail to ryr.. .,e. like ours the i;e.lbe-a k-- n it in- ". .. rv t-ker. 2rive-r wttir.c iu i .-j ,,.. . linn t - cmv oftr..0 WOTrt 1 n I.o, ,u .... To pmM tymnnj. rrx. -t ml no ,:, from n-t.re!-n. to r.ul.. y an at ,, nltte.i in - "f ...,0 1. O rn(lf.r a rrvw to 'h,,-'-;,;";;.vrI,"i;e: th eonrw to arr..ate W ' , I hat r.y restraint ar-t - h a p..Tu;.r v-. i ".ii Irf the mr.s mn the wiUf th.- Nation p'-eme. the uir.man " ' - Bni not In drv. .r --u-iel con- WIU K tn teobnica.it.- s o. V-onlr Mn-t M..rr- Rl.-.nr !n onr ."un,?"l tv. Ju.!;t-s and J"r1'" lh . It t. d!-.i::at.t ileson in! Parf.f J- or to - ...L.tinii:. "n In tr.e U.'i. rrt v; m,-v of tin- -.alU.ro of j..ti.-o r.o r- , .pnnMMiiir whatever ' " r.-n rn-n ,rh We who make up n ma-, .ft ne peor... .-annrt shirt the res,.on-:t.:ht from our own -houM-rs lint mere is un im portant part of th". f .Hro whl;-h -a i'-'a-.:v to do with tii.-ii.lllty to hold to ,,ro.or voimt men i wealth wn.j h.-hav ....!. The chief breakiionn Is in drai n win trie r.evr relations that ar.'. from the mu tualism the lrt..rdep.n.l.r..-e of our i.ma. Evry new ....- I relot on heset a n.-w tvpe of wronsdolnff of sin. to u.o an ool fashloned w..r.l and many years alwa .; before soci-ty Is n'.le to turn t..i , n into .-r.m which cm be effectively pun'shed at UW. lo.rmc th lir-Mrno or t.ie ;,!rter men now alive the F..tl.,l reunions have chanced far more rap.d y than in the" pre.-edln( two centuries The immerse rro.th of corporations, of Mi.iness done ty as.o. iatior.s. and the extreme tra.n and pre.1re of modern V.i. have produced . ondiuon? hirh rnd. r the p-ihoo con fused as to h Its really dar.Kerou fo. s a. -"- ar.d amonc tie pnMIo "am. wau ha.e not onlv shared this c.r.fusion. but ... nine of their acts ha.o Increased It. are. certain Judp.'.- Mnrk.d Ir.en'.-iency has been shown In dealinc with corporal ons and In rese-tlins- th proper attltn.le to be taken b. - the public, not only t" arl cori.ora tlor but toward Ir.b'.r, . and towa, t i oeial questions arislliir out ..f the factory system, and the enrrmuus prowtn of our great cities. The hu wealth t at has been a-rumu-latcd by a few Individuals of reeer.t years. In what ha amounted, to a coi::a and ifHEislative effort to pro;"'; . m.ft iHfd, pr t--ti. i r oj rj who ink a.iva:it.i nei'd. Thty halt or h:ni f -r ,urir.c b acr an i 1. d :ior.9 of inlir. 1 re t Tf.Tit of the major:. y a.- i- '- t tZ bR:.lature. Such lawful. y " -.J.nl .. the court. nvt- In toe -3Ure-,:e and rx ceptlnnal c- wh,re r, h - .a c vio'atton of a c.titntlor.al prov . n. vi-. like frivolity or V.ttiw-J n u.w imentai ac- t rlrt or a i '- -, , a,7 ,...art ,h-4 not f;.r .h -t;-'V .r;: t.o". from , iko;. :tarr.;''rr t . r.rj,Ji:.t!ntn.,urdTror,. or in Si7n.o,n.c r'r"; .str al revolution, lias been ai rei;ar(".s '.iii" or tlu.' in.lliUuaU ! possible ;,iv" tl.f lniiir.T us " 'ho modern .,:,-ri c.Ttiin tyr.o or mucK-rn r. r ...iaiior.'. w.t Its "St. -,.- an.l r.B-nw. I-j Vii.v of -urit:. and Its ton- c,..., t,:,tion with li:ri unrtertaVtiiKa. t, :.V:iv jlV.lro.- n lti:ruit'nt ao c.mplei m' ,f in a i-r.ut.-r iri-iU'iT of e:uriitnll ",.",at ur.t-r van Judlc.a. deotilona. lond t'-. -s, 'r.n.il and oj iireasion 'than any o.'... "v. t volvc.l !n the li'iman bratn. , M.'ratV.na arc n..o-s-ry instrument of ' .. . ...i- , .e i"i. ..v have been nermltted t I . o.r'.- a" ni-r.a-e larsoly because th p.,v..rn:iui.ta! r.-p res..ita t i v3 of the people IV .:l p:. V1U.UK y thrill. a,... in any Kivcn case :,t-vd a l.-i'.slature or a ...-.f : lull -r ' Fv.-rv rjo. iKive head who advlHes J,0.;.a, 1,,-t. ad of pradu.il. artlon. or who a.lvoV.ps i..cni.l-r..d and sweeping nieas ! .1 e ref'rm .....ecialiy If the - .r.Jad u v.n.!U-tivc.i..s-. and disregard for th r'ht. ' '. tnir.onty) is rarrtoularly L 1 UH norlh- i nc ' n."-, ,!:..!. for t!-J fa.t mat our laws are r- ::'fi:r:.i!i . -. fi ' ; . f .o::,i..!.. ,r i . . !. v:ry -.art -.-I i.Lh oe:.iy liusie aiiu-n.n. Li.on " Moreover, they nre often ui si:U mora rrqt:..nt!y amended at the sut-K-estion of the s K,-a.nnt wlum they are after- . . i..ut.i- of ror- u -aril" lUoie-'J- t'ur tnav - --: p.lraUi. huKO truat. and abulo.ly -.i-v ni-.i ii i in- oo i. .ii , . . . l!..crt!n of what appear o.i '"-.. i., K-.'-eeP'rn provlaiona tft be .Irani ai J s u-.ir.n thr interests of the parties In M n-x them: wh:i.- t!.e denatfJf:uei, tne t:,rru;Vt -inures ho ii.x.au.e blackmall p.if B. u-n--s to "str.ki ' corporations, and a-1 who'cemnnd extrf-nie. and undesirably vuibal. msv.T.. show themselves to e t1 wo-n r.-m:'s cf ths very public whose loud-mouth-d chnploriM they profess to be. V verv s;ri:dne ll'ust r.it.on of the conse ;,.lt;rt.c' rr oar-l-i.-:.' in the preparation or I B-"-. wns ti:i employers' liability b-' of l'Ci. I" ft a arming under t -it l'w "ir nut -.f ix courts nf first i-V- in.-o 'VlM tl iicn-'-tutWrnaL; n1x out o' r.in" . '.'- 'f the Supreme Tonrt held tin .n"u!...-ct matter was within the v - t of .r..-r..-.:or:il act on; and four of t"-' n iii" Jiii.es l:-.d it vuild. it was, hv.'.e- adUi'h.'-l ur.oi.-t.'.tutiur.al by a bare m.Tbx :tv ef th- ro'jrt live to four. It was yureiy a .rv sJoveii'y piece of work t i j!..:nt? i".e 1 r:.ation' 1 it tu'"h shape as to i. iv- th-. iiue:".i'n othT at ail. dan..-i :e h.- le.-n dnne by the mani fold and ( oi.illi ;ti:c l.te;-jret:i'!ons of the l:v.r.-;.iif) c-nm.-r.-e law. i 'or.trol over the -t cji -; o-a ; '-mis Ic:i.; interstate l.jsim-s t 1 ft i-ffet t.ve ot.1 if It if voste.1 with ru 1 power in an nd!i!ir.;slr..tive department, a .rar.jti of; the tV'K-::il exeeutive. carrying v.t: a r d.-ra! Liu ; it can r.ver be ef- tive if a dlv-d-d re?pon"ib!Htr is loft 1 in b.th the and t-.ie Nation; it can, :.. v.t be t-ffei-fve If U ft In the hands of . th..- court-, to to de.-ldd by lawsuits. lJi:Ut Jo fritUdy.e'.ludes. j The cour's hold a place of peculiar and d -erved s;.r..