Image provided by: Crook County Historical Society/Bowman Museum; Prineville, OR
About Crook County journal. (Prineville, Or.) 189?-1921 | View Entire Issue (June 3, 1920)
CROOK OOTXWTT JOfRVAl, BRANDS AND STANDARDS TEND TO DEVELOP BETTER FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC MARKETS OOP ROAD BUILDING DRAINAGE IS BIG ESSENTIAL BEEF ANIMAL FOR HOME USE Chief Requirement of Good Earth Unprofitable Cow or Heifer That Does Road Is Drainage Keep crown farm AtKttLS iHSffyflB Not Promise to Be Good Pro ducer May Be Killed. The farmer buyi more beef than he Properly Dragged. i Inspecting ButUr Preparatory to 8hlpplng It to Forolgn Market. Other Things Being Equal, Inepected Product Are Counted More Desirable Than Those Not Inspected. (Prepared by the United Btntce Depart ment of Aarlrulture ) There limy be nothing in a name, but there U a lot In a brand, especially In the export trade. Practically allcx inrt business of fnitil product la ham rtli'd on a hauls of branded goods. To a much greater M'cnt "'an the Amert ran producer 'realises foreign buyers make ue of brands In purchasing product by cable, and Importers In foreign Imiil depend upon brands In Judging the quality of the products they bundle. There are three ways of buying roods for export. One way la by the uhp of samples of standard products, another by orders, often raided, Riving; Instructions to agents to buy specified quantities of certain branded prod ucts; the third method, by far the least used. Is for an Importer to visit foreign countries In person and select products wanted. Advantages of Brands. In the United Hlatea the use of standard and of many copyrighted brnnds op domestic product" has helped sell goods of various kinds and trade-marked gooda of quality have en loved wider distribution than nnn standard, nnbrnmlcd products. Many cotirerna that have not developed any export business own copyrighted trade marks on nroduets sold In home mar keta which they value among the chief assets of their business. Of course It Is not enough merely to use brnnds. but their use today Is com Ing morn and more to be bucked up liv nnnlllv In the good so labeled, Es tuwintlv Is this true where products are widely advertised. There are some commodities for which a brand Is In Itself an advertisement and when this brand becomes known among buyers as a guaranty of quality or grade, It serves to expedite the sale of the prou uet Take butter, for example, of which the United States exported over tnnciOOOO rounds during tbo first ten months of 1010. A large amount of American butter Is shipped without insnpctlnn or grading: It Is not ban died so that foreign buyers know what they are receiving and as a result It lines not sell as well In foreign mar kets as butter from countries where Inspection and branding are practiced investiirntora In the dairy market Ing division of the federal bureau of markets has found that unhrnndea but ter from the United States, while sell Ing freely during the present scarcity of hntter In other countries, Is not llke- lv to retain a hold on foreign buyers nfter other countries resume exports tlon. In this fact Is an Important les son not only for dairy Interests but other producers desirous of expanding tt.elr trndo abroad. Creamery men cannot expect to develop a foreign market for their product unless they establish reputations for their goods iimr na manufacturers In other lines have done and standards or brands arc a great aid In such business devel opment. Building a Foreign Trade. Before the war Dcnmork was a large factor' In the International trade In butter. She has been famous for her dairy products for years, not only on the continent, but In South America, where even In out-of-the-way corners of the tropics travelers found the only butter available came In cans with a Danish label. New Zealand 1ms built up a trade with Europe in butter through a government Inspection serv ice, and butter must measure up to certain standards before the Inspectors will place their stamp upon It Inspection Service. , This Idea oi Inspected and brnnded butter Is not new in the United States, for the federal department of agricul ture has been Inspecting Interstate and Canal zone shipments of butter for some time. ' This Inspection, however, Is not compulsory, and has not as yet been applied to export trade to any great extent. Recently a large purchase of butter for export was Inspected by a United States government inspector at the request of the purchaser who houeht the butter subject to Inspection. This Is said to be the first time that Inspection by any government has been asked for on any large amount of but ter exports. Exporters In the United states who shlD to Central America usually us brands on their butter and SMALL HOUSES BEST FOR CHICKEN FLOCK Size of Building Should Be Gov erned by Number of Hens. It can bo truthfully said that drnln- aire la the chief essential In putting earth roaila Into proper condition. An old Scotchman, an expert road DUiiuer, aotly said that the three requirement! of good earth roads are drainage, more drainage, and still more drainage, me roads must not only have good surface drainage but must also have good un der drainage. Surface drainage la se cured by proper grading, adequate aide ditches, and bv keening the crown of tlio road properly dragged. Stretches of road that do not dry out