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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 29, 1903)
THE MOKJNlJSlx UKlSGUJXIAlf, WiSKSDAr, JUlcY ZS, 1903. KUre4 at thu Pottofflee a.t PortUnfi. Owgos. as second-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Hal! tpostage prepaid, in advance) D&lly, un Sunday, per month ..?0.K Sally, Sunday excepted, per Jeir 7.w Sally, with Sunday, per year -5 Suaday. per year .... Tht Weekly, per year........ -$X The Weekly. Z months. ....... To city Subscribers ..... Cally, per -week, delivered. Sunday excepted. 15o Dally, per week. delivered. Sunday lacluded.200 POSTAGE RATES. United States. Canada od Mexico 50 to 14-page paper... 16 to SO-page paper 51 to -p&s paper ...... Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for -publication to The Oregonl&a should bo addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlaa." not to the name ef any Individual. letters relating to adver tising, subscription, or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." Eastern Business Offlce, 48. 44, 45. 47. 48. 49 Tribune building, New York City; 510-11-12 Tribune building. Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth Epeclal Agency. Eastern representative. For sale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee, Pal ace Hotel news etand; Goldsmith Bros., 236 gutter street; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market street! J. K. Cooper Co.. 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Foster St Orcar. Ferry news stand; Frank Scott. SO Ellis street, and N. Wbeatley, 818 Mission street. For sale In Los -Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 250 South Spring street, and Oliver & Haines. 80S South Spring street. For sale In Kansas City. Mo., by Ricks ecker Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut streets. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Cv 217 Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonald, 63 Washington street. For sale In Omaha by Sarkalow Bros.. 1612 Farnaxn street; Megeath Stationery Co., 180S Farnam street. For sale In Ogden by W. O. Kind. 11 25th atreet; Jas. H. Crockwell. 242 25th street. For sale la Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 West Second South street. For sale In Washington, X. C, by the Ebbett House new stand. For sale In Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrlck. 800-012 Seventeenth street; Louthan Jt Jackson Book & Stationery Co.. Fifteenth mad Lawrence streets: A. Series, Sixteenth and Curtts streets. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature. 82; minimum temperature, 55; pre cipitation, 0. TODAY'S WEATHER Fair; northerly winds. SOR.TLAXDf WEDNESDAY, JULY 29. ASPECTS OF THE LABOR. SITUATION. New York's experience with the build ing trades is parallel with Portland's, The tendency is for separate trades to handle their -own affairs, masters and men. The boss painters and journey men painters can get together and set lie their own difficulties better than they can with outside help or hindrance, The Building Trades Council in New York got its component unions into a good deal such a mess as the unions of Portland were got Into by their Building Trades Council. In New York the break-up took the form of an offer of separate arbitration agreements from the employers, and though the Building Trades Council opposed the arrangement, so many unions have accepted the offer of the bosses, In spite of the Trades. Council's discipline, that some 35,000 men have gone back to work. In Portland the strike went to pieces a good deal in the same way. The experience of both sides was that more was lost than gained by the actions of Buttinskis among employers and men .alike. It is possible that this experience points out the ultimate solution of labor troubles and the limit that must be 'set to organization. United action is be neficent for masters on their side and for men on their side, and up to the point of complete control of any given trade; but to seek to mix carpenters and painters, or masons and laborers, seems to complicate the situation attd impede settlement. It is noticeable that in the more successful and least troubled trades this jealousy of outside Interference is very marked. The .as pect of the building world, at least, tends to call in question the feasibility of Mr. Parry's plan for a universal or ganizatlon of employers, aiming at pro miscuous warfare on employes all along the line. Comes now this Spokane eplsodte, to becloud the whole situation with fresh' doubt. In no industry has the principle of organized employers and organized employes in a single trade been car ried to such perfection as In the jiews paper business. There is a standing agreement, under which disputes are submitted to arbitration, work mean While going on without strike or lock. out. ontracts are signed for one year or three years, and strikes have been practically eliminated. Yet in the face of this highly successful and mutually pleasant arrangement;the modus oper andi has utterly broken down in Spb kane, with all the operators out on strike, three dally papers unable to ap pear, and, until yesterday's precipitate settlement, every indication of a pro tracted fight, ruinous to both sides. We have no purpose to discuss the merits of the Spokane controversy, least of all to pronounce judgment on the xight of the case. All the facts are not at hand, and generally it is some one or more remote circumstance, kept in the background by one or both parties to the controversy, which would deter mine the decision of a just judge, rather than the points so ostentatiously parad ed by the contestants. On Its face the publishers' statement stamps the union and the typographical president as the most idiotic and unprincipled of earthly creatures a hypothesis which is, course valueless for any practical pur pose. On the other hand, the union'; firm belief that the arbitration award was irregular In its legal status and un . fairly obtained seems to us inadequate