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About Weekly Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1900-1924 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1905)
PRESID'EMI'SES .(Continued .from page 3). tBf manner use, prematurely, 4nfennati?n which i accessible to the officer or employee - . reason ef his official position. . Mus f breaches of trust are already covered b)r l U, and this one should be It is impossi ble,' bo natter how naeh care is used, t ace'vent the occasion! appointment to tb ablie service of a aui who when temp c -; .raves fsithful; but every means shvtT ' provided to detect and every effort mad' - V punivb the wrongdoer. Ho far as in mj ewer lies esrh and every such wengdoer 'shall he relentlessly hunted down; In nc i ' instance in the paM hs he been. spared; i: insunee in the future shall he lie spared, i , crime is crime against every bones, ' aa in the nation,, for it is eriino again lae whole body politic .- Yet in dwelling on ,n-b misdeeds, it is unjust not to add .tbi they are altogether exceptional, and that on the whole the employees of the government render upright and faithful service to- the people. 1 here are exceptions, notably in one cr two branches of the service; but .at no time in the nation's history' has - the public service of the nation taken as s whole stooo es s higher plane than now, slik -as re gards honesty and as regards efficiency. Public Land Laws. Once sgain I csll your attention to the condition of the" pnblter land laws. Keeen developments have given new. urgency to the need for such changes as will fit these Uws to actus! present conditions. The hones, disposal and right use of the remainint pnMic lands is of fundamental importance. Thr ini'toitous methods by whifh the mon opolizing of the publie' lands is bjeing b rough about under the present laws are becoming mr generally known, but the existing laws do not furnish effective remedies. The- rec ommendations of the publie land commission upon this subject- are wise and should b given -effect. , J , , The creation of jsmall irrigated farms un eVr the Reclamation Act is a powerful offs to the tendency of certain other laws to foster or permit monopoly of the lnd. Under that art the tvsistrurtion of great irrigation work hits been proceeding rapidly and sue rctsfuily, the lands reclaimed are eagerl. taken up, and the prospect that the policy o 'national irrigation' will accompli h all that w expected of it if bright, 'the act about, lie extended to include the state of Texas. The Reclamation; -Act derives much of it Tsliic from the. fact that it tends to secure thr greatest possible number of homes on thr land, and to . create communities of free holders, in part by. settlement on publie land, in part by furring the subdivision of large private holdings before they ran get water from government irrigation works. The law rr-iiir- that no right to the use of water for lair I in private ownership- shjll be sold for s tract exceeding . 6Q acres to any one land owner. This pmkision has excited activt anil powerful hostility, but the success m the law itself depends on the wise and firm enforcement of it; We ran not afford to sultituie tenants' 'for freeholders . on the putilic domain. i '1 he greater peril of the remaining public land can not be irrigated. They are at pres ent and will probhhiy always be of greater value for grazing tjhan for any other purpose. '1 hi fact has led ; to the grazing homcstejO f to ncres in Nebraska and to the propose "K'nuon of. it to jother states. It is argueo that a family cannot le supported" on 100 arre. j,t arid gracing land. Thi is obviounly true;' lit neither ran a family le 8opMrted on BID acres of much of the land to which it ; is. propesed to apply the Crazing homesteads 'lo establish universa'ly any such arbitrary limit would 1h unwise at the present time. it would probably resnl on tbe one hind in enlarging the holdings of Homo of the great land owner, and on the other in -needless suffering and failure on the part of a very considerable propor tion f the bona fide, settlers who give faiih to the implied assurance of the government that such an area is sufficient. The best use of the public grazing lands require the care ful examination and classification of th-o lands in order to give each settler Ian-, enough to support his family and no more. While this work is being done, and until th land are settled, the government khntild tak control ofi th open range, aadec reasonable regulations sailed to ltjl imdt,, followiu;. he general policy already in successful o emtion on the forest reserves. Jt is probable that the present grazing value of the opei public range is scarcely more than hilf whs' it once was or what it might easily be again under careful regulation. The forest policy of the administration ap pear to enjoy the unbroken support of the people. The great users, of timber are them selves forwarding the movement for forest preservation. All organised opposition to ;h forest reserve in the West has disappeared. Since the consolidation of all govemnieix forest work in the! national forest service there has been a rapid and notable gain i . the usefulness of the forest reserves to th' people and in public appreciation of Iheii value. The national parks within or adj i reut to forest reserves should be tramferrci to t;ie charge of the forest service also. Mississippi Levees. The national rovernment "alreadv dors something in connection with the construction and -maintenance of the great system l levees along the lower course of the Misi sippi : in my judgment it should do much more. " - Merchant Marine. To lha spread of our trade in pas re am thti defense of our flag iu .war a great am prosperous merchint marine ia indispensable. We . should have ships of znr own and sea men of our own to Convey our goods to neutral markets, and in case of need to re enforce our battle line. It cannot but be a source of regret and uneasiness to us that - the lines' of communication with our sister rennblirs of South America should te chief!.' under foreign control. It is not a gooo thing that American merchants and mann fartiirers should . have to send- their goods and letters to South America via Europe if thi-y wish security and dispatch. Kven on the Pacific where our ships have held their own better than on the Atlantic, our merchant flag is now threatened, through the liberal ai- bestowed by other governments on their own steam lines. I ink voir earnest considera tion of the report with which the merchant marine comiuiasion has followed its long ant careful inluiry. ( " ' Jamestown Tercentennial. I again heartily commend to your favor alile consideration -eHe tercentennial celebra tion of tbe settlement at Jamestown, Va. Appreciating the desirability' of this com memoration, the congress passed an act, Msrrh :i. nm.V authorising in the year 1907, m snd near the waters of Hampton Koads, in the state of Virginia, an international nava marine and military celebration in honor of this event. By the authority vested- in me by this act, I have made proclamation l said celebration,' and have issued, in con formity with itat instructions, invitations to all the nations of the esrth .to participate, by sending their naval vessels and such mil nary organisations as . may be practicable. This re!ehra.tion' would fail of its full purpose