PAGE I
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falli, Oregon
Sunday, July 14, 196J
"Could Be We Tip the Thing the Wrong Way',"
NOTHING
SPECIAL
IW. B. S.I
Q
The
It is a pretty common view today that
the gravest threat of communism is in Latin
America, which is struggling against time and
a swiftly rising population to lift itself out
of poverty. ,
This peril colors everything the free
world does to help the Latin lands. No one
knows how long these nations may avoid the
advertised lure of communism if they find
progress under the free system continually
slow and frustrating.
Yet there is a kind of tragic humor
underlying this very dangerous situation. For
the examples of communism at work in the
world make it stunningly clear that commu
nism is absolutely barren of solutions to the
great economic problems.
The Latin countries are not so generally
agricultural as is often thought. Some have
strongly urbanized populations. But most have
been heavily dependent upon agricultural
products. And this, as Russia and Red China
dramatically emphasize, is the area of great
est Communist failure economically.
The unravelled state of Cuba's economy
under Communist rule is an example for Latin
America close to home. Life under Fidel Cas
tro is a pitiful shadow of what it was before.
We never get, of course, the full story of
economic activity in the Iron Curtain nations
and in Communist countries of Asia outside
China. But we hear enough to know that
Bear
' (Norfolk, Neb., Daily News)
It is every native-born American's right
to make a try for the presidency of the United
States. And just as if to test the validity of
that point, Harold E. Stassen is said to have
announced that he would be a candidate in
the New Hampshire presidential primary.
If all goes well in New Hampshire, Mr.
Stassen is reported as having said, he would
be in other state primary contests.
Defeated in his bid for the same nomina
tion when his popularity and fame in Minne
sota as one of the nation's most youthful and
Administration's Rights Bill
By ARTHUR KROCK
(In The New York Times)
The 13th Amendment to the Con
stitution has had virtually no pub
licity in the dispute in Congress
over that part of the Adminis
tration's equal rights bill that
would forbid private owner of
"places of public accommoda
. lion" to deny their facilities to
anyone because of his racial ori
gin. One center of the dispute
is on the choice by the Adminis
tration of the Interstate Com
merce Clause instead of the 14lh
Amendment as the constitutional
basis of the proposed ban.
Yet the Supreme Court deci
sion of 1883 tiint influenced this
choice, though the ruling pivoted
on the anti-discrimination powers
granted to Congress by the 14th
Amendment, was deeply founded
on an interpretation of Uic 13th as
withholding these powers where
private property is involved. This
interpretation was tlie bone of
contention between Justice Brad
ley, who wrote the majority
opinion, ' and Justice Harlan
(grandfather of the present Jus
tice of that name), who was the
lone dissenter.
The court's language, in reject
ing the claim that the Nth Amend
ment as a supplement to tlie 13th
provided Congress with anti-discrimination
powers over private
proDcrty facilities, was so posi
tive that to this has been attrib
uted tlie Administration's choice
of a different legislative c h a 1
lenge. That may have been the
controlling reason, even though
the decision was written 80 years
ago and tlie current Supreme
Court has read into tlie 14th man
dales against forms of diserim-
Almanac
By United Press International
Today is Sunday, July 14, the
11)51 h day of 1963 with 170 to
follow.
The moon is in its last quarter.
The morning stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
Tlie evening slar is Mars.
On this day in history:
In 171)8, Congress passed the
Sedition Act which made it
crimo to publish any "false,
scandalous or malicious" writing
against the government.
A thought for the day Philoso
pher, Thomas Mann, said, "Time
cools, time clarifies; no mood
can be maintained quite unaltered
through the course of hours."
Great Latin
For Punishment
ination not previously visible to
the federal judiciary.
High Visibility
But they had high visibility to
tlie dissenter, Justice Harlan, in
1883. And critics of tlie Adminis
tration's resort to the Interstate
Commerce Clause, citing the
many dissents, including Justice
Harlan's, involving the 14th
Amendment Uiat have become the
opinions of the majority with the
passage of time, are asserting
tliat only on 1964 political con
siderations can be explained the
choice of wliat they describe as
an expedient device of dubious
legality. If, they contend, the
Administration is sincere in the
position that any discrimination
raises a moral as well as a legal
issue, the way to prove sincerity
is to found (lie ban on tlie 14lh
Amendment, which would cover
tlie "Mrs. Murphys," who have
many voles, as well as tlie Con
rad I liltons.
