PAGE (
Sunday, June 30, 19.l
'Things Were Bad Enough, Then Prince Charles
Took That Nip!"
NOTHING
SPECIAL
fcdil&iial (paqsL
Ailing Cities Put On Spot
(W. B. S.I
A fresh opportunity is at hand for state,
county and local governments to show their
stuff in competition with a federal authority
against whose encroachments they complain.
Special Senate and House subcommittees
on intergovernmental relations are beginning
a long series of field inquiries into basic prob
lems confronting the various levels of govern
ment in the nation's major metropolitan areas.
What the subcommittees want to hear is
not Washington solutions but "grass roots"
proposals for improving regional co-operation
in solving such problems.
For example, if there is widespread op
position to plans for federal mass transit
legislation, the probers will ask simply:
"How do you in your area propose to
meet the crushing transportation needs of the
present and future? Do you have the legal
power and the organizational capacity to deal
with these needs?"
Aulhorities and interested parties at the
various levels below Washington will be on
test. For many of these assert vigorously:
"Leave us alone. Leave these matters to
us. We are better able than the federal govern
ment to solve our difficulties."
The answer to that, in the present circum
stance, is that their case is unproven.
Many American communities are in deep
trouble and show little sign of knowing how
to extricate themselves. Slums prow faster
(Th Times, San Mateo, Calif.,)
One of the tragic wastes of our society
Is the high school graduate who has shown
promise in his studies, but does not go on to
college because of a lack of funds. The trage
dy Is compounded by the fact that each year
thousands of scholarships in the United Slates
are unused because no one applies for them.
Thirty million dollars in scholarship
grants were unused last year, and $450 mil
linn available for low-cost college loans were
unloiichcd. Contrary to what a skeptic might
deduce, few of these scholarships were limited
to pink-haired Siberians who wanted to study
the natural animosities of the albatross and
the goldfish.
Two requirements of most scholarships
are good grades in high school and a need for
financial aid. The second requirement can
frequently be overcome if there are no other
takers and the applicant shows particular
promise in his field.
Lack of publicity concerning some of the
available scholarships contributes to their dis
use. But the truth is, as most student counse
lors are aware, lack of perseverance on the
part of the student and his parents Is most
frequently to blame.
IN WASHINGTON
By RALPH dc TOI.KDANO
The proposed Negro March on
Washington in August to force
the hand of Congress places Presi
dent Kennedy very painfully on
the horns of a dilemma. If 100.000
Negroes picket the Capitol and
sit-in on the cold marble floors of
lis corridors, the possibilities of
civil rights legislation will proli
ably gu out the window. Many
Congressmen who feel that such
legislation is necessary and war
ranted will not tolerate this kind
of pressure tactics. They will cer
tainly not vole for cloture if Ne
gro leaders attempt to put a pistol
to the head of Congress.
On the other hand, if no legisla
tion is enacted, Mr. Kennedy ran
kiss away his chances for re-election.
The tension and rioting that
have been on tlie increase will
undoubtedly continue at a slooried
up pace. The President will cith
er have to condone it or send
troops In major cities north and
south of the Mason-l)ion Lino.
Hits would lose him vo'es by the
millions. Whatever racial dillicul
ties exist today, the nation is not
ready to accept martial law with
out protest. Whether fairly or not.
Nifh Negroes and whites will
blame Mr. Kennedy.
What then is the solution? The
lirv. Martin l.ulher King insists
that (lie March on Washington
cannot he prevented, no matter
what he says or does. And other
Negro leatlers have argued in the
same manner. Rut is this true'
If Mr. King and the leaders ol
the National Association tor the
Advancement of Colored People
were to urge tlieir followers to
stay lxme and if the Congress on
Growth Of Scholarship;
Hundreds of organizations fraternal,
education, scientific, military, and governmen
tal offer scholarships each year. There
are constant additions to the list. Every col
lege will supply a prospective student a po
tential scholarship list upon request, and
many colleges offer their own scholarship
and loan services.
"Undergraduate College Scholarships" is
a pamphlet available from the Office of Ed
ucation, Washington 25, D.C. As to loans for
higher education, the possibilities range from
interest-free loans for students who have fin
ished two years of college from the Hattie M.