unlets it were enduring in its results and commensurate with the importance of t ;t event to be celebrated, the event from whic' our nation dates its birth. I earnestly hope that thi celebration, already indorsed l the congress of the I'nited iS tales, and by the legiMatures of sixteen states since the action ! of the congress, will receive such additional aid st your hands m will make it worthy of ,the great event It is intended to celebrate, 'nd thereby enable the government of the I'nited States to make provision for the ex hibition of its own resources, and likewise enable our people who have undertaken the work of such a celebration to provide auitable snd proper entertainment and Instruction in the historic events of our country for all who ratty 'visit the exposition -and to whom we have tendered our. hospitality. . . " ' v Pensions. It is a matter of nnmixed satisfsrtion once mere to call attention to the excellent -work of the pension bjireau ; for tho veteran a of the civil war have a greater claim upon n hsn any ether class of our citisens. To them, first of -all iatnong our people, honor due. , "en years ago! my lamented predecessor. President McICiuley, stated that the time had come for the. nation to care for the graves f the Confederate dead. I recommend that he rongVess take action towards this end. The first need ia to take charge of the graves n1 ke Confederate dead who died in northern Pnon. t . . Immigration. The question of immigration is of vital in terest to this-country. In the year ending ae 30, J 905, there came to the United Mates. 1.026.OOO alien immigrants. In other single year that haa jusl elapsei ere came to this country a greater number people than , came here during the one ondrtd and sixty niDe years of ear cqIobUI life which Intervened between the first land ing at -Jamestown and she-Declaration "of IB dependence, it is clearly shown in the re port ef the rommiasivner general of unmigra tton that while macb of this enormous immi gration. i undoubtedly healthy and natural considerable proportion is undesirable front .me re son or another; moreover, a consider able proportion of it, probabty a very large proportion, including most of the undrsirs' ic ilass, doe not come here of its own initiative, (jut because of tbe acUvity of the agents .he great transpurtaiioo companies. lhee igents are distributed tnrougaout Knrope, nt jy the offer of all kinds of inducements tSe wheedle and cajole many, immigrants, of tec against their Lest interest, to come here. The most serious obstacle we have to encounter in the effort te secure a proper regulation .he immigration to these shores arises front the determined Opposition of the foreig: steamship lines who have no interest what ever ja the matter save so Increase, the te tarns, on their capital by carrying masses immigrants hither in the steerage quarters of. their ships.' 4. ' As I said in mynast asessage to the con g re as. 'we cannot nave too much immigration, of the right sort, and' we should have none whatever of the wrong sort. Of course it it desirable tUaUcven .the right kind of hnmi gratiow should be properly distributed in thu cuuntry. We need more of such immigra ion fo ther sovth ad special effort about oe made to secure it. Perhaps it would bt posatMe to hmit.the niusoear of immigran.s allowed to come in any one ' year to New sork and other northern cities, wnile leavl.. unlimited tbe number allowed to come to th itoutls; always provided,- however, that stricter effort is siaoe to see that only im Uiigrants of the rint kind come to out country anywhere. Jn actual practice it ha: prove, so difficult to enforce the immigralio. u'l where Uina: etretches el frontier-marke y an iusagier . line alone intervene . een us - and our neihuora that I reeom uietid lhat noinuuigrauta be allowed to com in from Canada ana Mexico, save natives l he two countries themselves. As much a: possible should be done to distribute In immigrants upon the . land and keep then way from the congested tenement bous Districts of the great cities. Bat dittriou tion ia a palliative, not a cure. The prm. need is to keep out all immigrants who wi not make good American citizens. The law now existing tor the exclusion of undesiraui immigrants should be strengthened. Ade iiuate means ; .should be adopted, enforce uj sufficient penalties, to compel steamshi companies engsged in the passenger businc to observe in good faith the law which for bids them to encourage or solicit immigr. tion to the United Htates. -' Moreover, tner should ' be a sharp limitation imposed upo ail vessels coming to oar ports as to th' number of immigrants in ratio to the tt nage which each vessel can carry. This rsl. should W high enough to insure the coming huiaer of as good a class of aliena as possible. Provision should be made for the surer pun ishment of those who induce aliens to come to this country under promise or assursnce of employment. It should be rasde possible to indict a sufficiently heavy penalty on an employer violating this law to deter him from lkig the risk. It seems to me wise tas there should - be sn international conference held to deal with this question of immigra tion, which has more than a merely national significance; sich a conference could among otner -things enter at length into the methou for securing a tnt,rough' inspection of would-be immigrants at the ports from which they de sire 10 embark before permitting ttteui tJ embark. ' In dealing with this question it is unwise to .riepa it f rom tho old American tradition so. to discrimi n,Le for or against any man wn desires to come here and become a citizen, S4ve on the grou.:d of that man's fitness fur ci.Uenship. it is our right and duty to con sider his moral and social quality. Ill standard of living should be such thit hi will not. by pressure of competition, lower th xtsndara of living of our own Wage workers; for it must ever be a prime object of our legislation to keep high their standard o living. If the loan who ,eeks to come here is irom the moral and social standpoint such a i-lisriti-ter as to bid fair to. add valu to the community he hould he heartily wel comed. We cannot afford to pay heed U whe.her he is of one creed or another, o. one nation or another. We cannot afford te : Cil. nsider whether be ie Catholic or PrtHeslaji . e or (tentile; whether he It'TCnglishman o J ere Irishman, Frenchman or German. Japanese. Italian, Scandinavian. Slav, or Magyar. Wtia we should desire to find out is trie individua 'l,imy of the individual man. In my judg ment, wi.h this end in view, we shall hir to prepare through nut own agents a to. more rigid in-spectin in the countries froi which the immigrants come. It will be great deal Inciter to have fewer immigrants, t ut all. nf the right kind, than a great nura I er of immigrants, many of whom are neres iiiiy of tbe wrong kind. As far as pnssiPl we wih to limit the immigration to this conn tr and ru veil afford. to insist upon adeqnnte scrutiny of the character of th"a who are thus proposed for future ritixet-ship. There should l.e an increase In the stringet.e of the l.tws to keep out insane, idiotic, epile; tic and panper immigrants. But this is by no means enough Not merely the an arrhist, 1ml every man of anarchistic tend enci-s. all violent snd disorderly peo, j'eople of had character, the Incompetent, tb lazy, the vicious, jtnv physically unlit, defee tive. or degenerate should be kept out. 