Klamath republican., October 09, 1913, Image 11

«•yrHiat ist*. W. F.
HORACE GREELEY KEESLING, Editor.
UKI’AHTMKNT KIIITOH»!
*aa>Mrl R, Watass, HUI« Inape. tor
•f Italrlex balry und Uv« Hl«>< k
Halberts* l>«slBp <'a<be* -Childrens
I'*««
< OMHIhlTuHIl
Kdwanl llorwlck. I’a< ltl< Urovs.
Leonard Coal» Morano 1(111.
Frank M< Kevltt. Hactameiilo
Dr. F. Fraoaew hl. Hum« Barbara
Imraiia. Ha< raxirntu.
J <1 Gilstrap, «'»res.
Karl Milla, Urovilla.
*• A Lyons, I^tkrpuri
<le»rw* Mar<hl>ank, Madera.
J It Hank«. Ukiah.
N. II Wllaon, Mrr nl.
F. it. M. Bloomer. Hal ran.viilo,
william <lardvri Hto«-kt< n
<■ W lie<>t«, Hanta Harhara
(lours* A. Min I mon. Anderson.
C. it M< Hrldv Vacaville.
A. O Hhula. Portervilla.
Tlia Editor of the Farmer Invite*
«errsaponden« <• from an> read« r upon
any subject that may Interval «-ountry
people, or have a bearing up Impro’e-
mam ot rondlilona in rural life
All departmente ot thia paper are
open for the approval or dlaapprmai of
Ita reader» «nd a tree rxpreaatpn of
opinion la Im Had
ORANGE HEADQUARTERS IN ISIS.
T the meeting of the California
Hint* Orange at Visalia In Oc­
tober. I*l|, a committee was ap­
pointed wherei duty was Io be the mak­
ing of arrangvinenta for grange head-
quarter« at the 1‘anamn Pacific Expo­
rt lion ut Hun Pram lac«» in l*l&.
Th<- specific dull«« of thia commit­
tee aalda from providing headquarter«
were not defined but ><ume general
plan was unofficially outlined by thooe
who proposed the plan both at Visalia
and at Hebnatopol In 1*12
Aa win suggested at the time of the
committee'» appointment there will ba
no doubt but that the National Grange
will hold Ha annual erosion in Han
Frunclaeo sometime during the pro-
greaa of the fair
Thia event will
doubtless be the final magnet in draw­
ing thouunnd« of granger« from tne
eastern «tatag to attend the National
Grange meeting. In conjunction with
the exposition
There I'atrona of lluahandry. a« Iw
well known, are perhaps the moat in­
telligent, level hr .ided. progressive class
of all our rural population.
During their «lay In California they
will want to aee na much a» pouaible of
our great Htate, and one of the prin­
cipal object« of thia movement to pro­
vide grange headquarter», will b« to
receive them In a« hospitable a manner
aa may be, have them r<-gl«t«red prop­
erly, and hand them by word of mouth
or prlnte«! matter, not only a guide to
the wonder« of the ek|H«*ltlon but reli­
able, fair, not overdraw n. Information
regarding the reaourcea and advant­
age» of the Mt counties In California,
each one r< markable for Ita produc­
tion«, but differing from every other
Olla in climate, »oil and the develop­
ment of It» agricultural and horticul­
tural p<»-»ll>llltb».
Of Intareat to All Californian«.
With this Information obtained from
such a reliable source and from per­
sonal obaorvatlon thane thousands «if
country people will return to their
home», coinpetant to »dvl»e and full ot
Information to enquiring friend« a» to
the condition» anti advantages of Cal­
ifornia for the homeseekt-r.
Thea« are tho people that we want
to come to California. They tire Intel­
ligent, India’trlou», honest, capable ug-
rlculturlalists an«l horticulturists.
By placing the advantages of a home
with 0» before them In a proper way
wo will he conferring upon them a val­
uable favor and nil who may find their
way to California »nd build home«
among us will honor us by their pres­
ence.
