PAGE-
I1F.RALD
f
Chipping
Breaking into the hard core of the coun
try's unemployment is beyond doubt the
toughest domestic dilemma outside the ra
cial field.
The two problems are, of course, not
unrelated, since a good portion of the chron
ically unemployed in some distressed areas
are unskilled or low-skilled Negro workers,
v: How can the employables among the
hard core be salvaged?
Obviously, countless numbers might he
"soaked up" if the general level of the econ
omy rose greatly. To achieve this is the
stated aim of President Kennedy's tax cut
plan.
But if there is no tremendous economic
upthrust with or without a tax cut then
more and more stress will have to be put on
other methods of salvage.
The various area redevelopment and
general manpower retraining programs are
' the present chief reliance.
Nationally, and as seen in such critical
.. "distress" areas are found in parts of West
" Virginia and Pennsylvania, some quite re
spectable figures can be mustered to the
point that many unemployed individuals
have been or are being retrained and a fair
share of these are finding jobs.
How much hope one sees in this de
pends partly on whether he wishes to em-
phasize the psychological benefit of "some
progress" or to stress the long, long road
still to be traveled.
'' The biggest drawback appears to be
' that automation is moving along at so rapid
a pace even by conservative estimates
that old jobs are disappearing as fast or
faster than new ones can be created.
By RALPH de TOLEDANO
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. -Like
tho United Slulcs, the Unit
ed Nations lias takon up the
habit of going into debt. For
some years, it has been spend
ing more than it takes in, due
simply to the (act that some
member slates just don't pay
their regular and special assess
ments. In the past, Uncle Sam
found a Way to make up the
balance, but Congress has put
its foot down to a certain ex
tent, so Secretary General U
" Thant has been scrambling (or
bucks just like theo or me.
' I think It is interesting that
whereas in 1M59 the U.N. was
able to collect 99.9 per cent of
the assessments on its regular
budget, in 1W2 that figure had
dropped to 80.2 per cent. In oili
er words, delinquent members
had shortchanged the U.N. of
$13.22 million in one year. Delin
quencies on special assess
ments have been far higher. The
United Nations Emergency
Force, which is presumably
keeping the peace In the Middle
East, has been able to collect
only 70.8 per cent of the tab for
the past year, and it is in the
hole for $27.65 million.
The United Nations "Congo ac
count" the bill for the dubious
activities of U.N. troops in the
Central Congo and in Katanga
is even limpcr. Only SO per cent
of the money due the U.N. treas
ury has come in and J7R 2 mil
lion is outstanding on the red
sido of tho ledger. In all, tho
United Nations Is behind $121.6
million, which is a lot of cash
for a debating society.
As everyone knows, the U.N.'j
bookkeeping Is on the wild side.
The United States pays 32 per
cent of the regular budget. The
Soviet Union bigger in size and
population, and claiming a 1 1
kinds of economic muscle is
socked for only J4.9 per rent.
Great Britain comes next, with
;7 6 per cent, and the rest is in
; small percentages. Yet Mali.
Haiti, and a host of other cnun
' tries, whose assessment is O.N
'per cent, have as much of a say
in General Assembly affairs as
the United States.
This was not intended when
the United Nations charter was
signed. It became an interna,
tional fact of life as a result of
then-Secretary of State Dean
Achoson'a manouverings to get
U.N. approval of the Korean
"police action" which we had
been forced to enter as a result
of the Truman Administration
short-sighted Far Eastern poli
cies. By shifting power from tho
Security Council to the Assem
bly, Mr, Acheson achieved his
AND NEWS, Klamalh Falls, Oregon
Away At The Core
In its general aspect the problem is not
unlike that India confronts as it tries to raise
its people's living standards at the same
time it is being engulfed in a rising popula
tion tide.
There is another difficulty. In many
places, the retraining effort has had a cer
tain looseness to it. Not always has it been
clear that men retrained in particular fields
would find jobs waiting in those fields. And
this even though honest effort has been
made to gauge the needs of business and
industry.