'I h storks out of which American citixenship i to be built should be strong snd bealih snnnd in body, trind snd character. If it Ir objected that the government agents' wou not always select well, the answer is th they would ' certainly select better than d tne agcnts and brokers of foreign steamshi compsnies, tbe people who now do whatever selection is done. J. ' The questions srising in connection with Chinese immigration stand by themselves. The conditions in China are such that tbe entire Chinese coolie rlaa, that ia, the rU of Chinese laborers, skilled and unskilled, legitimately : come . under the head. of unde sirable immigrants to this country, because of their numbers, the low wages for which tney work, and their low standard of living. Not only is it to the interest of this country to keep them out, but tbe Chinese authorities do not deiire that they should be admi.teu. At present their entrance ia prohibited ly laws amply adequate to accomplish this pur pose, i These laws hsre been, sre being, and will be, thoroughly? enforced. The violations of them are . so lew in number as to be in finitesimal and can be entirely disregarded. There I is no serious proposal to al;er the immigration law as regards the fhinese lau orer, skilled or unskilled, and there is no excuse for any man feeling or affecting to feel the slightest alarm on the subject. But in tbe effort to carry out the policy of excluding Chinese laborers, Chinese coolies, grave injustice snd wrong havebeen done by thia nation to the. people ef ChiAa, and there fore ultimately to thia nation itsM. Chinese students, business snd professional men of sll kinds not only merchant, but beakers, doctors, manufacturer, profeasors, travelers, snd the, liket should be encouraged to"Pme here and treated on precisely the same foot ing that we treat students, business men, travelers, and the like of olher-nations. Our laws and treaties should be framed, not so s to put thea people in the excepted classes, but to st that we will admit alt Chinese, a.rept Chiaese of the coolie class, Chinese skilled or unskilled laborers. There would not be the . Ieat danger that any snrh pro vision would result in any relaxation of the law about laborers. These will, under all conditions, be kept out absolutely. But it will be more easy to see thst both justij-e and courtesy sre shown, as they ought to be shown, to ether Chinese, if the lew or treaty is framed as above anggested. Examinations should be completed at the port of departure from China. For this purpose there should I e provided a more adequate consular ervice in China than w now have. ' The appropriations, both for the offices of the consuls and for the office forces in the consulates, should be increased, f . . : "' , . As a peeple we have talked much of the open doors in China, nd we expect, snd quite rightSy intend to insist upon, juatire being shown ns by the Chinese. But we can not expect to receive equity unless we do equitv. .We cannot aak the Chinese to do to us what we are unwilling to do to. them. They would hre n perfect right ta exclude our laboring men if our laboring men threat ened to come into their country in uch numbers, as. to jeopardise the well-being of the Chinese population; nid s. mutatis mu tandis, these were the Condition with which Chinese Immigration nctuaUy brought , this people fsce to f ce. we hd have perfect right, which the Chinese government in no way contest, to - act as we have acted ' in the matter-f reatricting coolie immigration. That this right exist for each country was explicitly acknowledged in the Ust trenty between the two countries. But, w nmt treat the Chinese etedeot, traveler and bui nesa zuan la a spirit . of the broadest Justice and courtesy if we expect similar treatment to be nccorded to onr own people ef similar SAGE ESS tank who go to China.' - Must trouble has come during the past, summer from the or ganized boycott against American goods which has been started in Chins. ' The main factor in producing this boycott has been the re sentment teit by-the students and business people of China, by all the Chinese leaders, against1 the harshness of our law toward edu cated Chinamen of the professional and busi ness classes. - -? -; . - . . .This government has the friendliest feel ing for China and desires China 'a well be ing. We cordially sympathise with the an nounced purpose of Japan to stand for the integrity of China. Buck an attitude tends te the peace of the World. 1 - i 1 ft ' " Civil Berrien, -The civil servfce: law has been on the statute books for twenty-two years. Every president and a vast majority ef heads of iepartmeats who have been in office during nat period nave favored a graCoa: extension f tne merit system. The more - thoroughly ita principles nave been understood. - the greater,, ha -been , the favor with which the 4 ha been regarded by administrative on cers. Any attempt to carry en the great executive departments of the government rithont this la w would inevitably result in .-haos. The civil service commissioner are ioing excellent work; anff their compensation i inadequate considering the service they perform. The statement . that the examination are tot practical in character is based on- a nisapprehensiam of the practice of the com nission. 1 he departments are invariably -onsulted as te the requirement desired and s to the character of questions that shall be sked. General invitations ars frequently ent out to all head ef departments asking bet her any changes in the scope- or char- cter of examinations are required- la o:aer rords, nhg, departments prescribe the re- uireinenrs and the qualifications desired, and ; he civil serrice eotamisaion co-operates with : lien in tnrtne twrisna with lfeu onalill. I -afiftans mnA iBtnrinp amn snji imnavlial eom. tit ion. In a large number of examinations as, for exsmple, those for trades positions) here are no educational requirement wht - vet. and a person who ran neither read nor rite may. pass with a high average. Vaean . ies in the service sre filled with reasonable (edition and the machinery of the commia ion. which reaches every part of the country, s the best agency that has yet been devised o finding people with- the most suitable salification for the various offices to be ' ed. . Written competitive examinations do t make an ideal method for filling posi ions, but they do represent an immeasurable dvanee upon the "spoils" method, under hirh outside politicians really make tbe mnintments nominally .made by the execu i nmeers. ho appuiiafee being chosen by the politicians in question. In the great ma jority of cases, for reasons totally uncon nected with the needs of the 'service or of the public. ' Statistics gathered by tbe census buresn show that tbe tenure of office in the gov ernment service does not differ .materially from that enjoyed by employes of large busi ness corporations. Heads of executive de partment and members of the commission hare railed my attention to the fact that the rule requiring: a filing of charges and three dys' netice i before an . employe could be separated from the service for inefficiency has served no good purpose whatever, because Inat is not matter upon which a bearing of lh employe found - to be inefficient can be.of any value, and in practie the rule pro viding