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About The Oregon Argus. (Oregon City [Or.]) 1855-1863 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 24, 1857)
If 5 Hi i I 1 3 i Hi 1 3 i n ..i i 4 ' 12 5 ill ill 11 ' SI I m ft Mi in if? MM T1! 1 - ;ii : ad rcccip's, probably, from that sourte. These consideration will Jusiiry reduc tlon of ill revenue from austnms, m m it'H lo exceed forty-eight or fifty million dollar. I think- the- eigmcy for uch reduction U Imperative, and again urge il upors trie consideration cf Congress. The amount of reduction, well as the manner of effeotiiif it, re question of Sreal and genural mlerent ; II being rum. ul to-industrial nterprtio and ih puMi prosperity, a well a tli" dietato of ob vlous justice, tlurt the harden of laiaiion be msd to reel n equally a posiible upon all classes, and ull suctions till interfile of tlie country. I havo heretofore rpommended to your consideration the revision of the revenue lfe, prepared under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, aud alo leg islation trpon lome special questions af. (feeling the business of that department, more especially the enactment ot a law to punish the abstraction cf official book or papers from the file of the government, and requiring all ueh book and pa pirn and all other public property to be turned det by the out (join; officer to hi incce r ; of a law requiring disbursing officers lo deport all money in the vault of the treasury or in other legal depositories, where the .ime are conveniently access ible ; and a law to extend penal provisions tb all person who may become possessed of public money by deposite or otherwise, andwho shall refuse or neglect, on due demand, to pay the tame into the treasury. I invito your attention anew to each of these objects. The army during the past year has been o constantly employed against hostile In dian in various quarters that it can scarce ly ba said, with propriety of language, to have been a peace establishment. It duties have been sstisfactorily performed, and wo havo reason to expect, as a result of tli year' operations, greater security to the frontier inhabitant than ho been hitherto enjoyed. Extensive combinations among the hos tile Indians of the Territories of Washing ton and Oregon at one time threatened the devastation of the newly-formed settle ment of that remote portion of tb coun try. From recent information we are pormittcd to hope that the energetio and auccessful operation conducted there will prevent such combinations in the future, and lecure to those Territories an oppor tunity to make steady progress in the de velopment of their agricultural and min eral resources. Legislation Lai boen recommended by me on previous occasions to cure defect in the existing organization, mid to increase tlio efficiency of the army, and further ob servation has but served to confirm me in ihs views than expressed, and to in force n my mind the conviction that sucb mea sures are not only propor but necessary. 1 hive, in addition, to invite the atten tion of Congress to a change of policy in tlie distribution of troops, and to the neo esily of providing a mora rapid increase ef the military armament, hor details of tbesoand other subjects rotating lo the ar my, I refer to the report of the Secretary of tvnr. The condition of the navy is not mere ly satisfactory, but exhibits the most grat ifying evidences of increased vigor. As It is comparatively small, it is more impor tant that it should be as complete as poss ible in ill the elements of strength ; that it should be efficient in the character of its officers, in the zeal and diaciplino of its men, in the reliability of its ordnance, and in the capacity of its ships. In all these various qualities the navy haa made jjreat progress within the last few year. . 'J'he execution of the law of Congress, of February 23, 18S5, "to pro mote the efficiency of the navy," has been attended by the most advnntngeous results. Tlio law for promoting discipline among tlio meu is found convenient and salutary. The system of granting an honorable discharge to faithful srnmen on the ex pirationof the period of their enlistment, and permitting them to re-enlist after a leave or absence of a few months, without cessation of pay, is highly lu iieficinl in its influence'. J he apprentice system recently adopted is evidently dust i nod (o incorporate into the service a large number of our erunlrymru hitherto so difficult to pro euro. Sovcrnl hundred American boys are now on a threo years' cruise in our national vosscU, and will return well trainod sea men. In the ordiianco department there is a decided and gratifying indication of program creditable to Hand to the country. I'he suggestions of the Secretary of the Navy, in regard to further improvement in that lirniich of the service, I commend to your favorable netion. The new frigates ordered by Congrea are now afloat, nnd two of them in nctivc service. They are superior models of na val architecture, and with their formida ble buttery add largely to our public strength and security. 