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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 2, 1903)
THE MORNING QREGONIAN, THURSDAY, JULY 2, 1903. FIRE LOSSES Insurance Companies 1 Pay Out $4,500,000. PASSSIXUNLUGKY MONTHS Last Years Losses Exceeded by $2,500,000. UHDERWRITERSARECOfiCERNED So Cause for Enormona Destruction of Pacific Coat Property, Excep.t "la.r of Average"-Lines Are Reduced, Ills Us Scattered. PACIFIC COAST IXSUIUO'CD LOSSES. January $ SS5.T2X Pebruary 650.854 March 009.777 April 638,307 Har 657.CW Total v Total first fire months 1902. ..53.949.352 ..$1,605,000 Fire has destroyed an enormoue amount of property on the Pacific Coast in tho past six months. The losses to Insurance companies are beyond 54.000.000. They ex ceed last year's losses at this time by $2,500,000. These are only Insurance losses; the property losses are much greater. Underwriters are very much concerned. The ratio of losses to premiums, of many companies, has reached 100 per cent or more. Several local agents said yester day that the losses which their com panies have had to pay in the past six months have exceeded the premiums of that period. One agent declared that his losses had already eaten up his premiums of the entire year. "And coodness knows," he exclaimed, throwing up his hands, "how much more of our money will go up in smoke before the year Is out. Our los3 ratio in Oregon already Is 150 per cent; from the looks of things it will go to 250 per cent. "We've got not only to carry our policy-holders for the next six months for nothing, but pay for whatever happens to them." "liOts of us fellows." spoke up a fel low agent, "are 1n the same fix. It's fright, it surely is, and If I were the com pany I think I'd be tempted to put up the blinds." A normal loss ratio Is between 40 and 50 per cent. The expense ratio of various companies, that is, tho cost of doing business, paying taxes, commissions, etc., ranges from 40 to 60 per cent" of premiums. "When a loss ratio gets up to 50 per cent the company is on the ragged edge be tween making and losing money. There fore, when a loss ratio reaches 100 or 150 per cent It means a loss Indeed. Causes of Heavy Losses. Varying causes are ascribed for tho great destruction which Are has dono and is still doing on this coast "Prosperity," "was the reason of sev eral insurance men yesterday.. "Care lessness." "incendiarism" and "moral hazard" were other reasons. But phllo sophlc underwriters go back of all this. To them there is a more ultimate cause, the mystical "law of averages," which comes from sun spots, p6rhaps, or the man In the moon, or the nebula of Orion. "The law of general average," remarked E. It. Thompson yesterday, of Hartman, Thompson & Powers, "regulates fire and insurance the same as other phenomena. Insurance, perhaps more than any other human institution. Is afflicted by this law. The public is learning that Insurance rates must be based upon the studied operations of this law." "But what application has all this to the present occasion?" was asked. "Just this," -was the response. "These periods or lire losses go in waves or rhythms, now augmenting in destructive ness and then diminishing. They cannot be explained, but they are all governed by the law I have Just mentioned. Af ter a while Use losses will take the down ward trend again and when they have pursued that course for a while, reflexive turn wjll follow. "When fires are few and premiums seem unduly high the public should re member the law' of averages, and when' fires are many and premiums do not meet Josses, it is for the companies to bear this In mind. In other words. Insurance rates should cover the expense ratio and the conflagration hazard and be determined by the law of general average. Rates are determined in these several relations as nearly as human knowledge permits." Prosperity Not Responsible. "Hasn't prosperity something to do. with the many recent fires?" was asked. "Not at alL Did prosperity burn up Irving dock or the Western lumber mill on ;the water front? Did it make the fire, that burned off the top of Dekum build ing? I think not, and my opinion is the same about all the fires on the coast." The exponents of "averages" point out that in the' past eight years insurance business' on the Pacific Coast has been making money while in other parts of the United States it has been losing. The in crease of losses in the East has been very great and rates have been advanced to compensate, tjut on this Coast the general average of rates has not been raised. "Wise Insurance experts have been