for such notice and. hearing has merely resul:cd in keeping in a certain number of incompetents, because of the reluct tnce ei heads of departments and " buresi chiefs to H through the required procedure. Kxeperi enre has shown thst this rule is wholly In effective to save any man, if a superior for improper reasons wishes to remove him, .ana is miMchievous because it sometime serves io keep ia the service incompetent men not guilty of specific wrong-doing. Having these facts in view, the rule hss been amended by providing that where the inefficiency or- in capacity come within the personal knowledge of the head of a department the removal may be made without . notice, tbe reasons therefor being filed snd made record of the icpartmenf. T he absolute right of removal -cats where Jt always, has. rested, with the tiead of a department; any limitation of tbi.i ibsolute right results in grave injury to he public service. The chanc is merely one A procedure; it wss much needed; and it Is producing good results. The civil service law 4s being energetically md impartially enforced, and in - the large najority of rases complaints of violations l either the law or rules are discovered to be unfounded. In this - respect, this law com pares very favorably wiih any other federal statute. The question of politics in the ap pointment and retention of the men engage in merely ministerial- work has been prac tically eliminated in almost the entire field o government employment covered by the civi' tervice law. Tbe action of the congress in providing the" commission with its own force uistsad of requiring it to rely on detailed clerks has been justified by tbe increased work done at a smaller cost to the govern ment. I urge upon the congress a careful consideration of the recommendations con tained in the annual report of th commission. Copyright Laws. Our copyright Krws urgently need revision. They sre imperfect in definition, eonfusoo and inconsistent in expression; they on.it provision for many articles wbtch, under modern reproductive processes, are entitle to protection; they impose hardships upon the copyright proprietor which are not es sential to the fsir protection oi tne puouc; they are didicult for the courts to interpret and impossible 'for the copyright office to administer with satisfaction to the publie. Attempts to improve them by amendment have, been frequent, no less than twelve arts for the purpose having been passed since the Revised Statutes, To perfect them by fur ther amendment seejns impracticable, A complete revision of them ia essential. Such a "revision, to meet modern conditions, hss been found necessary in- Germany, Austria, Hweden snd other foreign countries, and bills embodying it are pending in England and the Australian colonies. It has been urged here, and proposals for n commission to undertake it hsre. from time to time, been pre s sea upon the congress. The inconveniences of the present conditions being so great, nn at tempt to frame pproprist : legislation has l.een made by the copyright office, which hss called conferences of the various interests especially snd practically concerned with the operation of the copyright laws. It hss secured from them suggestions as to the The law has not operated as smoothly as was changes necessary; it has added from its hoped, and although its principle is undonbt own experience and investigations, and l edly correct, it may need amendment for the has drafted a bill which embodies such of these change and additions as, after full discussion and expert criticism, appeared to m..n, nH safe. In form thia bill woulo replsce the existing Insufficient and incon- sistent lsws by one general copyright statute, It will be presented to the congress nt ffce coming session. It deserves prom pi consia eration. ' " . si,-,i r t-mAm AdnltersUsa or roods. I recommend thst s law be enseted to regulate interstate commerce in misbranded nnd sdultersted v.fo4ds. drinks and 'druzs. Much law'wonld protect legitimate manufac tore and. commerce, and would tena to secure the health and welfare .of. tbe consuming publie. TralBc. in foodstuffs which have been debased or-adulters te'd so ss (o injure health or to deceive purchasers should be forbidden. ' Smok XiSW. ' The lw forbidding the emission of dense black er gray amok in the city f Wash ington has bee snstsined by the conn, suiasihis haa been aeeouolished under , i. . . ft. . 2 . ft- - if 'ftM ftft-Ssljl pre th7T.pTt7 Wy" f rom" M scemJ-t r the smoke nuissnc. Repeated prosecn "A reXrnd-'-sri't m m"re effect. I reeomnsenn ws i no ami hm, hnih iss tainftnnm violations oi tn tn. . : ' -'' Knilonal Paths. ? ; . I call your uttention to th generous set of the state of Cslifomi In eonfemng upon the United States government the ownership of th Yosemite vHey nd the at sripos big Tree grove. There should be no delay -in- accenting the gift, and appropriaiio'ns sbontd be made for- the including thereof in the Yosemite aUonl Ir, and for the rare and poticeing of the rk. 0slifomU has acted moat wisely aa well aa with great -. k. .,.! ',-r There are nr- tain mightr - 'natural (Hism of . our land shirk should be preserved in perpetuity lor sivingeo. , lent municipalities. Negotiations snd hear- and b,d,nf0 for thT settlement of th smosst due onment in JiJZ-tn t Catholio rhurch for rent nnd tTe "conua.tn ? tb'e U..s. n, occupw.ion of chnrcbe. an rctorie. bythe w'hVr.U persis offender. .-T-i t,. 'SZSZSm our children and our children's children. In my judgment the Irrand Canyon f 4ha Col sr Sdo should bo made iate a national park. It is greatly to be wished that the state ef Sew York should -copy as regard Niagara what the atate of California kas done as regard the YoaeanHe. . Nothing alueald be allowed to interfere wih the preserratiom ef NUgara Ps)la in all their beauty and nut Jesty. - If the- state cannot see to this ' then it is earnestly to be wished that she should be willing to turn ft ever to tbe national government, which should 1 such ess (if possible, in conjunction with the Canadian government) asum the burden and resposr siDiuiy on preserving nn banned NUgarn Falls; just a it should gladly assume a similar burden and responsibility for; the soaemiie national i'srk, and a it ail sl eady assumed them for the Yellowstone Na tional Park. Adequate provision, should be made by the eoagresa for the proper earn and supervision ef all. tUeae national park. The boundaries ef the Yellowstone National Park should be 1 extended to the south and -esst to take in such portions of the abutting forest reservation as will enable an govern ment to protect the elk on their winter range Tbe meat characteristic animal of the wesf ern plains wss the great sfcaggytmnned arinf ox. ine oison, commonly xaown as our a to. Small fragment of nerds exist tn a domes ticated atate here and there, n.few of them in the Yellowstone Park. Such a herd as that en the Flathead- Reservation should not be allowed to go ent of existence. Either on some; reservation or on some - forest re serve like! the Wichita reserve audi game refuge provision should be nude for , the preservation of such n bard . I believe that the scheme, would be of eeunoorie ndrantagn, for the robe of the buffalo is of high market value, and! the same is true ef the rob of the crossbred snimais. '-r- -'i.'- -i , :.- , , . Uro-Saving: 8TVle.