1 cuiicir in the view expressed hy the Secretary of the Department in favor of a still further increase of our naval force. The report of thoSecrrtaiy of the In terior prenrnts fuels end view in relation to internal affairs over which the supervis ion of his department extends, of much in terpNt snd importance. The eggrigiite sales of public lands, during ihu hist fiscal year, amount to nine million two hundred and twenty. seven thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven acre; for which ha been received the sum of eight million eight hundred and iwenty one thousand four hundred and fourteen dollars. During the same period there have been located with military ncrip and land war ranta, and for other purpose, thirty mill ion ono hundred thousand two hundred and thirty acres, thus making a total aggregate of tbirly-tiine million three hundred and twenly-eighl thousand one burdrid and eight acrs. On the 30th of September last, surveys have been made of 10,873,009 acres, a largo proportion of w hich is ready for market The suggestions in this report in regard to the complication and progressive expan sion of the different bureaux of the de partment ; to the pension system ; lo the Coloniislion of Indian tribes,, and tb reo ommendation in relation lo various im . provements in tha District of Columbia, are especially commended to your consid eration. Tha report cf tha postmaster general present fully the conditio of thst d- ' nartment of the government. It expen diture for the last fiscal year, were ten million four hundred and seven thousand eight hundred and aiyty-eight dollars ; strl its gross receipts seven million six hundred and twenty thousand and eight hundred and one dollars making an excess or ex pendilure over receipts of two million seven hundred and eighty. seven thousand a if I forty-alx dollar. The deficiency of this department Is thus seven hundred and lorty-Mur inout nit t.ilturs irrosicr thnn for ilia vear end lug June 8H, 1853. Of this deficiency, three hundred and thirty thousand djllars is lo ba attributed lo the additional com pensation allowed postmasters by the act of Congress of June 22, IS.Vl. The mail facilities in every part of the country have been very much increased in that period, aud the large udJilion or rail road service, amounting to seven thous and nine hundred and eight miles, has add ed largely to the cost of transportation. 1 be inconsiderable augmentation or the income of the Tost Office Department un der the reduced ratea of postage, and its increasing expenditures, must, fur the pres ent, make it dependent to some extent up on the treasury for support. The recommendations of the Post master General, in relation to the abolition of the franking privilege, and his view on the establishment or mail steamship lines, de serve the consideration of Congress. I alio call the special attention of Congress to the statement of tha rostmaster ucn- eral respecting the sums now paid for the transportation of mail to the Panama Railroad Company, and commend to their early and ravorabte consideration the sug gestion of that officer in relation to new contract for mail transportation upon that route, and also upon the Tchuantepeo and Nicaragua routes. The United States continue in the en. joyment of amicable relation with all foreign powers. AVhcn my last annual message was transmitted to Congress, two subjects of controversy, one relating to the enlistment of soldiors in this country for foreign service and the other lo Central America, threat, encd to disturb good understanding be tween the United States and Great Britain. Of the prog rest and termination of the former question you were informed ut (he time ; and the other is now in the way of satisfactory adjustment. The object of the convention between the United States and Great Britain of the 1 9th of April, 1850, waa to secure, for the benefit of all nations, the neutrality and tbe common use of any transit way, or interoccanio communication, across the isthmus of Panama, which might be open ed within the limits of Central America. The pretension subsequently asserted by Great Britain, to dominion or control ovor territories, in or near two of the routes, those of Nicaragua and Honduras, were deemed by the