as an excuse for rupture of all further arbitration proceedings and deliberate appeal to force. Leaving the merits of the case on one side, therefore, the Spokane outbreak Is interesting as calling in question the complete satlsfactorlness of a working agreement between masters and men in a single trade for the entire country. It will certainly be hailed with delight by General Otis, of the Los Angeles Times, and all other antagonists of or ganlzed labor, who hold that contracts with unions are useless, because unions will not keep their agreements. It will also suggest the query whether, after all, one course of procedure can be made to fit the widely differing condl lions of distant places and unlike clr cumstances. It Is, moreover, a forcible reminder that arbitration, after all. Is a mere Instrument and not the cause in itself which dreamers sometimes seem fondly to Imagine. It. Is possible, also, that if a settlement had not been promptly reached the sequel might hav carried a warning for employers as well namely, that it is sometimes better to: "agree with thine adversary quickly, while thou art in the way with him.'' It is seldom that the victor In these battles rises unscathed from the com bat. Notwithstanding the fact that the busiest season of the year in agricul tural occupations, in logging and rail- road camps, in woodch'opplng, handling and- storing, on dairy ranches, In clear ing land every phase, Indeed, or what is known ns -common labor la on. there are a great many idle men In this city ho profess to he .unable to find work. The able-'bodled beggar Is a' frequent visitor at back doors In the suburbs, and men lounge around the billboards on various corners under pretense of finding something to -do. But now a flaxgrower of Marlon County, utterly falling Jn the attempt to get men or boys to pull his crop, was compelled to put a -mower at work upon It; dairymen find it Impossible to get steady, sober men to milk : their cows, and wheat- growers approach the harvest time anx iously as the prospect of securing hands that can- be depended -upon to work throughout the season is anything but encouraging. Hopgrowers are some what less apprehensive on the labor score, since women and children rany to the hopflelds in picking-time, and this class of help is generally reliable. The fruit season is already on, and here, again, .the .grower Is .handicapped in his effort to secure, clean, sober, re liable men to handle his crops. '"Wages in all of these branches of industry are good higher, indeed, than employers can afford to pay and yet the -"can't-get-work" vagrant hangs around the cities and towns of the country, begs food from back doors to keep base life afoot, -and sleeps In odd corners with his clothes on. It may be hoped that no one out of sympathy for the hungry will feed these Idlers. Sympathy for any able-bodied person who will not work Is misplaced. It discredits the judgment of the sympathizer and en courages indolence and all of its mis chievous train of public Ills and pri vate vices to . feed idlers. Let good housewives turn a deaf ear -to the pet!T tlon of back-door beggars for "a little bite to eat" and send them about such business as they have with few wordsl BRITISII COMMON SENSE. Thirty-seven residents of Walla Walla County,. "Washington, have been listed as habitual drunkards by order of the Superior Court Liquor dealers are 'for bidden to furnish them with drinks under severe penalties. The law pro vides that a violator shall forfeit his license, and subjects him to the penalty of selling liquors without a -license. The line Is not less than 550 and not more than $300, or unprlsonment In t!he County Jail of not less than one or not more than six years. This law Is inferior to the new British statute, which not only punishes the liquor dealer, but the alcoholic. Under the British law, when a man Is listed as an Inebriate, he is notified that if he is found Intoxicated In public he will be promptly arrested and confined for a 16ng term In a reformatory. This Im prisonment may be for years if he should prove to be an Incorrigible after undergoing a thorough course of med ical treatment The British thepry of justice in the matter of liquor legisla tion Is sounder than our own, which is usually a jug-handled law that places all the responsibility for the existence of the Inebriate and all the punishment for his .pranks upon the liquor dealer. The British law says that the inebriate Is either responsible or irresponsible for his acts. If he is responsible, he de serves exemplary punishment as a pub lie nuisance and ultimate economic burden on the community. It he Is Ir responsible for his actions through the mental or physical wreck caused by his disease of alcoholism, he must .be sent to a reformatory to remain a longer or shorter term until by enforced medical treatment and restraint ne is deemed fit again for a life of full human freedom and responsibility. England Is an old civilization. It has been confronted with the social evil of intemperance for two centuries. That Is, intemperance has been a serious sub ject for the consideration by her states men and philanthropists for about that time. England has In the past tried the sentimental method of reform, which nlaces the chief moral resnonsl blllty and all the legal penalty upon the liquor-seller to no purpose, and now her lawgivers have reached solid ground when they say that a liquor dealer who shall sell Intoxicants to "a listed drunk ard shall forfeit his license, and that the listed drunkard shall be arrested and punished by a long term of Imprison ment In a reformatory whenever he is found intoxicated. The' British law Is more Instinct with the spirit of equal justice than the prohibitory law In Maine, -which forbids under fine and imprisonment the sale of ardent spirits, and yet does not make it an offense for a man to offer a premium to a liquor- seller to break the law for the satlsfac tlon of the drinker, who knows that the sale is illegal. The logic