What seems required, but up to now
has been managed only spottily, is a very
close communication between business and
the retraining program. The retrainers need
to be told by business managers that they
will hire specific numbers of men trained
in a specific array of skills.
Then, with considerable saving in ener
gy, money and personal hopes, unemployed
workers can be fitted for work they know
beyond question will be waiting for them.
Right now, through the co-operation of
the Chamber of Commerce and state-local
government officials, Philadelphia is en
gaged in just such a manpower project. If
it works as well as it should, Pittsburgh and
other Pennsylvania cities may be getting the
same thing.
The results of such carefully pinpoint
ed efforts to match jobs and men may not be
massive, at least at the outset. But the at
tainment could be very real and very solid.
In an age when "solutions" to the un
employment problem seem so wispy and il
lusory, solid gains even though small
must be welcomed by us all.
IN WASHINGTON . . .
How United Nations Runs Its Business
purpose, but since then the U.S.
has had a tiger by the tail.
There is no Veto for us in the
General Assembly and some
day the small stales w ill hand
us our head on a platter.
Because of tho importance of
the General Assembly today, it
would seem obvious that the
United States would insist that
those countries in arrears 1)0 de
prived of their votes as tho
charier demands.
Yet there nre at least 47 coun
tries today that owe the United
Nations part or all of their reg
ular dues. There are at least 58
countries that owe their share of
Ihe tariff for the United Nations
Emergency Force and 07 coun
tries or more behind in full or in
part on the bill (or the Congo
operation. For an organization
of some 100 members, this is
hardly a shining record. .
The Soviet Union, for exam
ple, owes almost $50 million.
The Ukraine, listed as a sepa
rate country (as agreed at Yal
ta', owes close to $7 million,
Byelorussia $1.8 million, The
captive nations are among the
most active delinquents. Ghana
and the United Aral) Republic,
consislent trouble-makers at the
United Nations, arc also in debt
to Ilio world organization and
Ihe list goes on and on.
"Hey, tiJtl, ubnt lay wt
loin up uitb
Friday, October 25, 1963
Yet Secretary of State Dean
Rusk has not mounted any while
charger to rectify this situation
and Ambassador Adloi Ste
venson, our voice at the United
Nations, seems to be above such
mundane matters.
There is occasionally talk
from Washington ubout taking a
firm stand to implement deci
sions of the World Courts on de
linquent nations, but these are
always forgotten once the Con
gress has appropriated money
for tlie United Nations. A so
called Working Group of Twenty-One
has been sot up to work
out some arrangement (or Ihe
orderly and consistent collection
of ilues and assessments, hut its
work is likely to end in frustra
tion. France, to name but one coun
try, has steadily opposed Hie
Congo operation '1 must admit
with justice) and refuses flatly
to he taxed (or its cost. She has
threatened not to serve on tho
Working Group and to deduct
Irom her regular dues her share
in the interest and repayment o(
I lie United Nations bunds which,
wo were told, would solve all of
the U.N.'s financial difficulties.
Given this situation, there are
few who aren't convinced that
those difficulties will get worse
before they get belter if. in
deed, they ever do.
W off then bttrit tni
Btn BelUt"
To
By PHILLIP M. LANDRUM
Georgia Congressman
Complaints of bias in the han
dling of unfair labor practice
cases by the National Labor
Relations Board are far from
new. They have been made and
documented repeatedly through
nearly all the years of the
board's existence. Almost from
its inception with the Wagner
Act in 1IIS5, this board has been
under public and congressional
fire for failure to perform its du
ties in an even-handed impartial
manner.
Congress passed the Taft-Hartley
law in 1947, not alone to re
dress a basic statutory imbal
ance but also to undo the dam
age wrought by biased NLRB
decisions. So-called NLRB loop
holes became the rule, and the
very abuses which Congress had
ordered stopped continued to
grow.