United States, not merely incompatible with the main object of the treaty, but opposed even lo its express stipulations. Occasion of controversy on this point has been removed by an addition al treaty, which our miiiislor M London has concluded, aodVwhieU w ill bo immedi ately submitted to the Senate for it con sideration. Should the proposed supple mental arrangement be concurred in by all the parties to be affected by it, the ob jects contemplated by the original conven tion will have been fully attained. The treaty between tho United Statos and Great Britain, of tho 6th of June, 1801, which went into effective operation in 1855, put an end lo causes of irritation between the two countries, by securing to tho United Slates the right of fishery on the const of the British North American provinces, with advantages equal to those enjoyed by British subjects. Besides tho signal benefits of this treaty to a large class of our citizens engaged in a pursuit connected to no inconsiderable degree wiib our national prosperity and strength, it has had a favorable effect upon other inteiests in the provision il made for reciprocal freedom of trado between tt.e United Statos and the British provinces in America. The exports of domestic articles to thoso provinces during the Inst year amounted to more than twenty-two millions of dol. lars, r.xcoeding those of tho proceeding year by nearly seven millions of dollars; and tho imports therefrom, during the samo period, amounted to moro that twenty-one million an increase of six million upon those of tho previous year. The improved condition of this branch of our commerce is mainly attributed (o the above mentioned treaty. Provision was made, in the first article of that treaty, for a commission to desig nate tho mouths of rivers to which the common right of fishery, on the const of 1 lie United Mates end the British Provin ces, was not to extend. This commission has been employed a part of two seasons, but without much progress in accomplish ing the object for which it w as instituted, in consequenco of a serious difference of opinion between tho commissioners, not only as to precise point where the rivers terminate1, but in many instances as to what constitutes a river. These difficulties, however, may be overcome by resort to the umpiroge provided for by the treaty. Tlio efforts perseveringly prosecuted sinco the commencement of my adminis tration, to relievo our trado to ihe Bdliic from the exaction of sound due by Don mark, have not yet been attended with success. Other government have also sought lo obtain a like relief to their com merce, and Denmark was thus induced to propose an arrangemeut lo all the Europ ean Powers interested in the subject; and the manner in which her proposition w as received, warranting hor to believe that a satisfactory arrangement w ith them would soon bo concluded, she made a strong ap peal to this government for temporary sus pension of definite action ou its part, in consideration of the embarrassment which mijjlit resoli to her European negotiations by an immediate adjustment of the ques tion wiib tbe United State. This request has boen acceded to, upon the condition that the sum collected after the 16lh of June last, and uatil the lCth of Jure next, irom vessel ana cargoe belonging to our merchants, are to be considered as paid un der protest and subject to future adjust ment, between Denmark and tha maritime powers of Europe on tha subject, will be sooa- concluded, and that tha pending ne gotiation with tha United State may then be resumed and terminated is a satisfac tory manner. With 9pain no new difficulties hare aris en, nor hai much progress been made ia the adjustment or pending one. Negotiations entered into for th the pur pose of relieving our commercial intercourse with tha Mand ol Lu'a I soma 01 it Bur den, and providing for the niore speedy settlement of local dispute growing out of that intercourse, have not yet been at lelidnd with any result. Soon after the commencement of the late war in Europe, ibis government sub milled to the consideration of all maritime nations, two principle fr the security of neutral commerce: one, that Hie neutral flag should cover enemies' goods, except articles contraband of war; and the other, that neutral property on board merchant vessels of bvlligi-reuts should be exempt from condemnation, with the exception of contrnband article. These were not pre sentcd a now rules of international law ; having been generally claimed by neutrals, though not always admitted by belliger ent. One of (he parties to the war Itu. sia as well a several Ruulrul powers, promptly acceded to these propositions and tbe