PAGE
HERALD AND NEWS. Klamath Falls. Ore.
Monday, July 21, 1963
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . .
Peace Corps Having
Starting Gun
'i&riaL (paqsL
Our Uncle, The Publishei
Nine score and seven years ago our fa
thers brought forth on this continent a new
publishing house that, in 1903, fiercely turns,
out more reading material than any other pub
lisher in the world. Thousands upon thou
sands of books, magazines and pamphlets arc
regularly printed by the U.S. Government
and they bear upon most of the subjects that
have, since Adam, engaged the attention of
man.
The taxpayers who pay for this enter
prise may be interested in, or merely dis
couraged by, a revised edition of W. Phillip
Leidy's "A Popular Guide to Government
Publications." Mr. Leidy's book doesn't list
all the Government publications indeed such
a volume might be beyond the powers of one
man, or even one bindery. Published (no, not
by the Government) by Columbia University
Press and for sale at $7.50 a copy, the book
lists' only the 2,000 publications most likely
to interest the average American.
j;Some of the topics ("Sphagnum Moss for
Platit Propagation") are apparently aimed at
a jjlrrow audience. But the titles do occa
sionally commend themselves to a wider public.:-
- Nostalgic politicians, for instance, might
find inspiration in an 18-page wood-preserving
tract called "Making Log Cabins Endure."
To help the Interstate Commerce Com
mission formulate modern policy there is "The
Fiijst Quarter-Century of Steam Locomatives
in Jorth America."
; Students of Congressional oratory will
be happy to pay five cents for the Agriculture
Department's pest-control pamphlet, "Old
House Borer."
The Veterans Administration offers a
pamphlet for secretaries that sounds as if it
were written by a President too-often frus
trated by Congress: "Dictating Is an Easier
Way."
Although it's put out by the Bureau of
Ships, a $1.25 manual entitled "Handbook of
Cleaning Practices" could as easily be the
work of the Internal Revenue Service.
While most of the Government's publica
tions seem to be aimed at the average citi
zen, with perhaps special emphasis on the
farmer, there is plenty of good reading avail
able for the businessman. The Small Busi
ness Administration, for instance, distributes
such monographs as "Managing Women Em
ployes in the Small Business," and "Noise Re
duction in the Small Shop." There may be a
redundancy here.
The range of subjects in which the Gov
ernment is expert is truly amazing and, al
though some people may doubt that the
Founding Fathers had a gigantic' publishing
house in mind when they met in Philadelphia,
it must be conceded that there is something
for everybody on the Government's shelves.
Have you wondered who really put Eve
up to her trick on Adam? Well, the Agri
culture Department offers a leaflet entitled, '
"Apples in Appealing Ways."
The author, perhaps significantly, is not
given.
Bible Reading Is Booming.
; With the Bible so much in the news
thfese days, the report of the American Bible
Sotiety for the year just ended is of special
interest. Distribution of Bibles increased 31
per cent during the period, the Society re
ported. The upsurge in Bible reading came
from every part of the globe, and even be
hind communism's iron curtain.
During the year the scriptures were
translated into 22 new languages, including
the Rincon dialect of Zapotcc, spoken only
by a handful of Mexican Indians. The Bible
is now available in 1,200 languages and dia
lects. In the United States 14,590,751 copies
were circulated, an increase of 15 per cent.
It has been stated that 175,000 went to Cu
ban refugees in the Miami area.
In its 157 years of activity, the American
Bible Society never had such a busy year.
Bible reading is not going out of fashion.
The latest report of these dedicated to its
dissemination shows again that it is the eter
nal best seller.
HOLMES ALEXANDER
Clay Doctrine Opposed
By HOLMES ALEXANDER
Foreign Aid, as General Lucius
. Clay heard several times in his
recent appearance before the Sen
ate Foreign Relations Committee,
is no longer a sacrosanct subject
among internationalists and this
is principally owing to Clay's bill
liadt analysis In his capacity as
chairman of the President's Com
mittee to Strengthen the Security
of the Free World.
Next to Clay, the person most
responsible for removing Foreign
Aid, from the status of being
largely abovo friendly criticism
and hence beyond radical im
provement has been Senator
Frank Lauschc of Ohio. Lausche,
more than anybody else, has per
ceived and proclaimed that the
kernel of tlie Clay Report lies In
a single passage. Let us call it
the? Clay Doctrine. The passage
reads:
'k . . tho United Stales should
nofaid a foreign government in
projects establishing government
owned industries and commercial
enterprises which compete with
existing private endeavors."