prophesying that the agencies of de . etructlon which have been operating in the East would surely come this way to consume the profits which have been en Joyed on the Pacific slope. These prophecies seem to be turning true. Nearly all the companies on this Coast have had to draw on their home offices for money to meet their losses. "It's the law of averages," said J. t Harvey O'Bryan. of Clemens & O'Bryan, "that's asserting itself. Hollo V. "Watt, general manager of the Royal at San Francisco, Is one of the men who have "predicted all along ihat this would come to pass. The companies have made money on this Coast, but what they have earned is fast dwindling now. The profits of eight years may easily be consumed by two years of bad business. Competition is keen and margins are narrow and are' wiped out very soon by adversity." "Will Rates Be Increased! "Will rates be Increased? This question is trying the souls of a good many people. In Portland the cost of insurance on some classes of property has been raised in tho past year, but on others it has been reduced. Underwriters say that the . general level of rates here Is the same as it has been. "Three weeks ago," remarked a local agent yesterday, "I called upon the man ager of a company -which writes A. big business on this Coast, vun mm were the managers of three other leading com panies. They were very much concerned, by their great losses. Their loss .ratios for the past six months were aleady Aouble the normal, and still fire was de vouring property and they were telling out the money. No, they did not contemplate an advance In rates as a recourse. But their 'minds -would undoubtedly turn that way should losses keep up their present pace into next year." Companies Grow Caution. Meanwhile companies are canceling bad risks and writing new ones with ex treme caution. They are scattering their risks as best they can and reducing their lines. For about a year they have pur sued these tactics in Portland, beginning even before the present run of losses had become general over the Coast They have been chary of Portland's water front, but they have sustained heavy losses at other cities where "unprotected water-front" was not a hazard. But there are some Insurance men who, recognizing the mystical "averages," look for more palpable causes of fire. Pros perity is to them the reason of the in-' creased losses. "Property-owners, said "W. J. Clemens, of Clemens & O'Bryan, "don't guard against fire as In hard times. They rush around all day at their busi ness and neglect to take precautions about which they are very careful when business lags. In such prosperous times as theso a man may burn out and yet start up his business again almost on nothing. But when times are hard a. man Is bent on saving all he's got; he doesn't dare to let fire get at him." May Have to Change System. Mr. Clemens .believes that companies. soon or late, will have to resort to a new system of proportionate insurance to pro tect themselves. "The way to reduce losses," he remarked, "is to fix the basis rate at say 80 or 90 per cent of the value of property Insured, and to grade up the rates as the percentage of insurance di minishes. This system would be Just ODDOsite to the one now In use. It nwuld increase premium receipts and at the J&me time give policy-holders more protection and would distribute losses among tne companies more than at present The Dekum building was insured at $100,000 and the companies had to pay the full Insurance. But If it had been insured at $200,000 the loss would not have fallen on the individual companies as it has done. A property Insured up close to its value is a better risk than if it were Insured to only a small fraction of its value. The companies will come to this method by and by. I'm Quite confident Instead of allowing reduced rates for heavy insur- ance, they will grade rates up from the basis I have suggested. It used to be that a property would be Insured to only 75 per cent of Its value, the theory being that the owner should carry the otlwr 23 per cent But wo ste now that this theory Is not the best practice." Prosperity Causes Fires. J. D. Colqman thinks that tbj hurry and rush and overcrowding of business following prosperity are to be taken Into account in the quest for causes. "We have refused to write Insurance on cer tain places of business," said he, "which are overworked or overrushed. The fact is that property-owners and businessmen under such circumstances forget or neg lect to guard against Are with that vigi lance which they exercise when business is