two other principal belligerents, Great Britain and r ranee, having eon sen led to observe them for lha present oc casien, a favorable opportunity seemed lo be presented for obtaining a general rec ognition of them both in Europe and America. But Great Britain and France, in common with most of the states of Eu rope, while forbearing to reject, did not affirmatively act upoa the overtures of the United slates. While the question was in this position, the representatives of Knasia, France, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, and Turkey, assembled at Paris, took into consideration I he subject of maritime rights, and put forth a declaration containing the two principles which this government had submitted, nearly two years before, to the consideration of maritime powers, and add ing thereto-the following projiosittons : "Privateering is aud remains abolished," and " Blockades, in order to be binding, must be effective, that is to say, maintained by a force sufficient really lo prevent access lo the coast or the enemy and to (be dec laration thus composed of four points, two of which had already been proposed by the United slates, this government has been invited to accede by all the powers repre sented at-Paris, except Great Britain and nirkey. To-lho lust of the two additional proposi tions that in relation lo blockades there can certainly be no objectiou. Il is merely the definition of what shall constitute the effectual investment of a blockaded place, a dr liniiion for which this government has always contended, claiming indemnity for losses where a practical violation of the rule thus defined has beon injurious to our commerce. As to Ihe remaining article of tlio d'olaratibn of the conference of Paris, "that privateering is and remains abolish ed," I certainly cannot ascribe to the pow ers represented in the conference of Paris, nny but liberal and philanthropic views in the attempt to change the unquestionable rule of maritime law in regard to privutcer- ing. 1 heir proposition was doubtless in tended to imply approval of tho principlo that private property upon the ocenn, al though it might belong to citizens of a bel ligerent Slate, should bo exempted from capture; and had that proposition been so framed ns to give full effect to the principlo, it would have received my ready assent on behalf of the United States. But the measure proposed is inadequate to that purpose it is true that if adopted, private properly upon tho oceon would be withdrawn from ono modo of plunder, but left exposed, meanwhile, to another mode, which could be, used with increased effect iveness. Tho aggressive capacity of groat naval powers would be thereby augmented, wiula tho dctonsive ability of others would to rouueod. 1 hough the surrender of the means of prosecuting hostilities by employ, ing privateers, as proposed by the confer ence oi runs, is mutual in terms, yet in practical effect, it would bo the relinquish ment of a right of little value to one class ol states, but of essential importance to-nn other and a fur larger class. It otiirht not to havo been, anticipated that a measure, so umdcqtiato to the Accomplishment of the proposed oliiect, and so unequal a its oper ation, would receive tho assent of all mar itime powers. Private property would be still left to the depredations cf tho public armed cruisors. I have expressed a readiness on the part of this government, to accede to all tho principles contained in tho declaration of tho conference of Paris, provided that rela ting to the alwndonnientuf privateering can be fo amended as to effect the object for which, as Is presumed, it was intended, the immunity or private property on the ocean from hostilo capture. To effect this object, it is proposed to add to the declaration that "privateering is and remains abolished," the loMowing amendment : "And that the private property of subjects end citizens of a belligerent on the high seas shall bo ex empl from seizure by ihe public armed vessels of the other belligoient, except it bo contraband. ilhj amendment has oern presentea not only to the powers winch havo asked our assent to tho decla ration lo abolish privateering, but to all other maritime States. Thus far it has not been h jecicd by any, and is favorably entertained by all which have mado any communication in reply. Several of the governments, regarding with favor tho proposition of the United States, have delayed definitive action upon it, only for the purpose of consulting with oihers, parlies to the conference of Paris. I have the satisfaclioa of staling, however, that tho Emperor of Russia has entirely and explicitly approved of that modifica