- j ' ' j j I call your especial 'attention' to the desir ability of giving to the members of the life saving service pensions ssch as are given to firemen and policemen in all our great cities. The men in the life-saving service continually and In the moat matter of fact way do deeds such as mike Americans proud nf their coun try. They have no political influence; snd they live j in such remote places that the really heroic services they continually render receive the scantiest recognition - from the public. It Is unjust for a great nation like this to permit these men to become totally dissbled or to meet death In the performance of their hazardous duty and yet tn give them no sort of reward. If ne of them serves thirty year of his life in such n position he should surely be entitled to retire on half psy. a a fireman or policeman does, and if he becomes totally incapacitated through ac cident or sickness or lose hi health in the discharge of his duty he or his family should receive ' pension just as any soldier ahould. I call yourj attention with especial earnestness te this matter because it appeal not only to . our judgment but to our sympathy; for the people on w h.-se behslf I ask it are com paratively Ifew ia number, render incalculable serrice of a particularly dsngerou kind, aad nsve no one to speag tor them. - Indian. ' . V Tneir V jtr just past, the phase of (be Indigo t,aestion which' hss been moat sharply brought to publie attention is the larger legal significance - of the Indian's in duction insjo citizenship. 'Thi has made.itsetf manifest not only in n great socess of, litiga tion in which the citizen Indian figures as party defendant and in a more widespread disposition: to - levy local taxation upon bis personalty,! but itv a decision of the United Stales Supreme Court which struck sway the main propj on which has hitherto rested the government's benevolent effort to protect him sgainst the! evim of intemperance. The court holds, in effect, that whenan Indian becomes, by virtue jnf an allotment of land to him, a citizen of jthe state in which' hia land is sit uated, he jpa&ses from under federal control in such matters as this, and the acta of the congress prohibiting the sale or gift to him of intoxicants become substantially' inopera tive. It is gratifying to note that the states snd municipajuies of th West which hare most at sike in the welfare of the Indian are taking up this subject and are trying to supply, in measure at least, the abdication of ita trusteeship forced upon the federal government. Nevertheless, I - would urgently press npan the attention of the eongresa the question whether some amendment of the internal-revenue Maws might not be of aid' in prosecuting those malefactors, known in the Indian country as "bootleggers," who are engaged fat once in defrauding the United States treasury of taxes and, what is far more, important. , in debauching the Indians by carrying liquors , illicitly into territory still completely under federal jurisdiction. A mon st the e r v i nir nroont timAm si th. Indfms Tire more-day schools situated in the ; midst of their settlements, more effective instruction -in the '.industries pnrsned on their own farms, and. a more lines-al extension of the field-matron service, which means the education of the Indian -women in the arts of home making. Until the mother are well started, in the right direction we cannot rea sonably expert much from the children, who are soon , to form an Integra part of onr American citizenship. Moreover, the excuse continually advanced by male adult Indiana for refusing offers of remunerative employ ment at a distance from their homes is that they, dare not leave tnefr families too' long out of their sigh,u One effectual remedy for this stsfe -of things is to employ the minds and strengthen the moral fiber of the Indian women t-the end to which . the work of the field matron is especially directed. I trust thst the congTess will make it appropriations for Indian day schools and field matrons as generous! as may consist .with the other press ing demands upon its providence. Th Philippines. I luring the last year the Philippine Islands have been slowly recovering from the serious disaster which, since American - occupation, have greatly reduced the amount oi agricul tural products below what was produced in ftpsnish j times. The wsr, ,the rinderpest, the locusts, the drought, and the cholera hsfre been united a causes to prevent return j of the prosperity much needed in the islands, 1 The most serious is the' destruction by the ' rinderpest of more than 75 per cent of the draft cattle, because it will take several years of breeding to restore the necessary number of these indispensable ' aid te agri culture.! The commission attempted to supply by purchase from adjoining countries the needed cattle, but (he experiments msde were unsuccessful. Most of the -rattle imported were, nnable to wllkstaad tit rhssss n J dims t and the rie-ora of the voyage nnd 'died from other diseases than rinderpest The income of the I'hilippine government has necessarily been " reduced by res son of the -business and agricultural depression in tbe islands, and the - government ha been obliged! to exercise great economy to ent down Its expenses, to reduce salaries, and in every way to avoid a deficit: . It has adopted an internal revenue law, imposing laxea on cigars. cigarettes and distilled liquors, -nnd abolishing the old gpaoiah industrial taxes. . purpose of reconciling the people te its pro I viaionsj The income derived frosn U. haa partly made up for the reduction in. ens torn revenue. t Therit has been a marked Increase In the number of Filipinos employed in the civil servicej and a corresponding decrees in the . numoev oi Americans. s snu government in I every one of its department has been rend- ' eTed more efficient by elimination' nf unde- airablei material snd the promotion of deserr iag lrmau. ..- i impr0eiaenta of , harbors, roads, snd brig-, continue, although 'the rntting down Dr h jrcv.nue frblda the expenditure irC soy Amount from current Inoowm for these purposes. Steps are being tskmn. by bd vertitement for competitive, bid, to secure the construction and maintenance of 1,000 miles f railway by private corporations un der the recent enabling legislation - ef the congress- The transfer ef tbe friar lands, in accordance with- the contract made sons two years ago. has been eomnletely effected, and the pnrrhsse money, pidN Provision hss just- neen inaae ny statute tor u speay -""J- , j supreme court of eontrrwriiei ,r t pos ! reorie.Vrls.n'g'een.s-e3 R.u , . . , . .,Ki....iir. -Lin.;... ..el. i - - I Trsnsqnillity has esisted during Ih. past j year throughout the Archipelago, escept i the province of 0Tie. the provihenjnf bay tangaa, and the province of amsr. snd I tn the island of tlohs sssoug the Uor. - The Jolo distnrbancn wss put sn end to by several sharp -nd short engagements end now peace .prevails in the Mors provine. Cavil, th mother of Udrone isr th Spanish time is so permested with tb traditional sympathy of the peeple for ladnmisai as to make it difficult t stamp out the disease. Ratsarst ws onlr disturbed by res sow or the fagitiv Udrone frwn Cavite. f Saahar wss thrown into elit urbane- ny in mneu 1 . t cna I RUT anraaraao . -.