The Clay Doctrine Is opposed
by the President and Hie Secre
tary of SUite, but Is apparently
favored by a majority of the For
eign Relations Committee. An
amendment to tlie Foreign Aid
bill, embodying the Clay Doctrine,
would mean that every loan and
grant to any foreign country for
economic development would go
directly into that country's pri
vate enterprise system. Converse
ly ,iio loan or grant would go to
a ibcialized or nationalized sys
tem, of any foreign nation.
Senator Lausche's contribution
is that he has named some names,
whereas General Clay wrote only
on the abstract principle. The
Clay Doctrine begins to mean
something when we consider
Lausche's two examples of its
proper application.
1. No Aid To Yugoslavia: This
Communist country and its dic
tator arc annually olfered as an
Honorable Exception in the Cold
War against World Communism.
Til reason always given is that
more than a decaclo ago Tito
brtjke from tlie Stalinist satellite
syirtem, and established a national
Communist state. Liberal sena
tors, including J. F. Kennedy,
have argued many times that Tito
should be given American aid in
order to wean him further from
the Red bloc.
But Lausche brought into com
mittee tho other day, and later
loaned to me, a translation of a
32-pago statement by Tito on
"current international questions
and tasks ... in tho struggle for
peace and socialism." Nowhere
dues Tito speak a word of grati
tude to the United States, or
show the slightest tolerance for
capitalism in other countries. On
I lie contrary, he hails the Rus
sian, Chinese and Yugoslavian so
cialist revolutions as "inextricably
bound up" with the cause of
peace. He defines peace as a
world made safe, and virtually
unanimous, for Communism.
Under Lausche's illustrated in
terpretation of tho Clay Doctrine,
there would be no further question
of American aid to any Commu
nist country, however marginally
independent.
2. No Aid To India's Socialized
Steel Plant: Lauschc also brought
to tho committee, and loaned to
me, a synopsis of a feasibility
study of tlie proposed nationalized
Ilokara steel mill in India. The
study, made by the U.S. Steel
Corp., for the Agency for Inter
national Development (A I D
shows that, although India has
a gaping steel shortage, the exist
ing steel mills in I n d 1 a are
generally running at less than
capacity. They lack raw materials,
transportation, water and skilled
labor. The Kennedy Administra
tion has approved, in principle,
the idea of a Foreign Aid loan
of $'.W0 million to put an Indian
nationalized plant in competition
with existing private endeavor.
Such a plan would be automat
ically outlawed by the Clay Doc
trine, regardless of India's pleas
and needs. And the unyielding re
fusal to subsidize socialized indus
triesno mutter how appealing
any individual case would apply
everywhere, including Latin Amer
ica. Up till tills year, it was never
quite respectable fur internationalist-minded
statesmen in Con
gress to put any truly restrain
ing hobbles on Foreign Aid. But
the Clay Report has changed that.
We may get a Lausche type
amendment which will make For
eign Aid a potent instrument for
combating socialism and Commu
nism, not just militarily, but in
llieir basic anti-capitalist aspects.
BERRY'S WORLD
iTiliTil
.Ml
'AV
IN WASHINGTON . . .
Rockefeller Attacks GOP
"You'd b 'Worry Tart,' too if you utrt
ovtrmformtJl"
By RALPH dc TOLEDANO
It was just a few months ago
that Gov. Nelson Rockefeller was
wooing Republican conservatives
and plighting his troth with their
principles. His sudden turnabout,
in which he seems to erase all
distinctions between conservatives
and "radical right" extremists,
has left many Republican politi
cians somewhat aghast. For to
them. Rockefeller's onslaught can
only be harmful to the Republi
can Parly. It is stated in terms,
moreover, which put the gover
nor in the same camp as Ameri
cans for Democratic Action, tlie
leftwing of tho AFL-CIO. and
the ideological doctrinaires of tho
Democratic National Committee.
No matter how much Rockefel
ler may plead that he was only
attacking the "extremists" who
have allegedly fastened them
selves to Sen. Barry Goldwater's
coattails, the net effect is to class
ify all conservatives as part of a
subversive lunatic fringe. The
Rockefeller statement that this
right wing is as dangerous as the
radical left which could include
Communists will anger many
Americans. They know that an
international conspiracy with all
the resources of the Soviet Un
ion at its back can hardly be
equated with the several thou
sand members of the John Birch
Society who (whatever one may
think of them I arc not the arm
of a hostile foreign power.