quicmy must be under-drained by tile. The drag must be used after each rain, If tho best results are to be se cured. Don't ro on the road while too muddy, let It dry out slightly; It should be wet enough, however, so It will not have developed some trade there In re cent months. ' If the United States Is to keep Ita present export trade In dairy product and not suiter from possible competi tion In home markets, It Is necessary to pay more attention to the quality of It! products ami make fuller use oi brands and scores In handling Its but ter production. What applies to dairy products applies to many other Hue! a! well. y v.. Smaller Breeds Being More Active and Restless Require About as Much Space as Larger One Make Structure Square. The size of the hen house should be governed by the ale of the flock. From 40 tf. f0 seems to he about as many birds as are safe to keep together. With flocks of this size from four to five square feet of floor space should be allowed to each bird. This will sudlce In most cases where careful at tention Is given to cleanliness and ven tilation. If the fowls are kept In smaller flocks more floor spare to a bird will be needed. In sections where the cllmnto Is so mild that It Is unnecessary to keep fowls- conjlned, except for a few days ar a time, less space to a bird should bo sufficient. The smaller breeds, being more active and restless, require about as much room as the larger breeds. For the greater amount of floor space for the leust cost a building should be square. Other things being equal, the nearer square a house Is tho less lumber It will take according to poultry specialists of the United States department of agriculture. How ever, It Is sometimes out of the ques tion to build a largo houso Bquare. A building should not be so wide that the sun cannot reach the back of the house, otherwise It will be dump. Fourteen feet Is convenient width. liuilil tho house as low as possible without danger of attendants bumping their heads against the celling, for tne low house Is more easily warmed than a high one. Several of the Grain belt States An nually Expend Over $3,000,000 In Constructing and Maintaining Roads, Bridges and Culverts. PRUNE PEACH TRtE HEAVILY Will Induce Correspondingly Large Amount or New wood urowin. Knowledge Essential. Peaches are always bome on wood that grew tho previous season. There fore, after n npflrh tree reaches neiir- Inir aire It is essential so to manage It ait to Induce a fairly liberal growth each am son. As n treneral nronosltlon. very heavy pruning will Induce a correspondingly large amount or new wooa groww. it follows that the weaker-growing va rieties should be pruned more heavily, relatively, than the very strong-groW' luff sorts. (fmnlni, r9 on nnun.linaflail (rDA Is not merely a matter of keeping the top well thinned out The position or the branches can tie controlled and di rected to a marked extent by the man ner in which the nrunlnir Ih done1. Hendinir In a tree froia vear to year. and pruning with a view to producing an open, spreading, low-top results not nnlv In the develoDment of strong. stoekv llmhs well able to sustain heavy loads of fruit, but It brings a large proportion or the top near tne ground where i.:uch of the fruit can be har vested without the use of step-ladders. The man who prunes a rruit tree during Its first years must have a pret ty clear conception of what tne tree l tn look like when It reaches matur ity, and he needs to know from the h,Nrti:nlncr wtlflf Is tlPCPRRfll-V each time It is pruned (n order to develop the tree which forms his mental vision. A well.fnrmpd nlsn. based on a knowl edge of the underlying principles of pruulng, Is essential if the operation is to be anything more than a haphaz ard removal of branches that appear to be in the way. takes from the farm. Only about 10 per cent of meat furnished by the av erage farm Is beef. In the North and West the average consumption of beef per family la nearly 300 pounds and In the South It Is less than 100 pounds. The beef animal killed for home use, suggest specialists of the United States department of agriculture, may be a beef steer or an unprofitable cow, nr hplfpr that does not Dromlse to be a good producer and would not bring a good price for beef on the market Very little veal Is killed on Most Farmers Buy Beef From Village Butchers Who Operate Wagone in Country. the farm for home use. Much of the beef honeht by fanners is bought In the summer from village butchers who nnernto meat waeons or cars in tne country. On the average farm there are no facilities for keeping rxesn meat during warm weather. cnnnble. hut smenr. When properly used, the drag brings a thin layer of earth toward the center of the road which Is rolled and packed between CODLING MOTH IS CHECKED secured by dragging, the angle of the drag should be reversed. Gettipg tho earth roads graded, ditches open, well drained, and prop erly crowned by dragging Is about all Hint- ran hn dm until the neotile are ready to surface the rond with gravel, broken stone or some other surfacing uiateriui. Control of Injurious Insect More Ef fectlve Last Year Than for Several Seasons. POOR HATCHES ARE COMMON Condition of Eggs Previous to Hatch Ing Is More Apt Than Incuba tion to Be Cause. Poor hatches are common with poul hut what causes thcra Is a much discussed question. The answer depends on a great