of prohlbl tlon Is always lame when it punishes the liquor-seller for selling that which any man may buy with impunity knowing that its sale Is forbidden. by law. The British law Is far more just, for It tells the saloonkeeper, "You may not sell to a drunkard, or even a drunken man, with impunity," and also tells the listed Inebriate that If he is found Intoxicated he will-suffer most exemplary punishment The British law holds the alcoholic incorrigible to be a public enemy, man to be held In public restraint of his liberty all his days, if necessary. If It be "urged that this is rather heroic treatment in many cases, the answer Is that it is the best, In the long' run, for the vast majority of habitual drunk ards. If you cannot turn a man's moral pride, sense of self-interest, self- respect and family affection Into an ag. gresslve determination to reform him self, then he Is a subject for science, for the doctor not a fit object upon which to lavish eloquent prayers or sympathetic tears. Any other treat ment of the Incorrigibly Intemperate than this bitterly tonic method is de moralizing and dangerous. Nine times out of ten an able doctor who with un sparing veracity tells his patient that his so-called "craving" for alcohol Is only catarrh of the stomach produced by excess, and that under the restraints of the hospital and tonic treatment of the nervous system he can be restored to a condition of normal health, when he will feel no craving for alcoholic stimulant does more good than all the temperance quacks who make the in temperate weak brother a more peculiar object of sentimental sympathy than any other kind of weak brother or erring sister. The great mass of intemperate people dp not really need such heroic treat ment as Imprisonment They need only the lash of stern social public rebuke and withdrawal of business confidence. The men who reform' do not yield to sentimental treatment, which only makes fat the vice on which they feed. T,he men who reform are those who are capable of self -hate and self-con - tempt because of self-abuse. A man capable of sincere spiritual shame and self-reproach Is capable of reformation, but sentimental treatment Is not calcu lated to rouse the mood which makes a man want to scourge himself from head to foot. Sentimental treatment minis ters to the vice of self-extehuatlon and self-pity Instead of creating the aggres .slve mental atmosphere of self-accusation and reproach. Lashing the vice on which the saloon grows fat, as the .British law does, is not only common sense, but stern complete moral justice, while mere sighing over the saloon smacks of maudlin .reform methods that are debilitating to the public con science and to the Inebriate, who needs the bracing, honest horsewhip of public opinion and harsh private rebuke rather than 'any weak coddling or condoning of his vice. The British law has only enacted the view urged In the North American Review more than ten years ago by Dr. Crothers, who argued that the Inebriate, like the Insane, should be controlled by the state through the commitment of the Incorrigible drunk ards to Industrial hospitals for an In definite time. A CONTEST JOP CIVILIZATIONS. A Southern man, Dr. McCaleb, recent ly reargued the question whether Aaron Burr was a traitor or only a filibuster in 1S06-7, and now another Southern man, George P. Garrison, of the Univer sity of Texas, contributes to the series of "American Commonwealths," pub lished by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., a very interesting book, which he calls "Texas A Contest of Civilizations." The region known as Texas was tra versed by Spanish explorers several times during the sixteenth century, but the first European settlement was made by the famous French explorer. La Salle, who in 1685 built a fort at the head of Matagorda Bay. In 1689 the Spaniards found this settlement com pletely destroyed. When the American filibusters began to pour Into Texas there were only three centers of Span ish population between the Sabine River and the Rio Grande San Antonio, Gol iad and Nacogdoches. San Antonio was the capital of Texas during nearly the whole period of Spanish and Mexican rule, and it . became the scene of the most desperate fighting in jthe cam paigns of 1S35 and 1836t including the defense of the Alamo, which Mr. Gar rison deems the most dramatic episode in American history. It was surely dramatic, but no more so than any des perate battle in which It is known that the besieged may expect no quarter. Custer's men, who fought in the open till the last man was slain, against an overpowering force of hostile Indians, would have made just as good a fight as the-men of the Alamo If they had found themselves cooped up In a fort by an overpowering force of merciless Mexicans. When no quarter Is expect ed, men always make a desperate fight, whether it be against a barbarous In dian or Spanish-Mexican foe. When Anglo-Americans first entered Texas Is not precisely known. The first recorded Anglo-American entry Is No lan's expedition, which took place In 1799-1801. The members of this expedi tion were all killed or captured. In 1812 a band of Americans, led by Magee, an ex-officer of the American Army, in vaded Texas and captured San Antonio, but in July, 1813, they were beaten In a desperate battle with Mexican soldiers, and only a part of them escaped to Louisiana. Then James Long, an ex-officer of the American Army, Invaded Texas in 1819, and with his companions established at Nacogdoches a provisional government and declared Texas, an Independent re public. This was the last of the fili bustering expeditions, for the triumph of the revolutionary movement in Mex ico against Spain made It possible to enter Texas peaceably. The peaceful Anglo-American colonization of Texas was begun by Stephen F. Austin, who conducted a party of settlers to the Lower Brazos In December, 1821. One of the provisions of the land grant ob tained from the Mexican government stipulated that the colonists should fur nlsh evidence