-t:ty umKr our form of gov eminent. lu spe-t f -r the law Is etscn- ; tl-il t the p niaiicr.. e of our Institutions, i.rd r. ;.e,-t for the l:uv ii largely condl- t:fnd upon rs; e t f r Mi" court.". It Is an ; i. .Ten e mains! the f-t'Ub'.la tj my anything v 1.1 h mn weaken thf r.;e; t. mva for the pr.-. -. r-HMin and in t!n mast carefully vti-ni'-d mat r. -t'-vT j:ii;es 5hoj!d be. held It: p - uiiar (:: -r; ar.d the duty of r-'if:i L;':ii .-'.n-l truthtu, comment and crlti-:.-: n. w-il.-li 5h0i;ldl.e hltidlriir when we1 --i.ea.rv , arybou". t not' Id be fspecinity bind- : :., when we ieik of tio-:n. tn an av i ru :e t;; y ta:.d rho e a ay other servants of the, -oniniiiimy, ;:rd greatest Judges hi re a --i.e.! the pii, level held by those few rrreae.st patriots whom the whole coun trv ii - I.Khti- to JvtJior. i:ut wo jnuist face the f a' i til at ti.ere are wise aiui unwise jii'lir. c. ju.-i a.3 there aro .wt. and unwise exe.-ii-ives or.a 1. :;iht..rs. When a presi dent or a ;:vi-ni.r,l'L-!iavis improperly , or ;.: !.-ly, the mikOv Is easv. for Jiis term is ehort; ti.e Xame tine vith tue leRts- j l.-t"- :i Stho'icii. rot to tre Fame degree,; for he : or.e of mar.y who belong til some r.ven ! i::.Mve tuuy, and it is therefore j I---s .a -v to fx h'y ptrsor.al rspnsibiiity r.r.d ho;. bi:n a'-roimtji hie i Imrefor. With ai j.id::-. wli be!!.!: lmm i, is alpo likely la e-; . t.;jt ii..?-- td;'r is ior Itfe, there i no ! plinCar way of h'jhiins him to repponeihll iiy. l'r,.:',r or-iinary ' roiniitions the oniy inmis nf priui e n w hi eh be is In any n a v arm r. -..h-;e are pui.Mt; opimuon and the a.-t.en nt' his ieiKw jutljrea. Tt la the la.-.t nil i Is moft in mediately crTectire, and to h.h v. e Pho'thl look for the reform .of a. i: Anv ronmly applb-d from with out if fraught with rik. ' Tt 1 far better, tr."n every Fiandpoim. that the remedy s: o:lt! r-,ue fr..m with!n. In no other na tion in ;ne world do the courts wield S'.iih vn-rt ard farre,ich!nir p:Ter as irL the I n. ted 'Suites. "All th:it is necessary Is llyit t,e t ourtP as a whole should exerctso' tn is power v. ith th a f;-.rsitrhted wisdom already s.-.o-Ati hy thts jud-'-s who pcan the future while they art In tho present. Let tliem ci r- ie th'.s e'reftt power no( only honestly a-.ii hrn. e!y. b'it with w Insight Into the r-eds and Used inrij".'S of the people, so" that they may do justice, and work equity, so thai' they may protoct all persons In their rights, and yet bn ak djwn the bar-ri-rs of prlvlleya, whi-jh is tha Xoe of right. liv-t Save yoroata. If there is any one duty which more than a:iui h-r w e owe it to our children and our children's children to perforin at once, it Is to Httve the forests of this coun try, fur they constitute the firt and most Ur.iortant element in the conservation of tue natural resourees of the country. There are -f course two kinds of natural re-t- mrevs. One is the kind which can only u-ed p-irt of ii pr'-ee: of exhaustion; this I trie of mines, nnturnl oil and ga w. and thn like. The otlier, and of t i.'f-.He liit .ni aely by far the most Impor tant, in 'iudi-s t -s resources wl:!cn caa be lT;TprovoTi ia th jiroees of wise u.se; the m .i. the river. a id the fnresrt; come under this head. Any renjly civilized nutlon U1 p u of tese three preat national as sets thfct the n.-ition wlH have their benefit :n tiie future, just a- a farmer, after all hi iife -:iakinp his living from his farm. Villi, !f l. ii an expert farmer, leave it a? an aset of increased value to his son, so v u should leave our national Comnin to our t-hMdruM. incr?;ijed In vAlue and not st r. nut. There are tr.-ir.Il sections of our own countrv. In tho Tast and In the -st, tn the Ai TondaeK s. tho White Mountains : d the 'A pp.i i.i-'hians. and In the Rucky M'.i.na:ns. wlvr wo can already see for ours.-hts the damage in the shape of per il, at." nt luj ury to tne soil and the river k 'if:n, w )nh fonis fr.-m reeklvas defor e trtii-n. it tna'U-rs not whether this de-loresiati-'-n is due to the actual reckless c-ittircr of tin.ber. to the nre that Inevita bly f.dlow such reeiclcss cuttlnif of timber, nr to the re..-kle-s ;in. uneorurolled prazlnff, ei-pe.'iaiSy by the preat migratory bands of cheep, the uncheckc.l -w:ui.!erini- f whlh ovrr the country mear.s (ietrtj'-tion to for tits rcii chatter to the small homemakers, tne s.-ulers of limited means. rr.';-;.' tr .u-gi pt .-o-i. or persons blinded t ie f :ture by tit; be td r.ir.ke muey In ee- y way out of tho present, sometimes tfTi-ak aj if n.- great dirnaKe woul 1 be done by n r : t k.ess eestruu t ton nt our fores., It y c. : iT .l i; '. i to have pat;' nee with the arpu-n-.M.t.M o' the-e j crx-or.A Tc.-u-.kff to our own re -kit m the u-e c? cur opl end IJ for- ?:?. we c:.ve already crossed the vare of a tlnh-r fau.iuo in this country, and mo Tr.f.ifn:-,., tt Wt) r.cw take cm. at le:i for n.nhy . y.. uiio th.e nus.-hlef that has1 al r - ,y ha.-n done. P-ut we can prevent fur t er nu-'l-f l;rc done; nnd it would be in the hl--ht .jeirrer re pi ehenaihle to- let ttuiy c. 'r..iler.'it:ot; if ttntrorary convenience or : rr-.i-orai-y sst Interfere with uch " action, e. i hilly ax rr-s irds the National forests w hih the Nat it n can uow, at this very moment, cnrtr'I. I'nmae by Forest Wate. AIT Ft-rioii Ftuurnts of the question are nware of ' i.e pr at damage that has beon (h e In ti e Me iiterraman. countries of Kiir -re. A., a. ar 1 AfrUa. by de-iorejs t-ritlon. 'it " similar l;:mafr that tixa beta done in K;- tte - n -A,-!. :. iess well known. , A reeer.t invent nation U.to condition In XrOrth China by Mr. Frank X. Meyer, of the'. Bureau of I'.ant Industry of the United- States repaxt n nt of Agriculture, ria Incluec tally f ur-n'K-hed in very .etr iking -fashion proof of the ruin that comes from reckless oer'orestatlon cf n'ei;ntar.?. ar.d of the further fact that the .. an;. I once dere may prove practically irr.