variety or circura ntuneea. The condition of the eggs previous to hatching is more apt than the Incubation to he tne cause, al though Improper handling In either pa a a will nroduce the same results, says the United States department of agriculture. When eggs rail to natcn, first see whether the breeding stock is kept under conditions which tend to produce strong, fertile germs in the ecirs : next whether the eggs have been handled properly before incuba tion! and lastly, wnetner me conui tlons were right during Incubation. When an Incubator Is used a dally temperature record should be kept of each mochlne. The operator cun tnen compare the temperature at which the machines have been maintained. This may prove of value in the fu ture, especially If the brooder records can be checked back against those of the incubator. " GREAT 1920 ROAD PROGRAM Necessary for Many States to Post pone Expenditure of Federal Funds for Building. Dav'.d F. Houston, secretary of agrl ci tit ore In his annual renort. calls at tention to the fact that the 1019 pro gram for federal aid rond building is grenter than any previous annual road-bulldlng accomplishment In this pmintrv. It Is so crent. in fact, that It undoubtedly will be necessary for many of the states to postpone until 1920 the expenditure of the federal funds, because of the necessity of de velonlng experienced contracting and enclneerlni: organizations from the stagnant conditions brought about by the war. Under the terms or the rea eral aid road act, the apportionment to n state for any one fiscal year re mains available for expenditure until n,n pinsa nf the siirceedinfr year. It Is estimated that funds already pro vided will be sufficient to finance next year a program more than four times greater than any thnt has ever been undertaken. When the annle eron of the country was harvested last fall, it was appar ent that control of tne coaling mom had been more effective last year than for many seasons past, according to deciduous fruit specialists of the. bu- STEER-FEEDING EXPERIMENT Cottonseed Meal and Velvet Beans Used With and Without Addi tion of Shelled Corn. fn a steor-feedlne exneriment con ducted last year on the government farm at Beltsville, Md., four lots of two-year-old steers were fcd. The pnr nrai una tn mmMrf cottonseed meal and soaked velvet beans when used with and without the addition of shpllpfl corn. The addition of corn to a ration omposed of corn silager, cottonseed meal and wheat straw did not pay. The addition of corn to the ration of velvet beans and com silage was profitable. Tha nt receiving corn silage and soaked velvet beans with a small quan tity of cottonseed meal as an appe tizer nroduced the most economical gains and. showed the greatest profit even though the dally gams ana ine selllne Drice of the cattle were lower than those of any of the other lots. TO DOUBLE VALUE OF STOCK President of Michigan Association Wants Every Farmer to Agree to Use Only Purebreda, MUST MAKE BETTER BUTTER Imports Emphasize Impressive Lesson for Dairymen foreign v-onv petition Active. To meet fnrelen comnetltlon. dairy farmers of the United Btates must be able to produce a better quality of product and produce and market It more economically and more efficient ly, according to sneciallsts In the bureau of markets, United States de partment of agriculture. Arrivals of shipments of Danish but ter are already affecting prices on the New Tork City market Argentina Is producing nearly three times tne amount of butter and cheese con sumed, and some of the surplus may be expected to come to this country or compete with our products In for elen countries. Before the war Si beria was rapidly extending its dairy Industry and when conditions Decome settled in that country It may be ex pected to come back as a factor In the world's market Recently there have been signs of Interest In dairy ing In South Africa, and the Industry as developed in New Zealand and Aus tralia must be reckoned with. If the dairy products manufactured In the United States are of a better quality than those from other countries they need not fear competition. Can ada's cheese Industry Illustrates this. A strict system of government super vision in the training or cneese makers. In the operating of the fac tories, and In the grading, marketing and exporting of tne product, exists there. This has tended toward an Improvement in the quality of Ca nadian cheese until it ranks with the finest on the English markets. The dairy Industry in Argentina has grown rapidly since the beginning of the war. Before the war butter ex- GOOD MARKET. IS REQUISITE Prime Essential for Successful Diversi fied Farming Bad Roads Are ' Drawback. Farmers sooner or later learn the de sirability of diversified farming. Per haps no cause limits farming of this description so much as bad roads, for the prime requisite for successful di versified farming is a good market This market may be either a nearby town or a city, or a distant market which requires railroad transporta tion. NEVER PLOW UNDER MANURE When Seeding Field to Clover Ferti lizer and Disking Leave Much to Conserve Moisture. Npvor ntnw under tnnnnrA or fer tilizers when seeding a field to clover. The manure and disking leave an ex cellent tnnlch on the surface of the ground which conserves moisture, es pecially during the hot dry weather In midsummer. ADVANTAGE