slack. Then, too, hazards are con stantly increasing, and, though under writers endeavor to surround them with safeguards, results show that they miss their purpose pretty often. Underwriters generally think that they understand how to deal with the hazards that are arising with improvements and inventions, but the truth is that their true nature is hard to learn and understand. The growing use of electricity and gasoline and acety line Is hedged about with all manner of safeguards, yet It keeps making losses all the time." Mr. Coleman proceeded .to show ,that fire insurance had not been, a paying business in the United States in the first decade. "Not more than 10," said he, "out of the 60 leading companies In this coun try have made as much as li per cent profit per year In writing insurance." "And the 60 companies' spoke up an underwriter, "taken all together, have earned only per cent profit per an num In the past 10 years. Pacific Coast business has been profitable until the past year, but only one-tenth of the In surance of the United States is written on this Coast The losses In Oregon in the past six months already exceed the premiums of that period, and the months of greatest losses are yet to come." "The May losses In Oregon," went on Mr. Coleman, "amounted to 60 per cent of premiums. The losses In March were over six times as great Under normal conditions we should regard May as a very bad month." Incendiarism Is Frequent. A prominent writer of Insurance, who desired to have his Identity withheld, in sisted that incendiarism was to blame. "I may say," he remarked, "that 90 per cent of the losses are from incendiary fires. I don't mean that 90 per cent of the num ber of risks turn out that way; you see it is the big risks which are profitable to burn. I call It negative Incendiarism when a man doesn't actually set a fire himself, but allows his building to catch fire In ways that can't be ascertained by the underwriters. When a congregation of pious persons needs a new church be cause th.e old church is small and dingy and is insured and would make a good blaze; when some good brother makes a roaring fire In the church stove and isn't careful to remove waste paper from around the stove; when be goes off and the fire gets out of the stove and burns up the church that's negative lncendlar Ism. "There are lots of seemingly safe risks in this town, but I wouldn't insure them not L I don't trust the owners of the property. They may not wish to burn things up, but if they could they would. That's where the moral hazard comes In. No, there Isn't any premium that will off set the moral hazard except 100 per cent or over. A man . came to me tho other day for a policy. Would I insure him? Certainly. For what premium? One hundred and five per cent That's what I told him, but he didn't want the policy." Expensive Fires of 1003. The following are some of the most ex pensive fires that 'nave occurred on this Coast in the first Ave months of 1903, as given by the Coast Review: January. , Insurance , Loss. 4 Honolulu stock dry goods $ 65.000 19 Dayton, Wash 16,649 22 Boise, building and stock 15,600 21 Sacramento, department store.... 399,401 February. '4 Cottonwood,. CaL. general mer chandise 12,200 5 Oakland, stock, merchandise.. 11,040 5 San Francisco, retail store and contents 54.189 5 San Francisco, merchandise. . 11,780 11 Saltiiake, general fire 212.464 IS San Mateo, hotel , 18,193 March. 3 Portland, general fire 176.457 6 Falrhaven, sawmill 20,829 10 Tacoma, warehouse and contents. 14,417 10 Portland, general fire 256,095 12 San Francisco 12,835 15 Denver, foundry 18,865 22 Seattle, brick building and con tents . , 47.7SSH 23 uneyenne. loagmg-nouse io,490 25 Canyon City, Colo., mining plant 25,250 . ApriL 5 Dunsmulr, general fire 6L3S7 5 Pleasanton, CaL, warehouse 21,776 16 Dos Angeles, furniture factors.... 12.000 19 Tacoma, packing-house 97,246 20 Butte, brick block and contents... 11,474. 23 Fortiana, warenouse 13,667 27 Helena, brick- building and con tents 42,700 May. 1 Centralia 10.814 1 Portland, sawmill 50,000 3 Sacramento, omiaing ana Hard ware S1.40S 7 San Francisco; flour mill 27,256 S Stockton, general fire 62,107 15 Harrison. Idaho, plarrmg-mlll..... 13,500 SO Burke, Idaho, raining plant. . 14.1Q0 20 Red Bluff! reaeral fire 20 Stockton, brick building and stock 64,711 25 Sacramento, dredger 17,500 Insurance Lasses Paid. -The following Insurance losses have been paid, as compiled by the Coast Review: Wfufa- , Oregon. January 37.76S February v.. 18,587 March '. 