Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1898-1899 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 24, 1899)
OREGON - STATESMAN. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 241899. OWE 1OTDBED WARS. 1 . .1 . 1 1 " ! J 1 ? Great and Small "Difficulties" Interesting the I j : Representative CoodiM, bf In tbei house United States ..... . . . . , -a w ft rLA- VU MrnMt -h In wj house last W T , 7 " week on the army re-rgalatlon bill, j isw Croo rney expedition. Utah, presented a. statement of the tactual ...w t tiv is i860. $ event of aervloe In which our regular ; ! a ttatk naon .and murder of army hu been Involved ffVwn the he- Bj4TniD.tB- Ay Bannock Indiana. Solo glnnJng of the' revolution o 1775 totha on j.ork snake river, Idaho, Septem w wRh fiwln. nomberinr to ill M w n m t 5 even hundred, aa follow: I - : " j , ma. lMl Navajo expedition. ' New J 1775-1783 War of the revolution, Mexloo September 13. I860, to; Febru Aprll 19. 177$. ito April 11. 13. faryl4.18l. I 1782-1787 Wyoming vuJ&y disturb-. iulima-Imm Indim war ( and ance. Pennsylvania, i . . : trouble la ArUona and New Mexico. I7SS-1787 ebay rebemon. Sim.lMf-War of the rebellion, April chusett. , ! ' 19. 18 to Augnist 186. Actual hoa- 1790-1795 War with Northwest Indl- tmtles. however commenced upon the ana. Miami, Wyandot. I Delaware. rlnz on Fort Sumter April 12. 1881, - - - - n i I I 1 iiinMii . . . . . . - - Mi M miHuviiiiiai DutiKj ana If IP n oy uie 179 to Au to and Ottawa. September, goat, 1795. ' " 1791-17fH Whisky inattieotloa Pennsylvania., 1793-1800 War with Frai ce, .( J uly 9, 1791, to September JO. 1800. , 1799 Fries insurrection la Pennsyl vania; spring of year. 5 1 H01rlSOfr-War wkth Trlptll. June ib. JS01, to June 4. IMS. i - ISM Burr conspiracy. . eane expedition. 1 ouiiana. 10T NavaJ affair in Che .peake bay, Julr 8th to Auxuet S. 1807. 1808 Enibarro. trouble. L ake Cham plain, v.. - 1811- 1812 War, wRh Nortl weat Indi ana. November. 1811. to Octo ier. 1812. 1 1812- 1815-War with Ore; it Britain. 'June 18. 1812. to February It. 1815. 1812 -Florida or Seminole war, Au ., rut 15th to October. 1812. .1 1813 Peoria . Indian wa. IlHnoU, Seiptember 18th to October ft, 1813. 1812-1814 Creek 'Indian prar, Ala- bam a. i 1217-1818 Seminole or Florida warl November 20. 1817. to Octo sr 31, 1818. 1818 Tellowatone erpeditk n.i jJuly to September, 1818. . i i 1823 Campaign aarainat Black feet and Ar4ckre Indiana, upm r Mlaaourt river. : . f 1827 Wlnnebajro expedition. Wiscon sin fho tlghUng). June to September. 1827. abw called La Fevre Indian war. & 1831 Sac and Fox Indian troubles In Illinois. 1 1832 Black Hawk war, April 2JLh to September 21. 1832. j 1832-1833 Nullification irpublea South Carolina. Novembe February, 1833. . 1833 Cherokee disturbances ntoval. 1834 Pawnee expediUon.! Indlan ter ritory. June to September.i MM. 1835-183 Toledo war, j Ohio 1 and Julchlsan boundary dispute 183&-1842 Seminole- or Flarida war, November 1. 1835. to Auaruat 14. 1842. 1834-1837 Creek disturbances In Ala- 6, 1838. to Sep " feama. May 1837. 1838-1837 Southwestern Loulaiana, Arkansas, and I line dlnturbane), no fir hi 0838. to June. 1837. 1837 Osage Indian troubles In Mis ftourl. 1838 ifeatherly Indian dUturbances on Missouri and Iowa lme. 1838 Mormon dLnturtjanck 1838-1839 New Tork. Arooktook. ! and Canada (patriot war) frontier disturb ances; no flKhtln. 1848-1847 Doniphan expiation from oania r. iv. M., o Chlhuaau. Mexico. November. 148. to Februarf . 1847. 1848-1848 Mexican warr AprU 24. 1848. so amy u, 1848-1848 New Aiexleo Uxpedltlon. wune 30, 1848, to February If. 1848. In 1332,to and re- ember 30, frontier, 'exas (8a- lngr. April, In Mis- war, Oregoh. troubles. ; Oreaon NeW 1848 Cayuse Volunteers. 