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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 1, 1963)
VAGI t A HERALD AND NEWS, Klamalh Falls. Oregon Sunday, September 1, 1963 EDSON IN WASHINGTON Purely Theoretical? Lodge In Political Hornet's Nest In Viet A Day Labor Day is such a familiar fixture on ; the national calendar that it is somewhat sur ; prising to realize it is one of our most recent '. holidays. ": True, the first Labor Day was held in ;New York City as far back as 1882, and by 1894 Congress had legalized the observance in the territories and District of Columbia. Yet only for the past 40 years have all the states officially observed it. Four decades is a short time in the life of a nation, even one so young as the United States. But Labor Day is firmly established as a national habit. Undoubtedly this is because the holiday has come to mark the end of summer in our minds, with schools starting up immediately afterward and families split up into their ; Various pursuits. :: It's the last holiday until Thanksgiving, :a long three-day weekend just made for a short trip or an outing, or perhaps it's an op portunity to finish those chores around the house that have been put off all summer.- This is so much the case that most of us never think of the original"reason for the day that It was established as a recogni tion of and tribute to the American laboring man. But though we still call it Labor Day, : it is no longer labor's day. Very few, even those of us who carry 'runion cards, will attend a labor rally today, j-few cities have parades any more. Yet at one .time, Labor Day was a magnet drawing folks ' downtown to the park to listen to the band and speeches and shoot off the fireworks left over from the Fourth of July. :' Those who have been advocating more : -efficient use of expensive schoolbuildings by "air conditioning them and converting them into year around usage might just have an .assist from the high school kids of today. : Indications are that more teen-agers arc going to school this summer. Nashville, Tcnn., is a city that can oile some figures. More than ; 9,000 are taking summer courses out of an renrollincnt of some 80,000. Approximately ; one-third are high school students. r; Summer classes have been looked upon mostly as "make-up" classes. Indications are that this isn't exactly true in the Tennessee city. Many of the students are taking subjects they were unable to work into their regular programs during the fall-winter terms. The result is that city officials in Nash ville are taking a new look, with emphasis on .the idea of operating schools on a 12-month basis. Mayor Beverly Briley has instituted a speed-up study of a 12-month program. There's a strong hunch that more high HOLMES By HOLMES ALEXANDER WASHINGTON D.C.-Sccrccy in Washington is never leak-proof, ;tut a reporter must satisfy his conscience that in revealing hush hush testimony he is not giving information to the enemy. With that restriction in mind, 1 think it enlightening to report the ten or of General LcMay's dialogue in his closed door session with the Preparedness Subcommittee. LcMuy and the other Joint Chiefs of Staff were called, sep arately and Individually to the ;Whitc House, a day or so alter ;tiic Moscow signing of the Nu clear Treaty. Tliey were told that -Oioir opinions on llie treaty must be based upon both military and "political considerations. The legal basis for asking military men to make political judgments lies in Chapter 5. paragraph 1)(8, of the fundamental Defense Depart ment statute and it reads: ". . . The Joint Chiefs shall . . . perform such oilier duties as the President or Secretary of De fense may prescribe." On this broad authority, LeMay was instructed to think political ly, but he was then turned over . to State Department briefers to be told what to tliink. He was told that among the major politi- ml results exccted to flow from the treaty were ( widening ' the Sino Soviet rill and (bi achieving a world-wide detente, or relaxation of tensions, be tween the USA ami the USSR. LeMay told the Preparedness Subcommittee that lie didn't be lieve either of these results would follow the treaty ratification. That is. he remained unconvinced by whatever proof the Stale De For All Americans On one hand, it is regrettable that the American scene Jias changed so much, that we tend nowadays to retreat from each other into our immediate families, that Labor Day has become a private public holiday. On the other hand, this change in Labor Day is part of the penalty of success for the labor movement and for America. With rec ognition of labor has come the loss of a cer tain militancy, a certain separateness from "other" Americans. No, Labor Day is no longer labor's day alone. It