Strong Foundation to long-term loans avail
able through 1454 participating colleges and
universities in all 50 states under the national
defense student loan program.
Continued awareness of the increasing
value of college training is reaching into the
home and the high school. But until a greater
number of the thousands of capable students
who risk their futures on a high school diplo
ma desire to take advantage of the opportuni
ties awaiting them in higher education, neither
the parent nor the teacher can he salisfied
with the role he has played.
Strong Leadership Need
Racial Kquality (CORE! were to
add its voice would there by any
substantial gathering here in Wash
ington? The question answers it
self. Certainly, some of the extrem
ist groups would attrmpt to capi
talize on the reponsible behavior
of the NAACP and other Negro
associations and committees by
opposing It. The Communists, who
lor years have attempted to re
cruit Negroes hy ottering a "solu
tion" now taken over hy tlie Black
Muslims for a "Negro republic"
in the South, will sock to take
hold of any possible demonstra
tions. Rut to mount a massive March
on Washington will require tlie
kind of planning and logistical
support that only the NAACP, the
King organization and CORK can
provide. A sober statement by
these groups warning that trou
ble at (lie Capitol will harm rath
er than help would automatical'v
cool off some of those now de
manding it. And tlx- tedious and
necessary business of renting
buses, arranging train schedules.
Iinding lodgings, and providing
food for MO.uM demonstrators
could not be handled by ad hoc
Communist and-or Black Muslim
agitators.
Tlie concern now felt by the
Kennedy Administration has he
gun to bubble to the surface. At
torney General Robert Kennedy
faced the criticism of the Negro
leadership when be cautioned
them that a march was prema
ture" until Congress had a right to
debate tlie civil right legislation
proposed by the President. But
behind the scenes, tlie talk is con
siderably more emphatic.
than they can stamp them out. Automobile
traffic strangles them. Air pollution comes
near to smothering them on certain days. Fi
nancial burdens weigh them down.
Author Mitchell Gordon, in a new book
called "Sick Cities," notes that one town
equipped its postmen with gas masks because
its air was unfit to breathe. It is a fact of life
today, he adds, that every urban American
who lives to be 60 can expect sometime to be
victim of a crime ranging from theft to may
hem. In less than two decades, says Gordon,
nine out of 10 Americans will be living in
urban metropolitan regions. Conditions then
may well be utterly intolerable unless citizens
and their communities act now to crack some
of their most desperate problems.
Many of the "solutions" thus far tried,
like widening streets and highways, only turn
out to intensify the problems.
But in many ways control of sprawl,
of road patterns, of pollution, of recreational
facilities effective solutions are clearly
barred by antiquated regional and local gov
erning practices.
If these echelons of government have the
capacity to clean away the deadwood of dec
ades and grapple imaginatively with the huge
dilemmas of city and town and county, the
men of Congress now plunging into the field
coast to coast will be only too happy to
hear it.
Some of tlie President's advisers
are. in fact, considerably resent
ful of the bind in which the Rev.
Mr. King and others have put the
Administration. They have always
thought of themselves as the Ne
groes' best friend and they can
not comprehend why this is not
understood. Negro leaders, how
ever, lake a somewhat diKcrenl
view Tliev note that holoro bis
election. Mr. Kennedy had prom
ised Hatty that a civil rights h:'l
would be Ins fust order of busi
ness. Once in nllice, he insisted
that statutes then on the books
were siilticient to cope with tli,.
problem.
Tile President's turnabout, allrr
the riots in Birmingham and Phil
adelphia, has not impressed those
w ho believ' that he is now acting
out of tear rattier than from prin
ciplo As long as lear seems In
be tlie motivation, the pressuie
will grow and the demonstrations
increase in iuipiIht and sic. on
matter what the eventual conse
quence:. Irritation at the Presi
dent's dilemma will achieve
htile.
Strong leaik'rship Is required
now based on a thorough under
standing of the issues, svmpatiiv
tor all eitlcns whether hl.kk or
white who must come to grips
with an explosive situation, and a
proix-r regard (or law and consti
tuiional principle. A show of lite
courage which seeks to do the
right regardless of political consc
quences will do more to quiet tlie
country and help it arrive at nisi
solutions than all the pious senti
ments and violent non-violent dem
EDSON
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
N'ewpapcr Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) - New
York City's experience with its
Commission on Intergroup Rela
tions COIR offers pointed case
histories on how efforts to foster
and achieve integration work
out.