--arable. So important are these dnveati cat ;!: that I tterewita attach as an ap Inilx to rr.y meeice certain photographs 1 ii:oii:c pre tent conditions in China, They sh-.w in vivid fashion the uppalMr.ff desola ti. i, taking the t-ha; of barrerf mountains ai-.d pravel and ainJ-covercd piains, which ln.nud;,:terj- loliows and dependa upon the c.f v.re - tat ir.n of the mountains. Not many cer.tvrb.rt nco the country .f Northern CMrti v & one f the nuvt fertile and beautinii s; .its in the . retire world, and was heavily foresud. We know thi not oniy from the bet lawvers th.-y ran obtain to pIcK naws 'he' -tt-tut'-l ni-.or tlieir jiafage; but u:,o rn.plov a cln.s of s.-ret aent v u. iv . i-t.der th r-.vi. e of experts, to : ' .. .. .., ,,..,l oT-.ca throuKh ta oi l Chinese record, -but from the accounts Si-en by the traveler, ila-roo Polo. He, for instance, mention that In visiting th iVovineea of Shansi and Shensl he observed majiy plantation of mulberry tree Now there Im hardly a single mulberry tree . In either of these provinces, and the-culture of the silkworm has moved farther south, to re gions of atmospheric moisture. As an illus tration of tho complete change In the rivers, we may take Polo s jnatement that a certain river, the Hun Ho, was so large and deep that merchants ascended It from the eea with heavily laden boats; today this r';s simply a broad sandy bed, with sha low., rapid current, wandering hither and thltner aeross it. absolutely unnavigable. But we do not have to depend upon written recorca. The dry wells, and the wells with water far below the former watermark, bear testi mony to the good day of the past and the evil days of the present. Wherever the na tive vegetation ha been allowed to remain, as. for instance, here and there around a sacred temple or imperial burying ground, there are a: ill huge trees and tangled jungle, f-asmonts of the glorious ancient forest. The thick, matted forest growth formerly covered the mountain to their summits All natural factom favored this dense 'oreM Krowth. and a long as It was permitted to the plains at the foot of the moun tain were among the most fertile on the globe and the whole cpuntTy was a garden. Kot the slightest effort was made to prevent the unchecked cutting of the .trees or to secure reforestation. Doubtlew for nianv centuri the tree-cutting by the ln fiSJanlTof the mountain, worked but ftlowlj in bringing about the changes that have now come to pass; doubtlew for generations the SJSIda .wire scarcely noticeable But there came a time' when the foreat had .htaink ButTiclently to make each year cutting eeriois matter, and from that time on the nstructioa proceeded with appalling rapidity. S?" of course, each year of destruction ren dered the forest less able to "JPJ" able to resist next year's inroad. Mr. . Meyer Btruetion even now, when there Is so ""le rt d. morning men and boy go out armed with mattock or ax, scale the steepest mountain sides, and cut down and grr out, root and branch the small tc. cn-vent their distraction. Each famll. .immediate of the "'l?? some other comrnunlt. In "B , th9 Bene of JElllo of ""h "mail ,nterr 1n-"bry t.ui.he.1 into a policy of irrmip l InnltriDiy ' t -non! to take .lostructinn which can ' ( one ot tho,1Kbt for the n.0rro-,J1,a? to Wave to aary for the common safety. (ve of Kuin lo old World. The lesion of deforestation In China 1. a lem whJch mankind should h.v. learned many time, already from what has oc curred In o,.hcr paces. D.nud.tlon naked .oil; then gullying cut, do the bar rock; and meanwhile the oc'.-""-' buries, the bottom land,. W the loll Is on. 'men must go; and the erocess doe. ni.i:K:& v.imcuon o'thaabofut"s0; In N..ffh-rn China his broueht about, or ha, Aided in brl.,KlnS about. . the destruction of the forest, In Cen tra. A.a aidrtUd bring..., ruin to the once rich central Asian cities; Ji.st as the de struction ot th. forests 1n "t f.rhS helped towards tho ruin of a relon that wi ft fertile granary in Roman aa. J. ort.!Bhted mail whether barl.arlc Km -ctMu "d or hat he mistakenly raid a, full v clvlllied. when he has destroyed fhe forest, has rendered certain . the ulti mate destruction of tne .land itself. in Northern China the mountains "re now ;uch as are shown by the acompanMnr photographs, absolutely barren peaks. .Not onTy havPe the fore,., been destroyed, but because of their destruction the soil ha, boon washed off the naked rock. The ter Hbl" consequence is that it f, iPoslt'l no.v to undo the damace that has been done. Many centuries would have to pass before soil would asaln collect, or could bJ 7aue to collect. In ''' one more to support the old-time forest growth. In conseuuence the Mongol Des ert I, practically extending eastward over Northern China. The climate has changed and U ? "till changlh. It has changed even within the last half century, as the work, ot tree destruction has been consummated. The great musses of arboreal vegetation on the mountains formerly nbsorbed the neat of the sun and sent up current of cool air which brought tho moiiure-laden clouds lower and forced them to precn-ltate in rain a part of their burden of water. Now that there Is no vegetation, the barren mountains, scorclled by the sun. send up currents of heated air which drive away Instead of attracting the rain clouds and cause their moisture to b. disseminated. In consequence. InBtead of the regular and plentiful rains which existed in these re gion of China when the forests were still In evidence, the nufortunate Inhabitants ot the deforested lands now see their crop wither for lack of rainfall, .while the sea son, grow more and more Irregular; and a, tho air becomes dryer certain crops refuse longer to grow Bt