487,128 April 60,408 May 75,650 California. January $569,844 February 250,468 March 111.862 lngtonT $ GO.SOa 48,651 163,484 1S6.96S 47.310 Idaho. $ 24,294 9.046 2.953 . 7,188 35,604 Montana. $ 31,663 35.023 28,313 82.597 25,067 April 247.245 May 593,115 Utah. January' $ 2.289 February 257.91S March 7,556 April 6.9S3 May 19,659 r British Colorado. Columbia, January ..$ 25,929 February 13,659 March 78,230 April 2LS64 May .-. '3446 8,171 2.503 2,512 3,303 8,122 TO PROTECT THE GAME. Ifeir Warden J. "W. Balcer Announces His PoUcy. That the violators of tho game laws may be caught red-handed and off their guard, the Deputy Game Wardens throughout the state will not be an nounced by the new protector of Oregon's game, J. W. Baker, of Cottage Grove, who assumed the office yestefday. "I have selected my deputies and will announce the name of the Portland rep resentative before long," said Mr. Baker yesterday. "As to the men. out in the country, I am going to try a new dodge on the people who break the laws. If they don't know the Deputy Wardens, or where they are situated, they will not be so cautious, and can the more easily be caught I believe that many offenders can be found In this way, and every one to whom I have mentioned It agree It is a good scheme. - "The law allows me only six deputies, and they cannot receive more than $250 a year, so you see we have to plan how to make the most of what the law allows us. The railroads will not give transpor tation to my deputies, so I will have to do all of the traveling myself. Some one must be In Portland much of the time to watch the markets, but this will not pre vent the killing of the birds. Of course, if birds are found In the markets during the close season, the man who sells them can be punished, but the killing will go on Just the same. Therefore, It will be necessary to have some one out in the country near Portland a part of the time. "Since receiving my appointment in April I have gone over that part of the state In. which most of the violations occur- The deputies have been selected, and when the shooting of upland birds be gins in August we will start out to cap ture the lawbreakers and bring them to Justice." "In what part of the state does the most violation exist?" "In Southern Oregon, particularly in Jackson and Josephine Counties. I know of parties who have hired men to hunt deer, paying them 40 cents each for the hides. These men are provided with am munition, and have the venison for them selves. I know of one man who hunts for himself. He has killed as many as 23 deer in a single day, so you see that It Is a paying business. Not only as regards deer, but as to the other gamo also, Southern Oregon Is the worst offender. If the men who do the Illegal shooting do not learn who my deputies are, I be lieve that we can catch several of them In a bunch and teach them a severe les son. "I have learned of a number of cases already, and the offenders are known. Besides Southern Oregon, a great deal of the shooting during tho closed season Is done In the Willamette Valley. Many complaints are received from the Valley country as to shooting Chinese pheas- .ants out of season, -while In Southern Oregon there is much illegal killing of larger game. The pheasants are, to be protected, and the complaints will be thoroughly Investigated. Often those who complain tell their name In tho strictest confidence, as several who were known to write to the Game Warden have got Into trouble with their neigh bors, who suspected them of informing directly upon them." "Wll your principal office be in Cottage Grove, Mr. Baker; "Yes, for the present at least I am going out to McMlnnvlllo this afternoon, and will return to Portland la about two weeks." POSTAL BUSINESS GROWS Increase of Twenty-Five Per Last Quarter. ' Cent The receipts of the Portland Postoffice from the sales of stamps, stamped enve lopes, postal cards, etc, continue to show an increase from month to month, and quarter to quarter, which Is gratifying to Postmaster Bancroft and the public gen erally, as showing that the city is thriv ing. The receipts for June amounted to' $25,853.73, as compared with. $20,444.14 for the corresponding month of last year, an Increase of $5409.59. The receipts and in crease for the quarter ending June 30, 1902 and 1903, were as follows: 1902. 