The question remains: Why did
Nelson Rockefeller lash out with
such violence at the conservative
movement'.' There is more than
one sol of motivations.
Foremost among these was tlie
advice of those who surround
him and develop his public rela
tions. They have been warning
him that he must do "something
dramatic" to re-inject himself in
the Presidential race. The effects
of his re-marriage would then be
forgotten in tlie ensuing contro
versy. And since many of the gov
ernor's advisers are former Dem
ocrats or "never Republicans."
Almanac
By United Press International
Today is Monday, July 22, the
203rd day of lata with 162 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
first quarter.
The morning stars arc Jupiter
and Saturn.
The evening star is Mars.
On this day in history:
In IBM. Union troops under the
command of Gen. William Sher
man won the first battle of At
lanta. In 1933. Wiley Post completed
the first solo flight around tlie
world.
In 1934, FBI agen'.s shot and
killed John Dillinger us he left a
Chicago theater.
In 1937. President Franklin
Roosevelt's plan to enlarge the
Supreme Court was defeated by
the Senate.
A thought for tlie day English
author Ford Madox Ford said:
"Only two classes of books are
of universal appeal: The very best
and the very worst."
tlie form of this grandstand play
almost dictated itself.
At the same time, Governor
Rockefeller has always had a
somewhat exalted view of his
position within the Republican
, Party. It may be recalled that
in' 1960, he was scolding the GOP
and its candidates in terms which
hurt the party badly. Like Wen
dell Willkie, the governor sees it
as his role to keep tlie Republi
can Party in line his line, at
any rate no matter what tlie
consequences. Intimates have
noted his penchant (or unsub
stantiated enthusiasms and have
deplored h i s "arrogance of
wealth."
Some analysts, who subscribe
to tlie theory that Rockefeller's
blast was simply a stratcgem or
rule or ruin, believe that the
thinking behind it and its timing
follow these lines: A. He cannot
get the nomination in 1964. B. If
Senator Goldwater gets it, that
will be the complete end of Rock
efeller's chances, il only because
control of the GOP would move
effectively out of the hands of
the Eastern wing. C. By tlie kind
of statement on conservatism he
made, he can conceivably cause
such a conflict within the GOP
that Goldwater will be stopped.
D. This w ill allow Rockefeller to
fight another day, namely in 1968.
The probability is that every
one of these factors figured in
the decision. Tlie Rockefeller
statement was not a sudden aber
ration but carefully planned. How
ever, it will leave very deep
wounds in the Republican Party.
And in the long run, it may hurt
the fortunes of every New York
Republican. For example. Sen.
Kenneth Keating, who will have
a difficult time at best being re
elected, has thrown in his lot with
Governor Rockefeller. This could
mean defeat for him when he
runs again. The young Conserva
tive Party will now undoubtedly
field a candidate against him
and this may deprive him of the
margin of victory.
But worst of all, Governor Rock
efeller seems to be forcing a
choice on all conservatives: Ei
ther you accept my views and
give up your principles or I will
denounce you as racist. He may
succeed in frightening some con
servatives out of the Goldwater
camp, but they will not wander
into his. Without their unstinting
help, as Richard Nixon discov
ered in 1960, no Republican has a
prayer to make it to the White
House. And Uiose who are not
stampeded will fight for Senator
Goldwater with redoubled ener
gies. In short, Nelson Rockefeller has
opened a political Pandora's box.
When the GOP meets in San
Francisco in 1964, the country will
know who was most badly stung
by the angry insects Rockefeller
or Goldwater.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
"It's a hard thing to say about
anyone, especially your own son,"
remarked tlie woman, "but 1
strongly suspect that Bill has to
get a bad marriage out of his
system."
She was talking about her 20-year-old
boy. wlio is restless and
troubled and lost, like so many
of his conlemporaries. And she
was wise enough, or accepting
enough, to recognize that the way
he would probably act out h i s
problems would be by making
a bad and impulsive marriage.
W illiam James, in one of his
books, speaks of the "once-born"
and the "l ice-born.", The once
born he defined as those who
early in life know who they are,
what they need, and where they
want to go. These are rare and
fortunate souls.