all. That everything dries out faster than formerly Is shown by the fact that the level of the wells all over the land tias unk perceptibly, many of them having become totally dry. In addi tion to the resulting agricultural distress, the watercourses have changed. Formerly they were narrow and deep, with an abun dance of clear water the year round; for the roots and humus of the forests caught the rainwater and let it escape by slow, regular seepage. They have now become broad, shaliuw stream beds, in which muddy water trickles in Blendert currents during th dry seasons, while when It rains there are freshets, and roSWng muddy tor- . rents come tearing down, bringing disas ter and destruction everywhere. Moreover, these floods and freshets, which diversify the general drynesK. wash away from the -mduntain Bides, and either wash away or cover In the valley, the rich, fertile Boll which It took tens of thousands of year for Nature to form; and it is lost forever, and until the forest! grow again it can not be replaced. The sand and stones from the mountain sides ar washed loose and come rolling down to cover the arable land, and In consequence, throughout this part of China, -many formerly rich district are now' sandy wastes, useless for uman cultivation and even for pasture. Th cities have been of course seriously af fected, tor the streams have gradually ceased to be navigable. -There I testimony that even within the memory of men now UvlngMhere has been a serlou diminution ot tho rainfall of Northeastern China. Th level of the Sungarl River In Northern iTanchuria has been sensibly lowered during the last 50 year, at least rartly as the result of the Indiscriminate cutting 'of the forests forming its watershed. Almost all the rivers of Northern China have become uncontrollable, and very dangerous to the dwellers along thetr banks, as a direct result of the destruction of the fortats. The Journey from Pekln to Johol shows In melancholy fashion how th soil has been washed awaytrom whole valleys," so that th'ey have been converted Into deserts. Involution Follow Always. In Northern China thl disastrous, pro cess has gone on so long and ha pro ceeded so far that no complete remedy could be applied. There are certain moun tains In China frorr. which the soil is gone so utterly that only the slow action of the es COUia api.i. niuro ji; muiuuku, nrse, much could be done to prevent the ron til Mo ill iuriiitr -rtflt.u c.iiai.iit ui i. aior.gO.iai. Udoci, i. , iiiuc:i,a eu' " ment would act at once. Tho accompany ing cuts from photographs show the Incon ceivable desolation of the barren moun tains tn which certain of these river rise mountains, be it remembered. which formerly supported dense forests of ..larches and firs, now unable to produce any wood, and because of their condition a source of danger to the whole country. The photo graphs also show the same rivers after they have passed through the mountains, the bed having become broad and aandy because of the deforestation of the moun tain On of the photographs shows a caravan passing through a valley. Form erly, when the mountains were forested. It was thickly peopled by prosperous peas- I antS. COW IIIU UWUS 111..W U.II1CU uwuuv- 1 tlon all over the land and the valley is a Stony aeserw rtiiuiuri vuuiidii Bip'na a mountain-, road covered with the stones and rocks that are brought down in the rainy season from the mountains " which have already been deforested by human hands. Another shows a pebbly river-bed in Southern Manchuria where what was qnce a great stream has dried up owing to the deforestation in the mountains. . Only some scrub wood Is left, which will dis appear within a half century. Yet an other shows th effect of one of th wash- outs.' destroying an arable mountain side, these washouts being due to the removal of all vegetation; yet in this photograph the foreground shows that reforestation is stIH a possibility In places. What has thus happened in Northern China, what has happened in Central Asia in Palestine, in North Africa, in parts or the Mediterranean countries of Europe, will surely happen In our country If we do not exercise that wise forethought which should be one of the chief marks of any people calling itself civilized. Nothing should be permitted to stand In the way of the pres ervation of the forests, and It Is criminal to permit Individuals to purchase a Utile gain for themselves through the destruc tion of forests when this desiruqtion Is fatal to the well-being of the whole coun try In the future. System in River Improvement. Action should be begun forthwith dur ing tUe present session of the Congress, for the improvement of our-inland water way action which will result m giving us not only navigable but navigated rivers. e have spent hundreils of millions of dollars j.pon these waterways, yet she traffic on nearly all of them -i, steadily declining. This condition is the direct result of tive absence uf any comprehensive and far-seeing plan of. waterway ipTovement- Obvi ously wa can not continue thu to expend the revenues of the Government without return. It Is poor business to spend money for inland navigation, unless we gel It. Inquiry into the condition of the Missis sippi and Its principal trbiitaries reveals very many Instances f the utter waste caused by the methods whlcji have hither to obtained for the so-called "improvement" of navigation. A striking Instance Is sup piled by the "Improvement" 'of the. Ohio, which, begun In 1SH4. was continued under a single plan for half a century.. In 1S75 a hew plan was adopted and followed for a quarter of a century. In 11HJ2 still a dif ferent plan was adopted, and has since been pursued at a rate which only promises a navigable river In from 20 to 100 years longer. ' Such shortsighted, vacillating and futile methods are