Once again, in 1959. Congress
expressed the will of the people
to end these abuses with the
passage of the Landrum-Griffin
Act. Numerous Labor Board rul
ings have been made which tor
ture the language of the statute
and distort the letter and the
spirit of the law. Once again
abuses grow and flourish which
the Act clearly banned. There
appears to be a studied and de
liberate effort to achieve admin
istrative appeal of the Act.
1 will not burden you with a
recital of all the Labor Boad de
cisions which have operated to
legalize again many o( the most
flagrant abuses which the peo
ple and Congress sought to elim
'Dear Gen. de Gaulle, Adenauer Has
Retired. Macmillan Has Retired. Just
Thought I'd Drop A Line To Ask
How Are Things With You?'
"bi! ; Vvlf 7
Purely Personal Prejudices:
One of the saddest sights in Ihe
world is a man who. at the
same time, looks aged and im
mature; w ho has become gray
and lined beyond his years, and
yet has not acquired the charac
ter to match his appearance.
"Giving an example" is not
proof anything, except of giv
ing an example; we all know
that one swallow docs not make
a summer, yet we persist In try
ing In prove our dubious points
by Muslims a 1 1 1 1 or two from
the hushes and calling them a
"flock."
When parents correct or repri
mand a child, they should never
say, "I'm only doing it (or your
own good." which Die child
quite properly resents as smug
hypocrisy; they should say. it
anything, "I'm doing it for my
own good. lecause it makes me
feel belter lo try to make you
into the kind of child 1 want you
lo be."
When a bright man wants to
be incessantly clever in conver
sation, he almost invariably
makes a tool o( himself: his wit,
of which he is so proud, usually
becomes the very vehicle of his
downfall.
Some people can relu.-e to do
a fax or with more grace than
others can confer a favor; and
we would ratlicr be refused with
tact than obliged with oily self
satisfaction. Speaking of Ixpes of person
alities. I'm fond of the anony
mous deflncr ol a "pessimist"
as being "somebody who's
been forced to Ihr th an
npllmlsl."
We cannot understand why
boys generally follow the lowest
and wilde.-t among tliom, unless
we recognize that hoys need a
xent for their anti social impuls
es, ami Hie leadership of such a
boy alkws tlwm to give free
rein to their rebelliousness with
out assuming tlie prime rcspon-
Restore Equal Rights Under The Law
inate. There are too many such
decisions. Merely to illustrate
just one area where the NLRB
has undertaken a freewheeling
operation which has no sanction
under the law, I refer to deci
sions in which the board has
heavily encroached on manage
ment's right to manage. This
line of decision holds that a
business enterprise must bar
gain, not alone on wages, hours,
and working conditions as the
statute specifies, but on a vari
ety of major economic business
judgments as well.
Through these cases the Labor
Board says, in effect, that man
agement may no longer make
its own decisions on the efficien
cy, competitiveness, or even
the very survival of its business,
that it may no longer make its
own decisions on the location of
facilities, on the future of tile
business, that, in fact, it may
no longer decide for itself wheth
er It will stay in business or
whether it will go out of busi
ness. This eye-opening NLRB doc
trine about management prerog
atives is but one of the latest of
a long line of extra-statutory
powers this board has arrogated
to itself.
It is obvious that corrective
action cannot longer be post
poned. Month by month, year by
year, the NLRB itself by its
own decisions has systematical
ly put Congress and the people
on notice that it is futile to en
tertain further hope of a reason
able coiuse in future board
decisions. The 25-year record of
performance by the NLRB in the
STRICTLY
PERSONAL.
ny SYDNEY J. HARRIS
sibility for their deeds; Ihe bold
leader is popular not because
they value him in himself in
the end they desert him but
because he embodies their re
pressions, and they are using
him more than he is using
them.
The fatal defect with most
flatterers is (hat they put so
much cheese in the trap that
there's no room left for the
mouse.