Some extracts from Justice
Bradley's decision lor the court
and Justice Harlan's dissent in
1883 cast a bright light of long
ago on all aspects of Uie current
legal and political controversy.
They explain why those drafters
of Hie Administration's bill who
were thinking us lawyers, and
not as politicians, argued that to
base it on the 14lh Amendment
was a huge risk, even in the cur
rent Supreme Court. They il
luminate Uie conllicting and en
during concepts of Uie limits of
discretionary use of private prop
erty. And they reveal the for
gotten role in the controversy of
tlie 13th Amendment.
At issue were the sections of
the Civil Rights Act of 1875 that
forbade denial of Ihe facilities of
privately owned places of public
accommodation because of "the
particular race or color, or pre
vious condition of servitude." of
any who sought tliem. Justice
Bradley declared that the 14th
Amendment prohibited only "st;'fc
action of this cliarac-tor."
I'ower of Congress
"Individual Invasion of individ
ual rights (he wrote) is not its
subject matter. . . . Tlie assump
tion tlut it is. Is repugnant to
tlie loth Amendment. . . .
"But tlie power of Congress to
adopt direct and primary, as dis
tinguished from corrective, legis
lation on tlie subject in hand is
souglit, in tlvc second place, Irom
tlie 13th Amendment, which abol
ishes slavery. . . . Conced ng . . .
that Congress has a right to enact
all necessary and proper laws for
tlie obliteration and prevention of
slavery, with all its badges and
incidents, is it also true Ui.it
Lack
things are never better than occasionally
good.
Not only do the economics of these lands
not flourish, but the Moscow and Peking re
gimes milk their satellites with ruthless effi
ciency. Perhaps our Latin neighbors do not rea
lize it, but the appeal of communism for some
of them as for others around the globe
is the appeal of "something for nothing."
The gullible who are ready to embrace this
system are looking for shortcuts to salvation
and prosperity.
Of course there are none. The living
experience of every Communist-controlled
nation on earth is proof of it.
What the Latin peoples must rely upon
in the end is themselves. Their problem is not
that aid from free lands does not work, but
that they do not work. This does not mean
they do not labor for bread. It means they do
not attack their own problems with force and
vigor, do not develop strong, effective leader
ship, do not dedicate themselves to the nation
al proposition that their programs of eco
nomic uplift education and improvement must
take priority over everything else they do.
If every Latin nation had a leader of the
quality and spirit and determination of .
Puerto Rico's Gov. Luis Munoz Marin, the
peril of communism would be pushed far
back. For its emptiness as a way of life would
be sharply exposed in contrast.
outstanding governors carried him into con
tention in 1948 and to a lesser degree in 1952,
he was discredited by the GOP because of his
"dump Nixon" movement in 1956.
That was followed by unsuccessful bids
for governor of Pennsylvania and mayor of
Philadelphia.
While his seeking of political support
now seems a little ridiculous, there has to
be something akin to admiration for the cour
age of a man never willing to admit defeat
and seemingly eager to get his political nose
bloodied whenever opportunity arises.
Contested
the denial of any person of ad
mission to tlie accommodations
and privileges of an inn (etc.)
. . . does subject that person to
any form of servitude, or tend
to fasten Uion him any badge
of slavery? If It does not, then
power to pass tlie law is not found
in the 13th Amendment. . . .
". . . We are forced to the
conclusion that such an act of
refusal has nothing to do with
slavery or involuntary servi
tude. ... No countenance of au
thority for tlie passage of the law
in question can be found in cither
tlie 13th or 14th Amendments,
and, no other authority . . . being
suggested, it must necessarily be
declared void. . . ."
But to Justice Harlan these
grounds of decision were "entire
ly too narrow and artificial."
They did not, he wrote, give "full
effect to the intent" of tlie amend
ments, singly or in combination,
"I do not contend that the 1,1th
Amendment invests Congress with
authority by legislation, to define
and regulate the entire body of
civil rights which citizens enjoy,
or may enjoy, in the several
states. But
"Since slavery was the moving
and principal cause of the adop
tion of that amendment, and since
that institution rested wholly upon
the inferiority, as a race, of those
held in bondage, their freedom
from, and protection against, all
discrimination against them he
cause of their race, in respect of
such civil rights as belong to
the freemen of other races. . . .