1903. Increase. April $22,715.07 $27,323.26 $ 4,608.19 May 21,708.07 26,355.05 4,645,98 Juno 20.444.14 25.853.73 5.409:59 Totals $64,867.28 $79,532.04 $14,664.76 From the rush with which, business for the new quarter started yesterday, the probability Is that tho receipts of the office for this month will bo larger than ever before. There Is always a large mall on the 1st of the month, but yesterday It was larger than usual, both local and from the East In anticipation of this, Postmaster Ban croft had ordered all hands to be on deck at 6:30 A. M. Five new carriers and four new clerks were added to tho force yes terday, and Superintendent Barrat and As sistant Superintendent Dee both pulled off their coats and Joined In helping to dis tribute the mall. When Postmaster Ban croft arrived at 7:30 A. M., all hands were literally up to their eyes in business, every alley being piled with mall. A case was placed on 'the porch at the rear of the office, where one man was running an out side department By noon they had the morning raalKpretty well distributed and sent out and were ready to attack the later arrivals, which had accumulated In a huge pile on the porch. The new em ployes got a good start in business, and were able to see that there was plenty of work for them. Postmaster Bancroft was convinced that "he must not cease making applications for more clerks and carriers. and hopes to be allowed a lot more by the beginning of next quarter. Lodcll's License Revoked. The Council committee on liquor li censes held a special Tapld-fire meeting yesterday at 1 o'clock and revoked the saloon license of A. C. Lodell, of Union avenuo and Morris street. At the teg- ular meeting on Friday last a protest against Dodell's place first came up, but as he -was not on hand to give his side of the matter It was decided to hold a spe cial meeting. He put In an appearance yesterday, but there seemed to be no good reason why he should continue to dispense liquor, and his license was re voked. SHAKE INTO YOUR SHOES. Alton's Foot-Ease, a powaer. It cures pain ful, sntaxtlnff. nervous feet and inrrowlnr nails, and instantly takes the stln out of corns and bunions. It's Use greatest comfort discovery of the age. Allen's Foot-Ease makes tltfct or new shoes reel easy. It Is a certain, cure for sweating-, callous and hot, tired, ach Injr feet. Try It today. Sold brail drulsts and shoe stores. By .jnall tor 25c In stamps. Trial paekagre FREE. Address. Allen S. Olm ttd, Boy, 5. X, ..Meier & Frank Company.. Largest and Best Line of Hammocks in the City. Refrigerators, Fruit Jars, Lawn Mowers, Garden Hose, Water Coolers, Ice Cream Freezers, Etc. Basement. Artistic Picture Framing to your order Largest and Best Line of Moldings Lowest Prices Second Floor. "Vudor Porch Shades, 4, 6, 8, IO-ft. sizes Better, cheaper than Bamboo Complete, ready for hanging 3d Floor. Store closed all Vacation Trunk 25 Canvas-covered Trunks, iron bound, heavy steel corners, two heavy leather straps, brass lock, just the right style of trunk for coast use. Five sizes, all at special low prices. 28-inch Regular price $6.40, sale price ' $5.29 30-inch Regular price $6.75, sale price - $5.55 32-inch Regular price $7.10, sale price $5.93 34-inch Regular price $7.45, sale price $6.27 36-inch Regular price $7.80, sale price - $6.57 If you're going on a long Eastern trip here's a trunk that will stand all the rough handling the baggage smasher can give it. Heavily constructed, all the best and latest improvements, four sizes, all greatly reduced. 30-in Regular. $10.50, sale price 34-in Regular $12.00, sale price 1 2U nanasome bteamer irunKs, steel bound, leather straps, three sizes, at special low prices 30-inch, 32-inch, 34-inch. $7.75 value for $6.35. $8.25 value for .. $6.90. $8.75 value for $7.67 Ladies' Neckwear Crepe Silk Stock Ties in all colors, superb styles, selling regu- er larly at 75c ea., sale price C Ladies' Collar and Cuff Sets in white and colors, regular 50c and AXf 65c values, while they last. . .rOC Ladies' 4-inch Hand Ties with em broidered ends, regular 50c o values, your choice, each ...w3C Veilings Nose Veils, beautiful tuxedo meshes, in large variety, black, white and colors, special for 3 days, p 50c value, at, veil C 300 Chiffon Veils for hat drapes, fancy borders, many styles and combinations Regular $1.00 value, at A great lot of Tuxedo-Mesh in the dots and plain styles, at Cloak Department $6.50 $250 $8.50 $6.50, $7.00 and $7.50 Walking Skirts. . . .