accompanied b- decreasing water-borne commerce and increasing traf fic congestion on land, by Increasing floods, and by the waste of public money. The remedy- lies in abandoning the methods which have so signally failed and adopting new ones In keeping with the needs and demands of our people. Defect In rresentMethods. In a report on a measure introduced al the first session of the present Congress, the Secretary of War said; -'The chief de fect !ri the methods hitherto pursued lies in. .He- nhsenco of executive authority for originating comprehensive plans coverings the country or. natural divisions thereo!" la this opinion I i heartily concur. ine present methods not only fail to give us Inland navigation, but they are injurious to the Army as well. What Is virtually a permanent detail of the Corvs of Ent gi. eers to civilian duty necessarily impairs the efficiency of our military establishment. The military engineers have undoubtedly done effjeient work In actual construction, but they are necessarily un:ulted by their training ami tradition to take the broad view, and to.eather and. transmit to the Congress the commercial and industrial in-J formation and forecasts, upon wnicn v. dier way improvement must always so largely rest. Furthermore, t hoy , have tailed to grasp the" great underlying facf that every itivam is a unit from Its source to its mouth, and that all tls uses are interde pendent. Prominent olficers of the En gineer Corps have recentiy even gone so fur as to ueert In pi int. that waterways are not dependent upon the conservation of the forests about their headwaters. This position Is opposed to all tha recent work ot the scientmo bureaus of the Government and to the general experience of mankind. A physician who disbelieved in vaccination would not be the right man to handle an epidemic of smallpox, nor should we leave a doctor skeptical about the transmission of yellow fever by the Stegomyla mosquito l.l charge of sanitation at Havana or Panama.- bo with the improvement of our riv ers; it Is no longer wise or safe to leave thlp great work in the haiVls of men who fail to grasp the. essential relations between navluatton and general development and to assimilate, and use the central facts about our stream. - . , Create Permanent ComniissioD. Until the work of river improvement is undertaken in a modern way It can not have results that will meet he needs of thl modern Nation." These needs should be met without further dilly-dallying or delay. The plan which promises the best and quickest results Is that of a permanent commission authorized to co-ordinate the work of all the Government departments relating to waterways, and to frame and supervise the execution of a comprehensive plan. Under such a commission the actual work of construction might be entrusted to the reclamation service; or to the mili tary engineers acting with a sufficient num ber of civilian to continue the work In time of war; or it might be divided between the reclamaton service and the Corps of Engineers. Funds should be provided from current revenues if it "is deemed wise otherwise from- the sale of bonds... The essential thing is that , the work should go forward under the best possible plan and with the least possible delay. We should have a new tyte- of work and a new or ganization for planning .and directing it. The time for playing with' out waterways is past' The country demands results. . Care of National Parks. . t urge that all our National parks ad jacent to National forests be placed com pletely under the control of tha forest serv ice of the Agricultural Department, instead of leaving them as they now are, under the Interior Department and policed by the Army. The Congress should provide for superintendents with adequate corps of first-class civilian scouts, or rangers, and further, place the road construction under tlie superintendent' instead of leaving It with the War Department. Such a change in park management would result in econ omy and avoid the difficulties ot adminis tration which now .arise from having the responsibility of care and protection divided between different departments. The need for this course is peculiarly great in tho Yellowstone Park. This, lika the Yosemlte. is a great wonderland, and should be kept as a National plaground. m In both all wild things should- be protected, and the scenery kept wholly unmarred. -1 am happy to say that I have been able., to set aside In various parts ot tfie country small, well-chosen tracts of ground to aerve as sanctuaries and nurseries for wild creatures. m I'M of Denatured Alcohol. . I had occasion In my message -of May 4, 1906. to urge the passage of some law putting alcohol, used in the arts, industries and manufactures, upon the free list; that Is, to provide for 'the withdrawal free of tax of alcohol which is to be denatured for those purposes. Th law of June T. 1900, and its amendment of March 2. 1907. ac complished what was. desired in that re sp'ect, and the us of denatured alcohol, as intended.' is making a" fair degree of pro gress -and is entitled to further encourage ment and support from the Congress. V Pure ' Food. The pur-food legislation has already worked a benefit difficult to overestimate. - Abolish Indian Agents. It has been my purpose from the begin ning of my Administration to tak the In dian Service completely out of the atmos phere of rolltlcal activity, and there hns been steady progress toward that end. The last remaining, stronghold of politics in that service was the agency system, which had seen it best days and wa gradually f&llin'g to pieces from natural or purely evo lutionary causes, but. like all such sur vivals, was decaying slowly In Is later stages. It seem clear tnat its extinction had better be made final now. so that the. ground can be cleared for larger