-. - t rated aad partly . sarsge peoples living In th mountains, who, having been given! by th municipal cod teern power than they were able to exercise discreetly, elected muni cipal officer who nbnaed their, trusts, im pelled the peeple raising hemp 4 sell it st s much leas price than it waa worth, nnd by their abuses drove their people inu" reit ane to constituted authority. Cavite jd Bamar are instance ef reposing ton mtrcat j confidence in the self governing power of a people. - The disturb aces bare all now been suppressed, .and it- is hoped that with these lesson local government can be formed which will secure- quiet and. peace to the deserving inhabitant. Th incident! 1 another proof of th fact that if there hss been nny error as regard giving self govera ntst in the Philippine It has been in the direction of giving it to quickly, not too lowly. A. year from next - April th first legislative assembly . for the islands will be held. On the sanity nnd self-restraint of this body much will depend so far a the future self government ef the islands is concerned. The most encouraging feature of the whole situation ha, been the very, groat interest taken by th eosnsos people in education and the great increase ia tbe number ef en rolled students in the public schools. The increase was from 30O.0O0 tn half s million pupils. The average attendance is about 70 per cent. The only limit upon the number ef pupH eem - to be the capacity nf ' the government , to famish teacher snd school houses. - i; :.'. Thn agricultural condition of th islands enforce more strongly than eve the ergument in -fever of reducing the tariff em the product of th Philippine Island entering th United States. I earnestly , recommend that the tariff now imposed by the tHngtey bill upon the products ef . the Philippine Islands be entirely removed, except th tariff n sugar and tobacco, and that that tariff bn reduced to 25 per cent ef the present rates under the Dingier set; that after July . i. 109. th tariff upon tobacco asd 'sugar produced in the Philippine Islands be entirely rwmeved. snd that free trade between the islands snd th United State in th -products ef each country then be provided' by law. , ; , A statnj In force, enseted April 15, 1904, suspends the operation of th coastwise laws of the United States upon th trade between th Philippine Islands and 4 he United Htates nntil July 1, 196- I earnestly recommend that thi suspension be postponed nntil July 1. 1909. I think it ef doubtful utility to spply the coastwise laws to the trade! be tween the United States snd the Philippine under any circumstances, because I am con vinced that it will do no good whatever to American bottoms, and will only interfere and be an obstacle te the trad between the Philippines and the United States ; but if the coastwise law must "be thus applied, certainly it ought not to have effect until free trade is enjoyed between the people of the United State and the ..-people nf , the Philipptn Islands in their respective pro dnct. !.'::. -'. .- ..-. - I do not snticipsi that free trade between the island nnd th United State will 1 pro duce n revolution in the sugar and tobacco production of .the. Philippine Islands, i -So primitive are the methods of agriculture in the Philippine Islands, so slow i capital in going to the islands, so many difficulties sur round n large agricultural enterprise in! the islands, that it will be many, many years before the products of those islands will have any effect whatever upon tbe. markets of. the United Klates. Th nrohlem of labor is s!o s formidable one with the sugar and tobaeeo producers in the islsnds. 1 be best friends of the Filipino people and tho people, them selves sre utterly opposed te the admission of Chinese coolie lsbor. Hence the only solution is the training of. Filipino labor, and this wilt take s long time. Th enactment of a law by the congress of the United States'1 making provision for free trade between the , islands and tbe United States, however, will be of great importance- from a political and sentimental standpoint; and while its actual benefit .has donbtless been exaggerated; by ; the people of the islands, they will accept this measure of justice as an indicstion that the people of the United States are anxious to aid the people of the Philippine Islands in every way sod especially in the agricul tural development of their Archipelago. It will aid the Filipinos without injuring inter ests in . America. ., , , I i Hawsil. -. ';; ,. Inmy judgment immediate steps should be taken for the fortification of Hawaii. This is the .most important point in tbe Phci&e to fortify in order to conserve the interests of this country. It would be hard to over state the importance of this need. Hawaii is too heavily taxed. 'Laws should be enacted setting aside for a period of, say, twenty years 75 per rent of the interns! revenue and customs receipts from Hswsil as special fund to be expended in the islands for edu cations! and publie buildings, snd for hsrbor hnpro rements and military and naval de fenses. It cannot be too often repeated that onr aim must be to develop the territory of Hawaii on traditional American lines. That territory has serious commercis! snd indus trial problems to reckon with : but no meas ure of relief ran lie considered which looks to legislation admitting Chinese and restrict ing them by statute to field labor snd do mestic service. The status ef servility can never again lim tolerated on American j soil. We cannot concede that the proper solution of its problems is special legislation admit ting to Hawaii a class of laborers denied admission to the other states and territories. There are obstacles, snd great obstacles, in tbe way of building up a representative American community in the Hawaiian Isl ands; but it is not. in the Ame.-ican character to give np in the fare of difficulty. Many an American commonwealth has-been built up against odds equal to those- that now con front Hawaii. No merely half-hearted effort to meet it problem as other American communities have met theirs csn Ire accepted sa final, llswsii shall never becomw a territory in which a governing class of rich planters exists by mean of coolie labor. I Even if the rate of growth of the territory is thereby rendered slower, the growth must only take place by the admission of immigrants fit in the end te assume the duties and burdens of, full American citixenship. Our aim must be t develop the territory on the same basis of stable citixenship aa exists on this continent. " - Torto aics. f - I earnestly advocate th adoption of leg islation which will explicitly confer American citixenship on all eitiiens of Porto Kieo. There is, in' my judgment, no excuse for fiil nre to do this. The hsrbor of Sn Jnn should be dredged and improved. Tbe ex penses of the federal court of Porto Rico should be met from tbe federal treasury, and not from the Porto Riean treasury. The elections in Porto Kico should take place evry four years, and th legislature should meet in session every two years. The present form of government in Porto Kieo, which provide for the appointment by the . president of the member of the executive council er upper house of the legislature, has proved satis factory snd has inspired eenndenee m pmp- terlr owners and investors. I do not deem it advisable at the present time to trhsnge t.s form in anv material feature. Th prob lems and needs of th island are industrial and commercial rather