tion, and will co-operate in endeavoring to obtain the assent of other powers:, and that assurances of a similar purport have been received in relation to the disposition of the Emperor-of the French. The present aspect of this important sub. jeet allows us to cherish the hope lhat a principle so humane in it character, so just and equal in its operation, so essential to the prosperity nf commercial nations. and so consonant to tbe sentiments of this enlightened period of the world, will com- mand the approbation of all maritime pow ers, and thus be incorporated into tha code of international lav. My views on the subject are more fully set forth in-lhe reply of tha Secretary of State, a eopy of which is herewith trans mitted, to the communications on the sub ject made to this government, especially lo the communication of France. . The government ef th United State has at all lime regarded with filmdly in Ure.t the other Sutesofmerica, formerly, like thi country, European colonies, and now Independent members of the great ram ily of nations. Bui the unsci:d condition of some of them, distracted by frequent revolutions, and thus incapable of regular and firm internal administrate, has tended lo embarrass occasionally our publio inter course, by reason of wrongs which our cit izens suffer at their bands, and which they are slow to redress. Unfortunately il is against the Republic tf i.i. -.. . .1. (1 Jlexivo, vim wnicu ii our sh-coii uo- sire to maiutaiu a good understanding, lhal such comflainls are most numerous; and although earnestly urged upon Its alten lion, Ihey have not as yel received the con sideration which this government had' a riiiht to expect. While reparation for past Injuries ha been withheld, olhors have been added.- lha political conditiou of that country, however, bi brtn inch a to demand forbearance on the part or t,li United States 1 shall continue my effort to procure for lha wrongs of'our citizen lhal rod res which it indispensable to ihe continued friendly assoviatioQ of lha two UepuUica. Tha peculiar condition of affairs Id Nic aragua in lha early part of tha present year, rendered il important that this gov eminent should have diplomatic relations with that state. 1 brough iu territory had been opened one of the principal thorough fares across the isthmus connecting Jorlh and South ' America, on ' which a vast amount of property1 waa transported, aud to which our citizens ' resorted in' great numbers, in passing hot ween the Atlantio and Pacific coasts of the 'United Stales. The protection of both required lhat the existing power in that slate should be re garded as1 a responsible government ; and its minister was accordingly received. Bui he remained here otily a short lime. Soon thereafter the political affair of Nicaragua underwent unfavorable. change, pnd became involved in much uncertainty and confusion. Diplomatio representa tives from two contending parlies have been recently sent lo this government ; but, with the i m per feci information possessed, it was not impossible lo decide which was tho govcrnmeut at Jaeto ; and awaiting further developments, I hare refused to re ccive either. Questions of the most serious nature aro pending between the United States and the republic of New Granada. 1 he govern ment of that republie undertook, a year since, to impose tunnnge duties Dn foreign vessels in her pons, but the purpose was resisted by this government, ns being con trary to existing treaty stipulation with the United states, and to rights conlerred by artcr unon the I'annma Kuilroad Com ity, and was accordingly relinquished at that timo, it being admitted that 'our vessels wcro entitled to bo exempt from tonnage duty in tho free ports or Panama and Aspinwall. But the purposo has been recently revived, on the part of New Gra nada, by the enactment of a law to sub ject vessels visiting her ports lo the ton, nage duly or torly cents per ton ; and although the law has not been put in force, yet the right to enforce it is still asserted, and may, at any time, be acted- on by the governmnntof that republic. Ihe Congress of New Granada ho en acted a law, during Iho last year, which levies a tax of more than three dol la is -on every pound of mail matter transported across the Isthmus. The sum thus re quired to be paid on the mails of the Uni- ted btutes Would bo nearly-1 o million of dollars annually, in addition to the large sum payable by contract to the Panama Ilailroad Company. li the only object ion to this exaction were the exorbitancy of its amount, il could not bo submitted lo by the United States. The imposition of it: however, would obviously contfaveno our treaty with New