New York is the most polygot
city in the world with a popula
tion of over eight million. It has
Jewish, Negro, Puerto Rican and
many European minorities whose
complex problems make the ra
cial relationships ot most Ameri
can communities simple by com
parison. In addition. New York
is headquarters for the U n i t e d
OTHER
EDITORS'
OPINIONS
The Sacramento Bret
L'nitcd States Senator Kenneth
B. Keating of New York has
charged that the antiquated sys
tem of electing the president of
the United Slates by a vote of
the electoral college gives no as
surance the choice of tlie people
will enter the White House.
Keating is entirely correct. The
New York senator also is accurate
in his suggestion for eliminating
this hazard an amendment to the
constitution to provide for the di
rect election of presidents by pop
ular vote.
There is no reason to conlin
w the anachronism of tlie elec
toral college and every reason to
abolish it.
I'nder this system all the
vtes of a state support the win
ning candidate, even if he wins
hv only the slimmist margin. All
of the votes of the l(er are ie
nored when the final and derisive
ote is ea-t in the electoral col
lege. This creates a threat to ma
1't:1 r: U al-u makes possible
ieliheratc manipulation to frus
tia;e the will ot tlie people. There
is no ahxilute requirement that
the electors from a state cast their
ballots for the candidate who re
ceived a majority of the votes,
Tin- late.-st proof of this danger
conies in the proposal being
putted hy Governor Uoss Harnett
ot Mississippi ulto would with
hold the S3 electoral votes of lie
sriitliern states in I9t4. forcing the
election of tlie president into the
hi'uo of representatives.
Tie nnt factor fa iving con
Icge is inertia Tlie need lor
change does n apjiear to be a
ma'.ter of urgent necessity to most
Americans.
Yet the f.ut mruims It could
he matier oi urgcniy in any given
piesi,ient:ai c'evii- n. IVtying the
will of tlx1 majority ol t!W voters
certainly woukl he a iialer I n
!es tin system is changed noth
ing could he done if the unhappy
la should conic and the electoral
cge picked a man not elected
hy Un? voters or permitted hv the
houe of representatives to do the
same thing.
The time f.r action is now
before it u Urn late to prevent the
choice o the people beuni ignored
IN WASHINGTON
integration Tough Job
Nations, where representatives
from many of the 100 countries
have found they are not always
welcome as neighbors or in res
taurants and other public places.
Dr. Alfred J. Marrow. COIR's
first director and author of the
new, award winning book,
"Changing Patterns in Preju
dice," found that many of the
problems tackled by his group
and other welfare agencies did not
always work out as planned.
New York state's housing in
tegration law. for instance, has
not ended segregation. But since
its passage, the law has given
formerly restricted minori
ties added self-respect. Dr. Mar
row explained it this way in an
interview;
"It enabled a colored mother to
tell her wondering children,
'Yes, we can live anywhere we
want to. It's just that Daddy
can't get a job that pays enough
money for us to move into a bet
ter flat.' That satisfies childish
pride on one point, though it
raises another problem."
What frequently happened when
colored families moved
into integrated housing develop
ments, says Marrow, is that the
whites simply moved out. What
had been solidly '.ihite apart
ments soon became solidly Ne
gro or Puerto Rican. The idea of
reserving some of the apartments
for white families was suggested,
to force mixing. But this was
rejected by tlie minority groups,
which didn't wnnt mixing by plan
or quota.
"People of the same ethnic
background like to live near each
other." explains Marrow. "So
there are voluntary segregated
communities all over New York.
They are cultural islands. They
are not ghettoes. because the peo
ple who inhabit them can get out
if they want to. Compulsory in
tegration to a kind of cliecker
hoard pattern isn't what these
groups want. First, they want
better housing
"Harlem Negroes don't neces
sarily want to live with whites.
They want to live with other
Negroes. Een the more success
ful, higher class Negroes who
BERRY'S WORLD
L -r)
i
li 1 r - 1 jgRSONNEL
PMs j ' Untie
pgi if f 1
"Ctn yon Iseep uertt"
.
call themselves 'middle class
doctors, lawyers, professional
people and businessmen want
to continue living in Harlem
where their patients, .clients and
customers live. They don't want
to move to Westchester."