A
NEW FRUITS ANO FLOWER8
Mr. Albert F. Etter of Hrlceland,
numboldt county, 1» an enthusiastic
hybridizer of strnw berrfro. and Colum­
bines and promises some »turning de­
velopments along the strawberry line
In the near future.
His hybrid Columbine Is remarkable
for great variety of color» and vigor
of plant», some of them growing five
feet high.
To the lover of the home garden the
production of new fruits or flowers
is always Interesting and, although a
new creation may prove to be of lit­
tle vnlue away from Its native environ­
ment. still it Is only by trying them
out that we know of their merits. In
any case the pleasure of trying a new
WALNUT BLIGHT PREVALENT.
IIE fact that some varieties of
Walnut» that have been consid­
ered heretofore to be Immune—■■
or partially so—from blight are ahow-
ing more ot Is»» ut the disease this
year. faces us.
Just why this 1» «<> 1» u difficult ques­
tion tu answer; In fact, It cannot be
answered at thl» time with any degree
•■f accuracy.
"I told you ho ." 1» an eu»> and com­
fortable way t<> dl»mla» notne matters
<>f this kind
Heveral years ago a walnut enthus­
iast with a brand new variety alrout
eight years In existence—in comment­
ing on the merits of his acquisition
claimed that It wa« blight proof and
WUH somewhat "peeved’' when some one
remarked, "how do you know It is
blight proof?" ’’Eight year» Is too short
a time to prove that uny variety of nut,
fruit or other tree, shrub or plant, has
merit» that .«re to continue forever"
in the development of plant life and
the elimination» Dial Nature unerringly
performs In the testing out of her cre­
ations, time seems to be of little ac­
count. A few years or a lifetime or a
Ihousand years may elapse before some
principle ,,f Nature 1» demonstrated to
her aatisfa< lion.
T
When Will Wa Know.
Anti while we are Impatient with Na­
ture when tn the course of our expe­
rience we have some particular child
of hers In which we take great pride
and proclaim H perfect and free from
the III« that beset the "common run,"
she gives us a shock— all the more vio­
lent because unexpected—It is well to
take the experience cheerfully, partic­
ularly when we see others with troubles
of a similar nature.
We should In fact feel content when
we find that our line« have fallen In
pleasant pieces for a longer period than
some.
For many years the transcendent
crab apple of Minnesota was considered
sbsolutely hardy as to temperature and
blight, when without, warning or any
apparent reason, blight swept over the
orchards, leaving them half dead and
the crops ruined.
Ho with the walnut, we have felt
somewhat secure with some varieties
in certain locations. This year’s ex­
perience with blight has been educa­
tional mid will no doubt be of great
value to thousands of future walnut
growers in t'allfornla.
h>>r walnut
growing Is only In Its Infancy,
The testing of varieties, for location
and soil, has only begun. As with rice,
cotton and corn the possibilities of
t'allfornla soils and climate are hardly
yet born.
SELECT APPLE VARIETIES.
As the seasons pregr« «» and tho
early apples give way to later varie­
ties and the later ones to the winter
or long-keeping kinds. It is well for
him who contemi late« planting apple
trees cither for a commercial or a
family orchard to watch the markets
and the orchards as well that an in­
telligent selection of varieties may be
made.
Without a practical knowledge, by
watching ai <1 handling, baking and
stew Ins. makli.g pies and apple eob-
blers, will the quality of a variety be
determined. If found satisfactory then
Its behavior In the orchard, the size of
tho tree, I's habits of fruiting, etc.,
should be consldi red and a test made
In comparison with other varieties.
Also peoples tr.stes differ. One loves
Bellflowers. another Pearmalna, and
still another Newtown Tippins.
A
grower of many varieties once said
that his preference for commercial as
well ns homo orchard apples could all
he Included In nine varieties which he
called his Big 9.