Granada, and infringo the contract of that republio with the Panama Railroad Com pany.. The law providing for this tax was, by its terms, to take edict on the first of September Inst, but the local authorities on. Iho Isthmus have been induced to suspend its execution, and to await further instruc tions on the subject from the government of tho republic. I am not yet advised of the determination of that government. If a measure so extraordinary in its charac ter, and so clearly contrary to treaty stip ulations, and tho contract rights of the Panama Uailroad Company, composed mostly of American citizens, should be persisted in, it will bo the duty of tho Lntted states to resist Us execution. I regret exceedingly that occasion ex ists to invite your attention to a subject or still graver import in our relations with the Republic of New Granada. On the fifteenth day of April last, a riotous as semblage of tho inhabitants of Panama committed a violent and outrageous attack on the promises of the railroad company, and the passengers and other persons in or near the same, involving Ihe death of sev eral citizens of the United States, the pillage of many others, and the destruc lion of a large amount of property be longing to the railroad company, I caused full investigation of lhat oventto bo made, and the result show satisfactorily that completo responsibility for what occurred attaches to the government of New Gra nada. I have, therefore, demanded ofthat government that the perpetrators oMtve wrbngs in question shall ' ba punished ; that provisions should be made for the families of citizens of the United Slates who were killed, with full indemnity for the property aillasred or destroyed.' The present condition of tho Isthmus of fanama, in so far as retards the securitv of persons and properly; passing over it, requires serious consideration. Recent incidents tend to show that the local au thorities cannot be relied on to maintain the pubtio peace of Panama, and there is just ground for apprehension that a por tion ot lha inhabitants are meditating further witrages, without adequate meas ures for the security and protection of persons or property havinir been taken either by the State of Panama, or by the general government of New Granada. Under the guaranties of treaty, citizens of the United States have, by tbe outlay of several million of dollars, constructed a railroad across the Isthmus, and it has became the main route between our Atlan tic and Pacific possessions, over which mnl. titudeeof our citizens and a vast amount of property are constant!' passing to ih curity and protection t fall which; and the continuance or the pnbhc advantages in. yolred, it ia impossible for the government ; of the Uuittd Stairs lo ba indifferent. I hate doemud the danger of lha recur rence of scenes of lawless violence In this quarter so imminent a lo make ft my duty lo station a part of our nival force in lha hsibers of Panama and Aspinwall, in order lo protect ihe person and prnjteriy of the citizens of tho United Stale in ihose port, and lo insure lo ihun safe page aero. the Nihtiiu. And it would, in my judg ment, ba unwise to withdraw tba naval force now in those ports, until or ina spon taneous selion of tha republie of New lira nada, or otherwise, omo adequate arrange inrnl shall have been made for tha proteo- lion and security of a lino of interocranic coinuiuiiieatiua so important nt thl lime, not to the United State only, but lo all othor maritime State, both of Europe ami America. , , Meanwhile, negotiation have beon In stllulbd by mean of a special commission, lo obtain from Now Granada full indum. uity for injuries sustained by our citizens on lite Isthmus, and satisfactory security for Ihe general interest of the United Slate. In addressing to you my last annual message, th occasion seems to ma an ap propriate one lo express ray congratulations in view oi i oe pence, grca.uvss, biiu iciiciiy which the United Slates now possess aud enjoy. To point you to the stale of the various departments "of the Government, and of all ihe, great branches or lha publio service, civil snd military, in order to speak of Ilia intelligence and the integrity which nervkdo the whole, would be lo indicate but imperfectly the administrative condi tion of the country, and the beneficial effects of lhat on the goneral welfare. Nor would It suffice lo say thai lha nation is actually al peace at homo and abroad; lhat it industrial interests are prosperous ; that lha canvas of its' mariners whitens evory sea ; and Ihe plow of its husbandmen is marching steadily onward to the blood less conquest of the continent ; that cities and populous State are