that they were Roman Catholics or should become such. These settlers seem to have given up for a time their Protestant practices and to have accepted the ministrations of an Irish priest at marriages, christenings, etc. In 1820 the white population of Texas was estimated at only 4000, but so many Anglo-American Immigrants flowed in that by 1830 the number of white Inhabitants was computed at 20, 000. When Santa Ana In 1835 assumed autocratic power in Mexico, Texas alone held out against this overthrow of the constitution established by the people of Mexico In 1824. The new Anglo-American Republic of Texas was brought Into existence by. a convention that met Marh 1, 1836, at the town of Washington, on, the Brazos, This convention published a declaration of independence and framed a constitu tlon which was In many of its features copied from the Constitution of the United States. This constitution was proslavery, because the great major ity of the colonists were from the slaveholding states, and many of them had brought their slaves with them, but the African slave trade or the Introduc tlon of negroes from any country save the United States was prohibited and declared piracy. Mr. Garrison is con vlnced by his historical investigations that there is no foundation for the old time view that the colonization of Texas was deliberately planned by slavehold ers In order to expand the slaveholding area. The defeat and capture of Santa Ana at San Jacinto, April 2L 1836, secured the independence of Texas. The anni versary of the battle was long the spe clal holiday of the Texans, but of late years Independence day, March 2, Is gradually becoming the chief red-letter day of Texas.- The Independence of Texas was recognized by the United States In 1837, by France In 1839, by Holland and Belgium In 1840, and by Great Britain in 1842. Texas did not need the assistance of the United States to maintain her Independence; its re conquest by Mexico was out of the. question, for Texas was quite capable .of self-defense. This Anglo-American colonization of Texas successfully achieved about what Burr probably intended to accomplish he was a brilliant filibuster by Intent not a traitor. The founders of the Texan Republic Included a number of re markable men of heroic performances and romantic antecedents, Houston and Crockett, had both been distinguished for courage and constancy under Gen eral Jackson In his campaign against the Creek Indians. Houston, dlsap pointed In conjugal love, resigned the Governorship of Tennessee, joined the Cherokee Indians and led a degraded drunken life for several years, but he suddenly cast aside his Indian garb and Indian vices, and, going to. Texas, became Its military hero and savior. J Crockett was killed at the Alanio. The: there was Thomas J. Rusk and James H. Reagan, who were notable men in the history of Texas before her inde pendence was fully assured. The story of Texas Is well named "A Contest of Civilizations." The French were -the first to settle Itfthe Spaniards quickly succeeded the futile settlement of La Salle; then came the Anglo-Americans, who brought with them energy, intel ligence, and progress, and because they did the dld-tlme Province of Texas has become an empire, and the old-time Empire of Mexico has dwindled to a province. For 379 years the reigning pope has been ah Italian, though the Sacred Col lege Is not limited by law or regulation to any nationality. The cardinals are not bound to choose one of their own body. A layman, even a married man. may be lawfully elected. There can be no Intervention by any state In the elec tion. Austria, France and Spain, In modern times, have been allowed to' exclude any single candidate, provided they give notice of their objection be fore the election Is made, but this Ima mere concession, not a right Charles Astor Brlsted, of Lenox, Mass., a mem ber of the pope's household, who has re sided many years In Rome, Is now In this country. He says that It Is an un written law that none save an Italian shall fill the place o'f the pontiff. Ger many would support an Italian rather than a Frenchman for the exalted of fice. Emperor William of Germany would throw his Influence for an Ital lan. A French pope might disturb the pleasant relations of the Vatican and Germany. A' German pope was out of the question;-therefore the new pope would be an Italian. David M. Parry, of Indianapolis, president of the National Manufac turers' Association, Is after "social brigands," otherwise known as walking delegates, hot foot He charges organ Ized labor, through them, with laying claims to the rights of sovereignty that have not often been exercised by the most despotic governments, and de clares that the entire contention Is for the purpose of 'compelling the country to -acknowledge that labor unions pos sess, first, the right to say that no man shall work without their consent, and, second, that no Industry shall be oper ated without their consent President Parry supported these statements by citing a number of strikes. His position Is a strong one, and his words are bold ly uttered. It becomes the reasonable and reasoning men who are high In the councils of labor to ask themselves and each other whether or not the points In his Indictment are well taken, to the end that, If true, a restraining hand may be laid upon the agitators and ir- responslbles who pose as the friends of the laboring man only In the end to work him evil. Of the thirteen convicts who oyerpow ered the guards and made good their escape from Folsom prison Monday morning, all but one were doing time for robbery or burglary. . All were in carcerated for long terms, and two for life. The latter were also "third-term ers," which means that they are pro fessional thieves, and only await -occasion, as developed by the resistance of their victims, to become murderers as well. Desperate men, alL of them, the safety of a wide community depends upon their recapture-04 death. Califor nia justice, notably slow, will scarcely halt in