belongs to all Americans, for all of us are laborers in the sense that the work we do contributes to the country's strength. Perhaps the name "Labor Day" is a little anachronistic in 1963, almost a misnomer. The word "labor" is not quite broad enough to en compass the meaning the holiday has ac quired. It should have a name that tells the world just what free Americans have accom plished for the working man, what we have achieved in the way of the good things in life not just material comforts but the basic freedoms so much of the world has never known. The name for this day should tell the world how we honor the working, doing, ac complishing man by casually taking a day off from the routine, not by massing ranks of .uniformed lathe operators or high school ca dets and parading them in front of our "max imum leaders." Still, maybe we don't really need a new name for the holiday. We all know what La bor Day means. Let Them Go To School school students are attending classes this sum mer in other cities, too. The kids are think ing in terms of getting their education over with ns soon as possible. A vacationer return ing from a long trip said he was impressed at the sight of teen-agers headed for classrooms early in the summer mornings, rather than to playgrounds or just loafing away the lazy sum mer's day. With the hue and cry of school officials that more and more money is needed, the tax payer is beginning to question the sense of letting expensive buildings be idle the three months of summer. Air conditioning can make them as comfortable in July as in December. If the students themselves are showing an inclination riot to while away the summer months foolishly, then hooray for them. If they want to hurry up their education then let's let them. For those who do want a vacation, a staggered system can be worked out, if the school executives will stop thinking negatively and get on with it. ALEXANDER Military Opposes Treaty partment offered him. The Air Force Chief of Staff later told the Fullbright Committee in open hearing that, had the treaty not been already signed, he would have opposed it wholeheartedly ratlicr than accept it, as lie did, with misgivings. What misgivings? LeMay dis believes, as does Edward Teller. Secretary McNamara's stated optimism that the USA has nu clear superiority and can main tain it under the treaty. The Mc Namara opinion is not based on technical knowledge of Russian nuclear power. It is based on in telligence estimates. This means we take Die little thai is known about Russian discoveries and then extrapolate this material to reach some conclusions. When asked what if these conclusions were faulty in the wrong direc tion, the burly LeMay, with his expressive voice and manner said: "School's out!" Well, what are the chances that the intelligence estimates arc re liable enough to sustain lite risk that Russia may soon come up with a missile defense system which will make tlie I'SSK rcla-ti-ely impregnable to an Anicri c a n retaliatory attack? This same Stennis Preparedness Com mittee on May tl. 1963, Hiblished a document entitled "Investiga tion of the Preparedness Pro gram." While directed specifical ly to the Russian sneak occupa tion and fortification of Cuba, the Stennis Report does assess our intelligence estimating capacity as follows: "The deficiency in the perform ance of the intelligence commu nity appears to have been in the evaluation and assessment of ac cumulated data. .Moreover there seems to have been a disinclina tion on the part of the intelli gence community to accept and believe the ominous portent of the information which had been gath ered. "In addition, the intelligence people apparently invariably adopted the most optimistic esti mate possible with respect to the inlormation available. This is in sharp contrast to the customary military practice of emphasizing the worst situation which might be established by the accumula tion of the evidence." There, in brief, is why LeMay and others are skeptical of a trea ty which proposes a limited dis armament on the basis of intelli gence estimates. Our policy mak ers, on whom the President re lies, arc not good at "evaluation and assessment." They have a "disinclination ... to believe . . . tlie ominous portent." They adopt "the most optimistic estimate possible" and this habit is "in sharp contrast to Uie military practice." Underestimating the enemy is the cardinal sin in military strategy. When we did it last year, tlie Russians moved into Cuba in such force that we dare not try to dislodge tiiom. If e underestimate this year on th matter of Russia's nuclear po tential, "School's out!" That's the opinion, not of a newsman, but of our foremost military airman, tlcn. Curtis Le Moy, and of oilier military men wlm n loss outspoken. v. : ; If safe .