$4.85 . Entire stock of Silk and Cashmere Tea Gowns greatly reduced. Second floor. Underwear Ladies low-neck sleeveless rib bed Vests, plain or drop stitch'bodies, all sizes, very special at 12c each Ladies' low-neck sleeveless rib bed Vests, lace trimmed, ' white, all sizes, great bargain- 27c each Children's Summer Underwear All sizes and styles at the lowest prices. Special values-in all lines of Boys' Clothing Second tloor. Meier & Frank Company day, Saturday July 4th Particularly pre-eminent is this store in its showing of traveling necessities A glimpse at the Fifth-street window display or a visit to the department will give you an inkling of the amplitude of resources The following values demand the attention of .every buyer. $8.50 Suit Cases $6.98 Fuil stock Leather Suit Cases, sewed edge, finest lock, leather lined, best brass, trim- C? r q mings, regular $8.50 value, choice at Mv.7U Full stock Leather Suit Case, fine brass trim mings, regular $7.25 Suit Case, your tf c oq choice for iOJ7 $8.77. $9.87. 32-in Regular $11.25, 36-in Regular $12.75, Veils j Decided reductions in the Cloak Department on all seasonable wear ing apparel. Suitsi Waists, Walking Skirts, high-class Costumes and Nov elty Wraps are all included. $14.00 and $16.00 Suits. .$ 8.85 $ 18.00 and $20.00 Suits. . 13.85 $22.00 and $22.50 Suits . . 1 5.85 $27.00 and $32.00 Suits . . 1 9.85 All suits up to $100.00 reduced in same proportion. Our entire stock of Silk Waists at special low prices. Waists Waists Waists $4.55 $5.95 $6.55 Waists up to $30.00 reduced in same proportion. $22.50 Meier &. Frank Company ..Meier b Frank Company.. Gating Goods of Every Description at the Lowest Prices. Sale sale price $9.35 sale price 10.53 all canvas lined, Friday Surprise $10.00 Etamine Dress Skirts, $5.85 A remarkable offering of high-class Dress Skirts from the best manufacturer in the land comprises the grand bargain for the 715th Friday Surprise Sale. Exactly 145 skirts in the lot three shades of blue and black etamines, wire" cloths and granite cloths, just the fabrics that find favor with the best dress- ers nowadays. All are the latest style dress skirt, tucked, silk band trimmed or plain skirts that we have sold hundreds of at $10.00 each, for tomorrow only at the wonderfully low price of -.. See Fifth-Street Vacation sale fine stationery. Prices greatly reduced Special values in Lace Curtains, Rugs and Curtain Mate rials. Third floor. Great values in Muslin Underwear, Ribbons, Neckwear and Leather Goods. Men's Furnishings Bargains in Men's wear. Every item something you need or will need. The saving urges prompt buying. Men's colored-bosom Shirts, the $1.00 styles in good pat- fLQ terns and all sizes at Men's Golf Shirts, new stripes and colorings, all sizes,, great Al. values at, each -TJ Men's Half-Hose, broken neat stripes and patterns, all sizes, at, pair lines, He Men's Silk Bat-Wing Ties, the best patterns and color orings, 25c values, each Men's 25c Suspenders, good quality, at the low price, per pair Men's Mercerized Striped Summer Underwear, shirts or drawers, at Men's Clothing Values The best Clothing for men in town at the most reasonable prices These values must interest every man who has Clothing to supply. . Men's all-wool Trousers in striped Flannels, belt straps, and turn up bottom, all sizes The correct style summer or tf Q A outing pants, pair CJ Men's Outing Suits in all-wool flannels, neat stripes, Trousers made with belt straps and turn-up bottom, regular & O f( $10.00 values at pJmJJ Men's fine all-wool blue serge suits in single or (j 1 C . double breasted styles, regular $15.00 suits......... P &mJJ Men's, extra fine quality blue serge Suits in single or double breast- J . 1 ' C 1 . .1 1 C i. .nm.ln. "S L dk SB ea siyies, nneiy tanorea, pencil muug, ls&uiai I M O values at. Meier &. Frank dompany Store closed all day Saturday, July 4. SHOE Bargains Opportunity to sup ply shoe needs at a big: savinjf. Today's bnrKnln list includes liigli-claxs foot-wear for man, vroman or l)Oj- priced below the cost of manufacturing. $3 Shoes $2.37 Pair Ladies' Dress Shoes, patent colt and patent calf, very best style toe, all sizes, the regular $3 val ues at the special price of, pair 4" $5, $6 Shoes $3.85 pair Men's French, Shriner & Urner Shoes in patent kid, pat ent calf, black Russia, velour calf, Shoes or Oxfords, all sizes, regular $5 C and $6 values, pair pUJ Little gents' vici kid and satin calf Shoes, spring heel, sizes 10 to 131, CI 07 your choice at the low price, pr V Hosiery Offerings Three unusual values in ladies' and children's Hose for today and tomorrow All sizes Very best styles, tempting values Ladies' fine black cotton Hose, three-quarter l'gth, extra wide tops, all sizes, the regular 50o values at 33c Pr 500 pairs of Ladies' SI all over Lace Hose in black, fine quality, many styles, all sizes, regu- lar SL00 value 49c Pr Children's fine ribbed Hose, extra qualily, all sizes, great value 14c Pr $5.85 window display. 10c 18c 39c w r Meier & Frank Company 1