TO AGRICULTURE i Time Saved In Hauling Over Improved Roads Really Reduces cost or Transportation. One of the great advantages of Im proved roads to agriculture Is the time saved in hauling, which in reality amounts to a reduction in transporta tion costs. Instruments for Pruning. In pruning, use sharp instruments, and make a clean, smooth cut A bruised or splintered cut disfigures the tree. Trees May Need Fertilizing. Orchard trees, like other crops, often are greatly helped by the judicious use of fertilizer. tyorthy of Good Place. , Tho. strawberry is certainly worthy of a very Important place In any home Codling Moth, the Cause of Wormy Apples. reau of entomology, United States de partment of agriculture. Because of the nnnsunllv hleh value of the apple crop, the specialists expect that the results obtained will stimulate similar thorough work another year. SPRAYING FOR LEAF-HOPPER Solution of Nicotine Sulphate With Little Soap Added is Effective to Kill Pest A 40 per cent solution of nicotine sulphate used at the rate of one pan nf the. siilnhate to 1.500 parts of wa ter, with a little soap added, forms an effective spray for the apple leaf As this nest frequently stunts apple trees, It would be well to watch for It and kill It as soon as it makes its appearance. EGGS OF TENT CATERPILLAR Deposited in Masses Around Small Branches of Apple Trees Cut Them Out and Burn. Tho emrs of the tent caterpillar are deposited In masses oround the small branches of opple trees and the winter is passed in tills stage. Watch for them wnue pruuiug yum- umiuu mm cut out these egg masses and burn them. This will prevent future loss and effectJL!nlC;tel?on1, - ' Travel on Good Roads. In Now York state, "where millions have been expended on road improve ment, It Is said that It Is now possible .inn to travel in an automobile three straight months without leaving Improved roaas. Tranafarmation of Road. Aithnneh employed . usually as a phase of maintenance work, dragging Is in many cases a means of gradual transformation of a road from a mere trail Into a well-shaped bard-surfaced, and "fast", roaa. sr. Josenh county. Mich., plans to flnnhln the value of Its live stock with in three years. Current activities to accomplish the purpose are descrmea by William T. Langley, president of the St. Joseph County Live Stock Breeders' association, in a statement he has furnished the United states ifonnrtment of aericulture. "We want every man," he declares, "to give us a pledge to use notnmg lint- nn retired sires. "We have a sign In the making that reads "Purebred Sire Farm' that we want nosted on every farmyard gate. "We want nothing but high-grade and purebred females. o-pneral association has been or ganized that includes the members of the various breeding associations and also all breedees of grades that pledge to use only purebred sires. GROUND RYE BEST FOR PIGS It I Better Mixed In Equal Parts With Middlings, Ground Oats, Barley or Corn. n la irpnerailv recommended that rye be ground for feeding to pigs. It la hpsf miTPrl in eauat amounts wiui innm. mnnfl nnta. crronnd bar- UllUUllUgO, ' o-- ley or corn. If the mixture is placed in tho npif-feeder. care must be taken to see thut there is a good supply of water available for the pigs, iney should have continual access to salt also. LIVE STOCK NOTES jf iO''X&'StO'SSt9&ItS The higher the breed of cattle, the better is the beef. There Is no danger of a good grade of tankage spreading nog cnoiera. A good bull Is Just as good & a stag a3 far as market value Is con cerned. TTnrn.es am as noor as their feet. Always examine this section, of their anatomy, when r-sS. Is hT prospect. Part of One of Shipments of Danish Butter Arriving In New York wnicn Have . Caused American Dairy In terest! to See the Possibility of Growing Foreign Competition. ports from that country totaled 3.262 tons a year; in 1918 they were nve timea that. Cheese exDOrts were far exceeded by the imports in 1913. Now the conditions are reversed over o,wu tons of cheese being exported in 1918. Today most of these exports are tn Enronean markets, but should conditions become favorable It may be expected that some of these will come to this country. The bu reau of markets warns dairymen to De prepared to meet this competition. CANS BETTER THAN BUCKETS Most Convenient for Collecting Milk at Barns and Conveying It to the House. fiiv nnd cream from 'even a few cows can be much more conveniently handled in regular milk cans than In the shallow pans and wlde-moutnea buckets commonly used. Cans are con venient for collecting the milk at tho barn and transferring It to the house. These cans may be bought m van- nna sizes. For handling cream ana skimmilk where separators are used, or even where cream is set to sour ior buttermaking, the "shotgun can" Is very convenient It can be easily cov ered and set in water and is conven ient to handle. DIFFICULT CHURNING CAUSES Among Other Things Cream May Bo Too Thin and Temperature May Not Ba Right. Difficult churning may be due to sev eral factors: Too thin cream. It should test be tween 30 to 85 per cent fat wrong churning temperature oi tne cream. Sixty degrees Is about right In a few instances It may De aue io the action of certain germs. In some instances It may be due to feeding foods which produce a large percentage of hard fats. Sour cream churns easier than sweet cream. . .' orchard.