The twice-born are tliosc who,
some time in later life, have to
shod their skins like a snake and
become in a way reborn. T h c r
search for identity and stability
is otten painful and punishing, to
themselves and to otliers. These
are tlie ones who cannot learn
without suffering and sometimes
not even then.
One of tlie most discouraging
aspects of personal lite is tliat
even misfortune does not correct
our faults. What most of us learn
from one kind of mistake is to
make tlie opposite mistake.
It may be true that tlie boy,
like many otliers of his age and
sort, "has to get a bad mar
riage out of his system." The
tragedy is Uiat he thereby gels
it ir.li somebody else's system
and like a combination shot at
billiards, the IjalU keep caroming
one another cntil the whole "ta
ble" of modern matrimony is
quivering with vibrations of in
security. Unfortunately, for every one
person who genuinely learns
something about himself and his
legitimate needs from a bad mar
riage, a dozen catapult promptly
into a different kind of bad mar
riage. And since the disturbed
personality has conflicting needs
that cannot be reconciled on the
level of reality, "experience" does
little but deepen discontent and
despair.
Tilings do not "get out" of our
system simply by living and mak
ing mistakes: if tliey did. the per
son who made tlie most mistakes
would be tlie wisest eventually,
whk-h is not tlie case. Our ac
tions are symptoms, and many
go through a lifetime merely ex
dunging one set ol symptoms for
another, without ever probing ef
fectively to the basic ailment.
Tlie mother, as I said, was
more understanding than most
but a dozen years too late. Bill's
system should have been re
checked long before the need for
a "bad marriage" crept into it.
We give our cars more careful
scrutiny than our children, who
can't be traded in.
imM Trouble
In
Capito
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON ( NEA Planned
enlargement of the U.S. Peace
Corps from 7,000 to 13.000 volun
teers overseas in the next year
is probably going to be approved
by Congress eventually.
But right now, the New Fron
tier's most successful two-year-old
experiment is having more
troubk s in Washington than
abroad.
If President Kennedy's request
for an increase in the Peace
Corps budget from $59 million
last year to $108 million this
year had gone to Congress as a
separate bill, it would have sailed
through with almost no opposi
tion. But the Peace Corps appropria
tion is part seven of the eight
part foreign aid bill which Con
gress wants to cut by $300 million
to $400 million.
Psychologically, congressmen
find it inconsistent to cut the
other seven items, then turn
around and give the Peace Corps
more funds.
The Peace Corps also has be
come confused in some people's
minds with the proposal to create
a Youth Conservation Corps, a
National Service Corps which has
been described as a domestic
Peace Corps, and the Home Town
Service Corps.
The three are parts of Kennedy's
youth employment program, which
has run into considerable con
gressional opposition.
The real Peace Corps suffers
by association with these new
proposals, although they're in no
way related.
Finally, the U.S. Peace Corps
has taken a beating in Washing
ton because it had been accused
of promoting an International
Peace Corps. They're two dif
ferent things.
Richard N. Goodwin, former
White House and State Depart
ment Latin American adviser,
has been assigned to head up an
International Peace Corps secre
tariat. This unit rents space in the
Peace Corps building in Wash
ington. But its job is to pass
along information about the U.S.
Peace Corps to other countries
which may be interested in setting
up similar organizations of their
own.
Thirteen countries expressed
such interest at a Puerto Rico
conference earlier this year. Sev
en European countries already
have organized Peace Corps. And
Israel Peace Corpsmen will take
over a road-building program in
Tanganyika, where 35 young
American Civil engineers have
completed two years' service.
Sargent Shriver Jr., U.S. Peace
Corps director, says the United
States can't begin to fill the world
wide demand for this type of
technical assistance.
Shriver estimates the total at
50.000.
There just aren't that many
young Americans volunteering to
serve.
The Peace Corps now has a
file of 3.000 applications. Exam
inations for corpsmen will be held
in 800 U.S. post offices July 20.
These exams are not just for
youngsters out of college, but
there is a demand for hundreds
of senior corpsmen older peo
ple with more experience.
So rigid are Peace Corps re
quirements, however, that only
one out of every six applicants
is accepted for training. The Peace
Corps will fill only 6,000 new
jobs next year.
The corps' largest project took
500 U.S. teachers to the Philip
pine Islands, each to upgrade the
work of 20 native teachers. In
training are 150 more U.S. corps
men for the Philippines, but the
government wants 600.