- . . fe mr x mv :;. y-.r- I He oLUbAL VlbW By LEOX DENNEN Newspaper Enterprise Analyst NEW YORK IKEA' - Some thoughtful Asian diplomats won der if. the nuclear test ban agree ment between Russia and the West doesn't create the need for completely rethinking United States policies on such basic mat ters as: Admission of Red China into the United Nations. A "two-China" policy involv ing recognition of the Peiping as well as the Nationalist govern ments. Paradoxically, some of com munism's bitterest foes have been turning over such thoughts in their minds. This line of thinking is abso 1 u t e 1 y contrary to consistent American policy running through Republican and Democratic ad ministrations since 1949. Should it be given even casual examination now? To answer, it is necessary to trace this new thinking step by step. Step one: President Kennedy's advisers seem to have a simple approach to the Chinese problem. As they see it, the Russians have cut off their military and eco nomic aid to Peiping, are isolat ing Mao Tse-tung. The "extreme revolutionary" Chinese are now harmless according to this view. So Khrushchev proceeds to concentrate on peaceful coexis tence with the West. Administra tion advisers seem to believe we can turn this to our advantage. Step two: But is the Soviet premier, who hates Mao, right in thinking that Red China can he banished to utter darkness? Should the NATO nations accept Khrushchev's way of punishing Mao Tse-tung? Moscow's apparent concern is to maintain world peace or, at least, to save Russia from nu clear destruction and an unbear Letters To Prodded In a letter to the Herald and News a few monUis aao 1 took sharp issue with Frank Jenkins over one of his expressions, of his financial ideas. I've always been a little sorry 1 picked on him specifically. My criticism might better have been directed to the general economic policy of the paer. A column of his just happened to !x- the linal push that sent me to the typewriter. On (Ik whole, his writings give me a picture of him as a good neighbor, and a Iricnd to man kind as well as to his neighbors. So I'm glad that in his laid column on the lct ban treaty he has written something that seems to me so gixxl that I have to s.iy so. Ordinarily 1 distrust words like ' instinct" in connection with human affairs, but in suggesting tlie decision on (he treaty lie lelt to tlx' instinct of the people, he probably couldn't have chosen a In-lter one. Anything we do in volves risk; it's 3 matter of choosing tlie lesser one It brings back tlie memory ol the Hiroshima bomb. Immediately on hearing the news, nearly every body was struck with the iceliiig tluil the human race must change its ways. Is tlie treaty the occa sion to start to put tlie chaise into effect? Frank Jenkins has pickled me into action a second if '$.'.. ' Mi Mr:. ' 1'l'fi NewChina Policy Coming ably costly arms race. This should not obscure the fact that the Russians, for internal rea sons, have been extremely tough with the Chinese. Step three: It would be naive to assume that the Russians will be content with merely turning their back on the Chinese. Mos cow's quarantine of China is surely intended to bring about changes in Peiping's foreign pol icy or among Red China's top leaders or both. If a revolt against Mao's re gime started, say, in Manchuria or Sinkiang, with which the Rus sians have good connections, it would not be difficult for Khrush chev to find an excuse for armed intervention in China. Step four: Is the United States, then, prepared to help Khrush chevactively or passively to defeat the Chinese in order to make Russia master in Asia? Suppose tlie Chinese cannot be starved into submission. Might they not even as the Russians before them endanger world peace by embarking on new ad ventures? India, Formosa or Southeast Asia could be targets. Step five: Khrushchev and some of President Kennedy's ad visers may want to ignore the fact. But Mao Tse-tung derives his strength not solely from com munism, but also from the tre mendous upsurge of nationalism in the underdeveloped nations. He led a Communist revolution in China, but intrinsically he symbolized the convulsive Asian revolt against centuries of "white" including Russian domination. Mao Tse-tung. with or without nuclear weapons, will hardly re main inactive when he finds him self blockaded by the West in alliance with Russia. China be lieves she can sacrifice 2(10 mil lion people and still emerge vie- The Editor lime. I'm taking his advice and writing our senators. Hubert Hermlon, Box 522. Lakeview, Ore. BERRY'S WORLD 1 'mm r am 'Jt "Hou'd J on txer get booked into this deal Mr. Lodge ." torious in a nuclear war. Step six: The dimension of the Chinese problem will change even