1848-1881 Navajo Alexica. 1849-1881 ' Continuous disturbances with Comanche, Cheyenne Lpan, and j.icapoo Indiana m Texas. . 1850 Pitt river esoeditinbi. DM. Apru zsth to Seatembar - 1851-182 Tuma experrljfA. -Ca'tlfor- Ula. Jcember. 1831. to April. 1?52. 18M-1SS3 Utah Indian disturbance. 1851 1858 RofTUf river Taklroa, Kllk- Itat. Klamath and Salmon river Indian War in O reran and Waahtnrton 1855 WJnnasL exDedUionl Snake Indiana. Oregon. MAy BepiemwT a ISa. 185&-1S58 loux expedlttoi. aa territory. April 3,' 1855, m . r 185 Taklmai expedHlQn. Washing ton territory. October 11th to, Novem ber 24, 1855. ' MS55-1858 Cheyenne and: Arapahoe troubiea. I i-i5i Seminole- or Flbrlda war. x-vcember 20. 1855. to May! 1 1853... 1858-1858 Kanaaa border irouolea. is na expedition.: Netar .April 18th to September 18. Cllf or- 13. 1850. agalnet 24th to Nebras- ko July 27, confederate .force -under General Klr- y amna, saay za, . - j - 1882 Indian mwasncre at New TJlm. Minneeota, Augrust 17-23, 1882. 1 1 1882-1887 Shmx Iacian war n Mln neaota and Dakota. j 1883-1889 War Agalnat the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa and Comanche : In- ,ii ..,4 .. , s i , i ywuB 111 ,m mwg, nmiim a, vuhhwio jand Indian territory. . ? i IW3-19U uuuia war in oouuem Oregon and Idaho, and Northern Cal tfornta and Nevada. . 1885-1888-Fenlan raid. New -Tork and Canada, border disturbances. . -1887-1881 Campaign against Ufpan. Kiowa, Kickapoo and Comanche Indi ana and Mexican border disturbances. 1888-1889 Canadian river expedition. New Mexico. November s. 184,; to Feb ruary IX J889. : 1871 Yellowstone expedition,; August 28th to October 25, 1371. J 1871 Fenian troubles, Dakota and ManJtooa frontier. September Sand Oc tober, 1871. r 1872 TeUowsxona expedrtlonl Dako ta.! July 28th to October 15. 1872. 1872-1873 Modoc campaign, i : Novem be 23. 1872. to June X 1873, , "1873 Teilowatone expedition. ' Da kota. June 4th to October 4. 1873. 1874-1875 Campaign against? Kiowa. Cheyenne and Comanche Indiana 'in Indian territory. Augu.it i, 1S74L to. Feb ruary 18. 187$. y: 1374 Sioux expedition. Wyoining and Nebraska, February. 13th to August 19, 1874. j . 1374 Black hills expedition,' Dakota, June 20th to August 30, 1874. 1 1874 Big Horn expedition, Wyoming. AUruat 13th to October 10, 1874. f - 1375 Expediitlon against Indiana In Eastern Nevada. September 7h to 27. 1875. ' . f 1S76 Sioux expedlUon, Dakota. May 17th to September 28. 1878. f . 1878 Powder river expedition. Wyo ming. November 1st to December 31, 1376. . ' 1878-1877 Blr Horn .and Yeflnwrton exOedltlnnit. ,Wnm1nr mnA Ifnnl.n February 17. 1878, to June 13. 1877. , 1878-1879 War with Northern Chey enne and Sioux Indians In Indian ter- braaka and Montana.. i 1877 Labor atrikea In Pennsylvania and Maryland. July to October, 1877. 1877 Nex Percea campaign, June 14th to October 5. 1877. f 1878 Bannock and TMnte May 30th to September 4. 1878. 1878 Ute expedition, Colorado, April 3d fto September t. 1878. 1879 Snake or Sheeneater Tndlan troubles, Oregon and Washington, Au gust to October, 1879. j 1379-1894 Disturbances of settlers In Indian and Oklahoma territories, "Oklahoma boomer, and the Chero kee strip disturbances. 1879-1880 ITie Indian : Mmmlim In Colorado and Utah, September 21, 1879. 10 rxo vemoer , 1580. - 11885 Chinese miner and labor troub le In Wyoming.. SeDtember land Octo. bef. 1885. ' , f 1890-1891 Sioux Indian disturbances In South Dakota. November, mo.' to January, 189L j. Mexican border disturbance. "Tin Horn war." 1892 Miner disturbances Iln Tdahn. July to November. 1892. I I8947-"Indirtal ' army." ."common, wealera." "Coxeyite, and labor dis turbance. 