Such stories can be repeated in
nearly 50 countries. This is per
haps the best measure of Peace
Corps success in it first two years
of operation.
WASHINGTON REPORT . .
State Department
Disregards Advice
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Ghana's :Kwame Nkrumah, a
self-deified Prime Minister - for
Life, who two years ago abol
ished freedom of the p r e s s,
might teach the St;tte Depart
ment a thing or two about "man
aged news."
Just might.
For Department spokesmen
were something less than candid
last week when they rushed to the
defense of President Nkrumah,
subject of a 165-page report by
the Senate Internal Security Sub
committee. Ghana's president was described
by Sen. Tom Dodd, acting sub
committee chairman, as a dedi
cated Marxist who has set up
on the West Coast of Africa the
continent's first Soviet satellite.
Absurd, said the State Depart
ment: "In international affairs
the government of Ghana follows
a policy which it describes as
one of positive neutralism and in
furtherance of this policy has
established relations with both
the Western and East-bloc coun
tries. Ghana has not aligned it
self with either grouping." ,
A far different story was told
by Slate Department intelligence
experts in a comprehensive report
drafted earlier this year.
"Communist influence," that
report w arned, "is strong in
iNkrumah's' Convention People's
Party, the Ghana Trade Union
Congress, youth organizations and
tlie press." It continued:
"This influence is enhanced by
the close relations between Ghana
and the Communist stales and by
the important role played by
left-leaning radicals witiun the
ruling Convention People's Party
and the government. An estimat
ed 500 Ghanaians are studying
in the Communist orbit. There
are a larger number of visits
than before of Ghanaians to the
Communist states and of Com
munist personnel to Ghana. In
July (lie Lenin Peace price was
conferred on Nkrumah."
Nkrumah who received $130
million in U.S. foreign aid last
year has a long history of pro
Communist activity. As a student
at Lincoln University in this
country, he associated with Com
munist Party members as he lat
er did in Great Britain.
It was there he founded a se
cret organization known as "The
Circle." composed of persons
"who are trained and engaged in
political revolution as a profes
sion." to serve as the "vanguard
for tlie creation and maintenance
of the Union of African Socialist
Republics."
A British Commission of In
quiry set up to investigate 1948
disturbances in Ghana (then the
Gold Coast reported:
"Mr. Nkrumah has never aban
doned his aims for a Union of
African Soviet Socialist Republics ,
and has not abandoned his for
eign affiliations connected with
these aims."
A witness before tlie Dodd
subcommittee was Dr. K. A. Bu
sia, a world-renowned sociologist
who was run out of Ghana for
opposition to Nkrumah's one-man
rule. Dr. Busia entered in the
record a 1957 report of the Cen
tral Committee, Communist Par
ty of West Africa.
The document contains specific
instructions for all members of
the Communist Party to go un
derground. There is a reference
to Nkrumah as a comrade who
"surfaced too soon," who revealed
his party leanings at too early a
date.
When Ghana became independ
ent in 1957 and Nkrumah its first
prime minister, among those in
vited as official guests of the
new government were British
born Cedric Belfrage, deported by
this country on grounds of Com
munist Party membership; and
Cheddi Jagari, who would later,
as prime minister of British
Guiana, reveal that he was a
Communist.
Nkrumah invited to Ghana for
the remaining years of his
lile W. E. B. DuBois, the Ameri
can Communist, who has urged
his countrymen to "join the So
viet Union and China and uslier
in a new world."
Under Nkrumah's direction,
Ghana has become the focal point
for Soviet subversion in Africa.
"Like Castro's Cuba," says Sena
tor Dodd. "it carries on a prop
aganda campaign that would tax
the resources of a major coun
try. It trains natives of other
countries in the arts of infiltra
tion, sabotage, terror and guerril
la warfare. It exports arms by
clandestine means to the terrorist
groups in other countries which it
has fostered and today supports."
On the morning of Jan. 13,
19K3, one of Africa's leading
statesmen. Togo Republic Presi
dent Sylvanus Olympin was shot
to death in the streets of Lome.
A few hours later, his sclf-advcr-tised
assassins asked for and got
-immediate support from Nkru
mah's Ghana.
THEY
SAY...
This is going to be ... the
general pattern from here on out
. . . constant stories of Russians
in the air.
Sen. Clinton P. Anderson,
chairman. Senate Space Commit
Ire, on Russian double space ip.
Macular.