its duty In regard to any of these criminals who may again be haled before the courts. And since murder has already been added to the other crimes of some of them, it may be .that some too long deferred executions will follow. Catjching comes first, however, and Ihe public can only hope that It will come soon 'without the sacrifice of the lives of good men. It will devolve upon Reliance to hold America's cup against the third attempt of the plucky Sir Thomas Llpton to carry it back across the Atlantic. Loyal Americans have full confidence in her ability to do this, but If she should be outsailed they will accept the result gracefully, glad. If the cup must be re linquished, that so game a sportsman -as Sir Thomas carries it away. In tha meantime let us shout for Reliance and confidently expect victory, and thus be sure of such pleasure as waits upon an ticipation. Over in Colorado they are going to form a new party out of the left-overs from the various reform organizations of the past dozen years or so. The mot ley aggregation has not yet been chris tened. No qld hack name will do, for any one of these would be fatal to the organization In its early Infancy, and the country would thereby miss the pe riodical return of the new party circus, with its grand company of performing clowns clothed with wild theories as with a garment. The "thought-lt-was-a-deer" man Is again abroad In Southern Oregon, gun In hand. Unfortunately," he Is a good marksman, and Dr. Cooper, of Curry County, Is dead in consequence. The idiocy that induces a hunter to shoot at a moving object In the bushes can only be diagnosed as mental aberration accompanying "buck fever." Like any other idiot, such, a man cannot be held responsible before the law for his act The spectacle "of negroes fleeing from Illinois to the South for protection is one that discredits history and shames the state that holds the dust of the Great Emancipator. International Geography. ) London Times, received from our New York correspondent ihe text of a. telegram sent by the King on Thursday to President Roosevelt: "July 9. 1903. To tho President of the United States of America: I have the pleasure of entertaining Captain Cotton and the captains of his squadron, and have Just proposed your health with every feeling of cordiality and friendship. "EDWARD R. AND I." Our correspondent adds that the mes sage reached-PfesIdent Roosevelt at Oys ter Bay, In South Florida, where he is making a short stay. South Florida Mercury. Wo have received from our North Sur rey correspondent the text of a telegram sent by the President to King Edward: "Oyster Bay, South Florida, July 21, 1903. To the King of Great Britain and Ireland, St James Palace, near Spring Gardens: I have the pleasure of wishing you Joy on your Irish trip. The best of my regi ment were Irishmen. I have Just done myself the honor to drink your health in Lipton's Irish. Reciprocating your friendly expressions. "THEO. O'ROOSEVELT, President" Our correspondent adds that the mes sage was' delivered to His Majesty at jaonn-on-iica, county os.erry, wnere ne Is spending a few days. "OUR DEBT TO RUSSIA." ' Letter In. New York Tribune. The very remarkable letter, which you print this morning from' an Englishman, signing himself James Hall, requires a reply. Argument seemingly .would bo useless, so I offer him the comfort of the following facts: McCarthy says ("History of Our Own Times," VoL II, pp. 224-223): "The vast majority of what are called the governing classes were on the side of the South. London club life was virtually all South ern. The most powerful papers in Lon don, jmd the most popular papers as well, were'opeii partisans of the Southern Con federacy." Edward A. Freeman, the eminent his torian, shortly after the breaking out of the' war published a famous volume, whose title page Is as follows: "History of Federal Government from the Founda tion of the Achaian League to tho Dis ruption of the United States." Among the list of federal governments Is "The United States, A. D. 177S-1S62." Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton said in an address before the Agricultural Society of Hertford Coupty, September 25, 1S61: "I venture 10 preaict mat tne younger men here will live to see, not two, but at least four separate and sovereign common wealths arising out of those populations which a year ago united their legislation under one President and carried their merchandise under one Hag. I believe that such separation will bo attended with happy results to the safety of Europe and tho development of American civiliza tion." The Earl of Shrewsbury said in his Worcester speech, 1S61: "I see In America the trial of democracy and Its failure. I believe- that tho dissolution of the Union Is inevitable, and that men now before roe will live to see an aristocracy established In America." Tho Rt Hon. William E. Gladstone, in a speech at Edinburgh In January, 1S62, said: "The Federal government can never succeed In putting down the Rebellion. If it should. It would only be th preface and Introduction of political difficulties far greater than the war Itself." Again at Newcastle, October 9, 1862. ho. said that Jefferson Davis had made an. army, had made a navy, and, more than that had made a nation." Lord John Russell said in his speech at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1S61: "The struggle Is on the one side for empire, and on the other for power." A writer in "The Westminster Review" (Vol. XXi; p. 212) has this to say: 'With out nicely balancing the virtues of tho contending parties, they (Englishmen) cannot help believing that moderation, justice and national honor will find ample development In a divided republic." Now, aa to Russia: John Blgelow has already said, in a similar connection, that It is not the fashion of diplomacy to trumpet Its deeds from the housetop. But this much Is certain: Shortly after the seizure of Mason and SHdell, fleets of Russian war vessels appeared simultane ously in New York' and San FranclScd harbors, and remained In them for months. The Russian Admiral, in a call upon Admiral Farragut at the Astor House, replying to a question as to why he was spending: tho winter idly in Amer ican waters, said: "I am here under sealed orders, to be broken only In a con tlngency which his not yet occurred.' He said also that the Russian CommanU er In San Francisco was under similar or ders, And, further, that they were under orders to break the seals If, while they remained here, the United States became Involved In a war with any foreign na tion. In an unofficial call upon the Russian Chancellor at St Petersburg at this time. to a prominent American was shown the Czar's order to his Admiral to report to the President of the United State's for duty in case the Northern States became involved in a war with England. (See "Life of Thurlow Weed.i' Vol. II, pp. 316 347.) C. A. H. New York, July 20. 