It is easier to respect a per
son w ho depreciates us than one
who wildly overestimates us:
the former can always be sur
prised xvlien xve turn out to be
better than he thought, but the
latter can only be disappointed
when we fail to live up to his
inflated estimate of us. i Wom
en, especially, have a secret con
tempt for Ihe men who overval
ue them, i
The finest test (or distinguish
ing true love from false was
most succinlly put by St. Au
gustine, when he said: "Love
slays what we have been that
we may be what we were not."
Almanac
Rv United Press International
Today is Friday, Oct. 25. the
2mh day of 1!U with ti? to fol
low. The moon is at first quarter.
The morning star is Jupiter.
The evening stars arc Jupiter
and Saturn.
On this day in history:
In 1R54. the "Charge ol the
Light Brigade" was made. Some
liTO men of an English light cav
alry brigade fighting in the Cri
mean War charged a heavily
protected Russian artillery post.
In HO. the Teapot Dome
scandals began lo unfold as Sen.
Thomas Walsh of Montana de
manded a public hearing on Ihe
Department of Interior's leasing
of two naval oil reserves to pri
vate corporations.
discharge of its judicial role tru
ly represents one of the most la
mentable episodes in the his
tory of American jurisprudence.
It has been my privilege to
serve on the Education and La
bor Committee of the House (or
more than 10 years. My studies
through those years have con
firmed grave doubts about the
capacity of the NLRB to dis
charge its duties with fairness
and impartiality.
However, this whole situation
can be remedied very easily.
Divest tlie National Labor Re
lations Board of its judicial func
tions. Try all unfair labor prac
tice cases before United States
district courts throughout the
country. Unfair labor practice
cases are primarily private law.
suits nothing more.
Limit the National Labor Re
lations Board in the future to
handling representative matters.
This would include the conduct
of employe elections. Do not per
mit this agency to investigate,
prosecute or adjudicate unfair
labor practice cases as it docs
today. Restrict this administra
tive agency to an administrative
job and restore a purely judi
cial function to the courts.
With the NLRB so restricted,
complaining parties xvould in the
future make their own investi
gations, furnish their own facts,
and present their own cases on
trial.
Should some litigants, particu
larly individual employes, be
unable to afford the costs of
handling their own cases, such
litigants should have the right
to have their local United States
WILLIAM
Viet
By WILLIAM S. WHITE
WASHINGTON - The grav
est of all tlie endless political
crises between the United
States Government and Ihe gov
ernment of South Viet Nam is
clearly looming ahead.
The small space of the com
ing month may xvell enclose
answers to the largest and most
somber questions: Will the most
effective military effort ever
made to halt creeping Commu
n i s t aggression in Southeast
Asia be allowed to go on to ul
timate success? Or will all the
sacrifice and fighting and the
dying of the joint American
Vietnamese military forces
against the Communist marau
ders be thrown away in some
final and convulsive failure In
reach some reasonable political
accommodation belween Wash
ington and Saigon?
Not since Ihe half - vic
tory - half - defeat of Korea
where tlie Truman Administra
tion fought a tragically too lim
ited war and the Eisenhower
Administration liquidated that
war on a settlement far too
generous lo other Communist
invaders has this country
faced graver decisions than
now.
For it is no longer possible to
doubt that while the military
program in ' South Viet Nam
slill goes surprisingly well, all
things considered, the diplomat
ic position is becoming so hope
lessly embittered as lo imperil
Ihe whole show.
In all these circumstances
those who concern themselves
so deeply with the ins and outs
of the current visit here of
Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu are en.
titled to pursue these excite
ments, if this is the measure of
their awareness of reality. 11 is
not against the law to center
upon the tiniest of irrelcvancies
in the middle of a struggle of
world-wide meaning, any more
lhan it was for so many Ameri
cans to debate w ith such pas
sion ' tlie exact rights and
wrongs of tlie military commis
sions given lo Franklin Roose
velt's sons at the onset of the
second World War.