Viewed in this light, integra
tion may not cause the complete
revolution in living standards
some people have feared.
The question of integrated edu
cation is something else.
"The problem is how to accel
erate the Supreme Court man
date for 'deliberate speed' in in
tegration.' Marrow believes.
One thing that has to be done
is give Negro children better
teaching services until they catch
up. Thi means special tutoring.
It means more exposure to cul
ture. It means smaller classes.
Says Marrow: "That means
more money. New York City esti
mated that cutting average class
size by one child and giving re
medial reading courses with oth
er aids for jut two years might
cost a third more per child."
Most states and local communi
ties can't meet these extra costs.
It is therefore considered likely
that any moves toward faster
school integration will put in
creased pressures on the drive for
more federal aid to the states for
public school education.
Another likely development.
Marrow believes, is the possibil
ity of more school segregation
developing voluntarily, even af
ter integration is imposed by
law or order. This hapjvned in
Baltimore, which put through
what was considered a model
M'hool integration plan. The
whites simply moved. They
were afraid integration would
lower educational averages.
"Don't conlue what can be
done by law," warns Marrow in
conclusion, "with what can't be
done bv law."
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q What is a hootenanny'
A Hiita meeting of folk
ni tigers, especially for public en-
trrtainmrnt.
1 J
m III.
Klamath County citizens appar
ently are so accustomed tn
arrogance in the sher
iff's office ' ... and care
lessness in the office of district
attorney that they feel any effort
to change tilings is useless. The
recent "incident" involving the
young Indian who was held in
Klamath County jail for 105 days
with no charge against him. is
only one of a series that dra
matically emphasizes tlie inept
ness of our officials in both de
partments. It is fantastic and in
conceivable that s u c h a thing
could happen. But it did.
Equally inconceivable, I think,
is the lack of outcry from Klam
ath citizenry. We have all kinds
of do-gooders running around
sniffing out grand schemes for
the alleviation of "suffering" of
their fellow-man. But, here is
a simple oase of justice flag
rantly wronged. So far, 1 i.avcn't
heard a peep except what we
printed in the paper.
I have heard some people ex
press amusement at some of the
antics of our "sheriff." I wonder
how they'd like to be unjustly
locked up for 105 days (or 1'',
minutes for that matter' by some
arrogant official who is too inept
or too careless to recognize tlie
limits or the extent of his respon
sibilities? Now that Profumo is gone, and
a new Minister of War named for
Britain, would it be unnecessary
to say that England has been Pro
fumogated? A Little League father has final
ly figured out the strike zone used
by the umpires. If the father
catches it, it's a strike.
Sale of our crib the other day
reminded me of those famous
last words: The saddest words
of tongue or pen: "He sold our
bahy buggy, then . . ."
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Squash-playing Orville Freeman
is not one who easily accepts de
feat. When Minnesota voters gave
him the boot in infiO. lame duck
Governor Freeman went inlo se
clusion, and did not come out un
til he was named Secretary of
Agriculture bv President Kenne
dy. When farmers from coast to
coast turned thumbs down on his
control-ladon "solution" to the na
tion's farm problem six weeks
ago. Freeman decided to get away
from it all. He will leave a fort
night hence for a month-long
working vacation behind the Iron
Curtain.
The stocky, bespectacled Secre
tary w ill lead a team of eight
advisers into Moscow on July
n. From there he will tnur tlie
Soviet Vnion, Poland. Rumania.
Bulsaria, and Yugoslavia, and
"take a careful, thorough 'ook"
at farm methods in a collectivized
society.
Freeman will learn one thing:
Soviet agriculture is a colossal
Hop. Little more than six months
ago. Nikita Khrushchev announced
that Nikolai G. Ignatov had been
tired as Deputy Premier. Ignatov
is only the latest in a long suc
cession ol "exports" who have
been unable to make collectivized
agriculture work.