1903.. . - .- " One View of the Secrctarr of State. Chicago Inter Ocean. An incident of life In the National capi tal on Tuesday will further explain, If further explanation be necessary, why President Roosevelt prefers Oyster Bay to Washlnuton in Summer. John H. Hamilton, a farmer from Silver Sorlnsr. Md.. had driven a load of hay Into Washington and was reclining on the seat of his wacon under tho glare 01 tne at tcrnoon sun when a thin thread of smoke curled above his head. In a few moments the load of hay was ablaze. Hamilton to save himself had to jump over the dash board. The fire department was called out and the fire was put out only after a strenuous effort. Tho dispatches say that the hay was ignited by the extreme heat of the sun. While Incidents of a similar character are not uncommon to Pasadena, Tampa and St Louis, as well as in the National caDltal. nothing of the kind could possl blv happen In Oyster Bay, for the reason that precaution is taken there to prevent anything unusual or startling, anu par ticularly anything in the nature of spon taneous combustion. There is probably no safer place In the country, as the President, has doubtless discovered, for a load of Hay. ' Direct Election of Senators. Baltimore Sun. The creat reason why the people desire the popular election of Senators Is that the United States Senate Is no longer amenable to public sentiment Tho Sena tors represent politicians and political machines rather than the people. They are thus made Independent of the people and find It perfectly safe to defy the public will. There Is another objection to the present method, and that is that the Senatorial elections interfere witn tne le gltlmatc work of the Legislatures, con suming time which should belong to law making. It also has a bad effect upon the personnel of Legislatures. Men arc elect ed to the General Assembly frequently with regard only for their vote for Sena tor and -with no regard for their fitness as lawmakers, and it has almost come to pass that the constitutional plan has been reversed, namely, that the Senator ap points the Legislature rather than that the Legislature appoints tne benator, The Ungrrntcfnl Chinese. Springfield Republican. The Chlneso arc such curious people Their newspapers In China are reported to be bitterly Incensed over the regula tions Issued by tho United States Govern ment controlling the admission of Chi ncse visitors to the St Louis world's fair and of those Chinese who will take part In the show. They have the temerity to resent such requirements as the $500 bond on each one wbo comes over to help make the fair a success, the photographic Iden tlficatlon scheme, the police supervision and tho prompt expulsion from the coun try of the whole delegation as soon as the exposition ends. After John Barrett's eloaucnt pleadings with the Chinese gov crnment to make an exhibit and encour age the people to send their best these critics really seem to have expected that those countrymen who honored us with a - visit would be hospitably received, Well, John, you have yet to learn the possibilities of a "white man's country.' That's all an American can say. "Poor Bryan! Detroit Free Press. It Is really pathetic to see a man who possessed the possibilities of real leader shin: who showed at one time marked de votion to moral Ideals, even though those Ideals were wrong; whose sympathies were strong and In the main correct even though he lacked the intellectual force to Kovern them when such a man surren ders himself unconditionally to his per sonal prejudices, and his private hatreds and attempts to use a great political party merely to avenge fancied wrongs to his own dignity and ambition, it Is a specta cle that nobody can view with IndhTcr- X ence. OUR SNAKES BEAT THE WORLD Chicago Inter Ocean. The two-headed snake discovered in Cal ifornia, and evidently brought to that coast. from South America by a trading vessel, will not divert serious attention from our more familiar and versatile home-grown snakes. Even though this snake can back up as well as move for ward. It obviously cannot hope to enter Into the more active life of the native snake, even with two heads. It is impossible to conceive of any two headed snake from South America, for example, active enough to take part in the warfare between snakes and harvest hands in Adams County, Pennsylvania. "Thrice," telegraphs a correspondent In great haste, "have the harvesters been driven off by the reptiles, which literally swarm through the wheat, and not only sting the workmen, but clog the harvest ing machinery. Harvesting is not only slow, but extremely dangerous. Jake White, who is an expert shot, stood on a thrashing machine the other day, anA in 15 minutes killed 25 rattlesnakes. This has suggested the Idea of calling out the local militia company to kill the snakes." Snakes near Iron Springs, Pa., have in terfered with work on a railway line since the workmen have taken to killing rattle snakes ' and copperheads on wagers. Thirty, snakes were killed by one grader the other day. Other scores were 2S, 21, 16 and 8, the low figure having been