Subject Matter of Ijiw
"If the constitutional amend
ments lie entorccd. according to
the intent with which 1 conceive
they were adopted, there cannot
lie ill this Republic any class of
human beings in practical sub
jection to another class, with (low
er of tlie latter to dole out to
the former just such privileges as
tlicy may choose to grant."
The immediate reference was to
tlie subject matter of Ihe laws ill
question the use of privately
owned facilities of public accom
modation. In view of tlie recent affirma
tions of old dissents in this area of
tlie law. Justice Harlan's in 1883
would seem to have had a promis
ing legal future as tlie basis of the
Administration's IW3 bill, and
been consistent as well with its
claim ot a "moral'' obligation
i which inherently is applicable to
all i. Since it is most probable that
tills part of tlie measure w ill fail
of passage anyhow, tlie basis tlwit
was rejected might also have
been proved to be sounder politics.
EDSON
Auto
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA)-It's al
most axiomatic now that when
the automobile business in Amer
ica is good, all business is good.
If this sounds a little like,
"What's good for General Mo
tors is good for America," may
he there's something to it after
all.
Anyway, 14 per cent ot the
American labor force is em
ployed directly in the manufac
ture and sale or indirectly in
the supply, servicing and repair
of automobiles and trucks. So it
is now the No. 1 business barom
eter, ahead of steel.
"The automobile industry now
has so many favorable factors
working for it." says Robert J.
Eggert, marketing research man
ager for Ford Motor Company,
"that we feel no qualms in en
visioning a steady upward sales
trend in the years ahead.
"The industry's second straight
seven-million sales year back-to-back
1DS2 and 1983 now appears
to be a laydown. While it may be
too early to make a specific
prediction about 1964, surely we
can anticipate that car sales will
average more than seven million
units a year the next several
years."
The marketing research that
goes into a sweeping statement of
this kind is of interest to all
business. It goes into consumer
intentions, buying power and cred
it availability.
Eggert reviewed his research
with charts before the U.S. Cham
ber of Commerce mid year busi
ness outlook session in Washing
tun. It was a revealing forecast
of continuing growth.
First is the population factor.
Everyone knows it is exploding,
without stopping to figure what
it means to business.
This year there were a million
more teen-agers reaching lfi than
ever before. They were the 3.7
million war babies. There will be
three million more of them reach-
LETTERS
TO THE
EDITOR
Beauty
The project "Make Klamath
County Beautiful" is something
that all civic - minded citizens
should get behind. 1 would like to
congratulate the Suburban Drug
and Variety Store lor tlie won
derful job they have done in land
scaping the patio in the rear of
those two stores. There are rcpli
cas of Ml. Shasta. Ml. Pitt, the
Lava Beds and other places of
scenic beauty. The garden clubs
could really get some fine land
scaping ideas from just driving
up tlie alley in the rear of these
stores and viewing these master
pieces of landscaping.
I believe that the Good House
keeping magazine has awarded
a plaque In Ihese stores fur their
original idea of landscaping in
nu ll a small area.
I again wish to congratulate
tliese stores for their achieve
ment in the field of landscaping
such a small area.
M. Walter S. Miller,
39M South Sixth Street
. Jn:
IN WASHINGTON .
Boom Spurs
ing age 16 for the next three
years, then the number goes up
to 3.7 million again in 1968.
The economic significance of
this for the auto industry is that
16 is the driver's license age in
most states.
One-third of the young people in
the 18 to 24 age group buy a
new or used car each year. In
the next 10 years there will be
over 12 million people in this
age group a 50 per cent increase
over the last decade. Here's a
"new" market.
University of Michigan's Sur
vey Research Center has found
that for every 100 spending units
in the 18-24 age group, four buy
a new car and 27 buy a used
car. For all ages, the figures are
eight per cent buying new cars
and 16 per cent buying used cars.
So one-third of all auto sales are
new cars.
The long-run growth rate of
new car sales has been rising
about 2.8 per cent a year on
the average since 1950. The fore
cast is that new car sales will
rise to 7.5 million by 1965. to
8.6 million by 1970 and 10 million
by 1975.
U.S. per capita disposable in
come has been rising at an aver
age rate of 1.6 per cent a year,
increasing spending power. The
average was $1,500 in 1947. It is
over $2,000 now. Projections in
dicate it will be nearly $2,500 by
1975.
Another important factor is that
consumer credit is good, for sev
en out of 10 car sales are time
purchases. But banks and other
finance sources have plenty of
money now and arc ready to
lend it. And consumers have
enough confidence in the econ
omy to know they will be able to
make the last payment on a new
car when they sign for the first.