1892-1898 Troubles With i ta Apache' Indian under Kbld; an Vf aal. in Arlsona and Mexican! border. . l;894 Railroad. Pullman and labor trjike extending from Illinois to Pa cific coast. June to August. 1894. 1895 Bannock Indian and August. 1895. ... r ! 1898 War with Spain. ' - "- "- 1.-Ji tik Wit with IO atmntra wn w volonteera and atari for San Francisc soon ATter tney reacnea u rort. Had there been no outbreak by the ; Filipino, and aaa,; pnn chown the disposition to acknowledge a a - a-auC American autnoxiiy iaa wa ta follow raUficatlon of the treaty, the have been on the way noma before the na ox, Joarcn. piowuv. - . . h jauaf a modification liik vwui ' - of plana. th 7000 regulars will be re- main longer, until It shall appear eer taln that the Filipinos do not mean to continue fightlac Gen- Mile thinks, since the battle of last Sunday, that Jf Will ,De oeciry w m,uw lii. 1 th PMHnnlnti fnr atnm Mm. The plans of the president have not rontempiaiea so large ana army iner; lw.niM.half "TIu. Anlv Ihlnv trt An la to wait and see the effects of the ka- -n taught. Tn a ener1 . vtr tlie nrMMpnf K. fnrethe battle of Manila, had dtreeted the war department to make prepara tions, for a muster-out of all volun- U-ers, The work wai to begin with those in camps tn this country. Each nf thr rMlmtnl la mdtlnv alwtiit ZSOOS a diT tar nav ant tnnnart Tit presiuent aiia ne wanted to lessen the a nun or war expenses en me treasury. nd he felt that the volunteers ernild now be -. spared. Fifteen regiments were to be disbanded Just as fast as ine mustering out routine could be oerfbrmed. There Mi Kmii nn ihinn In the orders since the Manila affair. 41 j unaemooa inai me autoanament of tle reglmenta stlU in the Southern ramps will proceed rapldlv. After I that will come the return of volunteers from Cuba. Inquiries hnve already been sent to commanders in Cuba to cbtaln opinions as to the numbers that can oe sparer, it is the intention, un less the situation should wm to d. mand the continuance there of all the troops, to bring to thla country a di vision or tne 7tn corps in March. Two or tne immune, regiments In Santiago Province will be bronirht bark in a f-w weeks. By the 1st of May - the rarrlson force Is to be reduced to a minimum. The appearance of vellow fever in a New York regiment In the Interior of the island Is having the ef fect to strengthen the purpose to re duce the garrisoning army as rapidly as it can be done safely. TIM BY ORDER OF THC COURT, . -.a. a t J t 1 V.-. - ,r f r . . . Commencing Saturday, February 18th, I P, The entire bankrupt stock of H. Zandmer, 96 State street, consisting of Gent's Furnishing Goods, Wen's and Boys' Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, also a fine line of Com . forters, Blankets, Quilts, Trunks. Valises, also a Shirts, Gent s Half Hose, Collars, Cuffs, Braces. THREE NICKEL SHOWCASES, ONE LARGE MIRROR, ETC. 1 Under the convenient "leave to print" some' surprising liberties - are taken with that staid Journal, the Con gresfrional Record. A few d&va m , member from the East put in as part or hi "remarks" an entire sermon on tne subject of expansion. The our fore was not to get the minister's views before the public, but to show ine source from which a senator had ornwn the greater part of his speech a few days before. Another recent oc ca!on in whlrh the Cot ord waa made an accommodating Ve- uH.-ie was in ine report, of a contro versy between two representatives on ine noor. tme or them 4ot the bout uo. so far as his part went, as the ofrWal reporter took it. The other "revised' his remarkr so well that he gave him. en airjogetner-the best of the affair. ui. uw icmi oi congresKion.'ii or a tmy art never uttered. Thev im t rthought. so to speak, Mr. Cooney. oi Missouri, hnu Inserted In the Record prvn wni.