contrib uted by a water boy, whose duties pre vented him from freely entering into tno contest Uncle John" Castner, who lives near Blalrstown, Pa., and who is accounted the champion rattlesnake-killer, has just captured the largest rattler of the season five and a half feet In length while D. H. Koch, at New Ringgold, recently killed a snake with 19 rattles, and presumably 2L years old. At Tamaqua. Pa., snakes have been entering the kitchens of the residents, and one family cat at Dallas Green worsted a snake after a "fierce fight" How, In view of such native snakes, can one regard a two-headed snake as any thing more than a mere curiosity? Tho California story is commonplace. The snakes that Jake White shoots, that Uncle John Castner captures, and with which the housecat battles are the snakes the people want to know about What is the use of a two-headed snake, anyhow out side of Pennsylvania? An Isolated Colony. London Times. In January Tristan d'Acunha was vis ited by H. M. S. Thrush, and Lieutenant Watts-Jones and Surgeon Lobb, of that vessel, drew up a report on the Island which was forwarded by the admiralty to the Colonial Office, to be laid beforo the Secretary of State on March 26. The pop ulation, says this report, now consists of 6 persons, divided Into 17 families or households. All but four of the Inhabi tants were born In the Island, two pf tho exceptions being Italians, who are de scribed as being probably the best educat ed persons there. There have been no mar riages in the Island for three years. The Islanders, though sun-burned, are de scribed as being practically "white." The men are hardy, but not of fine physique "the women are decidedly finer specimens than the men; their features are regular, pleasing and of somewhat Semitis type, The children are clean, fat, healthy and well cared for, and surprisingly well clad.' There Is no definite sign of mental or physical deterioration arising specifically from the system of Intermarriage. The people generally, say tne ofneers, wero very anxious about the education of their children, and the difficulties attending this seemed largely responsible for the views they expressed on the subject of leaving the island. Their staple food Is potatoes, milk, beef, mutton and poultry produce, and of these there Is an ample supply, but for anything beyond the in naoitants are entirely dependent upon passing snips. Rats, which prevent the growing of any grain, are the curse of tho. Island. Fish 1 are plentiful, but the-JsLoo lim contractor "admitted' having landers are chiefly a farming community. It is pointed out that the island might in the future have a alue, should a largo carrying trade be established between South America and the Cape, as an Inter mediate station for wireless telegraphy; but tills and the occasional assistance given to shipwrecked people seem tho only Imaginable reasons for occupylnjr It. The great majority of the people said they would like to quit tne Island if they could reallbe or receive compensation for leav ing their stock behind them. Sir. Itoosevelt and the Unions. , Chicago Chronicle. President Roosevelt Is to "re commended for his action In ordering the restoration of a nonunion worklngman to the em ployment In the Government printing of flce, from which. In spite of the civil ser vice law, he was removed In obedience to the demands of organized labor. It Is to bo hoped, and the Chronicle believes, that the President will stand his ground In this matter, even to tho point of inviting a Btrike, If need be. The Government printing offlce Is the largest and the most recklessly managed printing establishment In the world. It supplies every day In the year a more convincing . argument against National and state ownership than Is to be found even In the wastefully conducted Post office Department A strike In the public printing office would give a courageous man in the Pres idency an opportunity to wipe out one of the most scandalous abuses now existing by authority of government Mr. Roosevelt Is that sort of a man, and If the nabobs of organized labor who maintain headquarters in the public print ing office do not care for a fight to a finish, they wlll'do well to drop the pres ent controversy right where they are. The Picket Gnnrd. Ethelln . Eliot Beers. "All quiet along: the Potomac," they say, "Except now and then a stray picket Is shot, as ho walks on his beat, to and fro. By a rifleman hid in the thicket. 'TIs nothing; a private or two, now and then. Will not count In the news of the battle; Not an officer lost only one of the men. Moaning- out, all alone, the death rattle." All quiet alons tho Potomac tonight. Where the soldiers lie peacefully dreaming; Their tents In the rays of the clear Autumn moon, Or the light of the watch fires, are gleaming. A tremulous algb, as the gentle night wind Through theforest leaves softly is creeping; While stars up above, with 4helr glittering, eyes, Keep- guard for the army ts sleeping. There's only tho sound of tho lone sentry's tread As he tramps from the rock to the fountain. And. he thinks of the two In the low trundle bed. Far away In the cot on the mountain. His musket falls slack; his face, dark and grim. Grows gentle with memories tender. As he mutters a prayer for the children asleep For their mother may heaven defend her! The moon seems to shine Just as brightly as then. That night when the love yet unspoken Leaped up to his lips when low, murmured vows Were pledged to be ever unbroken: Then drawing his sleeve roughly over his eyes, Ho dashes oft tears that are welling. And gathers his run closer up to Its place,. As if to. keep down the heart swelling. He' passes the fountain, the blasted pine tree The footstep Is lagging and weary; Yet onward he goes, through the broad belt of light. Toward the shades of the forest so dreary. Hark! was it the night wind that rustled tho leaves? Was it moonlight so wondrously flashing? It looked like a rifle: "Ha! Mary, good-byl" And the life blood is ebbing and splashing. All quiet