than political. Insula Affairs la OeneraV. I wish- also to call th attention of the congress to one question which affect our insular possessions generally; namely, the need of an increased liberality 'fa the! treat ment of the whole franchise question in these Islands. In the proper desire to prevent the islands being exploited by sperulsters and to have them develop in the interest of their own people an error baa been made in refus ing Ui grant sufficiently libers I terms to in due -the investment of American capital in the 'Philippines and in Porto Rico. Else where in this message I have spoken strongly gainst the jealowsy of mere wearta, and especially of corporate wealth aa such. But it is , particularly regrettable te allow any such jelmsy to be developed when we re dealing either with onr insular or with for eign affairs. The big corporation haa achieved its' present position in. the bo sin ess world simply becsase it i the most effective instrument in business competition. - In for eign affairs we - cannot afford . to put onr people at a disadvantage with their com petitors by in any way discriminating against the efficiency nf ear business organisations. In the same way we" can not afford to allow onr insular possessions -te lag behind in in dastril . development from any twisted jeal ousy of business success. - It is. of coarse, n mere truism to say thst the business interest! of the. inrands will oner be developed if it be come, the Snnrial interest of somebody to develop them. Yet this development ; is rat nf thr thing tnt earnestly to b wished for in the. interest of th inland themselves. We bwra been paying .all possible heed to th - CIT.IS r.'UIE ALL ELSE FAILS Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good. Us la 'time. .Sold by drucrista. In ls?MN)7,.r..TTw1 vGreaki' Stock Goods. ' V -. .V ', " : ' $3.75 Silk skirts sale price $1-00 Onting Flannel gowns 50c a yard Wool Flau nel $2 00 Cmibrts - - - - - - - - - - $3.75 Blankets.---- - 40c Umbrwllas w - 50c a yd (hmere. $2.75 Pants. $4.75 Silk Waists. $2.00 Black Skirts SiHfllandkercbiefs Sale at Cost this week. China Ware all kinds Chap Sale. . . 346 Court St., Dy Alley, S3lein, Or. pvlitieal snd educational interests of th lands, but, important thought these objects are, it ia not Ies important that w should favor .'their industrial development. . Th government can : in certain ways help thia directly, as by building good rosds; but th fnndsmentat snd vital help must b given through the 'development f th Industries of the islands. , and s most efficient means to this 'end is t eneosrag big American corporations to start Industrie in them and this mean to. make it advantageous for them to do so. To limit the ownership ef mining claims ss has been don In thn Philippines is sbsurd. In both the Philippine snd Porto Rico the limit of holdings of land should be largely raised. I earnestly ash that Alaska b given sn elective delegate. Some person should be chosen who can apeak with authority of the needs of the territory. The government should aid in the construction of railroad from the Gulf of Alaska to the Yukon river, in American territory. In, my hist two mes ssges I advocated certain additional action on behalf of Alaska. I shall not now report tho recommendation, but I shall lay all my stress upon tbe one recommendation of giving to Alsska some one suthorised to speak for iu I should prefer that ; the delegate wss made elective, but if this is not deemed wise then make' him appointive. At any rat, give Alaska soma person wnose business it snail be to speak with authority on her behalf te the congress. The natural resources of Alas ka are great. Some nf the chief needs of the peculiarly energetic self reliant and typi- Lcally American white Deputation of Alaska were set forth in my last message. X also earnestly ask your attention to th needs ol tbe Alaskan Indians. ' All Indians wh sre competent ahould receive the full rights ol .American citixenship. It is, for instance, gross and indefensible wrong to deny to such hard-working, decent-living Indians as tne Metlakahtlas the right to obtain license as captains, pilots snd engineers, tbe right to enter mining claims, snd to 'profit by the homestead lass. These particular Indians sre civilised, snd are competent- snd entitled to be put on the sa me basis with the rhite men round about them. Admission t Statehood. I recommend that Indian Territory nnd Oklahoma be admitted aa one state and' that New Mexico and Arisona be admitted as on state. There is no obligstion upon ns to treat territorial subdivisions, which are mat ters of convenience only, a binding us on the question ef admission to shatehood. Nothing hss taken up more time in the congress dur ing the past few ers than the question as te the statehood to be granted to the four 'territories above mentioned, and after careful consideration of all that has been developed in the discussions of the question I recom mend thst. they be immedistely admitted as two ststes.- There 1 n justification for -further delay; and the 'advisability of making the four territories into two states has been clearly established. In some of the territories the legislative assemblies issue lieensea for gambling. The congress should by law forbid this practice, the harmful results of which are obvious at s glance. . i . Th Panama Canal..' : The treaty between the United States and the Republic of Panama, w.ent into effect with ita . ratification by the United States senster on Februsry 23, 1904. ' The rsnal properties of the French Canal Company were transferred to tbe United State on April 23, 1404, on payment of S40.000.000 to that company. On April 1, 1905, the commission waa reorganised, and it now consists of Theo dore P. Shonts, chairman, Charles K. Ma goon, Benjamin M. Harrod, : Rear Admiral M ordeca i T. Endieott. Brig. Gen. Peter C. Haina, and CoL Oswald 11. Ernst. John F. Stevens was" sppointed chief engineer on July 1 last. Active work in canal construc tion, mainly preparatory, has been in progress for Ies than n year and s half. Iuring that period two points about the canal have ceased to be open to debate. First, the ques tion of rout ; the canal will be built on the Istbmns of Panama. Second, the question of fessibility; there sre no physical obstacle on thi rout thst American engineering skill will not b able to overcome without serious difficulty, or that will prevent the completion of the canal within a reasonable time aad st a reasonsbl cost. Thi 1' virtually the unanimous testimony of the .engineers who have investigated the matter lor the govern ment, i The point which remains unsettled is th question of type, whether th rsnal shall be on of several locks above sea level, or st sea level with a single tide lock. On this point I hope to lay before the congress at an early day the finding of tbe advisory board of American and European engineer, thst st my invitation hsv been considering th sub ject, together with the report of tbe com mission thereon; and such comments thereon or recommendations in reference thereto as may seera necessary. The American people Is pledged to the speediest possible construction f a rsnal adequate to meet the demand which the com merce of the-world' will make upon it. and I appeal meat earnestly tq the eongre. to aid IB ,oe fulfillment of th pledge. Gratifying progress has been made during th past year nd especially during the post four months. Th greater part of the necessary preliminary work has been dene. Actual work of eseeva tion could bob began only on a limited scale until tbe canal son was made a healthful place to live in and to work In. Th isthmus had to be sanitated first. This task haa been so thoroughly accomplished that yellow fever ha been virtually extirpated from the isth mus and general health conditions vastly im proved. The ssm methods which converted the island of Cuba from a pest hole, which mensced the health j of the world, into a healthful place of abode, have been applied on the isthmns with" satisfactory results. There is no reason to doubt that when the plans for water supply, paving, and aewer age of Panama and- Colon and tbe large labor rampa have been fully carried out, th isthmns wftt be. for the tropics, an unusually healthy place of abode. The work is so far advanced . now that th health of all those employed in canal work I ss well guarded as it is on similar work in Ibis country and elsewhere.