-n, lr it nal rveen deliver ed on the floor in its entirety, .would have created a great sensation. He opens his printed speech In this wiv; "Mr. i thalrman We have thrt.nn the Spaniard dnn lirw-ll-a ! ' VaU ducked him in the non, rolled him In ine sand, sunk his wooden toys, and. m a spine or generosity that approach es contrition for H brushed the dnst from him. healed hU wounaa. red him, hired a carriage and gently conveyed him home. and. as we parted with him, amid a confusion of regret and adtosea. 'thrust 320.000.MO iiwo ms pot net. such are the short ano eimpie annaia or a great-war. hon orable to us and profitable to SoaIn. . m. .. i , , , , , - - a-vje.w9 jr TH GRIP. The greatest danger from LaOrlpre tm or iu resulting in pneumonia, If reasonable care Is used however; and Chamber lalna Cough Remedy taken, all danger will be avoided. .Among the tens of thousands who have used this remedy ror la grippe we have yet to learn of a single case having resulted tn pneumorUa which shows conclusive- iy mat tnis remedy is a certain pre ventive of that dangerous disease. It will cure la s-rirme In leaa tin ar.y other treatment. It fs pleasant and aare to take. For sale by Lunn St rooKS, druggists. The entire stock consists of fresh goods and is a strictly bona fide sale, sold without reserve or limit. I wo sales daily, from Z to4 p. m. 7 to 9 p. m., until the entire stock is EMBER THE PUCE 96 STATE If. A. FAVIER. ot Portland, Auctioneer. STREET, .PHTTOII BLOCK. SCHLE Y M AKES REPLY AK8WERS CHARGES BECEKTLT MADE AGAINST HIM. Explains His Action and the Orden ixeeeiTrd rrom Sampson During the 8panish War. Mexico, 1857. massacre, 1857 Sioux Indian tranhMi In Mm. beeota and Iowa. March i knd AprU. lS57-MountalnX Meadow gVptember 11. 1857. I 1857,1858 Utah i expedit 4onJ 18&84-ExpediUon ; against Indiana, Washington aerrtiory. I7th to October 17. 1353. 1S53 Pusret Sound eaaadltlnn. 'Wuh Ingtoa territory. August 10th to Sep- 1853 Spokane, Coeur 4Alea and Pa- ftooa Indian troubles ia Washington semiory. . j-.1 i , , 1S5 Navajo expedition.' N Mex sco. September 9 to to December 23. 1858-lS5-Wlchlta expedition. Indian A WOrd to the Wis la aiifflrl.nt r:iy s Crt-am "Palm ' has inrnni..!. vwkws inv ui cmurrn w n.n mtrmmm . a urea . Btevrns. Cald welL Ohio. ! Ely's Cream luim wtv. w ch irm; it has cured me bf the most ob- uBate case or cold n th k.... would not be without ItFredTt Fries. Northern I A IGc trinl site of Ely's Ciieam tro jbi, w. -e ww. ert hy druggists. Xly ! vl Brothers, 58 Warren St. N. T. ' it Hjmom tim tber. 1859. VOLUNTEERS HAVE TO RE MAIN AT MANILA. ; QUEER FOona. The ancient Dane, ate wild- bull. eeai, eaver. periwinkle and birds. Two hundred years ago" the Irish made salads of sorrel and beet, mixed with vinegar, beer and sugar, using no on. aau or mustard. The human race has at times de voured remarkable things. The Tar tars, it is said, ate horses, camel. aoga. m China, birds' nests, rats and snails are considered good food. 1 Borne of the old Egyptians were fond of crocodile steak. The, thought wheat ana Daney poor stuff. The Egyptians, moreover, never ate beans or the head of any animal. . Honey 'and raisins they loved and also liked fish, quail and. duck. " s To the Jews we are Indebted for our aeucKras saiaa dressing of oil, vinegar, lt, pepper and mustard. At the Passover they ate bitter herb k wild lettuce, tansy, camomile and dan delion, and Invented the dressing- to maae ine aisa palatable. WASHINGTON. Feb. 20. Rear Ad miral W. S. Schley, having been grant ed permission to answer chararea centlv