more dramatically once Mao Tse-tung acquires the abil ity to explode even a crude atom ic device. This will terrorize 100 million people of Southeast Asia. Step seven: The danger of Red China, then, is not remote but ever present. Unfortunately, no new or fresh ideas on the Chi nese problem are percolating in the Kennedy administration, so hypnotized are the President's advisers by the nuclear test ban treaty and by Khrushchev's peace pose. Step eight: Yet in the view of some specialists on communism, now is tlie time for the West to take advantage of the rift in the Red camp and start to negotiate with the Red Chinese. This can be done, among other tilings, by exploring Peiping's re cent proposal to world govern m e n t s, including the United States, for the convocation ol a nuclear disarmament conference in which Red China as well as Nationalist China would be rep resented. Klirushchev does not like this proposal since he has his own ac counts to settle with Mao. But why should the West play his game? Should the United States take another look at the idea of "Two Chinas" a Red China on the mainland and a Nationalist China on Formosa? Should the West agree to Mao's admission to membership in the United Na tions? Admittedly, these are contro versial issues. Tlie political risks involved in reopening tlie de bate on China have made Presi dent Kennedy reluctant to gener ate a search of new ideas. But socialists on communism warn that a delay until after the U.S. presidential election in 1M and until the Red Chinese de clare themselves a nuclear pow er will leave the West with hardly any room for diplomatic maneu ver. Should Russia and Red Chi na become reconciled, the West would be left in a most uncom fortable trap. By PETER EDSOX Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON t.NEA) - The only safe prediction to make now on troubled Viet Nam is that new United States ambassador, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., is going to find Southeast Asia politics even tough er than trying to beat the Ken nedy machine in Massachusetts. While Washington has con demned Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem's latest repres sive actions against the Buddhists, there is reluctance to abandon him to his many enemies. If his declaration of martial law does not prevent it, or if Diem himself is not overthrown by a coup before hand, Vict Nam is scheduled to elect a new one-chamber nation al assembly. There are 350 candidates for 123 seats. Eighty per cent of the candidates are said to be "inde pendents." Up to now, a big ma jority of the assembly has sup ported Diem and the National Revolutionary Movement he heads. The Buddhists have no political party of their own and no candi dates. But they have advocated boycotting the election, to show nonsupport of the Diem govern ment. The Communists, as tlie National Liberation Front, tried this tactic in 1961 but Jailed. Diem was overwhelmingly elect ed for a second five-year term as president, although when t h e French picked him to head a pro visional government in 1954, they said he would not last six months. Washington thought so, too. But he is now entering the 10th year in office. And the American position is that there is no better man in sight for the job. Whether Diem can complete his term ending in 11)66 is question able, however. For a coup is feared from any one or a com bination of the many elements op posing his regime. For one, Diem's principal advis er, his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu, heads a Revolutionary Workers Party and there are reports of a power grab on his part. It is Nhu's beauteous wife Mme. Nhu who is the principal mouthpiece WASHINGTON REPORT . . . House Members Seek Senate 'Promotion' By FL'LTON LEWIS JR. The late Sam Rayburn never had much use for those Congress men who used the House of Rep resentatives as a stepping stone to the Senate. The beloved Speaker made it crystal clear he would help any member. Republican or Dem ocrat, who had as his goal a ca reer in the House. "The House of Representa tives." he insisted, "is not the 'lower House,' as some have termed it. It is the co-equal House." Over the years many of Mr. Sam's charges took his advice. Powerful men such as Hale Boggs and Carl Albert and Howard Smith and Charles Halleck and Carl Vinson and Jerry Ford long ago decided to make the House their life work. Others John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nix on and John McClcllan and Ever ett Dirk-sen ignored the Speak er's words. Once again, many of Mr. Sam's boys will try to make llie big jump. New Mexico's Joe Mon toya will risk six years of Hou.se seniority in an attempt to un seat Republican Senator Ed Me chem. Ohio's Bob Taft . Jr.. elected