con structive work . on behalf of the Indians, preparatory to their Induction Into the full measure of responsible oitiznshlp. On November 1 only 18 agencies were left on the roster; with' two exceptions, where some legal questions '"seemed to stand- te'nipo rarly -In the way. these have been changed to superintendences, and their heads brought into the classified clviV service. . I's of Secret Service. v . Tjast year an amendment wa Incorporat ed .in the measure providing tor the Secret Service, which provided that there should be no detail. from the Secrit Service and no transfer- therefrom; It is not toy much to say that this amendment has been of benefit .only, and could be of benefit only, .to the criminal classes. If deliberately introduced for ttfle purpose of diminishing the effectiveness .pf war against crime it could not have been bet ter devised to this end. It forbade the practices that had been followed to - a greater or less extent by the executive heads of Various departments for 20 years. To these practices we owe the securing of evidence which enabled u tp drive great lotteries cut of business and secur a quar- "We are showing this season a very superior line of ladies' and men's Writing Desks, in golden oak, mahogany, birdseye maple, wal nut and weathered oak, in a great variety of models. Prices range from $6.50 to $100. We show here today a sample from the medium-priced stock. ... This is Style No. 238, and the illustration was made from photo. "We have the same style in golden oak, birdseye maple' and mahogany. The writing table is 28x30; the1 interior arrangement of pigeon-holes, stamp-drawers, etc.', is both novel and convenient. Two large drawers beneath writing table give ample capacity for records and coriwspondence.. I)rawer pulls and locks are of polished brass ; made by the celebrated Ilerzog Furniture Company, they are of the highest standard of workmanship in every de tail, the hand-rubbed polish being ex- ceptionally fine. They make beautiful and serviceable gifts and priced atT - ' Easy terms if desired. Good goods and the lowest prices in the city on all kinds of holiday goods. GEVURTZ' RECEPTION TONIGHT You' are extended a cordial invitation to attend our reception tonight, commenc ing at 7 o'clock. Music on the third floor. Take a fine art calendar with you. First and Yamhill. ter of a ml of dollars in fines from their promoters. These- practice, have en abled us tr. discover some of the most out rageous frauds . in connection with the theft of Government land and Government timber by great corporation, and by individuals.- These- oractices have enabled us tol get soma of the evidence Indispensable In order to secure the convietlon of the wealthiest and most formidable, criminals with hom the Government ha o deal, both those operating In violation of the antitrust law and others. The amendment 1,1 question waa of benefit to no one ex-, ceptlng to these criminals, and it serlousiy hampers the Government In the detection of crima and .the securing of Justice. More over it not only affects decartments out side 'of the Treasury, but it tends to hamper the Secretary of the Treasury himself in the errort to utilize tne employe of his department so as to best met the require ments ot the public service. It forbids him from preventing frauds upon the cus toms service, from investigating Irregulari ties in branch mints and assay oltices. and has 'seriously crippled him. It prevents the promotion of employes In the Secret Service; and- tlis further discourages good efforr ' In Its present form .he. restriction operates vnl" to tne advantage of the crim inal of the wrongdoer. The chief argument in favor of the provision was , that tha Congressmen did not themselves wish to be Investigated by Secret Service hicn. Very little of 'such investigation has been done In the past; but It Is true that the work of the Secret Service agents was partly re sponsible for the indictment and conviction of a Senator and a Congressman for land fraud in Oregon. I do not believe that it Is in . the public Interest to protect crim inals in anybranch of the public service, and exactly as we have again and again during the past seven years prosecuted and convicted such criminals who were in the executive branch of the Government, so in my beBef we should - be. given ample means to prosecute them If found in the legislative branch. But it thl if not con sidered desirable a special exception could be made In the law prohibiting the use of the Secret Service force In investigating members ot the Congress. It would be far bettor to do this than to do. what actually was done, arid strive to prevent or at least to hamper effective action against criminals by the executive branch of the Government. Ehlbbh Postal Banks. I again renew my recommendation for postal snvlngs banks, for depositing savings with the security of the Government be hind them. The object is to encourage thrift and economy in the wage-earner and person of moderate means. In fourteen states the deposits in savings banks a reported to the Controller of the Currency amount to $3,390,245,402. or 33.4 per cent of tha entire deposits, while in the remain ing S2 states there are only $70,308,543. or 1.6 per cent, showing conclusively that there aro many localities In the United States where sufficient opportunity Is not glven to the poople to deposit their sav ings. Tho result is that money Is kept in hiding and unemployed. It 1, believed that the aggregate, vast sums of money would be brought Into circulation through the instrumentality of the postal Bavin ga barks. While there are only 14.13 savings banks reporting to the Controller, therrf are more than 61.000 postoftlces, 40,000 of which are money-order offices. Postal sav ings banks are now in operation in prac tlcaWy all the great civilized