springing up. a if by enchantment, from tho bosom bf 'our Western wilds, and that 'iho courageous energy of ouf people is making these United States 'the Great Republic of 'the world.' t t These' results havo not been' attained without passing through I rials nnd peiils, by experience of which, and thus only, na tions can harden into manhood. Our forefathers were trained to the wisdom which conceived, and the courage which achieved, independence, by the circum- sluncos which surrounded them, nnd they wcro thus mudecapabto or tho creation ol the Republic. It devolved on lha next gen eration to consolidate the work of the Rev olution, to deliver the country entirely from the influences of conflicting, trswiathuitio partialities or antipathies,' which attached to bur1 colonial and revolutionary history, and to organizo the practical operation of the constitutional and . legal instil utniur of ihe Union'.' To us, of this generation! remains the not less noble t.ibk of maintuininr and extending tho power of 'tlie luitcd.Siates. W e have, at lenglh, reached lhat stnuo of the national career, -its which the dangers to bo encountered, nnd the exertions lo be made, are the incident,, not of weakness, but of sircngih'.' la our foreign relations wo have lo et'emper our power lo the less h'appj. condition of other republics in America, and to place ourselves, in 'the cidiimess and' conscious dignity of right, by the tide of the greatest a ad wealthiest oi uio empires oi uuropo. in our no- -I- .1. . ! . r mestio relations we have lo guurd against the shock of (he discontents, the ambitions, tho interests, and the exuberant, and, there fore, sometimes ii regular impulses of opin ion, or ot action, whtcti are the natural product of the present political elevation, the self-reliance, and the restless -spirit of enterprise of the people of - the United States. 1 shall prepare td surrender the Execu tive trust to my successor, and lo retire to privata life with' sentiments of profound gratituda to the good Providence which, during the period of my administration, has vouchsafed to carry the country through many difficulties, domestic nnd foreign, and to cnablo me to contemplate the spoctnele of amicable and respectful relations be tween ours and all other Governments, nnd the establishment of constitutional order and tranquillity throughout the Union. FRANKLIN TIERCE. Washington, Dec. 2, 1830. Malleable Irok Direct fkom thbOiie, A discovery of no small interest has re cently been made in- the mode of manu facturing iron. This -metal, .which has now become one of Ihe instruments of civilization, promises to be as ductile, as any manufacturer can wish. Hitherto, two processes nave been necessary in, order to ob'am pure iron from tho. ore. First, by means of the blast furnace, ihe ore. is converted into pig or cast iron. Second, by tuo use ot the puddling furnace, pier iron is converted into wrought ironr liach process is very expensive. A new process. ha& recently been tried by Mr. M. S. Salter,.. of Newa'k. New Jersey, bv which only ono operation is necessary, so that malleable iron can be made from, the ore at the same expense as vis iron. inn impiinues oi me ore are expelled by exposing it to a moderate beat during the first stages of the progress and bv a Ti. : .l " .. . gradual increase ot me temperature. Or. dinnrily the ore, which is an oxide oCiron, remains tor twelve Hours in the bias: fur nace, and is then drawn off as pig iron, which is a carburet of iron. That is. the ore has been de-oxidised and af erward car. buretted by Ihe contact with th carbon in the fuel in which it is burnt. The problem has been to stop the process at that point when the or i tbouroughly de-oxidised for then it is pure wroogbviron. This im portant desideratum is accomplished by Rfrl Salter's new process, which it.is churned will yield a greater percentage of metal from any given amount of ore 'than is oh; tained by any furnaces heretofore rued. ftt" A writer ftoro Melbourne, Austra- lis, says: If any proof-were wanted of the necessity for bringing to bear upon the Polynesian alLthe civilizing influences lhat are withia our reach, I may mention tho melancholy intelligence that two mis sionaries and their wive hv rcecml been murdered and eaten by aavages of one of the New Hebrides. Senator Douglas has married Miss Cults. dDrcsott atous. w. u. sosns, aniToa se AoNnma"" omoow CITTv i SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, i837t rrrtUtai'i n.tMMt7 " We print loday what i. commonl, termed lha President Message, hut which might be moro appropriiiely ctti t chunk of a slump speech. If j, tjj an A'chison, a Stringfullow, or aJ0W would like