Congrcssman-at-large last fall, w.ll almost certainly go for the Senate seat once held by his late great father. Four Indiana Congressmen are known to be flirting with a race for Democrat Vance Hartkes seat. They are Don Bruce. Ross Adair. Bill Bray and Richard ltoudebush. In Maryland. Democrats Rich ard Lankford and Carlton Sickles, are under consideration for tlie Senate seat now hold by the aging Republican, J. Glenn Beall. If Heail should not run. the nom ination could gn to GOP Repre sentative "Mac" Mathias. Tennessee's Bill Brock, a fresh man Republican elected in a smashing style last fall, may, too. seek a Senate seat. Two seals will be up Inr crabs next year, those of tlie late Estes Kefauver and the very mach alnc Albert Gore. New York Congressman S.im Stralton. a Democrat, is chomp ing at the bit. He'd loc to take on Republican Ken Keating. Penn syh ania Democrat William Moorelwad may tackle GOP Sen ator Huch Scott. Each of H.i wans two Congressmen would and cause of embarrassment. There are also socialist, demo cratic socialist and other splinter parties of opposition. The most active opponent, of course, is the Communist Viet Cong, recruited and supplied by North Viet Nam. fighting guerrilla warfare in scattered pockets all over the country. They tried to organize a revolt in 1959 but failed. They are still trying, first to neutralize the country, then to drive out what they call the "Unit ed States-Diem regime." Reunifi- cation with North Viet Nam under Ho Chi-minh is the ultimate aim. President Diem's non-Communist opponents are put in numer ous groups. Many of them are headed by former ministers of gov ernment whom Diem has fired as incompetents. In a second category are lead ers of militant sects that controlled private armies. When they lost their local power under Diem's nationalization program they fled tlie country. Some went to Cam bodia, some to Paris. From these points they propagandize against Diem and for their return. There arc some military leaders in exile backers of Col. Thi, who led his 500 paratroopers in a 1960 attack on the presidential palace. They were forced to flee by the loyally of the regular army. The military is still rated by American advisers as a good army, with increasing success over the last six months in fight ing the Viet Cong and defending the strategic villages where three fourths of the people live. Diem's greatest trouble comes from the Buddhists. Last May the government made the mistake of banning all flags except the na tional emblem, as part of a unifi cation program. In a protest dem onstration, eight Buddhists were killed by security forces. Buddhist protests have grown since and Mme. Nhu's comments made a bad situation worse. What the Buddhists want, in summary, is equal status with the Catholics. Diem has proposed new laws that would grant such rights. They will be taken up by the new National Assembly when it con venes Sept. 17. If he can stick it out till then, he has a chance. like to oppose incumbent Senator Hiram Fong, a Republican. Representatives Bill A very (Kansas', Charles Jonas (North Carolina) and Arch Moore (West Virginia) are talked of as gub ernatorial candidates. And roly poly Elmer Hoftman would like nothing better than to give up his House scat and run on the GOP ticket for Secretary of State in his native Illinois. Note: Congressmen contemplat ing a Senate race may consider what happened to those colleagues who tried to move up last year. New Hampshire's two Congress men, both Republicans, ran for the Senate and lost. Illinois' Sidney Yales gave up a safe Cook County seat to chal lenge GOP Senate Leader Everett Dirksen. The Democratic nominee was clobbered. Pennsylvania's Jim Var Zandt gave up years of seniority in a losing effort against Democrat Joe Clark. Connecticut Repre sentative Horace Seely - Brown lost his seat when he ran against Abe Ribicoff for the Senate. Utah Democrat David King tried for the Senate seat his fath er once held. Incumbent Wallace Bennett won easily. Only Peter Dominick. Colorado Republican, successfully made the jump from House to Senate. South Dakota's George McGov ern gave up his House seat in 1960 to run unsuccessfully for the Senate. He won last fall on his second trv. Al manac By United Press International Today is Sunday. Sept. 1, the 244th day of 1963 with 121 to fol low. The moon is approaching full phase. The morning star is Jupiter. The evening stars are Mais and Saturn. On this day m history: In 1807. Aaron Burr was ac quitted of treason in Richmond, Va. In 1878. tlie first woman tele phone oieralor was hired in Bos ton. In 19:3. New York City's Mayor. Jimmy Walker, resigned after an investigation of corrup tion by the Seaburv committee. In 19.19. World War II broke out jg Gerr.iany invaded Poland.