They were Ran Jacinto. Graven-
stein, Skinners, Bellflower, Fall I’lppln,
Htayman, W. W. Pearmaln, Mammoth
Black Twig, ard Yellow
Newtown
Pippin.
Those ripen about In order
nan ed and are a most delicious and
saleable collection.
plant 1» reward enough for most peo­
ple.
z
Mr. Etter lx also sure that the North­
field apple Is better than any other for
his section.
For the benefit of our readers In
Humboldt county, In particular, wa
hope to hear from Mr. Etter often, and
will bespeak for him a large and at­
tentive host of reader*.
TAKING THOUGHT OF NATURAL
LAWS.
LOT of discussion is going on In
granges, farmers’ unions and
farm papers In regard to early
pruning and early irrigation.
The
bursting Into bloom ot many prune
trees after early irrigation has been
wondered nt and all sorts of reasons
have been advanced
A little reason­
ing on the part of any one who has
studied plant life In any intelligent
way will find the reason why
Years ago a text book wa« u»ed in
the common schools, entitled Well's
Science of Common Thin«». In that
little book the principles of scieooe,
which controlled th«- actions of the
common every «lay thing» about us.
were clearly and simply explained and
the pupils were taught to recognise
those piinuples when operating In oth­
er thing» than tho.«« treated in the
book.
Following the plan of the little text
book any one who ha« dealt with
plants In the garden or greenhouse
will know that lack of moisture will
stop growth and If the plant is put In
a cool place It will remain dormant,
but If moisture 1» added while the plant
remains In a warm plai'e it will imme­
diately prepare to grow ugaln.
The past season ha» been very dry
and notwithstanding early Irrigation
the earth become very dry and warm
many feet deep and the prune trees be­
come dormant.
The application of moisture before
the cooler days of autumn, started
them into growth again and In some In­
stances they bloasom<-d freely
This only Illustrates that a little
careful thought of natural law« will
enable the fruit grower tu avoid the
injurious and unpleasant results of Im­
proper action.
A
hardt an caused by erroneous irriga­
tion methods were starving our trees.
Fertilization alone was not a suffi­
cient remedy. Appil« at ion of gypsutn
on hard soils benefited th«- surtax« a
few inches but no more.
It was than that fruit grower» aw oka
to the value of cover crops
Instances of neglected (?) orchards
whet«- 'he weeds were allowed tn gro z
until they covered the ground com-
pletely. a tangled mass of burr clover,
wild oats, alllleria,
et<„
sometimes
waist high, were discovered to be do­
ing better than the clean, cultivated
on-». The soil was found to be mel­
low, not on!’ on top but dear down
as far as the roots of th«- -green growth
penetrated.
That settled the matter
with observing orchardists. and "how
to grow more weeds" wa« the problem
Inalead of "bow to «-radicate weeds.”
Vetch and Other Legume*.
To
imulate a heavy growth of
nitrogen-atorli g plants has been and
1» now the most important problem
before the grower of fruits in Califor­
nio. during the winter months.
This Is not so difficult In citrus
groves or deciduous orchards of early
maturing fruits for early irrigation
and sowing will secure a good start of
the leguni« ■> while the soil Is still warm,
but in the case of the prune grower
the difficulties attendant upon late
sowing arize
The prunes are rot gathered and the
lard cleared for action much before
the first of October, when the nights
are longer and cooler and the young
plants start slowly.
A study of this situation and the
trial of various varieties of bacteria-
bearing plantr »terns to b>- the only
alternative.
DO SILOb MAKE GOOD?
HE first American silo of which
any record was made up to 18'»
At least one fruit grower ha» advo-
was built in 1875 by Dr. Manly
<ated early pruning of troca that have Miles. It was an experiment pure -«nd
become dormant by reason of drought
• Itnple but was a success.
giving as a reason that the energy of
From that time to the oresent «¡ay
the tree would be conserved an«l better
silos have teen built of all grades and
support the remaining wood.