-' :-.' I addition to sanitating th isthmnr. Batik- factory usrter are being provided for em ploye and ss adequate aystem of supplying them with wholesome food . at , reasonable price a has been created. Iieoita!s have been established aad equipped that sre without superiors or tbeir kind anywhere. Th cow try nas tan been sonde fit tn work in. snd provision ha been mad for tbe welfare and comfort of those who are to do tbe work. Inuring the post year n large portion of tbe plant with which th work ia to be done has been ordered. It is confidently believed that by the middle nf the approaching, yesr s sufficient proportion of thia plant wilt have been installed to enable ua to resume the work ef excavation on n large scale. .What is needed now and without delay is an uppropristion by the congress to meet the current snd secruisg expenses of th com' mission. The first appropriation f-$10.OOn,. ooo. out of the S135,00J,(KM authorised by the Bpooner net. was made three year ago. It ia nearly exhausted. There ia barely enosgh of it remaining t carry th com mis sion to the end of th yesr. Unless th congress shall appropriate before that time all work must cess. Te arrest progress fog say length f time now, when matters are ' - : - - - . BlU SolIc. U. -- I G.75 ; . - - iQa $2.75 1 - A Mew Line of 1 -Fancy Stationery Has just nrrive.l. anJ has been pricel very low. Many of the designs am unique.'' ... - Our line of rubber rood, perfumes, soars and toilet articles is complete, and we have a full list of prescript ioo supplies. - . . In fact, our entire toek Is now. We have not a hop worn article in the place. ' We will be glad to have yon call. THE BHD CROSS PIIABMACY, ' Jerman Jt Ward, Proprietors. Corner of State and Commercial Streets Undersell Dr. Stone's Drug Store Will undersell ny CUT RATE price Advertised by any druggist in the Daily or Weekly Statesman. This ap plies to . all medicines, toilet articles, liquors, prescriptions or nny thin ft ordi narily carried by drug stores. This is s standing proposition, DR. C. GEE V0 GREAT CHINESE D0GT02 Formerly located st SSS Alder Street, Cor ner of Third Street, , HAS MOVED o. S V a .! nV.efta "flng t . . Cor. of pitsl .. U hvi I I., m VIM w.w, Entrnci 103 f-3 FIRST OTRCCT . O. One Wo, the Great Chinese Doctor, is well known and famous throughout th4 U. 8. because his won derful and marvelous cures hare been heralded broadcast throughout the length and breadth of this country, lie treats any and all diseases with powerful Chinese roots, herbs, buds, barks and vegetables that are entirely unknown to medical science ia this eountry, and hrough tbe use of these harmless rem0die, lie guarantees te cure catarrh, asthma, - lung troubles, advancing so aatisfactorily, would be deplor able. There will b no money with which to meet pay-roll obligation snd bobs with which to meet bills coming du for material and supplies; and there will b detnoratis tion of th forces, here sn a ui istnmus. now working so harmoniously snd effectively, if there is delay in granting aa Tnrgnry appropriation. . Estimates of th amount necessary will be found in th seeompnnying report of th secretary of. war snd th eons missioa. The rprtmnt er ntat. I recommend more adequate provision than has beenmsde heretofore for th work of th department of state.- Within a few year there hss been a very greet incress In th mount nnd importance of th work to b don by that department, both in Washing ton nnd abroad. Tbta ha neen causae ny tn great increase ef our foreign trad, tbe in creese of wealth among our people, which ts able them to travel more generally than her-! tofor th incress ol American capital which is aeeking investment in foreign countries, snd the growth of our power and weight in tne counciia oi am civiusea wo no. i nere has been no corresponding incress of f s- cilitie for doing th work afforded to the department having charge of onr foreign re lations. Neither st home nor abroad I there n . sufficient working fore to do th business j properly, f many respect the system which ! waa sdeqnat to th work of twenty-nve, or i even ten, years sgo. Is inadequate now, snd should be changed. - Our consular fore ' should, b classified, and sppointment should be mad to th several classes, with author- ity to the executive to assign th members of each class to duty at auch post as th inter est of th service require, Instesd of the sppointments being mnd n t present te specified post. There should b sn adequat inspection -service, so that tn eepartment may be able to inform Itself how th business of esrh consulate is being dons, instead nf depending upon casual private information or rumor.' Tbe fe system should be entirely abolished, and du equivalent made, in salary to the officers who. now ek out tbeir subsistence by mesas ef fee. Kafficient ? revision should b msde for clerical ' force n every consulate, composed entirely of Americans, instead f th insufficient pro vision now soada, whichj compels the employ ment of great numbers of citizens of foreign countries whose services csn be obtained for ... less money. At large part f nr consu lates th office qusrters snd th clerical fore are inadequate t the performaae of th neron duties imposed by the recent pro visions of our immigration laws as well a by our increasing trade. In many parts of the world tbe lack of suitable qusrters for our embassies, legations, snd eonsulatea de tracts from th respect in which onr ITt'ers ought to be held, and seriously impairs their weight and influence. Suitable prcrUiosi should be saad for tho expense of keeping our diplomatic officers more fjlly informed of whtt is being done from dsy "to day in th progress ef our diplomatic affairs with other countries, -lb lack of . such information, caused by inmf cient p propria tion a available for cable tolls and for clerical -and messenger service, fre quently puts our officers st s great disad vantage snd detracts rom their usefulness. The salary list should b readjusted It des not now correspond either to the importance of the j service to b rendered and tba degree of alnlity and experience required ia the different positions, to the differences in the cost of living. In many esses th sslariea sre quit jndeqnst. THEODORE ROOSETELT. The White House, December 5, 1905. . - SOc - .$1.75 - $3.50 i $1.25 I T T A