countries with the exception of the United States. . Rural Puroela Post. In my last annual message I commended tho Postmaster-General's recommendation for an extension of the parcel post on the rural 'routes. The establishment of a local parcel post on rural routes would be to the mutual benefit of the farmer and the country storekeeper, and it Is desirable that the routes, serving more than 15,000.000 people, should be utilized to the fullest practicable extent. An amendment was proposed tn tho Senate at tne last ses sion, at the suggestion of the PostmaAter General. providing that, for the purpose of ascertaining the practicability of estab lishing a special local parcel post, system on the rural routes throughout the United States, the Postmaster-General be author ized and directed to experiment and report to the Congress the result of such experi ment by establishing a special local parcel post system on rural delivery routes in not to, exceed four counties In the United Stages for packages of fourth-class matter origi nating on a rural route or at the distrib uting postofflce for delivery by rural car riers. It would seem only 'proper that such art experiment should be tried in order to demonstrate' the practicability of the prop osition, especially a the Postmaster-General estimates that the revenue derived from the operation of Buch .a system on ail the rural routes would amount to many million dollars. , . More Money for Education. . The share that the National Government shouldV tako in the broad work of educa tion has not received the. attention.,, and the care it rightly deserve. The immedi ate - responsibility for the support and. Im provement of our educational systems and institutions rests and should always rest with the people of the several state acting through their atate and local government, but the Nation has- an opportunity In edu cational work which must not be loat and a duty which should no longer be neglected. The National Bureau of education wa es tablished more than 40 years ago. Its pur pose Is to collect, and diffuse such Informa tion "as shall aid the people of the United States in the establishment and maintenance of efficient "school systems and otherwise pro mote the cause of education throughout the country." This purpose in no way conflicts A WRITING DESK MAKES AN IDEAL. GIFT FOR A LADY OR GENTLEMAN 0NS with the educational work of the states, but may be made of great advantage to the: states by giving them the fullest, most ac curate, and hence the most helpful Informa tion and suggestion regarding the best edu cational system.-. The Nation, through its broader field of activities. Its wider oppor tunity for obtaining information from all the states and "from foreign countries, is able to do that which not even the richest Btates can do. and with the distlnot additional ad vantage that the information thus obtained Is used for the immediate benefit of ail our people. " -With the limited means hitherto provided, the Bureau of Education ha rendered effi cient service, but the Congress has neglected ro adequately supply the bureau with means to meet the educational gi-owth of the coun try. The appropriations for the general work of the bureau, outside education In Alaska, for the year 1900 are but $87,50(1 an amount less than they were ten years ago, and some or the Important Items In these approprra tions are less than they were 30 years ago. It is an Inexcusable waste of public money to appropriate an amount which Is so Inade quate as to make It Impossible properly to do the work authorized, and it Is unfair to the great educational Interests, of thel coun try to deprive them of the value of the re sults which can be obtained by proper ap propriations. I earnestly recommend that this unfor tunate state of affairs as regards the Na tional educational office be remedied by ade quate appropriations. This recommendation Is urged by the representatives of our com mon schools and great state universities and the leading educators, who all unite In re questing favorable consideration and action by the Congress upon this subject. Civil Service Law for Censu. I strongly urge that the request of the Di rector of the Census in connection with, the decennial work so soon to be begun, be com plied with and that the appointments to the census force be placed under the civil service law, waiving the geographical requirement as requested by the Director of the Census. The supervisor and enumerators should not be appointed under the civil service law. for the reason given by the Director. I commend to the Congress the careful consideration or the admirable report of the Director of the Census, and I trust that his recommendations will be adopted and Immediate action thereon taken. Care of Public Health, It is highly advisable that there should be Intelligent action on the part of the -lon on the question of preserving the health of the country. Through the practical ex termination in San Francisco of dU-ease-bear-lng rodents our country has thu far escaped the bubonlo plague. This is but one of the many achievements of American health officers- and it shows what can be accomplishe I with a better organisation than at present XThe' dangers to public health from-food adulteration and from many other sources such as the menace to the physical, mental ar.d moral development of children from child labor, should be met and overcome. There are numerous diseases, which ar now known to be preventable, which are, never theless, not prevented. The recent Inter national Congas on Tuberculosi, h mad us painfully aware of the Inadequacy of American public health lWation This Na tion cannot afford to lag behind in the world-wide battle now being waged by all civilized people with the microscopic foes of mankind, nor ought w. longer to ignore , th. reproach that this Government takes mon pains to protect the lives of hogs end, of cat Tle than of human beings. The first legisla tive step to be taken 1 that for the concen tration of the proper bureaus into one of the existing departments. I therefore urgently "comnfend the passage of a bill which shall "uThoriz a redlstrlbutlo. of the bureaus which shall best accomplish thl end. Control of Public Printing. I recommend that legislation be enacted nlaclng under the Jurisdiction of the De partment of Commerce and Labor the Gov ernment Printing Office. At present this office is under the combined control, super vision and administrative direction of the President and of the Joint committee on minting of th two House of the Congress. The advantage of having th. 4009 pIoy. in this office and the expenditure of the $5 761,877.57 appropriated therefor super-t-taed by an executive department la ob vious. in.tead of th present combined u- peAU8loldier" homes should be placed un der the complete Jurisdiction and control of the War Department. . Economy and sound business policy re quire that all existing Independent bureaus and commissions should be placed under the Jurisdiction of appropriate executive depart ments It Is unwise from every standpoint, and result only In mischief, to have any executive work done save by the purely executive bodies, under the control of the President; and each such executive body hould b under the Immediate upervllon of a Cabinet Minister. . Admit Two New Stat. I advocate the immediate admission .of New Mexico and Arizona as state This should be done at the present session of the congress. The people of the two ter ritories have made it evident by their vote that they will not come In a one tate. The only alternative 1 to admit them a two. and I trust thl mill be done without call th attention of the Congress to th importance of the problem of the fish eries in the interstate water. On the Great Lakes we are now, under the very wise treaty of April 11 of this year, endeavor ing to come to an international agreement for the preservation and satisfactory us of the fisheries of these waters which can not otherwise be achieved. Lake Erie, for wiiiiii (WiiMa Just Like Cut j Second and Yamhill. example, has the richest fresh water fish eries in the world, bu it Is now controlled by the statutes of tw6 nations, four states and one province, and in this province by different ordinances tn different counties. All these political divisions work at cross purposes, and In no case can they achieve protection to the fisheries, on the one hand, and Justice to the localities and Individuals on the other. The case Is similar In Puget Sound. Columbia, River Ilsherle. But the problem Is quite as pressing In the interstate waters of the United State. The salmon fisheries of the Columbia Klver are now but a fraction of what they were 25 years ago, and what they would be now if the United States Government had taken complete charge of them by intervening be tween Oregon and Washington. During these 25 years the fishermen of each state have naturally tried to take all they could get. and the two Legislatures have nevev been able to agree on Joint action of any kind adequate in degree for the protection of the fisheries. At the moment the fish ing on the Oregon side is practically closed, whlie there Ib no limit on the Washington side of any kind, and no one can tell what the courts will decide as to the very stat utes under which this action and nonac tion result. Meanwhile very few salmon reach the spawning grounds, and probably four years hence the fisheries will amount to nothing: and this comes from a struggle between the associated, or gill-net, fisher men on the one hand, and the owners ot the fishing wheels up the river. The fisher ies of the Mississippi, the Ohio and the Potomac are also in a bad way. For this there Is no remedy except for the United "States to control and legislate for the In terstate fisheries as part of the business of Interstate commerce. In thl cas the ma chinery for scientific investigation and for control already exists In the United States Bureau of Fisheries. In this as in similar problems the obvious and simple rule should be followed by having those matters which no particular state can manage taken In hand by tho United States; problems which In the seesaw of conflicting state Legisla tures are absolutely unsolvable ar aasy enough for ihe Congress to control. The Federal statute regulating interstate trafTlc In game should be extended to In clude fish. New Federal fish hatcheries should be established. The administration of the Alaskan Fur-seal service should bo vested In the Bureau of Fisheries. Nation' Foreign Policy. This Nation's foreign policy Is hsd on i I t f I I Our Tuning and Repair Department I I I f I f V I ' Has for years been th best on the Coast, as the year- ly Increase In business will attest. Recently the servicos of Mn. J. A. Shaw, a piano and plano player expert of most exten sive experience In Eastern manufacturing; circles and of National renown, has been added to our force. Surround ed, as we are, by a corps of trained and competent tuners, polishers and regulators, the quality of our work Is meet ing with enthusiastic approval at all hands. Under our an nual tuning contract thou sands of pianos of various makes and styles have been tuned and carefuUy cared for durinsr the past year. With our doubly efficient corps of tuners we expect to add great ly to this number. Let us explain to you how our yearly piano tuning- con tract at $5.50 will save you money. Insure your piano al ways belnfr in tune and, best of all, will prevent It from depreciating- In value. Telephone or mall order" receive prompt attention. Exchange Ko. 23 dlinvtvr ot picttiorelitibilitx 353 WASHINGTON STnEET. i A 2354 tf