Increased income and credit
have meant that the number of
families with more than one car
has been rising unbelievably. In
1949 there were only 1.5 million
two-car families three per cent
of all family spending units. In
10 years this nearly doubled to
4.9 million two-car families, over
10 per cent of all spending units.
BERRY'S WORLD
I! ' ' j
Nation
But from 1958 to 1963 the num
ber doubled again to 11.3 multiple-car
families or 18.5 per cent
nearly one out of every five
spending units.
Interesting, too. is that there
are now 1.2 million three - car
families which is nearly as
many as the 1.5 million two-car
families of 1949.
As to car prices for the future
high volume production will
help keep prices down, assum
ing steady material prices. Also,
the average car is better made
and lasts longer. Average car
life of six years in 1925 has been
more than doubled to 14 years in
1960, according to Automobile
Manufacturers Association.
The unsolved problems are
building enough highways for the
65 million passenger cars and the
14 million trucks and buses to
' roll on and places where they
can all be parked.
WASHINGTON REPORT
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Sen. Tom Dodd, never one to
mince words, is blunt: The high
paid moguls of radio and tele
vision have a responsibility to
the American public.
They must carefully check not
only the vocal chords but the
ideological loyalties of those who
present news and views to the
American people.
Senator Dodd, acting chairman
of the Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee, makes this ob
servation as he ponders the sto
ry of Robert Taber, a former
CBS newsman.
Dodd first became familiar with
Taber in I960 when his s u b
committee opened a probe into
the Fair Play (or Cuba Commit
tee. Investigation revealed that Ta
ber, a top-ranking newsman at
Drivers 65 years old or over
are credited by the Travelers
Insurance Company with show
ing the best safety improvement
in 1962. They participated in only
six per cent of the year's fatal
automobile accidents compared
with 7.2 per cent m 1961. No other
age group did so well. The case
seems to be that longer experi
ence and greater maturity of
judgment more than offset what
ever slowing of the reflexes in
creased age may bring.
Take your pick from this string
of useless numerals. Anyway,
they do pose an interesting ques
tion: Are cats more popular than
dogs? It's hard to tell. According
to Uie American Humane Associa
tion, there are 25.7 million dogs
and 27.7 million cats in the Unit
ed States. The Pet Food Insti
tute says there are 24 million
dogs and 22 million cats. The
American Feline Society claims
there are 22 million dogs and 21
million cats. On the other hand,
the New York State Health De
partment says there are 25 mil
lion dogs and 26.7 million cats.
Finally, the American Kennel
Club says there are 26 million
dogs and 28 million cats.
Do you ever wonder why tax
es are so high? Well, one part
of the answer might be provid
ed by another string of numer
als. According to my calcula
tions, there are 91,216 separate
units of government in these
United States.
To begin with, there's the one
big national government the fed
eral government. There are 50
state governments, and in these
states there arc 3,043 county gov
ernments. But that's only the be
ginning. There are 17,977 muni
cipal governments and 17,144
township governments. However,
that's not all, for in addition we
have 34,678 school districts oper
ating as government units and
18,323 special districts..
A n d. further, statistically:
There's only one man in a mil
lion who understands the interna
tional situation. And, isn't it odd
how we keep running into him?
From a contributor comes:
When 1 was young and my slip
pers were red,
I could kick my feet way over
my head.
When I grew older and my slip
pers were blue,
Newsmen Advocate Pro-Castro Policy
CBS, had a long criminal rec
ord, including conviction for kid
naping, auto theft and armed
robbery.
Taber, called before the sub
committee, denied that his group
was financed with Castro gold.
When this testimony was contra
dicted under oath, Taber fled to
Cuba, taking with him $19,000 in
Fair Play funds.
The subcommittee continued its
investigation into Fair Play while
Taber served Castro in Havana.
It discovered the group was hea
vily infiltrated by long - time
Communists.
Then last year Taber returned
to the United States. Called for
testimony in executive session,
he continued to mouth tlie Castro
line. In releasing Tabcr's testi
mony the other day, Senator
Dodd declared:
"It is something to ponder that
a man like Taber would worm
his way into a top position on the
CBS staff, get himself assigned
as a CBS correspondent in Cuba
preceding the Castro takeover,
and then have his totally pro-Castro
presentation purveyed to the
American public by one of our
great television networks."