11 is. however, surely some
thing of a mistake, if one may
rather understate the matter, lo
fix national attention on some
body's sister-in-law at a lime
when the issue is really not
how noble or nasty-tongued that
striking lady may be. Rather,
the bald issue is how and
whether the free world is to
lie able to hold something
called Southeast Asia.
One of the most powerful
men in South Viet Nam. Ngo
Dinh Nhu. has just publicly de
nounced the United States. Nhu
brotlier and adviser of South
Vietnamese President Diem and
husband of live famous Madame
Nhu has charged us with open
ing "a process of disintegration
in Viet Nam." And he has said
the Vietnamese people have
lost confidence in tlie United
States Government.
That these extraordinary ac
cusations are unfair and untrue
is not the point. The point is
thai, somehow or other, affairs
have been permitted lo reach
this incredible state belween
two governments militarily al
1 i e d in a war of resistance
against Communist aggressors.
Obviously, this sort of thing
cannot go on. Tlie Kennedy Ad
L. jsm
attorney present the cases for
them without cost.
Under present law, orders of
tlie NLRB are not sel(-enforcing.
On non . compliance the U.S.
Court of Appeals must be peti
tioned by the board for en
forcement. With cases tried in
district courts, court orders
would, of course, be automati
cally self-enforcing, with the
regular appellate procedure
available to all litigants.
Under present law, temporary
restraining orders are issued by
Ihe court only on petition of the
General Counsel of Ihe NLRB.
With cases tried in federal
courts, judges would have their
regular poxver to, grant appro
priate temporary relief pending
final disposition of any case.
Such injunctive relief could be
sought by union, employe, or
employer.
However, additional procedur
al safeguards should be provid
ed requiring, first, that the com
plaint must be under oath; sec
ond, that a public hearing be
held, at which testimony is tak
en to support the petition, with
opportunity for bolh to cross-examine
and present opposing tes
timony: and third, to support
any temporary restraining order
the court must find lal that the
unfair practice has been com
mitted and w ill continue unless
restrained; Ibi that substantial
and irreparable injury would fol
low; lei that greater injury
would flow from denying relief
than from granting it: and (d)
that there is no adequate reme
dy at law. All ex parte injunc
tions should be forbidden, any
S. WHITE .
Policies Disastrous
ministration endlessly howled
at here at home by quasi-paci-ficists
who can see nothing
good in "an undemocratic"
South Vietnamese regime, even
though it is doing a notable job
of killing armed and attacking
Communists has got into a box
from xvhich there is only one
exit. The United States Govern
ment must make up its mind
either to make a full and pa
t i e n t reconciliation with the
Diem regime, xvhatever its
faults, or in honest candor to
throw it out and put in another
which can carry on the xvar.
This halfway business we are
now in backing Diem militar
ily but conslantly biting at him
as "undemocratic" and flinch
ing like some affronted school
girl when some Diem or Nhu or
female Nhu blasts at us is far
EDSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) - Any
idea that the United Stales and
Soviet Russia will follow up a
w heat sale agreement xv i t h
greatly expanded trade on oth
er items overlooks the red tape
angle.
This is best understood by
taking into consideration all
the troubles the United Slates is
having in negotiations on new
trade agreements with friend
ly countries.
The Trade Expansion Act of
1982. xvhich was supixiscd to
facilitate this business, has now
been in effect a full year. So
far it hasn't reduced a single
tariff.
It will be another year at
least before any tariff reduc
tions can be negotiated w ith the
Europeans. Trying to cut t h e
Russians in on anything like this
as a favored nation xvould just
mess up xvorld trade hoplcssly.
The situation already is so
bad that the U.S. high tariff lob.
by is saying the act never
should have been passed.
But since the protectionists
opposed trade liberalization in
the first place, their new com
plaint serves to beat U.S. trade
czar Christian A. Herter oxer
Ihe head for doing something
Ihey never wanted him to do.
Neither Herter nor anyone
else could foresee the troubles
ahead when he took the job as
chief negotiator (or the Presi
dent under the Trade Expansion
Act.