One of this country's leading ex
ports on Soviet farming explains
why. "You can read hundreds of
pages of Soviet bilge on agronom
ical trivia." says Prof. Domiiri
Shimkin of tlie University of Illi
nms. "and find no recognition that
agriculture is done hy human be
ins." liiunks and other misfits have
boon appointed to key jobs in So
viet agricultural planning, says
Shimkin. "Illegal coercion of the
pe.isanlry. vcnahlv. incompetent
and dishnneMy have often been
nii'ed."
Tlie abject failure of collectiv
iod agriculture can he seen (rnm
the following statistics. While tlie
oeruhelming majority of Soviet
farmers work on coi'cotivied
I. cms. SO per cent of the milk.
V per cent of the meat. R2 per
rent ot the eggs, and 62 per cent
of the potatoes are supplied hv a
ortniiarai i e handful of pruate
larmers who have but 4 per cent
of t(ie country's crop land
S'viot "planners" have been un
a1! 1 'o mechanve cnliet tlMzed ag
ncuit.ire Not oniy is machinerv
in short su;ipl: it is poorly main
tamed It is often left out in the
nfx-n to rust throughout tlie se
vere Russian wm'er. Neglect of
maairnery has :p fart become
Parents, you'U be interested,
I'm sure, in a new feature that
gets underway in the Herald and
News tomorrow. It's called Little
People's Puzzle, and is an educa
tional word-aiid-picture game that
cnteiiains the children while it
helps them learn to spell.
Recently, samples of the puzzle
were given to 210 third, fourth and
fifth graders in a central New
Jersey school. The great majority
of the children agreed with the
little girl who wrote on the back
of the puzzle. "I would like to
have them in the paper during the
summer 'cause they are fu to
do."
We'll be publishing tlie puzzle
six times a week. Encourage tlie
kids to take turns having a whack
at them.
The average man has prob
ably thought twice about run
ning away from home once as
a child, and once as a husband.
I notice that several Oregon
towns are seeking ways to out
law selling via the telephone. So
far as I know, nothing has been
said about curtailing the activities
of the radio survey teams that
call while you're watching TV.
July Fourth comes on Thursday
this year (as if you didn't know'.
There goes another week's work
put off until the next week.
The "temporary" war-level
laves, which produce about $4
billion in annual revenue, were
to have been decreased or
dropped in 1954. Instead (hey
have been extended on a year-to-year
basis. Which goes to
show that "temporary" taxes,
whether of federal, stale or local
origin, gel tn be an unbreakable
habit.
Time waits for no man, it is
loo busy waiting for women.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Russian Farm Program
Is Complete Failure
such a problem that it was made
a criminal offense.
There are chronic shortages of
spare parts and it is often easier
to buy new implements. The So
viet press at harvest time is filled
with reports of breakdowns in
badly-needed farm machinery.
In 1959. or instance, when the
Soviet Union had considerable
trouble harvesting the grain crop
in Kazakhstan, 32.000 combines
and 11.000 reapers were not in
use in that region. At least 18.000
tractors could not be used because
they needed repairs.
Consumption of electricity on
Soviet farms is less than one
third of that on American farms.
And, as Khrushchev has said,
"one cannot demand high produc
tivity of labor and hack corn witlj
an axe."
Note: The Freeman jaunt l
reminiscent of one taken last sum
mer by Interior Secretary Stew
art Udall. The 10 most efficient
power-generating establishments
in the world are located in this
country. Rather than visit them,
however. Udall toured the Soviet
Union to learn "as much as we
can and see as much as we
can. We have so much to learn
from yoiir Soviet specialists in
this field."
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Sunday, June 30, the
181st day of ina with 184 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
full phase.
The morning stars are Venus,
Jupiter and Saturn.
The evening star is Mars.
On this day in history:
In pr.H. Adolf Hitler "began his
bloody puree of fkrmany, elim
inating many political and mili
tary leaders who had once sup
ported hun.
In I'i.V), President Harry Tru
man announced the transfer of
I S troops in Japan to Korea tn
av-i-t in tlie war acainst North
Korean invaders.
In i:'.Vt. the Senate approved
tlie hill to make Alaska the 491h
stale.
In l'o. the Belgian Congo be
( amo the Republic of Congo, soon
to be the ccne of hloodv internal
strife.
A thought for It. dav-German
author, Thomas Mann, said:
"Opinions cannot survive if one
has no chance to fight for them "