along the Potomac tonight No sound save the rush of the river: While soft falls the dew on the face of the dead k The picket's oft duty forever.. NOTE AND COMMENT! Looks a. little like Snow. Tracy may be dead, but his, example lives. . , ' Does "the" mean "that"? Just hear a woman talk of "the . Smith girl" and or that Brown creature" and you'll -stake your life It doesn't Nome Is in Seattle, according to the Pittsburg ChronlcIe-TeIegrap"h; .which tells of the burning of a Nome lodging-house under the caption, "Seattle Hotel De stroyed by Fire." The isles of safety, placed In the' center of some New York streets where the traffic was densest, have beep removed. Tho isles of joy. the Isles of joy, "Where timid hayseeds weot and6 clung. Were but a street commission's toy. And on th6 wastepile have been flung. What cares New York If Reubens die? It means for undertakers pic. Merrill Is credibly reported to be alive. Booth, of course. Is not by any means a dead' one. Andre, it is well known, lias been running a faro bank in Boston since the Revolution. Washington Is said to bo the proprietor of a ferry over the Del aware. Noah was recently seen at To peka, and Adam Is supposed to be manu facturing aprons In California. All this kindly worry over Lipton's deter mination to act as judge in a beauty con test Is unnecessary- Tho fato of Paris has been held up as a warning to the man who has rushed in whero Supreme Court Justices might well fear to tread. As If Paris counted. Ho wasn't even of Irish descent, let alone a son of the soli. Had Lipton been In the youngster's place ho would have lost the apple, and made each of the contestants believo she was bis unalterable choice. ipoOOjOOO Reward. A reward of $300,000 will be paid by tho Gritsand Company for the conviction of any person 'spreading a report that Grit sand contains any traces of wheat A similar reward will be paid for the con viction of any person spreading tho re port that Gritsand is drugged with, as phalt Gritsand, as Its name implies, Is:a pure food composed solely of the finest grit and sand, held together with sterilized glueine. Mothers, boys fed Gritsand are full o grit and sand. AH Been There Before. What is a Mazama to do? Not a feat that's unique On an Oregon peak Remains for Mazamas to do. What can a Mazama now do? Not a mountain to climb For the very first time,- 5 Not a virginal summit in view. What Is a Mazama to do? Coming back from a trip To the very top tip. Believing it's thoroughly new What is a Mazama to do, When a gray pioneer, With a quizzical jeer. Says he climbed it In '62? It makes the Mazama men groan; And, between you and me. All tho hope they can see Is In building a mount of their own. Fairies In Texas. Colonel Clem, quartermaster in Texas. fnunri n hnr nf Hsmrs nn his 1vl- tcJUi sent the cigars, but said that he knew nothing about the money. Happy the life of a quartermaster Down in tho State of Texas, Dealing with princes of bricks and plas ter, Easy to make his exes. Boxes of smokes he finds on his table,. Useful In any contingency. Richer than any you read of in fable. Putting &xi end to his stringency. Laundry comes back with blllsof all sizes, Bills packed away in pajamas; Life to a soldier Is full of surprises. Beating the Bowery dramas. Fairies must flourish and rule it In Texas, Holding an endless corroboree; Contractors, pure souls, It surprises and. vexes, Hinting of such things as Jobbery. A Senatorial Sailor. Half a dozen Government vessels are being used by junketing parties In tha East Senator Podunk, tenth aide to the Elev enth Assistant Deputy Under-Secretary of the Kalamazoo Navy-Yard, sings: Sing ho, yo ho, for a wind that's free. And a yacht that foots the. billow; A life on the deep Is the life for me, With the bounding tide as a pillow. Sing ho, yo ho that's all I know From the nautical dictlon-ary Blow high, blow low, old Sam has dough And an excellent commis-sary. So oh, yo ho, for a yacht that's free. And a government foots the bill, oh, A life on tho cheap is the life for me, And the people tied for a pillow. It's oh, yo ho, this yacht is mine, And that is as It oughter, For pickling pork, of course, In brine I'm posted on salt water. And then, yo ho. I'm aid the tenth To the' Under-Secre-tary, And so my cruise at any' length As may suit my own vagary. . , Yo ho, oh yo, It's not so slow To live as a legislator; And to teach what's what a Government yacht I3 an excellent edu-cator. Then oh, yo ho.for a yacht that's free, Arid a government foots the bill, oh, A life on the cheap Is the life for me, With the people tied for a pillow. PLEASANTRIES OF PAIUCIUPHBRS Edna What a graceful swimmer Stella 1st Lillian Well, seven seasonsrin the social swim may make us good swimmers, too. Chelsea (Mass.) Gazette. "I wish to marry your daughter," said the young man. The old man was a sensible old man. "Can I support you In the style to which you have been accustomed?" he asked. Puck. "So you expect your new dress home today, do you?" asked Air. Suburba. "Oh, no," re plied Mrs. Suburba; "I said the dressmaker promised it to me today." Cincinnati Commercial-Tribune. Mrs. Newllwed I don't see why you ask 20 cents a quarter peck for your stritfg- beans. The other man only asked 15. Huckster-?-Well, ma'am, yer see, these beans of mine are all hand-picked. Philadelphia Press. Boy (who has spent sixpence upon a knife for his father's birthday present) Look, father, nere Is a knife I have Bought you, all with my own money". Father Thanks, my boy, It's very good of you. Boy But, you know, yqu ought to give me something for It. else it unlucky. Father How much? Boy Oh, about three-an'-sJx-pence. Punch. In the Intorest of Sleep. "What did you mean by telling those new neighbors that they needn't buy a lawnmower, as you will alway be glad to lend them ours?" asked Mrs. B1& glns. "That's pne of my best ideas." an swered her husband. "No one Is going ta have the bland assurance to come around at a o'clock la the morning to borrow & lawn soower." Washington Star,