The act was pegged principal
ly on admission of Great Brit
ain to tlie European Common
Market. When the French ve
toed that, everything had to be
reappraised for a new begin
ning. Here is where matters stand
now in five principal trade
areas:
On negotiating down-lo-zero
tariffs on products in which BO
per cent of the trade is between
Ihe United States and Common
Market counlries. Without Brit
ain's trade lo consider, this cat
restraining order being prohibit
ed unless there is notice and an
opportunity to be heard.
The laxv now empowers Ihe
NLRB to hear and decide juris
dictional disputes. This work is
essentially an administrative job
and should so rcmi.in, it not be
ing properly a d, action to be
assigned lo our courts.
But an unfair labor practice
charge growing out of any jur
isdictional strike or boycott
should be made subject to the
same redress in court as are all
other unfair labor practices.
This is a constructive
approach and will have far
reaching significance, not alone
in the handling of unfair labor
practice cases but in me contri
bution it will make to preserving
the cherished high standards of
American jurisprudence. It will
restore to all litigants in labor
cases plaintiffs and defendants
alike their right to equal jus
tice under the laxv.
I have introduced a bill em
bodying all of Ihese recommen
dations, H. R. 8246, and shall
press for early enactment of
this legislation. If you feel, as I
do, that in terms of the national
interest the NLRB has passed
the point of no return, with no
respect for the letter of the laxv
or the intent of Congress, then
you can help by writing yoSr
views to members of the House
of Representatives and espec
ially to members of the Com
mittee on Education and Labor.
It was your mail, telegrams and
telephone calls that helped bring
about the enactment of the Landrum-Griffin
Act.
xvorse than merely undignified.
It is going to lead to disaster
unless it is stopped. Since we
are not out there because we
love Diem and his family it
matters little xvhelher they love
us so long as we all carry on
the one proper mission, t h e
war itself.
We did not go there to make
certain that every single peas
ant has rural electrification
and Social Security by tomor
row morning. Therefore. Diem's
domestic shortcomings arc real
ly none of our business. If his
shortcomings are military in
nature or effect, let's get rid of
him and find somebody in his
place. But let's not, at a n y
rale, go on and on xvith this
transatlantic screaming malch
as though this xvere the most
important thing in the world.
Stymied Tariff Talks
Bar U.S. -Soviet Trade
egory is reduced to aircraft and
perfumes.
On other tariffs that could
be cut up to 50 per cent xvitliin
five years: Everything but pe
troleum is ruled out.
On culting tropical product
tariffs down lo zero: The Tariff
Commission is having trouble
defining just what tropical prod
ucts arc. Recently it xias stuck
on guava jelly.
On reducing In zero tariffs
that might lead lo increasing
American exports: Since French
President Do Gaulle blackballed
British membership, it has been
impossible to reach agreement
with tlie Common Market on a
single item.
On reducing barriers lo
trade other lhan tariffs: While
trade czar Christian Herter is
authorized lo negotiate on this,
lie doesn't know with xvhom he
can negotiate.
For Ihe treaty of Rome,
which set up the Common Mar
ket, authorized negotiations only
on tariffs not on quotas or oth
er trade barriers.
Progress on all these negotia
tions has been slowed down by
a nine-year-old U.S. law which
required reclassification and
simplification of all tariff sched
ules. This was completed on
Aug. 30 and is now in effect.
President Kennedy is ready to
announce a list of newly classi
fied items on which new rale
negotiations can begin under Ihe
General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade.
For six to eight months
American manufacturers and
other interested parties may
protest inclusion of their prod
ucts in GATT negotiations. But
after the Tariff Commission
hearings the President is autho
ived to issue the final list. Ne
gotiations may then begin.
This "Kennedy Round" of tar
iff negotiations is Scheduled to
begin May -t, 19M, in Geneva
but may haxe to be held in
abeyance until a U.N. confer
ence on World Trade runs Its
course. The latter, called at the
urging of Russia and some un
derdeveloped nations, gets un
der way in mid-March.