made aaainat him In sar rntri m nr 13 tirn MMtntlv aoila ..h rv vnaic, tv-uaj 1 handed to the committee on naval af-l fairs his statement. In which he dla. saya hi orders) from Sampson, on May j 19th. were to blockade Otenrnoma which he proceeded to do. At 3:40 p. j in. on aaay zui ne, ror tne first time. ; learned definitely that the Spanish fleet Wsl riAf A C nan ttm nam TirttVl. sM...'f hours he started for, Santiago. "KDlli TVkutKU wn.Mwl 1 .4 .1 . ne say, -au verse o me there can be I If . A , . . ' - "s xutm i tn, ioi eee. 1 was on the , spot under orddrs which gave me en-! tl I . . I : . ..... . ... I "l c uiotirT.iui,nuru yci ciouiea me witn the responslblUtv of rain- ta (Untiim only after I was satisfied that the fleet Was not at CHehfueeoa." I "speaking of the "retragrade move ment." which th secretarv. adnntlnr the tansruasre of JtiimiraJ simrmmn characterize as "reprehensible con duct." Admiral Schley says that, in forty-two years of service, "never waa such language Used to characterta conduct of mine, and I see no reason for It now," and he add: I "Acting in accordance with mv beat Judgment, in view of the clrcura-. stances, without certain knowledge of the Soanlsh fleet.-after ha vina" hMn Informed by scoot that they had seen nothing of It and knew nothing of its movement or whereabout olnp. it a left Cuiaota. after having Wn t sured by Slgsbee that he did not be- j ev it wa . in Banuago, 1 Oeemed it best to take the action I djd. the final result of vhtrh waa llu ImMmi ,1. - a. hi liMT1 enemy fleet in Santiago harbor. I a 10 ine nactie or Santiago. Admiral Schley sava the fata or ttu n ....... : speax iot ihemselvea. OUR LINCOLN. The voice of orootiecv wa hi- A uj. & house; divided .'gainst itself caniot divided sUnd: One tendency must bind the pirts to make the union strong: The conflicts irrepressible; between the right and wronr. UroUKh mists that dimmed so many eyes how clearly h discerned That every man has right to eat the bread his hand has earned. When dava wm 1artrc tnla t:L t. . .- - j , , " wmpic yci suoume, 1.I BVUKIIUW UVU WOUIQ lift the weight from all men. in due time. i TllE TDTPATT lints Is asrrvin abroad in ik. 1.1 m.. - . .... a u?r a&tr yen breathe may be ful. of its fatal . i85J-Colorado riyer expedition. Cal-I . 1 ' . : I I Z" Zr, : oegiect ue "Crip-, or irofnla. February 11th to Aorlt 2S. 185SL I AulUSing raragraphs Found in 1 IWa r. wprn,lne aw U Pneumonia lass .TWm. ..tiiu.- . ,. I .. 1 ; I ana Consumption, ml Iihi. 1. 1859 IVoa) : exndltlA- tsbva. I asm w August 17. 1SW. t I 1859 Antelope IUUs expedition. TeSt p. june jotn to eeptembe .33. 1859, 1X59 Bear river expedition, i Utah. -June 12th to October 18,' 1559. 1 3359 San Juan Imbroglio, Washing ton territory. " 1 1S59 John Brown raid, Vlrirtnla, ;No- remoer ana uecember, 1859.! - j I 1S59-1S60 Cortina troublea on Texas - aura Mexican noroer. - . j : I860 Pah-Cte expedlUon, California, w iuj a, 1 sou. "I the Congressional Reioni How Put There; Washington. Feb. 18. Batl for the recent affair around Manila the vol Jjuteers under Gen. Otis would have been preparing- to start homeward. The movement of 700ft regulars to the Philippines waa planned and inaug filT1 T1" ' to the return of 13 volunteers now on service in the archipelago The s transports en route IU sure, signs are chills with fever. headache, dull Wv mu. charges from the nose, sore throat and never-let-ro eoua-h. . rw .--I rious time treating tti .