to have 11. If 'jf was not writ, ten ly biilly Brooks, the man who did write it certainly stolo Brooks' speech of Oct. 3J as a model. Tha following passage from Brook speech In South Carolina serves 'at fc l?h for Ihe bulk of tbe message : - " Now, fellow-cilizens, it is" liHpossill hi make a speech on a political qne.iioo with out going into lhal ubjeei which i tk$ politic of the county. Wk uave'nb boll lies but tho nigger." In fact It would requlro hut a very f, "slight variations" to turn this fire eaLtr'e speech into an admirable messsg fora Joi cofboo President. The Nebraska bill ws served up to (So partj'wiifi stuffing w,cnj llonton called "a bit of stump speech, injccled into the belly' of 'the bill In fbU lowing out the Douglas programme', iri tha pirlt of progrewiva democracy, ihe Pr?. dent ha stuffed bis message with a moo. atrous stump speech, and packed 'it awaa win, uio iiinuei in uio vineinnati plsiformi We have no doubfthal Pierce and Brooks- and politicians of thkt' ilk' pronounce if a, marvelous production, beautiful and corns, ly in all 'its parte. Wo hop they wi pardon us for expressing the opinion thai It look! uecWedlylod corpulent. Like old Pickwick, its hdge'ness of abdominal devil.' opmchts'ilty corresponds wiibi'its drum. stick supporters. Brobk -salt irr1 his speech, I have cot but one issue, and that is the negro." tierce stands upon precisely the same plat. furmj artd so dotf iho party. As long as' Hie party exuts, tho " negro" will be th great burthen of atump speeches, me.' ages, nnd Cabinet councils'. At all liiuki' and upon all occasions il w ill be thrust into Ihe fucos of the American people, swiih ' command to swallow il uttered biheoffW ciult with tho defiant spect of Po!' when he said "we will uhdueyou,',at lha same time everybody who i opposed to' the niggor driving, policy of ih parly will'9 be begged of' "not' to! toy wyMfr-ueii' ulavcry" l'.aarusV' The Lncofoco momliersbfiha LegisTatora" hnd a very interesting timoof il ar a party? caucus' held in-' SulJin 'last' Monday night for the purposo of." nominating Territorial 1 officers. After the business of nominating- was gone through with, a set of resolutions reading tho Standard out of the party was" introduced and advocated "vehemently br Smith of L'inii. A motion' was 'made by,1 Col. Keller to lay them over till Tuesday1 night. Smith objected, and' urged their"' immediate adoption, iu a "lengthy, charao- teristic speccS', rehearsing. a portion of lha-' past history of the party with- which hat stands connected, its unparalleled succes,t its gigsntio growth, iu hard fought battles' and brilliant victories, together with its dreadful sufferings from the artillory of the opposition, nnd, adopting ihe sentiment of Eneas in his painful rehearsal to Dido of Trojan suffering nnd Trojan prowess in tha ton years' siege that ended in the sick of Troy, El quorum pan magna fui, which, being liberally renderedy. means " I consider myself to have been tho tf ggesb toad in' the puddle." ' This powerful appeal being made, with" eyes watering,, head thrown back, bosom heaving, nnd jaws distended, the orator assumed a rigid position, drew himself, up. in awful grandeur, and, .with-aamnjejly t ed ipsing a thundering Jupiter, exclaimed "If these resolutions eiVr .passed, Jshalli leave tba-demaciatio pirty, and. retire lo, my farm; and, if they ajnVpassad by. thi&caucus, I have made'up.rrty mJad.thaV either lha Siandard-man or I .will.Jite Ma dust" ! f: Hereupon the small fry of the buihit--school -shook terribly; in their bpotsaneV: relfas though, they jouId Var.taV pdlars, of. "our party's." ftViQ squeaking al lha tugging of this political Sampson. Mf. Shuck proposed- the- following, addition to. the string of resolution: " Resolved, That all who do not, adopt tbe Statesman as their political, organ, be., read-out of the party.''" Col. Kelley here made-a wrathy peech against forcing Smith Yresolinion tbroogh at ooce wh.eteupou-.lh.cqr vre.Iidv till Tuesday, night. . "t3T Messrs. Boulon. arid. .Wood,- to gether with the infant son of the former, . boy of seven and a half yers of gt. gave two musical concerts in thi city oq, Saturday and Monday nights', mncb, to tba delight of our citizens, TN ?J H?" to handle a violin from, inslincj, aqd iwo are no reason, why ha may not reach tba acme of fame to which Handet and Mozart climbed in Germany. Mpzart was Lorp j0 7jf?t and, when boy, waslikeyoung Boojop, a asters! mu sician. When grown tp manhood ba per formed the remarkable feat of memory a taking down a celebrated piece of music bo had heard in the Sistioe Chapel be for, and afterward correcting the Bole a b? htlJ thorn in the cjown of his bat.