A little careful thought along the eizes. some good. som< bad. and 'onm
same lines aa'Indicated above will re­ indif'erent.
As some of the earlier tiles v.ere
veal the fact that so far as conserv­
ing the strength of the whole tree in very primitive and still preserved the
the part that Is left by cutting off some silage In good order it was roon dis­
of Its branches. It will have no effect covered, after Interest In them be«-ame
whatever as the tree Is dormant, the thoroughly awakened, ihat the archi­
extreme ends, aa well as every other tecture of the silo was of less import­
part of the top of the tree Is receiv­ ance than the proper way of stowing
ing no energy from the roots as they the silag» in them.
l»ss of silage from air leaks whether
ars quits aa inactive as the top.
The only advantage» to be gained by from defects in the building itself or
early pruning are several that have from Improper filling gradually brought
been stated before In these columns out the true | rinclples of preserxi a
such as ease of detecting sickly or dead corn and other fords In the silo.
The ph silo was found to be easy to
branches, the clearing of the orchard
before tho rains, etc., and the cer­ All but very inconvenient to get at and
Then tho
tainty of having the pruning done when was naturally disciu-dod.
by reason of winter rains and warmer square silo, whose walls would not
weather tho routs again become active stand the pressure and wh«>se corners
and will not have th« useless wood to were more often moldy than not. was
found to be Impractical, also those
support,
with too great diameter and not great
enough
height.
OUR BEST FRIEND IN WINTER.
That the sllag«- must settle closely
OOOD cover crop for our orchard in order to create the proper amount
of heat is well known, but the settling
lands Is perhaps the most im­ must be accomplished evenly in «ill
portant thing that we may turn parts of tho silo. By too great pres­
our attention to doing the next month. sure In the center and not enough at
In the early days of California or­ tho edges or circumference a lol of
charding, clean cultivation w«u the good material Is wasted.
It has been proven out quite satis­
fule. All «rowing vegetation between
the orchard trees was considered an factorily that e. silo should be approxi­
enemy, and, whenever weather per­ mately twice as hU-h as its diameter
mitted, the plow, cultivator ami weed­ within certain limits.
Tho smaller the diameter the loss
cutter were kept busy destroying It.
An orchard free from weed« at all danger of losing any by molding ns It
seasons and the soil In tine cultivation, is fed day by «’ay. Tn case of a large
was considered the best possible prac­ herd of cows a larger silo, both in
diameter anti height, serves the pur­
tice in fruit growing.
Methods of pruning wore also differ­ pose ns more silage is needed each day.
Silos are not needed where constant
ent tn the 70’s ami 80’s. To cut back a
cherry or walnut tree wi.cn planting, green pasturage Is assured, but as such
was considered rank hcre’v, but tho a, condition is tho great ex. option a
apple and prune were cut back severe­ reasonable conclusion would be that no
ly for several years after planting and dairyman with a «loxcn or more cows
sometimes old trees were so continu­ can afford not to have silo. Tn time« rf
ously cut ba« k that the tops resem­ drought or during stormy, wet sea­
sons, when it is better for tho pasture
bled enormous brooms.
to keep the cows off from it. t! «■ silo
A Chi.ng» of Practice.
becomes a money maker
As the years passed by the discovery
was made that by reason of faulty
Do not prune Valencias or any other
pruning in part the trees were no orange trees at this time. It is far
longer bearing good crops, the inside better to wait until tho coldest weeks
twigs ami branches were dying, pests of the winter searon have passed and
were Increasing and the product be­ the vigorous spring growth is at hand.
coming more and more unmarketable.
Then it also discovered that our
That the appoinlment of county ag­
trees were not properly fed. The plow ricultural advisers may work for good
sole caused by constant plowing and seems probable.
The merits of this
cultivating at the same depth, and the new- move will be carefully watched.
Effects of Early Pruning.
A
T