-. .w I trocnea. tablets iMr.fi . " .1 ' J ' ' .rw 11 11 ence witn Dr. King's Nesr Dlscovry the InfalllhiA bronchial troublea. - It wu th germsT heals th lungs, ant prevents ue orcaoea arter effects from the mal ady. Price 50 eta. and SLOO. i Money back if not cured. A Trial knt.u at Dr. stone's Drug Stores. THE CoRTEtS METS. Madrid. ; Feb. SO Jtw. . assembled todav. rAi,n - - . . '- W KITTJ wn vi v. 1 ne nncrui mmji i war tn Caba, declaring that Oeneral r-nmo itivera, Oeneral Weyler. Oeneral Blanco, Admlral -Cervera, and Oeneral Llnare had proven failures. :- - . iPAIV nn?AriC5rr rwtrrx Mr. H. P. Ofl via . of TBareelnna.' Rnaln j spends his winters at Aiken, . C Weak nerves had canned severe pnlns Id the back of his head. on inr Electric intters. America's greatest' Blood and Nerve Remedy, all pain soon left him. He says thla grand medicine is what his country needs. AH Anvrlca knows that It cures liver and Idiney trout le. purines the blood, tones up the stomach, strengthens the nerves, puts vim, vigor and new life into cle, nerve and organ of the body. If xirea or ailing, you need It. Er., T. V011' ruaranteed. only 50 cents. Sold lor Dr. Stone. Drcgglst. He led US onward sten hv ten cImv But when we turned toward freedom's goal, struck freedom's grandest avsw Back through the vears, fourscore and more, he saw the father's, plan A nation whose chief corner-stone should he the Hrrh nf m x - , g -v a (skit. - ; . j - i , . :...! . . And then he saw thick clouds and darkness cover all the land, And heard the awful silence that presaged the storm at hand. I i- - - And when th war god sped the lightning. 'cross the Southern sky, He raised the father's flag above the fathers' house full high, AnJ to the Northlands blew a bugle, note so loud "and clear. That all the Northlands heard it and responded with one cheer. They came by thousands at his call, the nation's life to save. 13y thousands, too, the last full measure of devotion gave. , And at his bidding, by the graves of our heroic slain, 1 We made the high resolve: These dead shall not have died in v-rfh; . ' - -y ' ' '"".- -"-. This nation, under God, shall have of freedom a new birth; Self-goveihmcnt the people's shall, not perish from the earth. Tot years, how fondly did we hope, how fervently all pray. That speed-ly the mighty scourge of war might pass away. J? Tain1.ourL hP n1 prz)rtr: A great offeWse we must atone; God wills that nations, too. must reap the harvest they have sown; All aunlr! must h tf wi1tL j . '.. For all the blood drawn with the lash our blood must drench the soil; The judgments of the Lord are true, he's righteous in' his wrath; He give no peace until the! word of justice hews .the path. Thus had our Lincoln pondered o'er the cause of all our woe, When hJ with the occasion rose and struck the fateful blow. With faith that right makes might, he felled disunion't upas-tree giving freedom to the slave, saved freedoni for the tree. Thenceforth were we thrice! armed; We hal, though still beneath the rod. - , - - mmwvm -v. tuua)UlJ VVOU. ... At Gettysburg the tide of Southern valor reached' its height. And spent its crimson surges 'gainst the rock of Northern might. Again the Father of Waters went unvexed unto the coast; ' ' uvu nuuvm iu UlC ca via WOTJ ICQ OUT DOSt. The dovg of peace went forth once more above the waters frei ' At Appomattox found her quest beneath the apple tree. " . -'. . . i' ... " 1 And then, a lasting peic. aistaredi-with malice toward none, Ny, more, with charity for all our Lincoln's work was done. And as he stood on Pisgah's mount and saw. the whole land free. Death came and crowned him with the crown of immortality. - The mystic chords of patriot love touched by his spirit hand. The cborjns of the union swell all over this broad land. From Plymouth Rock to Golden Gate, (rim lakelands to the bar. - " wm iar lor siaie iree state lor everystar. - . . me orecn liag w a m -. 1 . --