Taber is by no means the only
newsman to advocate pro-Castro
views, even at this late date.
There is William Mandel. an iden
tified Communist, who holds forth
over radio station KPFA of Ber
keley. Calif.
KFPA. incidentally, is one of
three stations that make up the
Pacifica Network, a far-left out
fit that has been tlie subject re
cently of closed-door Senate In
ternal Security subcommittee
hearings.
Another pro-Castro apologist is
Joseph Dolan. a Los Angeles radio-TV
commentator who was, at
the height of last October's Cu
ban crisis, critical of U.S. "rocket-rattling."
He told his audience that "Cas
tro is no mad dog: he's a cour
ageous (vitriolic man . . . just
ns patriotic to Cuba as George
Washington was to our forefa
thers. The worst you can say
about Castro is that he gave Cuba
hack to the Cubans."
I could still dance the whole night
through.
Now I am older and my slip
pers are black.
I walk to the comer and puff my
way back.
The reason I know my youth has
been spent,
My get-up-and-go has got-up and
went.
But I really don't mind when I
think with a grin
Of all the places my get-up has
been. '
Since 1 have retired from life's
competition
I find every day an exact repeti
tion. I get up each morning and
dust off my wits.
Pick up Uie paper and read the
obits.
If my name is missing I know
I'm not dead,
So I eat a big breakfast and go
back to bed.
And, another contributor sends
the following, with the penned
comment "I hope I never get
caught up there." The article is
from the Sacramento Bee:
THE LAW'S CRIME
Oswald Gallagher, 19, was held
in the Klamath Falls, Ore., jail
for 105 days with no sentence hav
ing been rendered against him or
ever haying appeared before a
judge for a preliminary hearing.
He was arrested in a dragnet
operation against a group of
teen-agers at a drinking party
in Fort Klamath. All were re
leased but him and he might
have become a modern Count
of Monte Crlsto if a habeas
corpus proceeding had not
forced his delivery from jail
and a hearing before a judge
who promptly freed him.
Our system of justice some
times makes mistakes. It occa
sionally runs into an arbitrary
sheriff or district attorney who
takes the law into his own hands.
Yet it is the unqualified duty of
enforcement officers to see that
every arrested person, whether
charged with murder or a petty
offense, is taken before a judge
for a hearing at the earliest op
portunity. For an arresting officer to
say, "Ooops, I forgot" is not to
be tolerated.
In- cases like this a man's lib
erty is being trifled with. The
public must have enforcement of
ficials who do not forget things of
such moment.
It would seem Gallagher mer
its some compensation for the
days stupidly, negligently or vi
ciously stolen from his freedom.
On June 15, Dolan received an
award from Women for Legisla
tive Action of the Los Angeles
area. In his acceptance, Dolan ,
sharply criticized FBI Chief J.
Edgar Hoover, the House Un
American Activities Committee
and the Central Intelligence Agen
cy. He told listeners that Hoover
"was so busy chasing around aft
er a handful of about 10 Com
munists that syndicated crime,
which was eviscerating the peo
ple of the United States, was go
ing unchecked."
He said the Statue of Liberty
did not to him represent the Un
American Activities Committee or
the CIA or any other "gum-shoe"
organization. To Dolan, it rep
resents the workers, the ordinary
people who want only the rights
guaranteed them by the Consti
tution. On his Veterans Day broadcast
of November, 1962, Dolan insisted
that war was useless. He said
the U.S. government is engaged
in a "ridiculous contest w ith Rus
sia simply to prove who is right."
He declared tlie United States is
obsessed with "tlie idea of Com
munist aggression."
One month later, Dolan was
rapping J. Edgar Hoover once
again, saying the nation's top
G-man was spreading hysteria
about a handful of Communists at
loose in the nation.
Dolan has demanded freedom
for Morton Sobell, convicted es
pionage artist, on the grounds
that "as far as atomic secrets
arc concerned there just is no
such thing any more. Scientists
in any country can easily as
semble atomic weapons. There
was nothing for Sobell to reveal.
Therefore, he should never have
been sentenced at all. '
In a speech earlier this year,
Dolan spoke on world affairs' dur
ing which time he attacked, re
spectively, the FBI, the CIA,
President Kennedy, the State
Department, the Defense Depart
ment, the Pentagon, the House
In-American Activities Commit
tee, former President Eisenhower
and various assorted aircraft
companies.